第04讲 Unit 2 语法（一般过去时和现在完成时、不定代词、并列句）-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（仁爱科普版）

第04讲 Unit2 语法（一般过去时和现在完成时、不定代词、并列句） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 考点 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。 I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。 （现在完成时强调的是“我的房间已经干净了。”这个结果。） I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。（一般过去时只强调“打扫”这个动作。） 现在完成时与一般过去时在标志词上的区别 现在完成时标志词：already(已经)）[用于肯定句] yet (已经)[否定句疑问句], so far, in the past ..., never, ever(曾经)，for+段时间， since+时间点， up  to now(到目前为止)，by now(到如今) 一般过去时标志词：yesterday，last night，in+过去的年份，two days ago，before，the age of，the d现在完成时present perfect tense 现在完成时 01含义 1.表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一项动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already seen the movie.我已将看过这部电影了。 （看电影发生在过去对现在的影响—我知道了电影的内容.) 2. 表示某一动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还有持续下去。 Lucy has  been  here since two hours ago.两个小时前Lucy就已经在这里了。（可能还会持续下去。） 02结构 肯定句： 主语+have/has+动词过去分词（done）+其他 I have finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。 否定句： 主语+haven't/hasn't +过去分词（done））+其他 I haven't finished my homework.我没有完成家庭作业。 一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+动词过去分词（done）+其他？ Have you finish your homework ?你完成家庭作业了吗？ 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？ What have you learned in this month? 03标志词 already(已经)）[用于肯定句] yet (已经)[否定句疑问句], so far, in the past ..., never, ever(曾经)，for+段时间， since+时间点， up to now(到目前为止)，by now(到如今) 04用法 1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和already,never, ever, just,before,yet等时间状语连用。 I have just had my breakfast. 2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点等时间状语用。 I have lived here for three years.ay before yesterday等。 1．—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 2．—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A．Have; seen; have seen B．Did; see; saw C．Have; seen; saw D．Did; see; have seen 3．— Have you ever been to Beijing? — Yes, I ________ there last month. A．have been B．have gone C．went 4．Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 5．Jim ________ Chinese painting for 2 years, so he is pretty good at it now. A．is learning B．will learn C．was learning D．has learned · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：——你去过俄罗斯吗，Lilian？ ——去过，我在那里学习了两个星期。考查时态。studied，一般过去时；was studying，过去进行时；have studied，现在完成时；studies，一般现在时。根据问句可知，Lilian在俄罗斯学习这件事已发生且已结束，则需用一般过去时，故选A。 2. 句意：——你之前看过这部电影吗，丽丽？——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”，用现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响；答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”，表明动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选C。 3. 句意：——你曾经去过北京吗？——是的，我上个月去过那里。考查句子时态辨析。have been去过某地，现在完成时；have gone去了某地，现在完成时；went去，一般过去时。根据“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时，故选C。 4. 句意：自从迈克开始在我们学校学习以来，他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。考查时态。根据“since he began to study in our school”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作，主句时态应用现在完成时。故选C。 5. 句意：吉姆学习中国画已经两年了，所以他现在很擅长。考查现在完成时。根据“for 2 years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续下去，强调对现在的影响（擅长绘画），需用现在完成时，主语Jim是第三人称单数，所以用has learned。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3.C 4.C 5.D 考点 复合不定代词 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody（某人） anybody（任何人） nobody（没有人） everybody（每人） -one someone（某人） anyone（任何人） no one（没有人） everyone（每人） -thing something（某事） anything（任何事） nothing（没有东西） everything（每件事） 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在其后。如： There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else？ 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗？ 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型： ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做，只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody， anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。如： He thinks himself somebody， but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物，但我们觉得他什么也不是。 1．Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 2．—Betty looks sad. Shall we do ________ to cheer her up? —Good idea. Let’s tell her some jokes first. A．nothing B．something C．anything 3．—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 4．—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 5．—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：人多好办事。除非我们共同努力，否则将一事无成。考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么；Anything任何事情；Something某些事情；Everything所有事情。根据“will be achieved unless we work together.”可知，指的是如果合作不好，就没有什么事能够完成，nothing符合语境。故选A。 2. 句意：——贝蒂看起来很伤心。我们做点什么让她高兴起来好吗？——好主意。咱们先给她讲些笑话吧。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；something某物；anything任何事物。“something”意为“某事、某物”，常用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中也常用。此句是提出让贝蒂开心起来的建议，用“something”符合语境。故选B。 3. 句意：——你们每个人都有自己擅长的东西，而你们的朋友也有他们擅长的。——我同意。我们应该互相学习。考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事，所有事物；nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；something某事，某物，一般用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知，此处是在说每个人都有自己擅长的东西，且句子为肯定句，所以应该用something。故选C。 4. 句意：——真遗憾，我错过了英语拼写比赛的满分。——别太在意！你应该记住，世界上没有什么是完美的。考查不定代词辨析。something某事/某物；anything任何事/任何东西（常用于否定句或疑问句）；everything一切/所有事物；nothing无事/无物。根据“Take it easy! You should remember that there is...perfect in the world”可知“世界上没有什么是完美的”，此处需用否定含义的代词，且“there is nothing perfect”为固定表达，强调“不存在完美的事物”。故选D。 5. 句意：——这次谁数学考试没及格？——没有人。那是因为我们所有人都比以前更努力了。考查代词辨析。Anybody任何人；Somebody某人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据“That’s because all of us work harder than before.”可知，大家都比以前更努力了，所以没有人不及格。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. B 3.C 4.D 5.D 考点 并列句 1.并列复合句的概念和结构 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起而构成的句子叫作并列复合句。其基本结构：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。 2.并列复合句中的并列连词 and ①“和，而且”，表并列、递进或顺承： He is a good teacher， and we all like him. ②“祈使句，and＋陈述句”表结果： Work hard， and you will get better grades next time. but “但是，可是，而”，表转折： I don’t want to go there， but Mom said I must. so “因此，所以”，表因果： I don’t have enough money， so I won’t buy the toy. or ①“或者，还是”，表选择：Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it. ②“否则”，用于“祈使句，or＋陈述句”： Work hard， or you will fail the exam. for “因为”，表原因： The plane won’t take off today， for a heavy rain is on the way. while “然而”，表转折，用来表示对比： Some kids like running in the wild while others prefer to stay at home reading. 【注意】 ①其他并列连词（词组） 有的并列连词（词组）可连接除分句之外的并列结构（并列的主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语等），如and（和，与），or（或者，还是，表选择），both...and...，not only...but also...，either...or...， neither...nor...。 ★表并列关系时，and/or区分：肯定句用and，否定句用or。如： I can read and write./I can’t read or write. ②并列词组的常见用法 both...and... 当连接两个并列结构作主语时 “……和……”，谓语动词用复数： Both Tom and I like the movie. not only...but also... “不但……而且……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Not only he but also I am interested in the movie. either...or... “要么……要么”“或者……或者”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Either you or she is going there tomorrow. neither...nor... “既不……也不……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Neither Tom nor I am going there tomorrow. 