内容正文:
假期作业7 MORALSANDVIRTUES
No.1 基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.写作句型练
(十三) 表语从句
表语从句在复合句中起表语作用,它位于
主句中的连系动词之后.
1.Hissuggestionis
thatweshouldhaveadiscussion
表语(从句)
abouttheproblem.
2.Theproblemis
whetherhewillistentoouradvice
表语(从句)
.
1.问题是他能否单独做这件事.
2.那是他考试不及格的原因.
3.小李不再是以前的样子了.
4.他想知道的是她应买哪件衣服.
5.让 我 们 困 扰 的 是 我 们 什 么 时 候 才 能 知
道细节.
Ⅱ.单词分类记
一、写作单词
1. /kəm̍pleIn/vi.&vt.抱怨;发牢骚
2. /̍skɒləʃIp/n.奖学金
3. /̍haIə(r)/vt.聘任;雇用;租用
n.租借;租用
4. /̩els̍weə(r)/adv.在别处;去别处
5. /̍pʌblIʃ/vt.发表(作品);出版
6. /rI̍pleIs/vt.接替;取代;更换
7. /̍æksIdənt/n.事故;车祸;失事
8. /̍tʃeəmən/n.主席;主持人
9. /̍inkʌm/n.收入;收益
10. /pə(r)/prep.每;每一
11. /̍ðeəfɔː(r)/adv.因此;所以
二、拓展单词
1.marriagen.结婚;婚姻→ v.(和某
人)结婚;嫁;娶
2. n.大部分;大多数→ adj.
主要的;重要的;大的v.主修
3. vt.&vi.回答;回复;做出反应;回
应→ n.反应;回答;回复
4. vt.拒绝接受;不录用→ n.
拒绝接受;否决
5. vt.任命;委派→ n.约会;约
定;任命
6. vt.选举;推选→ n.选举;推
选;当选
7. vi.&vt.退休;退职;退出→
n.退休;退出
8. n.节省物;节省;节约→savev.节
省;节约
9. adj.害怕的;对感到惊慌或恐
惧的→ vt.惊吓;使害怕vi.受惊吓
10. adj.(增长、下跌等)急剧的;锋利
的;明显的→ v.使锋利
11. adj.精力充沛的;充满活力的→
energyn.能量;体力
12. n.手术;企业;经营→operatev.操
作;经营;动手术
13.importn.进口;进口商品vt.进口;输入;引
进→ n.出口;出口商品vt.出口;输
出;传播
14. vt.帮助;援助→assistancen.帮助;
援助→ n.助手
15.harmn.&vt.伤害;损害→ adj.有
害的→ adj.无害的
Ⅲ.短语双向记
1. 帮助某人渡过难关
2. 易于做某事;往往会发生
某事
3. 去世
4. 作为对的纪念
5. 大量
92
6.intears
7.indespair
8.tripover
9.firstaid
10.moraldilemma
Ⅳ.经典句式记
1.the+序数词+todo
Shewas Chinesegirl in
space.
她是第一个在太空中飞行的中国姑娘.
2.v.Ging形式作主语
Forthegreatscientist,
hismotherlandishislifetimegoal.
对于这位伟大的科学家来说,为祖国做出贡
献是他的终生目标.
3.what引导宾语从句
Healwaysdoes tohelphis
classmates.
他总是做他能做的一切帮助他的同班同学.
4.neither...nor...既不;也不
she herfriendthought
aboutmovingthestoneoutoftheroad.
她和她的朋友都没想着把那块石头从路上
搬走.
5.inmemoryof为了纪念
Thislibrarywasbuilt the
scientist.
这个图书馆的建造是为了纪念那位科学家.
Ⅴ.写作句型采撷———寓言故事述评
TheStoneintheRoad
(是一个有关国王认为他的人民很懒
惰的寓言故事),soheputsalargestoneinthe
middleoftheroadandhidesgoldcoinsunder
thestone,waitingtoseeifanyonewiltryto
moveit.[故事介绍]
(作者利用此
故事给读者留下印象)theneedtotakeperG
sonalresponsibilityforproblems.
(故事成功达到其目的),because
ithadaclearmoral.However,itwasntasuitG
ableendingthatthekingawardedthegirlwho
movedawaythestone. (肩负
责任是我们的职责),butnotfortheaimofgaiG
ningawards.
Ina word,althoughIlikeit,Ithink
(有更好的
故事来激励人们去肩负起个人责任).[作者
评价]
No.2 基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Caringfortheelderlyisatraditional
(美德),whichwilcontributetoaharmoniG
oussociety.
2.Infact,manybigcompaniesinourcityare
hopingto (雇用)peoplelikeyou.
3.So (宝贵的)istimethatwecant
affordtowasteit.
4.They (抱怨)aboutthesizeoftheir
gasbil.
5.Elisisbeingexaminedbyher (内
科医生)atthemoment.
6.Aswealknow,respectingparentsisoneof
Chinastraditional (道德)values.
7.Usualypopularsciencebooksexplainbasic
(原则)ofnatureinasimpleandinG
terestingway.
