2025年中考英语语法复习:祈使句 & 感叹句及专项练习

2025-06-13
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中考英语语法复习:祈使句 & 感叹句及专项练习 一、祈使句 (一)定义 祈使句是用来表示命令、请求、建议或劝告等的句子。这类句子的主语通常是第二人称 you,但常常被省略,谓语动词则用原形。例如:Open the door.(打开门。)实际上完整的表达可能是 You open the door. 但在祈使句中,常常省略主语 you。 (二)祈使句的类型 A. 肯定祈使句 1. 动词原形开头:这是最常见的肯定祈使句形式,直接用动词原形表达要求、命令等。例如:Come here quickly.(快点过来。)Stand up.(起立。)Read the text aloud.(大声朗读课文。) 2. Be 型:由 “Be + 形容词 / 名词” 构成,用来表达某种状态或身份要求。例如:Be careful.(小心。)Be quiet.(安静。)Be a good student.(做个好学生。) 3. Let 型:以 Let 开头,后面接第一人称(Let's = Let us)或第三人称代词或名词,表示建议或允许某人做某事。例如:Let's go shopping.(咱们去购物吧。)Let him try.(让他试试。)Let the children play outside.(让孩子们在外面玩。) 4. Do 型强调:在动词原形前加 Do 来强调祈使语气,表达一种强烈的感情或请求。例如:Do study hard.(一定要努力学习。)Do come to my party.(一定要来参加我的派对。)Do be on time.(务必准时。) B. 否定祈使句 1. Don't 型:在动词原形前加 Don't,表示 “不要做某事”。例如:Don't play games too much.(不要玩太多游戏。)Don't make noise in class.(不要在课堂上制造噪音。)Don't forget to bring your homework.(不要忘记带作业。) 1. Never 型:用 Never 开头,语气比 Don't 更强烈,意为 “绝不,千万不要”。例如:Never tell a lie.(绝不要说谎。)Never give up.(永远不要放弃。)Never be late again.(再也不要迟到了。) 1. Let 型否定:以 Let 开头的祈使句,其否定形式有两种。一种是在 Let's/Let us/Let me 后加 not,例如:Let's not waste time.(我们不要浪费时间。)Let him not go there alone.(别让他一个人去那儿。)另一种是用 Don't let... 结构,例如:Don't let the dog run around.(别让狗到处乱跑。)Don't let the children touch the dangerous things.(别让孩子们碰危险物品。) 1. No + 动名词 / 名词:这种结构常用于表示禁止、不允许,常见于公共场合的标识语等。例如:No smoking.(禁止吸烟。)No parking.(禁止停车。)No entry.(禁止入内。)No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。) (三)祈使句的强调形式 祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加 do。例如:Do be careful when you cross the road.(过马路时一定要小心。)Do listen to your teacher.(一定要听老师的话。)这种强调形式用来加强语气,突出说话者的情感或要求。 (四)祈使句的反意疑问句 1. 一般的祈使句(以行为动词原形开头的祈使句),反意疑问部分为肯定形式,多用 will you。例如:Open the window, will you?(打开窗户,好吗?)Come here, will you?(过来,好吗?)在肯定的祈使句后有时也用 won't you,表 “提醒对方注意” 或表 “邀请”。例如:Have a cup of tea, won't you?(喝杯茶,好吗?) 2. Let's 表示第一人称的祈使句,反意疑问句为 “Shall we”。例如:Let's go for a walk, shall we?(咱们去散步,好吗?) 3. Let me 和 Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句(活动内容不包括听话人),反意疑问句为 “will you”。例如:Let me have a look, will you?(让我看一看,好吗?)Let us go home now, will you?(让我们现在回家,好吗?) (五)祈使句用于两个重要句型中 1. “祈使句 + and + 表结果的陈述句”:用来叙述肯定的条件,and 表示顺承关系,相当于 if 引导的肯定条件状语从句。例如:Hurry up and you'll catch the train.(快点,你就能赶上火车。) = If you hurry up, you'll catch the train.(如果你快点,你就能赶上火车。)Work hard and you will succeed.(努力工作,你就会成功。) = If you work hard, you will succeed.(如果你努力工作,你就会成功。) 2. “祈使句 + or (else) + 表结果的陈述句”:用来叙述否定的条件,or (else) 表示 “否则;要不然”,相当于 if 引导的否定条件状语从句。例如:Hurry up, or you'll miss the train.(快点,否则你会错过火车。) = If you don't hurry up, you'll miss the train.(如果你不快点,你会错过火车。)Study hard, or else you won't pass the exam.(努力学习,否则你考试不会及格。) = If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exam.(如果你不努力学习,你考试不会及格。) (六)祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语 当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时,其常用结构为 “ask/request/tell/order sb (not) to do sth”。例如: · “Come here early,” the teacher said to me.(老师对我说:“早点来这儿。”)→ The teacher asked me to come here early.