1．The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year. A．when B．if C．so D．but 2．—Ye Jiaying, the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us on November 24th, 2024. —That’s sad, ________ her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems. A．so B．but C．if D．when 3．I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 4．—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 5．—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：庐山山顶的景色令人惊叹，所以每年都吸引了许多游客。考查连词辨析。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；so所以，表因果关系；but但是，表转折关系。根据“The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing...it draws many tourists every year.”可知，句中表述庐山山顶景色令人惊叹，“因此”每年吸引很多游客，前后是因果关系。故选C。 2. 句意：——中国古典诗词之女叶嘉莹于2024年11月24日离我们而去。——这很令人难过，但她的著作和思想将继续影响着热爱中国诗词的人们 。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；if如果；when当……时候。根据“the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us”和“her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems”可知，前后句存在转折关系。故选B。 3. 句意：我昨晚睡得很早，所以今天感觉很好。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者，否则；but但是；for为了。结合语境及前后句“I went to bed early last night…I feel great today.”可知，前后句表示因果关系，应用so表示结果。故选A。 4. 句意：——不要成为低头族。科技对我们帮助很大，但是我们不应该让它控制我们的生活。——我们应该多参加户外活动来保持健康。考查连词辨析。until直到……为止；because因为；unless除非，如果不；but但是。分析句子结构可知，“Technology helps us a lot”与“we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives”是转折关系，应用but连接句子。故选D。 5. 句意：——你愿意来参加我的聚会吗？——我很愿意，但是我有很多作业要做。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；and和；but但是。根据“I’d love to, ... I have lots of homework to do.”可知前后为转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。 · 答案1. C 2. B 3.A 4.D 5.D 1．（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）—Lucy, is your aunt a teacher? —Yes, she is. She ________ English in this school for nearly 20 years. A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach 2．（23-24八年级下·福建厦门·期末）—May I speak to Mr.Lin? —Sorry, he __________ Hangzhou. He __________ back in a week A．has been to, came B．has been in, comes C．has gone to, will come 3．（23-24八年级下·广西河池·期末）It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016. A．haven’t seen B．don’t see C．didn’t see 4．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末）So far, I ________ a letter from my friend in Moscow. A．don’t get B．didn’t get C．haven’t got 5．（23-24八年级下·江西吉安·期末）一I hear your father _______ to Japan once. 一Yes. He ________ there a year ago. A．went; has been B．has been; went C．goes; went D．has been; has been 6．（23-24八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）Mary ______ reading the book last week and she ______ 50 pages so far. A．has started; finished B．has started; has finished C．started; has finished D．started; finished 7．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Have you ________ to Paris? —Yes, I ________ there last month A．gone; went B．went; gone C．been; went 8．（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测）—I’m trying to learn painting, but it’s not easy. —Don’t give up! Each try teaches you ______, like color mixing. It’ll get better! A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 9．（2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）With a strong will, ________ can stop him from completing the running competition. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 10．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you. A．somebody other B．else somebody C．somebody else 11．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—What would you like to eat, Tommy? —________ you can get. Hurry, I can eat a horse now. A．Something B．Everything C．Anything 12．（2025·上海金山·三模）As a foreigner, she felt so lonely that she could find ________ to talk with. A．nobody B．everybody C．anybody D．somebody 13．（2025·山东淄博·二模）—Who helped you with your English? —________! I learned it all by myself. A．Nobody B．Anybody C．Somebody D．Everybody 14．（2025·江苏·二模）—Fan Zhendong is highly praised to have a gift for table tennis. —In fact, ________ was born good at anything without enough practice. A．nobody B．everybody C．somebody D．anybody 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—You look tired. What did you do last weekend? —________ much. I think I just need a break. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 16．（2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Our classroom is so clean. Who cleaned it, Tom? —Sorry, I don’t know. I think ________ did it before class. A．somebody B．nobody C．everyone D．anyone 17．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）—I can’t see ________ there. What about you, Paul? —I can see nothing either. A．nothing strange B．something strange C．anything strange D．strange anything 18．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I’m worried I can’t finish the project on time. It seems too hard. —Don’t give up! The proverb says “______ is impossible to a willing mind.” Just try your best. A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything 19．（2025·海南省直辖县级单位·三模）—There was a traffic accident on my way home. —That’s terrible. ________ is more important than safety. A．Anything B．Something C．Nothing 20．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—Never tell the strangers ________ personal by WeChat or QQ. —OK. I’ll keep it in mind. A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 21．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—Are you still in the office? It’s almost eleven o’clock. —Yeah, I haven’t finished my work. But don’t worry. There’s ________ much left. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 22．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The guests thought the manager didn’t do ________ to improve the service of the hotel. A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 23．（22-23九年级上·河北张家口·期末）Hold a meeting to have a good talk, ________ we won’t reach an agreement. A．and B．but C．or D．so 24．（22-23九年级上·河北保定·期末）The movie starts at two o’clock, ________ let’s meet at the theater at one forty-five. A．so B．or C．if D．because 25．（22-23九年级上·山东威海·期末）Mr. Smith has helped me a lot, so I’m thankful to him. 此句为________。 A．简单句 B．并列句 C．主从复合句 26．Mike， don't be afraid to make mistakes， _________ you'll never make progress． A．so B．or C．and D．but 27．We can enjoy the books in the reading room, we can't take them out. A．and B．but C．or D．so 28．I didn't know anyone at the party, I felt a bit lonely. A．or B．so C．and D．but 29．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 30．（21-22八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A．Have; seen; have seen B．Did; see; saw C．Have; seen; saw D．Did; see; have seen 31．（23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期中）— Have you ever been to Beijing? — Yes, I ________ there last month. A．have been B．have gone C．went 32．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 33．（2025·北京朝阳·一模）Jim ________ Chinese painting for 2 years, so he is pretty good at it now. A．is learning B．will learn C．