8.Youcanapplyfor (奖学金)ofthe
universitywhereyoustudy.
9.His proposalthatthesystem should be
changedwas (拒绝).
10.Inagood (结婚),bothhusband
andwifeworkhardtosolveanyproblems.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Aboutfourhourslater,oneofherfriends,
Martha,responded herwithatext
message.
2.Iwontbeabletokeepmy (apG
point)todiscusstraditionalChinesepaintG
ingswithyou.
3.SofarIvereceivedtwoacceptancesandfour
(reject).
4. (elect)resultsflowedinthroughG
outthenight.
03
5.Youshouldhaveagoodrestbecausenothing
is (important)thanhealth.
6.Youshouldexercise moresoasto keep
(energy)andyoucan workeffiG
ciently.
7.WhatIfoundwasthata (major)of
studentsmadeful preparationsbeforenew
lessons.
8.LiHuaisthefirststudentinourschool
(win)suchagreatprizeinIMO
(奥数).
9.Iam writingtocomplain oneof
yourbusGdriversimproperandrudebehavG
iors.
10.Asnewminescomeonstream,Chilesshare
ofworldcopperoutputwilincrease
(sharp).
Ⅲ.用所给短语的正确形式填空
passaway;befaced with;carefor;carry...
through;drawaconclusion;getintotrouble;
lookinto;inmemoryof;intears;tendto
1.PrepareyourselfthoroughlyfortheperformG
ance;thentrustinyourtalentto
you .
2.ThesearethequestionsaltheundergraduG
ateswilhaveto .
3.PeopleinventedChinesechess the
battlebetweenLiuBangandXiangYu.
4.ThegreatscientistYuanLongping
onMay22nd,2021.
5.IlaskyouropinionsaboutwhatkindofperG
sonheisbefore .
6.Men putonweightintheirforties.
7.Weparentsshould ourchildrenand
sparetimetokeepthemcompany.
8.Thepolicehaspromisedusto the
case.Justwaitandsee.
9.Shelefttheroom soI went
afterher.
10.Ifyoudontlistentome,youarelikely
.
Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子
1.屠呦呦是第一位被授予诺贝尔医学奖的中国
科学家.(the+序数词+todo)
TuYouyouisthefirstChinesescientist
theNobelPrize
inMedicine.
2.抽烟对身体是非常有害的.(v.Ging作主语)
.
3.让我告诉你昨天发生了什么.(what引导宾
语从句)
Letmetelyou .
4.今天露茜和她弟弟都不在家.(neither...nor...)
athome
today.
5.作为老师,我应该对学生负责.(responsible)
Asateacher,Iamsupposedto
.
Ⅴ.基础语法练(v.Ging作状语和宾补)
单句语法填空(并在后面的括号内写出其成分:
状语/宾补)
1.Neverleavethewater (run)after
youfinishwashing. ( )
2. (read)aninterestingbook,heforG
gotthetimeforsupper. ( )
3.Thebosskepttheworkers (work)
thewholenight. ( )
4.Wejustheardagirl (cry)inthe
nextroom. ( )
5.Suddenlyheheardhisname (cal)
inthecrowdinthegreathal. ( )
6.ThehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmediG
calequipment, (alow)morepaG
tientstobetreated. ( )
13
No.3 素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Virtue,bydefinition,isthemoralexcelG
lenceofaperson.Moralyexcelentpeoplehave
acharactermadeupofvirtuesvaluedasgood.
Theyarehonest,respectful,courageous,forgivG
ingandkind,forexample.Theydotheright
thing,anddontbendtoimpulses,urgesordeG
sires,butactaccordingtovaluesandprinciples.
Somemightsaygoodqualitiesareinborn.ActuG
aly,virtuesneedtobecultivated.WiththehabG
itofbeingvirtuous,wecantakecontrolofour
livesandmovetheminthedirectionofgreater
happinessandfulfilment.
Virtuesareuniversalandrecognizedbyal
culturesasbasicqualitiesofwelGbeing.HowG
ever,practicingvirtuesisnoteasy.Sooftenwe
knowthatittakesperseverancetoreachour
goals,butwestil nevergetthere.Weknow
thatifweforgive,welbelessangry.Weknow
ittakescouragetoaccomplishgreatthings.So
whythen,ifweknow whattodo,arewestil
stuck?
BecausewehavenotyetconsciouslyapG
pliedavirtuetoagivensituationsoasto
changeitsoutcomesuchasintheseexamples:
kindnesstowardssomeonewhoishavingabad
daycanmakehimorhersmileandbuildrapG
port;trustinarelationshipcreatesvaluable,
meaningfulrelationships;gratitudeinajobloss
canshiftourfocusfromfeelinglowtohowwe
canhaveamorefulfiling,newcareer;service
tootherscanchangelives,betterneighborhoods
andcreatestrongernations.