(老师让我早点来这儿。) · “Don't play with fire,” mother said to the children.(妈妈对孩子们说:“不要玩火。”)→ Mother told the children not to play with fire.(妈妈告诉孩子们不要玩火。) 二、感叹句 (一)定义 感叹句是表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子。感叹句句末通常用感叹号,一般用降调朗读。 (二)感叹句的结构 1. What 引导的感叹句 2. What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!:强调名词部分。例如:What a beautiful flower it is!(它是多么漂亮的一朵花啊!)What an interesting story he told!(他讲了一个多么有趣的故事啊!) 2. What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!:例如:What beautiful flowers they are!(它们是多么漂亮的花啊!)What clever students they are!(他们是多么聪明的学生啊!) 2. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!:例如:What bad weather it is!(多么糟糕的天气啊!)What delicious food we had!(我们吃了多么美味的食物啊!) 【注意】在感叹句中,有些不可数名词前有形容词修饰,使抽象名词具体化时,则要用 a/an。如:rain, storm, snow, surprise, breakfast, lunch, supper, time 等。例如:What a heavy rain it is!(多大的一场雨啊!)What a great surprise it is!(这是一个多么大的惊喜啊!) 2. How 引导的感叹句 · How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!:强调形容词或副词部分。例如:How beautiful the girl is!(这个女孩多么漂亮啊!)How fast he runs!(他跑得多么快啊!)How hard they work!(他们工作多么努力啊!) · How + 主语 + 动词 (+ 其他)!:此时 how 修饰动词,表示一种强烈的情感。例如:How I miss you!(我多么想念你啊!)How time flies!(时间过得真快啊!) · How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!:例如:How clever a boy he is!(他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊!)这种结构可以和 What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!结构进行转换,如:How clever a boy he is! = What a clever boy he is! (三)感叹句的省略形式 1. what 类感叹句省略形式:可以省略形容词或主语和谓语。例如:What a pity!(真遗憾!)这里省略了 it is。What fools!(多么愚蠢的人啊!)这里省略了 they are。 2. how 类感叹句的省略形式:可以省略句中的主语和谓语。例如:How wonderful!(太精彩了!)完整形式可能是 How wonderful it is! How fast!(多么快啊!)完整形式可能是 How fast he runs! (四)感叹句巧解五法(一找・二断・三辨・四确定) 1. “一找”:即先找出句中的主语。例如:What a lovely day it is! 句中的主语是 it。How hard the workers are working! 句中的主语是 the workers。 2. “二断”:就是在句中的名词(形容词、副词等)与代词(或名词)之间断开。比如 What a lovely day /it is! How hard /the workers are working! 3. “三辩”:即是断开后辨别断线前面的词的词性。如果前面是名词(包括名词短语),用 what;如果前面是形容词或副词,用 how。例如在 What a lovely day /it is! 中,a lovely day 是名词短语,所以用 what;在 How hard /the workers are working! 中,hard 是副词,所以用 how。 4. “四确定”:即确定是选用 how 还是 what。根据第三步的判断结果确定感叹句的引导词。 三、专项练习 (一)单项选择 1. —________ carefully, please! There is a school 500 meters ahead. —OK, I will. A. Drive B. Drives C. To drive 2. —Tom, ________ late for school again. —Sorry, I won't. A. isn't B. doesn't be C. don't be 3. —________ me some help, please. I can't carry the box. —Sure. I'm coming. A. Giving B. Give C. To give 4. —________ the rules in your school. —OK, we will. A. Follow B. Following C. To follow 5. —________ quiet in the library, everyone. —Sorry, we will. A. Keeping B. Keep C. To keep 6. —________ play football in the street. It's dangerous. —Sorry, we won't. A. Don't B. Not C. No 7. —________ let the little boy play with the knife. He may hurt himself. —OK, I won't. A. Not B. Don't C. No 8. —________ run so fast. It's not safe. —OK, I'll slow down. A. No B. Not C. Don't 9. —________ hard, and you will get good grades. —OK, I will try my best. A. Study