was learning D．has learned 34．（24-25九年级下·山东东营·期中）Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 35．（2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Betty looks sad. Shall we do ________ to cheer her up? —Good idea. Let’s tell her some jokes first. A．nothing B．something C．anything 36．（2025·安徽合肥·三模）—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 37．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 38．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody 39．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year. A．when B．if C．so D．but 40．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—Ye Jiaying, the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us on November 24th, 2024. —That’s sad, ________ her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems. A．so B．but C．if D．when 41．（2025·北京西城·一模）I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 42．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 43．（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but 真题感知 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Hi, Mike! Would you like to go boating with me? —Yes, I’d love to, ________ I have to finish my science project first. A．and B．or C．but D．for 2．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 3．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—The best things in life are free. —Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ______, but we can’t live without it. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 4．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Dazhou last month? —Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents. A．anything special B．special anything C．something special 5．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao. —Yes, _________ could say no to it there. A．everybody B．nobody C．somebody D．anybody 6．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ________ could be seen clearly. A．anything B．something C．nothing 7．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Tommy, is there____________ in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 8．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs _________. A．nothing B．everything C．anything 9．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus. A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything 提升专练 一、语法选择 （23-24九年级上·广东中山·期中） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题3个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 Mike has been called “father of migratory bird (候鸟)”. He 1 care of birds for the past 15 years at the National Nature Reserve (保护区). Mike started working at 2 reserve in 2007. He helps and takes care of migratory birds there. The work is harder in winter 3 the temperature falls to about -35 C． Usually he looks after the birdhouse alone during winter. His co-workers (同事) arrive 4 him from early summer to autumn. Mike also cares for wounded birds. They are usually 5 wounded because of accidents or being attacked by other birds. Some of them 6 by local villagers and sent to the reserve. He looks after 7 with great care. Every time he feels pleased to see 8 the birds have the ability to fly again. His job is meaningful not only to himself, but to the birds, who may die 9 the necessary help. Because of his work, he has had many 10 and knowledge about birds. It’s also lovely to hear the wonderful birdsong every morning. 1．A．takes B．took C．has taken 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．when B．though C．so 4．A．help B．helped C．to help 5．A．badly B．worse C．worst 6．A．found B．are found C．will be found 7．A．they B．them C．themselves 8．A．that B．how C．whether 9．A．from B．without C．for 10．A．experience B．experiences C．experiences’ （23-24九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期末） One morning, while we were fishing, we heard 11 loud noise. “What was that?’ I asked. “Oh, don’t worry, Ryan. It might be a turtle (海龟) 12 under the boat,” said Dad. Derek and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see 13 . Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal. “Look, Dad, there it is!” shouted Derek. It was a sea turtle and it couldn’t swim well. “Let’s go closer and see what’s wrong 14 it.” Dad said. 15 we got closer, we saw that there was a piece of plastic around the turtle’s legs. “Let’s help it.” I said. So Dad jumped into the water, swam to the turtle and brought it back to the 16 . “There you go, little turtle. Now you can swim to 17 family.” Dad said as he cut the plastic 18 . Then Derek and I put it back in the water. “I know 19 do. We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach,” I said. “I’ll help, too.” said Derek. “Great idea, boys. If we don’t do anything to stop sea pollution, these sea animals 20 . ” 11．A．the B．a C．an 12．A．to swim B．swimming C．swims 13．A．anything B．something C．nothing 14．A．about B．of C．with 15．A．When B．If C．While 16．A．plastic B．turtle C．boat 17．A．his B．your C．its 18．A．up B．down C．off 19．A．what should we B．what we should C．how we should 20．A．will die B．die C．are dead 二、短文填空 （23-24九年级上·浙江宁波·期中） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式 (最多限填三个单词) 填空。 Mount Emei is well-known for its plants and animals. Every year, 21 (visit) from all over the country and even abroad come to visit it. It 22 (become) one of the most popular sights in Sichuan Province so far. Tourism brings a lot of businesses, jobs and money. If it’s cloudy, people can see many kinds of birds in the trees 23 (sing) and some rare animals like monkeys climbing up and down. Last Saturday, several of my friends and I went there by bus 24 (direct). Everyone is in a state of great excitement. After about 25 one-hour ride, we arrived there. To our surprise, some people paid little attention 26 protecting the environment. On the way to the top, plastic bags and bottles were 27 (throw) everywhere. We had to pick up the rubbish and put it into the dustbins. We were tired, 28 , we felt so proud of 29 we had done. I think we should protect Mount Emei from being polluted, or the pollution will keep the people away. Let’s take action to make Mount Emei 30 (beautiful) and cleaner from now on. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第04讲 Unit2 语法（一般过去时和现在完成时、不定代词、并列句） 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 考点 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 现在完成时与一般过去时在意义上的区别 现在完成时把过去的动作和现在的结果联系起来，一般过去时只限于表示过去的动作本身，与现在的结果无关。 I have cleaned my room. (My room is clean now.)我已经打扫过我的房间了。 （现在完成时强调的是“我的房间已经干净了。”这个结果。） I cleaned my room last week. (I did it in the past.) 我上周打扫了我的房间。（一般过去时只强调“打扫”这个动作。） 现在完成时与一般过去时在标志词上的区别 现在完成时标志词：already(已经)）[用于肯定句] yet (已经)[否定句疑问句], so far, in the past ..., never, ever(曾经)，for+段时间， since+时间点， up  to now(到目前为止)，by now(到如今) 一般过去时标志词：yesterday，last night，in+过去的年份，two days ago，before，the age of，the d现在完成时present perfect tense 现在完成时 01含义 1.表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一项动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have already seen the movie.我已将看过这部电影了。 （看电影发生在过去对现在的影响—我知道了电影的内容.) 2. 