2025年外研版初中英语中考英语基础知识点整理

外研社版初中英语中考英语基础知识点整理 1.做主语的是名词(表示某人或某物) 2.主语后的是 be 或者动词两种: ①.主语+be ②.主语+动词 主语+be+动词原形(x) 3. 名词（表示某样东西) Be 形容词(表示怎么样的) 动词ing(进行时，正在做什么) 动词过去分词(表示被动，被怎么样) 4.形容词修饰名词，放名词后 (形容词)+名词：(怎么样的什么东西) ( red )apple (good)student 5.副词修饰动词，放在动词前或大多数在动词后 动词+(副词)：(怎么样地做某事) read (carefully) run ( fast) 副词=形容词+ly 6.make 使/stay 保持/keep 保持+形容词 7.有介词开头的短语叫介词短语(放句子末尾,先翻译): on the desk ; by bike ; at school ; on my opinion 8.有动词开头的短语叫动词短语(放主语后面): play football ; have dinner; go home 9. 有名词的短语叫名词短语: 冠词+名词:a book; an apple ;the teacher 冠词+(形容词)+名词:a lovely cat; an old woman; the great wall 10.连接两个句子的是连词，放在句子开头的是连词 (1).就近原则: 1)neither ...nor ..既不......也不... 2)not only... but also .. 不仅......而且......=both ..and ..和.....都怎么样 3)either...or... 或者...或者.....要么…, 要么.(两者选一个) Either is ok! 4)not... but .. 不是.....而是.. (2).and 和，并且(祈使句,and+表示好的结果的句子,study hard,and you willget good marks.). (3).but 但是, (4).or 或者，否则(祈使句，or+表示不好的结果的句子,study hard,or you willfail in the exam.), (5).however 然而 (6).after在....之后，before 在......之前, (7).when 当.….时候(短暂性动词用一般过去时，延续性动词用过去进行时) (8).while 当...时候，与此同时(前后都用过去进行时)， (9).as 作为，一边....-边… (10).until 直到......为止，not...until 直到....オ... ，t 直到… (11).since 自从(用在现在完成时)……, (12).as soon as -....就…(主将从现)，if如果(主将从现，主祈从现，主情从现)， (13).unless 除非, (14).because 因为，so 所以, (15).so that 为了、因此、以便 (16).although=though 尽管，虽然, (17).evenif 即使，尽管, (18).so+形容词+that...如此...以至于...such+名词+that... 如此..以至于... (19).than 比 (20).as+形容词或副词原形+as... …….和……-样怎么样，not as/so+形容词或副词原形+as... ….不如...怎么样 (21)....as well as... 同样地，也 (22).whenever 无论何时 whatever 无论什么 (23).if是否 whether...or not 是否 11.助动词(don't/dosen't/didn't)后面动词用原形 12.情态动词(may 可能/might 也许/can 能/could 可以/should 应该/must 必 须/mustn't禁止)后面动词用原形 13.有感叹号的是感叹句 ①What+形容词! ②How +名词! 动词结构 接ing 形式 1.keep doing sth. 坚持做某事 2.practise doing sth. 练习做某事 3.like/love doing sth. 喜欢做某事enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 be fond [fond]of doing sth. 喜欢做某事 4. avoid doing sth,避免做某事 5. be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事 be good at doing sth,擅长做某 6.look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事 7.spend . (in) doing sth. 花...做某事 8.keep sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 stop/prevent sb.(from)doing sth.阻止某人做某事 9.thank sb.for doing sth. 感谢某人做某事 10.mind doing sth. 介意做某事 11.can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 12.have difficulty/problem/trouble in doing sth. 做某事有困难 13.instead of doing sth. 代替做某事 14.pay attention to doing sth. 集中精力做某事 15.suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 16.lt's time for doing sth.到该做某事的时间了 lt's time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 17.be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 18.allow doing sth.允许做某事 19. put off doing sth.推迟做某事 20.succeed in doing sth.成功做某事 21.end up doing sth.以做某事结束 22. give up doing sth.放弃做某事 23.be worth doing sth 值得做某事 24.介司之后动词加 ing 介词: (of/about/for/in/from/with/without/after/before/by) 接 to do 形式 1.lt's time to do sth. 该是做某事的时候了 2.It takes sb.some time to do sth. 做某事花了某人时间 3.encourage/invite/ sb.to do sth. 鼓励/邀请某人做某事 4.lt's + adj.+ for sb.to do sth. 做某事对某人 lt's + adj.(形容词强调人品，如 nice/kind)+ of sb.to do sth. 某人做某事怎么样 5.decide/wish/to do sth.决定/希望做某事 6.prefer to do rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 7.can't wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事 8.be afraid/ready/able to do sth. 