B. Studying C. To study 10. —Hurry up, ________ you'll be late for school. —OK, I'm coming. A. and B. or C. but 11. —________ amazing the story is! —Yes, I like it very much. A. What B. What an C. How 12. —________ fine weather it is today! Let's go for a picnic. —Good idea. A. What B. What a C. How 13. —________ beautiful flowers they are! —Yes, they are. A. What B. What a C. How 14. —________ interesting movie it is! —I agree with you. A. What a B. What an C. How 15. —________ clever the boy is! He can solve the problem easily. —Yes, he is really smart. A. What B. What a C. How 16. —________ fast the boy runs! —He will be a good runner in the future. A. What B. What a C. How 17. —________ wonderful music it is! —Yes, it makes me relaxed after a busy day. A. What B. What a C. How 18. —________ good time we had at the party last night! —Yes, it was so much fun. A. What a B. What C. How 19. —________ useful advice you gave me! Thank you so much. —You're welcome. A. What a B. What C. How 20. —________ great fun they had playing basketball yesterday! —I'm glad to hear that. A. What B. What a C. How (二)用所给词的适当形式填空 1. ________ (be) careful when you cross the road. 2. ________ (not play) computer games too much. It's bad for your eyes. 3. Let's ________ (go) to the park this weekend. 4. ________ (read) the text aloud, please. 5. ________ (do) come to my birthday party tomorrow. 6. What ________ (a/an) interesting story it is! 7. How ________ (beauty) the girl looks in the new dress! 8. ________ (not forget) to turn off the lights when you leave the room. 9. Let him ________ (try) again. Maybe he can do it better. 10. ________ (be) a good student and study hard. (三)根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 请打开窗户。 ________ ________ the window. 2. 不要在课堂上讲话。 ________ ________ in class. 3. 咱们去打篮球吧。 ________ ________ basketball. 4. 一定要按时完成作业。 ________ ________ your homework on time. 5. 多么漂亮的女孩啊! ________ ________ ________ girl she is! 6. 多么好的天气啊! ________ ________ weather it is! 7. 他跑得多么快啊! ________ ________ he runs! 8. 不要让孩子们在马路上玩耍。 ________ ________ the children ________ on the road. 9. 快点,否则你会错过公交车。 ________ up, ________ you'll miss the bus. 10. 让我们不要放弃梦想。 Let's ________ ________ ________ our dreams. (四)句型转换 1. The girl is very lovely.(改为感叹句) ________ ________ lovely girl she is! ________ ________ the girl is! 2. It is a very interesting book.(改为感叹句) ________ ________ interesting book it is! ________ ________ the book is! 3. The students are working very hard.(改为感叹句) ________ ________ the students are working! 4. Don't run in the hallway.(改为反意疑问句) Don't run in the hallway, ________ ________? 5. Let's go to the zoo.(改为反意疑问句) Let's go to the zoo, ________ ________? 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $$

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2025年中考英语语法复习:祈使句 & 感叹句及专项练习
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2025年中考英语语法复习:祈使句 & 感叹句及专项练习
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2025年中考英语语法复习:祈使句 & 感叹句及专项练习
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