表示某一动作或状态在过去已经开始，持续到现在，也许还有持续下去。 Lucy has  been  here since two hours ago.两个小时前Lucy就已经在这里了。（可能还会持续下去。） 02结构 肯定句： 主语+have/has+动词过去分词（done）+其他 I have finished my homework.我已经完成了家庭作业。 否定句： 主语+haven't/hasn't +过去分词（done））+其他 I haven't finished my homework.我没有完成家庭作业。 一般疑问句： Have/Has +主语+动词过去分词（done）+其他？ Have you finish your homework ?你完成家庭作业了吗？ 特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词+have/has +主语+过去分词+其他？ What have you learned in this month? 03标志词 already(已经)）[用于肯定句] yet (已经)[否定句疑问句], so far, in the past ..., never, ever(曾经)，for+段时间， since+时间点， up to now(到目前为止)，by now(到如今) 04用法 1.过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和already,never, ever, just,before,yet等时间状语连用。 I have just had my breakfast. 2.过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for+时间段或since+时间点等时间状语用。 I have lived here for three years.ay before yesterday等。 1．—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 2．—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A．Have; seen; have seen B．Did; see; saw C．Have; seen; saw D．Did; see; have seen 3．— Have you ever been to Beijing? — Yes, I ________ there last month. A．have been B．have gone C．went 4．Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 5．Jim ________ Chinese painting for 2 years, so he is pretty good at it now. A．is learning B．will learn C．was learning D．has learned · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：——你去过俄罗斯吗，Lilian？ ——去过，我在那里学习了两个星期。考查时态。studied，一般过去时；was studying，过去进行时；have studied，现在完成时；studies，一般现在时。根据问句可知，Lilian在俄罗斯学习这件事已发生且已结束，则需用一般过去时，故选A。 2. 句意：——你之前看过这部电影吗，丽丽？——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”，用现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响；答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”，表明动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选C。 3. 句意：——你曾经去过北京吗？——是的，我上个月去过那里。考查句子时态辨析。have been去过某地，现在完成时；have gone去了某地，现在完成时；went去，一般过去时。根据“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时，故选C。 4. 句意：自从迈克开始在我们学校学习以来，他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。考查时态。根据“since he began to study in our school”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作，主句时态应用现在完成时。故选C。 5. 句意：吉姆学习中国画已经两年了，所以他现在很擅长。考查现在完成时。根据“for 2 years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续下去，强调对现在的影响（擅长绘画），需用现在完成时，主语Jim是第三人称单数，所以用has learned。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. C 3.C 4.C 5.D 考点 复合不定代词 1.初中常见复合不定代词一览表 some- any- no- every- -body somebody（某人） anybody（任何人） nobody（没有人） everybody（每人） -one someone（某人） anyone（任何人） no one（没有人） everyone（每人） -thing something（某事） anything（任何事） nothing（没有东西） everything（每件事） 2.复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。 3.当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在其后。如： There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else？ 我们还需要一名帮手。你能帮我们再找个人吗？ 【拓展】 1.常见含复合不定代词的句型： ①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。 ②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关 ③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做，只能…… ④There is nothing to... 没有什么要…… 2.somebody， anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。如： He thinks himself somebody， but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人物，但我们觉得他什么也不是。 1．Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 2．—Betty looks sad. Shall we do ________ to cheer her up? —Good idea. Let’s tell her some jokes first. A．nothing B．something C．anything 3．—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 4．—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 5．—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：人多好办事。除非我们共同努力，否则将一事无成。考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么；Anything任何事情；Something某些事情；Everything所有事情。根据“will be achieved unless we work together.”可知，指的是如果合作不好，就没有什么事能够完成，nothing符合语境。故选A。 2. 句意：——贝蒂看起来很伤心。我们做点什么让她高兴起来好吗？——好主意。咱们先给她讲些笑话吧。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；something某物；anything任何事物。“something”意为“某事、某物”，常用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中也常用。此句是提出让贝蒂开心起来的建议，用“something”符合语境。故选B。 3. 句意：——你们每个人都有自己擅长的东西，而你们的朋友也有他们擅长的。——我同意。我们应该互相学习。考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事，所有事物；nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；something某事，某物，一般用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知，此处是在说每个人都有自己擅长的东西，且句子为肯定句，所以应该用something。故选C。 4. 句意：——真遗憾，我错过了英语拼写比赛的满分。——别太在意！你应该记住，世界上没有什么是完美的。考查不定代词辨析。something某事/某物；anything任何事/任何东西（常用于否定句或疑问句）；everything一切/所有事物；nothing无事/无物。根据“Take it easy! You should remember that there is...perfect in the world”可知“世界上没有什么是完美的”，此处需用否定含义的代词，且“there is nothing perfect”为固定表达，强调“不存在完美的事物”。故选D。 5. 句意：——这次谁数学考试没及格？——没有人。那是因为我们所有人都比以前更努力了。考查代词辨析。Anybody任何人；Somebody某人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据“That’s because all of us work harder than before.”可知，大家都比以前更努力了，所以没有人不及格。故选D。 · 答案1. A 2. B 3.C 4.D 5.D 考点 并列句 1.并列复合句的概念和结构 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起而构成的句子叫作并列复合句。其基本结构：简单句＋并列连词＋简单句。 2.并列复合句中的并列连词 and ①“和，而且”，表并列、递进或顺承： He is a good teacher， and we all like him. ②“祈使句，and＋陈述句”表结果： Work hard， and you will get better grades next time. but “但是，可是，而”，表转折： I don’t want to go there， but Mom said I must. so “因此，所以”，表因果： I don’t have enough money， so I won’t buy the toy. or ①“或者，还是”，表选择：Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it. ②“否则”，用于“祈使句，or＋陈述句”： Work hard， or you will fail the exam. for “因为”，表原因： The plane won’t take off today， for a heavy rain is on the way. while “然而”，表转折，用来表示对比： Some kids like running in the wild while others prefer to stay at home reading. 【注意】 ①其他并列连词（词组） 有的并列连词（词组）可连接除分句之外的并列结构（并列的主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语等），如and（和，与），or（或者，还是，表选择），both...and...，not only...but also...，either...or...， neither...nor...。 ★表并列关系时，and/or区分：肯定句用and，否定句用or。如： I can read and write./I can’t read or write. ②并列词组的常见用法 both...and... 当连接两个并列结构作主语时 “……和……”，谓语动词用复数： Both Tom and I like the movie. not only...but also... “不但……而且……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Not only he but also I am interested in the movie. either...or... “要么……要么”“或者……或者”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Either you or she is going there tomorrow. neither...nor... “既不……也不……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Neither Tom nor I am going there tomorrow. 1．The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year. A．when B．if C．so D．but 2．—Ye Jiaying, the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us on November 24th, 2024. —That’s sad, ________ her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems. A．so B．but C．if D．when 3．I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 4．—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 5．—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but · 思路点拨： 1. 句意：庐山山顶的景色令人惊叹，所以每年都吸引了许多游客。考查连词辨析。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；so所以，表因果关系；but但是，表转折关系。根据“The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing...it draws many tourists every year.”可知，句中表述庐山山顶景色令人惊叹，“因此”每年吸引很多游客，前后是因果关系。故选C。 2. 句意：——中国古典诗词之女叶嘉莹于2024年11月24日离我们而去。