害怕/准备/能够做某事 9.refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 10.warn sb.(not) to do sth. 告诫某人做某事 11.pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 12.learn to do sth.学习做某事 13.need to do sth, 需要做某事 14.be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事 15.try to do sth. 努力做某事 try one's best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事 16.agree to do sth. 同意做某事 17.seem to do sth. 好像似乎做某事 18.plan to do sth /make a plan to do sth. 计划做菜事 19.in order to do sth. 为了做某事 20.have a chance to do sth,有机会做菜事 21.be able to do sth. 有能力做某事 be unable to do sth. 没有能力做某事 22.afford to do sth.支付得起做某事 23.be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 24.allow sb to do sth. 允许某人做某事 sb be allowed to do sth. 某人被允许做某事25.the next step is to do sth.下一步是做某事26.have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事27.the first thing is to do sth. 第一件事是做某事 28.it's best to do sth. 最好做某事 29.it's a good time to do sth. 这是做某事的最好时间 30. be sure to do sth.一定会做某事 31.order sb to do sth. 命令某人做某事 32.offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事 33 invite sb to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 34. expectsb.to do sth. 期望某人做某事 35.volunteer to do sth.志愿做某事 36.it's one's duty to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任 37.want to do sth 想要做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事 38.advise sb to do sth 建议某人做菜事 不带 to 的动词不定式 1.had better(not)do sth. 最好(不)做某事 2.let sb do sth. 让某人做某事 3.make sb.do sth. 使某人做某事 4.help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 5.情态动词(may/can/should/might/must/could)后面动词用原形 6.will 后面动词用原形 7.助动词(don’t/dosen't/didn't)后面动词用原形 8.to 后面动词用原形 接带 to 的动词不定式和 ing 形式意思完全不同: 1.stop to do sth. 停下来做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 2.forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(事情还没做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已经做了) 3.remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 (事情还没做) remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (事情已经做了) 4. go on to do sth, 继续做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事 感官动词后接不带 to 的动词不定式强调动作的整个过程;接现在分词强调动作正在进行。 1. hear sb do sth,/doing sth. 听见某人做某事/听见某人正在做某事 2. see sb do sth,/doing sth, 看见某人做某事/看见某人正在做某事 3. watch sb do sth./doing sth. 观察某人做某事/观察某人正在做某 4. notice sb do sth/doing sth.注意到某人做某事/注意某人正在做某事 反身代词固定搭配: dress oneself 自己穿衣 enjoy oneself 玩得开心 helponeself to 随便吃、随便用 hide oneself 把自己藏起来 talk/speak to oneself自言自语 teach oneself 自学 by oneself 独自地，单独地 词性转换 一、动词变名词 1.achieve达到目标achievement 成就 Advertise 为...做广告advertisement广告 agree同意agreement 同意 develop发展development 发展 disagree不同意-disagreement 不赞同 govern 统治-government 政府 2. discussion 讨论discuss 讨论 invent 发明invention 发明 suggest建议-suggestion 建议，暗示 operate动手术.operation 操作，动手术 pollute 污染pollution 污染 educate 教育--education 教育 decide 决定-decision 决定 3.appear 出现-- appearance 外貌 begin 开始-beginning 开端 -ending 结尾end结束，结局 train 训练-trainimng 训练 visit 参观，拜访-visitor 访问者 invent 发明一-inventor 发明家 3. 其他：weigh 称...…..的重量--weight 重量 truth 真柏true 真实的 width 宽度wide 宽的 三、名词/动词变形容词 1.difficulty 困难--difficult 困难的 health 健康--healthy 健康的 luck 运lucky Snowsnowy taste 味道- tasty 美味的 crowd 人群-crowded 拥挤的 organize 组织--organized 有组织的 pollute污染快polluted 被污染的 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$