——这很令人难过，但她的著作和思想将继续影响着热爱中国诗词的人们 。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；if如果；when当……时候。根据“the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us”和“her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems”可知，前后句存在转折关系。故选B。 3. 句意：我昨晚睡得很早，所以今天感觉很好。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者，否则；but但是；for为了。结合语境及前后句“I went to bed early last night…I feel great today.”可知，前后句表示因果关系，应用so表示结果。故选A。 4. 句意：——不要成为低头族。科技对我们帮助很大，但是我们不应该让它控制我们的生活。——我们应该多参加户外活动来保持健康。考查连词辨析。until直到……为止；because因为；unless除非，如果不；but但是。分析句子结构可知，“Technology helps us a lot”与“we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives”是转折关系，应用but连接句子。故选D。 5. 句意：——你愿意来参加我的聚会吗？——我很愿意，但是我有很多作业要做。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；and和；but但是。根据“I’d love to, ... I have lots of homework to do.”可知前后为转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。 · 答案1. C 2. B 3.A 4.D 5.D 1．（23-24八年级下·北京顺义·期末）—Lucy, is your aunt a teacher? —Yes, she is. She ________ English in this school for nearly 20 years. A．teaches B．is teaching C．has taught D．will teach 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Lucy，你的姑姑是老师吗？——是的，她是。她在这所学校教英语将近20年了。 考查动词的时态。根据“for nearly 20 years”可知，表示动作的持续，应使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+done，主语为She，助动词用has。故选C。 2．（23-24八年级下·福建厦门·期末）—May I speak to Mr.Lin? —Sorry, he __________ Hangzhou. He __________ back in a week A．has been to, came B．has been in, comes C．has gone to, will come 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我可以和林先生讲话吗？——对不起，他去杭州了。他一个礼拜后就回来了。 考查现在完成时和一般将来时。have been to，去过某地且已经回来，came来，过去式；have been in，在某地住了一段时间，comes第三人称单数形式；have gone to，去了某地但未回来，will come，将来时形式。in+一段时间表示将来。根据句意选项C符合语境。故选C。 3．（23-24八年级下·广西河池·期末）It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016. A．haven’t seen B．don’t see C．didn’t see 【答案】A 【详解】句意：很高兴再次见到你。我们从2016年就没见过面了。 考查现在完成时。根据“since 2016”可知，该句使用现在完成时，主语是We，结构是have done。故选A。 4．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末）So far, I ________ a letter from my friend in Moscow. A．don’t get B．didn’t get C．haven’t got 【答案】C 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我还没有收到莫斯科朋友的来信。考查时态。根据“So far”可知，该句为现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为I，助动词用have，否定形式为haven’t，故选C。 5．（23-24八年级下·江西吉安·期末）一I hear your father _______ to Japan once. 一Yes. He ________ there a year ago. A．went; has been B．has been; went C．goes; went D．has been; has been 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我听说你父亲曾经去过日本。——是的。他一年前去了那里。 考查动词时态。根据“once”可知，时态使用现在完成时，空格处填has been，表示曾去过日本；根据“a year ago”可知，表示发生在过去的动作，用一般过去时，go的过去式为went。故选B。 6．（23-24八年级下·甘肃平凉·期末）Mary ______ reading the book last week and she ______ 50 pages so far. A．has started; finished B．has started; has finished C．started; has finished D．started; finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽上周开始读这本书，到目前为止她已经读完了50页。考查动词时态。根据“last week”可知，第一空时态用一般过去时；根据“so far”可知，第二空时态是现在完成时（have/has done）。故选C。 7．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）—Have you ________ to Paris? —Yes, I ________ there last month A．gone; went B．went; gone C．been; went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你去过巴黎吗？——去过，我上个月去了那里。考查现在完成时和一般过去时。have gone to去了某地；have been to曾经去过某地；went去，go的过去式。根据“Have you…to Paris?”可知此处询问是否去过巴黎，用have been to表示“曾经去过某地”；根据“last month”可知该句应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故选C。 8．（2025·安徽合肥·模拟预测）—I’m trying to learn painting, but it’s not easy. —Don’t give up! Each try teaches you ______, like color mixing. It’ll get better! A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我在努力学画画，但这并不容易。——别放弃！每一次尝试都能教会你一些东西，比如调色。情况会变好的！ 考查不定代词辨析。something某事；everything每件事；anything任何事物；nothing没有什么。根据“Each try teaches you…like color mixing.”可知，根据不同颜色的占比可以调出不同的颜色，每次尝试能教会你一些东西。故选A。 9．（2025·安徽蚌埠·模拟预测）With a strong will, ________ can stop him from completing the running competition. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有了坚强的意志，没有什么能阻止他完成跑步比赛。 考查代词辨析。everything任何事；nothing没有事情；something一些事；anything任何事。根据“With a strong will, ... can stop him from completing the running competition.”可知，此处表达他意志坚定，没有什么事情可以阻止他完成跑步比赛。故选B。 10．（2025·黑龙江绥化·三模）I can’t help you now. Ask ________ to help you. A．somebody other B．else somebody C．somebody else 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我现在没办法帮你。去叫其他人来帮你吧。考查复合不定代词。somebody某人；other其他的；else其他的。根据“to help you”可知，此处表示找其他的人来帮你，else意为“其他的，别的”，修饰不定代词somebody时后置 ，表示“其他人”；other通常用来修饰名词，且置于名词前。故选C。 11．（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—What would you like to eat, Tommy? —________ you can get. Hurry, I can eat a horse now. A．Something B．Everything C．Anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Tommy，你想吃什么？——任何你能拿到的。快点，我现在饿极了。 考查代词辨析。Something某物；Everything每样东西；Anything任何东西。根据“Hurry, I can eat a horse now”可知Tommy非常饿，不挑食，任何食物都可以。故选C。 12．（2025·上海金山·三模）As a foreigner, she felt so lonely that she could find ________ to talk with. A．nobody B．everybody C．anybody D．somebody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：作为一个外国人，她感到孤独，找不到任何人交谈。 考查不定代词用法。nobody没有人；everybody每个人；anybody任何人；somebody某人。根据“As a foreigner, she felt so lonely that she could find... to talk with.”可知，她感到孤独，找不到人交谈。故选A。 13．（2025·山东淄博·二模）—Who helped you with your English? —________! I learned it all by myself. A．Nobody B．Anybody C．Somebody D．Everybody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——谁帮你学英语的？——没有人！我是自己学的。考查复合不定代词。Nobody没有人；Anybody任何人；Somebody有些人；Everybody每个人。根据答语中“I learned it all by myself.”可知，“没有人”教我学英语。此空应填Nobody，故选A。 14．（2025·江苏·二模）—Fan Zhendong is highly praised to have a gift for table tennis. —In fact, ________ was born good at anything without enough practice. A．nobody B．everybody C．somebody D．anybody 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——樊振东被称赞有打乒乓球的天赋。——事实上，如果没有足够的练习，没有人天生擅长任何事情。考查代词辨析。nobody没有人；everybody每个人；somebody某人；anybody任何人。根据“In fact, …was born good at anything without enough practice.”可知，此处是指没有足够的练习，没有人天生擅长任何事情。故选A。 15．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—You look tired. What did you do last weekend? —________ much. I think I just need a break. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你看起来很累。上周末你做了什么？——没什么。我想我只是需要休息一下。 考查不定代词。Nothing没什么；Anything任何东西；Something某事；Everything一切。根据“I think I just need a break.”可知，我上周末没做什么事。故选A。 16．（2025·湖北武汉·模拟预测）—Our classroom is so clean. Who cleaned it, Tom? —Sorry, I don’t know. I think ________ did it before class. A．somebody B．nobody C．everyone D．anyone 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们的教室真干净。汤姆，是谁打扫的呀？ ——抱歉，我不知道。我想是有人在课前打扫的。考查复合不定代词。somebody某个人；nobody没有人；everyone每个人；anyone任何人。根据“Sorry, I don’t know.”可知，此处表示不确定的某个人。故选A。 17．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）—I can’t see ________ there. What about you, Paul? —I can see nothing either. A．nothing strange B．something strange C．anything strange D．strange anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我在那没看见什么奇怪的东西。你呢，Paul？——我也没看见。考查复合不定代词的用法。nothing什么都没有；something某物；anything任何东西。根据答句“I can see nothing either.”可知此句表示没看见奇怪的东西，句中有“not”，应用“anything”，not anything=nothing，排除选项A和B；“strange”修饰复合不定代词，应后置。故选C。 18．（2025·四川广元·模拟预测）—I’m worried I can’t finish the project on time. It seems too hard. —Don’t give up! The proverb says “______ is impossible to a willing mind.” Just try your best. A．nothing B．something C．anything D．everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我担心不能按时完成这个项目。它似乎太难了。——别放弃！谚语说：“世上无难事，只怕有心人。” 尽力就好。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；something某事；anything任何事物；everything每件事。Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.是一句常见谚语，意思是“世上无难事，只怕有心人”，用来鼓励对方不要因困难而放弃。故选A。 19．（2025·海南省直辖县级单位·三模）—There was a traffic accident on my way home. —That’s terrible. ________ is more important than safety. A．Anything B．Something C．Nothing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——在我回家的路上发生了交通事故。——这太糟糕了。没有什么比安全更重要。 考查不定代词。Anything任何事；Something某事；Nothing没有什么。根据“...is more important than safety”可知，没有什么比安全更重要。故选C。 20．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）—Never tell the strangers ________ personal by WeChat or QQ. —OK. I’ll keep it in mind. A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——永远不要通过微信或QQ告诉陌生人任何私人信息。——好的。我会牢记的。 考查不定代词词义辨析。something某事，某物，常用于肯定句；everything每件事，所有事物；anything任何事物，常用于否定句和疑问句；nothing没有什么。此句是否定句，结合语境是说不要告诉陌生人任何私人信息，所以用anything。故选C。 21．（2025·江苏无锡·二模）—Are you still in the office? It’s almost eleven o’clock. —Yeah, I haven’t finished my work. But don’t worry. There’s ________ much left. A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你还在办公室吗？都快十一点了。——是啊，我还没完成工作。不过别担心。没剩多少了。考查代词辨析。something某事；anything任何事；nothing没什么；everything一切。根据语境可知，回答者表示工作快完成了，因此空格处需表达“所剩不多”的含义，There’s nothing much left可以表示“没剩多少了”。故选C。 22．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The guests thought the manager didn’t do ________ to improve the service of the hotel. A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 【答案】D 【详解】句意：客人认为经理未采取任何措施改进酒店服务。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；something某事/某物，常用于肯定句；everything每件事；anything任何事，常用于否定句或疑问句中。根据句中“didn’t do”可知此句为否定句，结合语境，此处指的是“没有采取任何措施”，所以用anything。故选D。 23．（22-23九年级上·河北张家口·期末）Hold a meeting to have a good talk, ________ we won’t reach an agreement. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：开个会好好谈谈，否则我们不会达成一致。考查连词辨析。and和；but但是；or否则；so所以。根据“Hold a meeting to have a good talk…we won’t reach an agreement.”可知，此句为“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，or意为“否则，不然”，故选C。 24．（22-23九年级上·河北保定·期末）The movie starts at two o’clock, ________ let’s meet at the theater at one forty-five. A．so B．or C．if D．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：电影2:00开始，所以我们在电影院1:45见面吧。考查连词辨析。so因此；or或者；if如果；because因为。根据“let’s meet at the theater at one forty-five.”可知此结论是根据上句作出的，用so引导，故选A。 25．（22-23九年级上·山东威海·期末）Mr. Smith has helped me a lot, so I’m thankful to him. 此句为________。 A．简单句 B．并列句 C．主从复合句 【答案】B 【详解】句意：史密斯先生帮了我很多，所以我感谢他。此句为并列句。考查句子结构。根据“Mr. Smith has helped me a lot, so I’m thankful to him.”可知，句子为简单句“Mr. Smith has helped me a lot”+表结果的并列连词so+简单句“I’m thankful to him”，由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子为并列句。故选B。 26．Mike， don't be afraid to make mistakes， _________ you'll never make progress． A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意"迈克，不要害怕犯错误，否则你就永远不会有进步"。or否则，连接并列句，but但是，连接转折关系的并列句，and和，连接顺承关系的并列句，so所以，连接因果关系的并列句；结合句意可知，译为"否则"，故选B。 27．We can enjoy the books in the reading room, we can't take them out. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们可以在阅览室舒心地阅读，但是我们不能将书带走。A. and 并且，表示并列关系；B. but 但是，表示转折关系；C. or 或者，表示选择关系；D. so因此，所以，表示因果关系。逗号前面叙述的是喜欢在阅览室读书，逗号后面是不能做的事情，由句意和语境可知，前后为转折关系。故选B。 28．I didn't know anyone at the party, I felt a bit lonely. A．or B．so C．and D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这个晚会上，我不认识任何人，所以我感到有点儿孤独。A. or 或者，表示选择关系； B. so 因此，所以。表示因果关系； C. and 并且，表示并列关系；D. but但是，表示转折关系。“不认识任何人”是原因，“感到有点儿孤独”是结果，故选B。 29．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期中）—Have you visited Russia, Lilian? —Yes, I ________ there for two weeks. A．studied B．was studying C．have studied D．studies 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你去过俄罗斯吗，Lilian？ ——去过，我在那里学习了两个星期。 考查时态。studied，一般过去时；was studying，过去进行时；have studied，现在完成时；studies，一般现在时。根据问句可知，Lilian在俄罗斯学习这件事已发生且已结束，则需用一般过去时，故选A。 30．（21-22八年级下·江苏无锡·期中）—________ you ________ the film before, Lily? —Yes. I ________ it online the other day. A．Have; seen; have seen B．Did; see; saw C．Have; seen; saw D．Did; see; have seen 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你之前看过这部电影吗，丽丽？——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。 考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”，用现在完成时，表示动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响；答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”，表明动作发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选C。 31．（23-24九年级上·福建泉州·期中）— Have you ever been to Beijing? — Yes, I ________ there last month. A．have been B．have gone C．went 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你曾经去过北京吗？——是的，我上个月去过那里。考查句子时态辨析。have been去过某地，现在完成时；have gone去了某地，现在完成时；went去，一般过去时。根据“last month”可知句子时态为一般过去时，故选C。 32．（2025·北京顺义·二模）Mike ________ a lot about Chinese culture since he began to study in our school. A．learns B．learned C．has learned D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从迈克开始在我们学校学习以来，他学到了很多关于中国文化的知识。考查时态。根据“since he began to study in our school”可知，此处表示从过去某一时间点持续到现在的动作，主句时态应用现在完成时。故选C。 33．（2025·北京朝阳·一模）Jim ________ Chinese painting for 2 years, so he is pretty good at it now. A．is learning B．will learn C．was learning D．has learned 【答案】D 【详解】句意：吉姆学习中国画已经两年了，所以他现在很擅长。 考查现在完成时。根据“for 2 years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续下去，强调对现在的影响（擅长绘画），需用现在完成时，主语Jim是第三人称单数，所以用has learned。故选D。 34．（24-25九年级下·山东东营·期中）Many hands make light work. ________ will be achieved unless we work together. A．Nothing B．Anything C．Something D．Everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：人多好办事。除非我们共同努力，否则将一事无成。 考查代词辨析。Nothing没有什么；Anything任何事情；Something某些事情；Everything所有事情。根据“will be achieved unless we work together.”可知，指的是如果合作不好，就没有什么事能够完成，nothing符合语境。故选A。 35．（2025·福建泉州·模拟预测）—Betty looks sad. Shall we do ________ to cheer her up? —Good idea. Let’s tell her some jokes first. A．nothing B．something C．anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——贝蒂看起来很伤心。我们做点什么让她高兴起来好吗？——好主意。咱们先给她讲些笑话吧。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；something某物；anything任何事物。“something”意为“某事、某物”，常用于肯定句，但在表示请求、建议，希望得到对方肯定回答的疑问句中也常用。此句是提出让贝蒂开心起来的建议，用“something”符合语境。故选B。 36．（2025·安徽合肥·三模）—Each of you has ________ that you’re good at, and your friends have theirs. —I agree. We should learn from each other. A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们每个人都有自己擅长的东西，而你们的朋友也有他们擅长的。——我同意。我们应该互相学习。考查不定代词辨析。everything每件事，所有事物；nothing没有什么，没有一件东西；something某事，某物，一般用于肯定句中；anything任何事物，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知，此处是在说每个人都有自己擅长的东西，且句子为肯定句，所以应该用something。故选C。 37．（2025·江苏宿迁·三模）—It’s really a pity that I missed getting a full mark in the English spelling bee. —Take it easy! You should remember that there is ________ perfect in the world. A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——真遗憾，我错过了英语拼写比赛的满分。——别太在意！你应该记住，世界上没有什么是完美的。考查不定代词辨析。something某事/某物；anything任何事/任何东西（常用于否定句或疑问句）；everything一切/所有事物；nothing无事/无物。根据“Take it easy! You should remember that there is...perfect in the world”可知“世界上没有什么是完美的”，此处需用否定含义的代词，且“there is nothing perfect”为固定表达，强调“不存在完美的事物”。故选D。 38．（2025·安徽合肥·二模）—Who failed the maths test this time? —________. That’s because all of us work harder than before. A．Anybody B．Somebody C．Everybody D．Nobody 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——这次谁数学考试没及格？——没有人。那是因为我们所有人都比以前更努力了。考查代词辨析。Anybody任何人；Somebody某人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据“That’s because all of us work harder than before.”可知，大家都比以前更努力了，所以没有人不及格。故选D。 39．（2025·江西抚州·模拟预测）The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing, ________ it draws many tourists every year. A．when B．if C．so D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：庐山山顶的景色令人惊叹，所以每年都吸引了许多游客。考查连词辨析。when当……时候，引导时间状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；so所以，表因果关系；but但是，表转折关系。根据“The view from the top of Mount Lu is amazing...it draws many tourists every year.”可知，句中表述庐山山顶景色令人惊叹，“因此”每年吸引很多游客，前后是因果关系。故选C。 40．（2025·甘肃·模拟预测）—Ye Jiaying, the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us on November 24th, 2024. —That’s sad, ________ her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems. A．so B．but C．if D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——中国古典诗词之女叶嘉莹于2024年11月24日离我们而去。——这很令人难过，但她的著作和思想将继续影响着热爱中国诗词的人们 。 考查连词辨析。so所以；but但是；if如果；when当……时候。根据“the daughter of Chinese classical poetry, left us”和“her books and thoughts will continue influencing people who love Chinese poems”可知，前后句存在转折关系。故选B。 41．（2025·北京西城·一模）I went to bed early last night, ______ I feel great today. A．so B．or C．but D．for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我昨晚睡得很早，所以今天感觉很好。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者，否则；but但是；for为了。结合语境及前后句“I went to bed early last night…I feel great today.”可知，前后句表示因果关系，应用so表示结果。故选A。 42．（2025·云南昆明·模拟预测）—Don’t be a phubber (低头族). Technology helps us a lot, ________ we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. —We should take more activities outside to keep healthy. A．until B．because C．unless D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——不要成为低头族。科技对我们帮助很大，但是我们不应该让它控制我们的生活。——我们应该多参加户外活动来保持健康。考查连词辨析。until直到……为止；because因为；unless除非，如果不；but但是。分析句子结构可知，“Technology helps us a lot”与“we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives”是转折关系，应用but连接句子。故选D。 43．（2024·北京大兴·二模）—Would you like to come to my party? —I’d love to, ________ I have lots of homework to do. A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你愿意来参加我的聚会吗？——我很愿意，但是我有很多作业要做。考查连词辨析。so所以；or或者；and和；but但是。根据“I’d love to, ... I have lots of homework to do.”可知前后为转折关系，应用but连接，故选D。 真题感知 1．（2024·北京·中考真题）—Hi, Mike! Would you like to go boating with me? —Yes, I’d love to, ________ I have to finish my science project first. A．and B．or C．but D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，Mike！你愿意和我一起去划船吗？——是的，我愿意，但是我必须先完成我的科学项目。考查连词辨析。and和，表并列；or或者，表选择；but但是，表转折；for因为，表原因。根据“Yes, I’d love to”和“I have to finish my science project first”可知，前后为转折关系，故选C。 2．（2024·甘肃甘南·中考真题）—Where is your uncle? —He ________ America and he will stay in New York for two weeks. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的叔叔在哪里？——他去了美国，他将在纽约待两个星期。考查has gone to与has been to的用法。has been to去过某地，已经回来了；has gone to到某地去了，还没有回来；has been in一直在某地。根据“Where is your uncle”可知，下文应回答他去美国了，用has gone to。故选B。 3．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）—The best things in life are free. —Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ______, but we can’t live without it. A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——生命中最美好的东西都是免费的。——完全同意。空气不花钱，但我们离不开它。考查代词辨析。something某事物；nothing没有什么；anything任何事物；everything每件事物。根据“The best things in life are free.”和“Air costs ..., but we can’t live without it.”可知，空气不花钱，是免费的，故选B。 4．（2024·四川达州·中考真题）—Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Dazhou last month? —Of course. I bought some Dengying Beef for my parents. A．anything special B．special anything C．something special 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——蒂娜，你上个月去达州的时候买了什么特别的东西吗？——当然。我给父母买了一些灯影牛肉。考查复合不定代词。anything任何事情，用于否定句或疑问句中；something某事，用于肯定句中。“did you buy…”是一般疑问句，应用anything。形容词修饰复合不定代词时应后置，即anything special。故选A。 5．（2024·山东滨州·中考真题）—I heard that people in Paris stood in a long line to buy Chinese xiaolongbao. —Yes, _________ could say no to it there. A．everybody B．nobody C．somebody D．anybody 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我听说巴黎的人们排着长队买中国的小笼包。——是的，那里没有人能拒绝它。考查代词辨析。everybody每个人；nobody没有人；somebody某人；anybody任何人。根据“people in Paris stood in a long line”可知，巴黎的人们排长队买小笼包，故可知没有人能够拒绝小笼包。故选B。 6．（2024·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）The light went out suddenly. It was very dark and ________ could be seen clearly. A．anything B．something C．nothing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：灯突然熄灭了。天很黑，什么也看不清楚。考查复合不定代词。anything任何东西；something某样东西；nothing没什么。根据“The light went out suddenly”及“It was very dark”可知，太黑了，什么也看不清楚，故选C。 7．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Tommy, is there____________ in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P. E. lesson on the playground. A．everybody B．somebody C．anybody D．nobody 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤米，现在教室里有人吗？——没有。所有的学生都在操场上上体育课。考查代词辨析。everybody所有人；somebody某人，一般用于肯定句中；anybody任何人，一般用于否定句或疑问句中；nobody没有人。此处是一般疑问句，询问教室里是否有人，应用anybody。故选C。 8．（2024·吉林·中考真题）Running is getting popular. It is good for our health and it costs _________. A．nothing B．everything C．anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：跑步越来越受欢迎。它对我们的健康有益，而且不花费什么钱。考查代词辨析。nothing没有什么；everything一切；anything任何事情。根据常识可知，跑步并不花费什么钱。故选A。 9．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）We’re looking for ________ who can deal with the new computer virus. A．someone B．everyone C．something D．everything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们在找一个能对付这种新型电脑病毒的人。考查代词辨析。someone某人；everyone每个人；something某事；everything每件事。根据“We’re looking for...who can deal with the new computer virus.”可知，找一个能对付这种新型电脑病毒的人，用someone，故选A。 提升专练 一、语法选择 （23-24九年级上·广东中山·期中） 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题3个选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 Mike has been called “father of migratory bird (候鸟)”. He 1 care of birds for the past 15 years at the National Nature Reserve (保护区). Mike started working at 2 reserve in 2007. He helps and takes care of migratory birds there. The work is harder in winter 3 the temperature falls to about -35 C． Usually he looks after the birdhouse alone during winter. His co-workers (同事) arrive 4 him from early summer to autumn. Mike also cares for wounded birds. They are usually 5 wounded because of accidents or being attacked by other birds. Some of them 6 by local villagers and sent to the reserve. He looks after 7 with great care. Every time he feels pleased to see 8 the birds have the ability to fly again. His job is meaningful not only to himself, but to the birds, who may die 9 the necessary help. Because of his work, he has had many 10 and knowledge about birds. It’s also lovely to hear the wonderful birdsong every morning. 1．A．takes B．took C．has taken 2．A．a B．an C．the 3．A．when B．though C．so 4．A．help B．helped C．to help 5．A．badly B．worse C．worst 6．A．found B．are found C．will be found 7．A．they B．them C．themselves 8．A．that B．how C．whether 9．A．from B．without C．for 10．A．experience B．experiences C．experiences’ 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了Mike在鸟类保护区工作的经历。 1．句意：在过去的15年里，他一直在国家自然保护区照顾鸟类。 takes拿，第三人称单数形式；took拿，过去式；has taken拿，现在完成时。根据“for the past 15 years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时。故选C。 2．句意：Mike于2007年开始在保护区工作。 a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词表特指。空处指上文提到的“the National Nature Reserve”，表示特指用定冠词the。故选C。 3．句意：冬天气温降至-35摄氏度左右时这项工作更难。 when当……时候；though尽管；so因此。根据“The work is harder in winter...the temperature falls to about -35 C.”可知，此处应用when引导时间状语从句。故选A。 4．句意：从初夏到秋天他的同事们都会来帮助他。 help帮助，动词原形；helped帮助，过去式；to help帮助，动词不定式。根据“His co-workers (同事) arrive...him”可知，此处用不定式表示目的。故选C。 5．句意：它们通常因事故或被其它鸟类袭击而受重伤。 badly严重地，副词；worse更糟糕的；worst最糟糕的。空处修饰动词wound用副词原级。故选A。 6．句意：其中一些被当地村民发现并送往保护区。 found发现，过去式；are found被发现，一般现在时被动语态；will be found被发现，一般将来时被动语态。主语them与found之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据are可知，时态为一般现在时。故选B。 7．句意：他非常细心地照顾它们。 they它们，主格；them它们，宾格；themselves它们自己，反身代词。动词短语look after后面用宾格形式。故选B。 8．句意：每次看到鸟儿有能力再次飞翔他都很高兴。 that宾语从句连接词，无实义；how怎样；whether是否。根据“Every time he feels pleased to see...the birds have the ability to fly again.”可知，此处缺少宾语从句连接词，且在句中不作任何成分，用that连接。故选A。 9．句意：他的工作不仅对他自己有意义，而且对鸟类也有意义，如果没有必要的帮助它们可能会死去。 from来自；without没有；for为了。根据“who may die”可知，是没有帮助的话会死去，用介词without。故选B。 10．句意：由于他的工作，他对鸟类有很多经验和知识。 experience经验；experiences经历，复数；experiences’经验，所有格。根据“he has had many...and knowledge”可知，此处表示经验，不可数名词。故选A。 （23-24九年级上·重庆沙坪坝·期末） One morning, while we were fishing, we heard 11 loud noise. “What was that?’ I asked. “Oh, don’t worry, Ryan. It might be a turtle (海龟) 12 under the boat,” said Dad. Derek and I looked around the boat, but we couldn’t see 13 . Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal. “Look, Dad, there it is!” shouted Derek. It was a sea turtle and it couldn’t swim well. “Let’s go closer and see what’s wrong 14 it.” Dad said. 15 we got closer, we saw that there was a piece of plastic around the turtle’s legs. “Let’s help it.” I said. So Dad jumped into the water, swam to the turtle and brought it back to the 16 . “There you go, little turtle. Now you can swim to 17 family.” Dad said as he cut the plastic 18 . Then Derek and I put it back in the water. “I know 19 do. We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach,” I said. “I’ll help, too.” said Derek. “Great idea, boys. If we don’t do anything to stop sea pollution, these sea animals 20 . ” 11．A．the B．a C．an 12．A．to swim B．swimming C．swims 13．A．anything B．something C．nothing 14．A．about B．of C．with 15．A．When B．If C．While 16．A．plastic B．turtle C．boat 17．A．his B．your C．its 18．A．up B．down C．off 19．A．what should we B．what we should C．how we should 20．A．will die B．die C．are dead 【答案】 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．C 17．B 18．C 19．B 20．A 【导语】本文主要讲述作者和家人钓鱼时，看到一只海龟的腿被塑料缠住了而无法游泳，作者和家人帮助乌龟重新回归大海，并想出了在海边做一个“禁止往海里扔垃圾”的标志。 11．句意：一天早上，当我们钓鱼时，我们听到一声巨响。 the定冠词，表特指；a不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据句意可知，此处表泛指，应用不定冠词；根据空后的“loud”是以辅音音素开头的单词可知，此处应用不定冠词a。故选B。 12．句意：“哦，别担心，瑞恩。可能是一只乌龟在船下游泳，”爸爸说。 to swim游泳，不定式；swimming现在分词；swims三单。根据上文“One morning, while we were fishing, we heard…loud noise. ‘What was that?’ I asked.”可知，此处指正在进行的动作。故选B。 13．句意：德里克和我环视了一下船，但什么也看不见。 anything任何事情；something某物；nothing没有什么。空处所在句为否定句，可排除B项和C项；根据下文“Then we heard a different noise, which sounded like an animal.”可知，此处指什么也看不见。故选A。 14．句意：让我们走近一点，看看它出了什么问题。 about关于；of……的；with和。what’s wrong with…“……出了什么问题”，固定句式。故选C。 15．句意：当我们走近时，我们看到乌龟的腿缠着一块塑料。 When当……时候；If如果；While当……时候。根据句意可知，此处表示主从句动作同时发生；根据主从句谓语为瞬间动词可知，此处when符合。故选A。 16．句意：于是爸爸跳进水里，游到乌龟身边，把它带回船上。 plastic塑料；turtle乌龟；boat船。根据上文“It might be a turtle (海龟)…under the boat”以及“ Derek and I looked around the boat”可知，此处指把乌龟带回船上。故选C。 17．句意：现在你可以游到你的家人身边了。 his他的；your你（们）的；its它的。根据主语“you”可知，此处指你的家人身边。故选B。 18．句意：爸爸一边说一边把塑料剪掉。 up向上；down向下；off从……移开，从……脱离。根据上文“we saw that there was a piece of plastic around the turtle’s legs”可知，此处指把塑料剪掉。故选C。 19．句意：我知道我们应该做什么。 what should we我们应该做什么；what we should 我们应该做什么；how we should我们应该如何。分析句子结构可知，空处所在句为宾语从句，从句为陈述语序，可排除A项；根据下文“We should make a sign about not throwing rubbish into the sea, and put it in the sand on the beach”可知，此处指我们应该采取什么措施。故选B。 20．句意：如果我们不采取任何措施来阻止海洋污染，这些海洋动物就会死亡。 will die一般将来时；die一般现在时；are dead一般现在时。if条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，所以主句时态用一般将来时。故选A。 二、短文填空 （23-24九年级上·浙江宁波·期中） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式 (最多限填三个单词) 填空。 Mount Emei is well-known for its plants and animals. Every year, 21 (visit) from all over the country and even abroad come to visit it. It 22 (become) one of the most popular sights in Sichuan Province so far. Tourism brings a lot of businesses, jobs and money. If it’s cloudy, people can see many kinds of birds in the trees 23 (sing) and some rare animals like monkeys climbing up and down. Last Saturday, several of my friends and I went there by bus 24 (direct). Everyone is in a state of great excitement. After about 25 one-hour ride, we arrived there. To our surprise, some people paid little attention 26 protecting the environment. On the way to the top, plastic bags and bottles were 27 (throw) everywhere. We had to pick up the rubbish and put it into the dustbins. We were tired, 28 , we felt so proud of 29 we had done. I think we should protect Mount Emei from being polluted, or the pollution will keep the people away. Let’s take action to make Mount Emei 30 (beautiful) and cleaner from now on. 【答案】 21．visitors 22．has become 23．singing 24．directly 25．a 26．to 27．thrown 28．however 29．what 30．more beautiful 【导语】本文主要呼吁人们保护峨眉山的环境。 21．句意：每年，来自全国各地甚至国外的游客都来参观它。根据“come to visit it”可知，是游客来参观峨眉山，名词复数作主语，visitors“游客”符合句意，故填visitors。 22．句意：到目前为止，它已经成为四川省最受欢迎的景点之一。根据“so far.”可知，用现在完成时态have/has done，主语是it，has become符合句意，故填has become。 23．句意：如果天气多云，人们可以看到树上许多种鸟在唱歌，还有一些稀有动物，如猴子爬上爬下。根据“many kinds of birds”可知，与动词sing是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，singing符合句意，故填singing。 24．句意：上星期六，我和我的几个朋友直接乘公共汽车去那里。根据“went there”可知，副词修饰动词，directly“直接地”符合句意，故填directly。 25．句意：大约一个小时的车程后，我们到达了那里。根据“one-hour ride”可知，是辅音音素开头，a符合句意，故填a。 26．句意：令我们惊讶的是，有些人不注意保护环境。pay attention to“注意”，故填to。 27．句意：在通往山顶的路上，塑料袋和瓶子到处都是。根据“plastic bags and bottles were”可知，需要过去分词构成被动语态，thrown符合句意，故填thrown。 28．句意：我们很累，然而，我们为我们所做的感到骄傲。根据“We were tired”和“we felt so proud of ... we had done”可知，前后两句构成转折关系，且空格后有逗号，however“然而”符合语境。故填however。 29．句意：我们很累，然而，我们为我们所做的感到骄傲。根据“we had done”可知，done后面缺少宾语，what符合句意，故填what。 30．句意：让我们从现在开始行动起来，让峨眉山更美丽、更干净。根据“cleaner”可知，需要形容词比较级作宾语补足语，more beautiful符合句意，故填more beautiful。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$