Weknow wearebecomingmorevirtuous
people,notonlybecauseoftheaboveresults
butalsobecauseofthewayotherpeoplereG
spondtous.Ourfriends,family,coGworkers,
andneighborswiltrustandrelyonus.They
wilcometousforguidanceandhelp.Theywil
wanttobearoundusbecauseweinspirethem
tobebetterpeople.Practicingvirtuesalowsus
todevelopourpotential,andliveamorepurG
posefulandbetterlife.
1.Whatcan weknow aboutvirtuouspeople
fromthefirstparagraph?
A.Theyarebornwithvirtue.
B.Theynevermakeamistake.
C.Theyhaveahabitofdoinggood.
D.Theyactontheprincipleofprofit.
2.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?
A.Itshardtopracticevirtues.
B.Itsavirtuetoforgiveothers.
C.Ittakescouragetoachievegoals.
D.Trustisnecessaryinarelationship.
3.Whatdoestheunderlined word “rapport”
meaninthethirdparagraph?
A.Agoodgreeting.
B.Agreatexchange.
C.Agoodgoodbye.
D.Acloserelationship.
4.WhatistheauthorspurposeinthelastparaG
graph?
A.Toencouragereaderstobemorevirtuous.
B.Toencouragereaderstoliveapurposeful
life.
C.ToencouragereaderstoofferothersguidG
ance.
D.Toencouragereaderstodevelopothers
potential.
23
Ⅱ.阅读填句(七选五)
Whatmakesaperson “good”whenital
comesdowntoit? 1
Theythinkofothers.
Itseasytolivealifewhereyouonlycare
foryourself. 2 Theyrealizewhatisgoodfor
themmaynotalwaysbegoodforothers.Now
dontget me wrong:Theydontbendover
backwardsandletpeopletakeadvantagesof
them.Theyjustdontmakedecisionsortake
actionsiftheyknowitmightnegativelyaffect
someoneelse.
Theyrecourageous.
Couragehasnothingtodowiththeabsence
offear.Wealexperiencefear,butgoodpeople
takeactioneven whentheyarefearful.Good
peopledontgiveupeasily. 3 Infact,in
somewaysbeingagoodpersoncantakecourG
age.Afteral,ittakescouragetoactwithinG
tegrity(正直).
4
Somanyofusfocusonwhatwedonthave
andforgetaboutalthingswedo.AgoodperG
sonhasabalancedperspective(视 角).They
knowtherearemanypeoplewhohaveitworse
thantheydo.Theyappreciatetheirfamilies,
theirjobs,andthefactthattheyhavearoof
overtheirhead.
Theyremodestandhumble.
5 Theydontseethemselvesas“too
good”forotherpeople.Everybodyisuniqueand
thereisalwayssomethingtolearnfromanyG
one.Thisalsomeansthatagoodpersonhasa
growth mindset because they never think
theyreafinishedproduct.Lifeisaboutgrowth
andeverythingisaworkinprogress.
A.Theyregratefulforlife.
B.Theythinkthingsthrough.
C.Theycontinueevenwhenitgetsdifficult.
D.Herearesomequalitiesthatmakeupagood
person.
E.Theyalwaysgetalong wel with people
aroundthem.
F.AgoodpersonhasconfidenceyetmodestoG
pinionsoftheirown.
G.However,goodqualityinsomeoneisthinkG
ingofothersbeforemakingadecision.
Ⅲ.语法填空
About20 yearsago,onthe waytoa
studentshome,Zhang Guimeilearnedthata
13GyearGoldgirl1. (force)togetmarG
riedbyherparents.Shefeltsorryfornot2.
(be)abletohelp.Thatinspiredher3.
(build)afreehighschoolforgirlsfrom
thefarawaymountains.Afteryearsofefforts,in
2008afreepublichighschoolwasfoundedin
Huaping,4. ZhanghasbeentheheadG
mastersincethen.Overtheyears,Zhanghas
walked5. (thousand)ofkilometers,
persuadinggirlstogobacktoschool.Many
graduateshavebeenadmitted6. colG
lege,whichisregardedasa“miracle”inthearG
ea,becausemoststudentsdidntdo7.
(good)inacademicstudybeforetheschoolwas
founded.
Zhang Guimei wantschildren from the
mountainstoattendthebestuniversities.She
toldthemediaagirlcouldinfluencethreegenG
erations.“8. educated,responsible
motherwil notletherchildrendropoutof
school,”sheadded,“andthegoalistoprevent
povertyfrombeingpasseddownfromgeneraG
tiontogeneration.”Her9. (move)
storiesinspireagreatmanypeople.InearlyDeG
cember2020,she wasnamedanationaloutG
standing memberoftheCommunistPartyof
Chinaforher10. (contribute)toeduG
cationinruralChina.
33
假期作业7
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.1.Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoitalone.
2.Thatiswhyhedidntpasstheexam.
3.XiaoLiisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.
4.Whathewantstoknowiswhichdresssheshouldbuy.
5.Whatistroublingusiswhenwecangettoknowthedetails.
Ⅱ.一、1.complain 2.scholarship 3.hire 4.elsewhere
5.publish 6.replace 7.accident 8.chairman 9.income
10.per 11.therefore
二、1.marry 2.majority major 3.respond response
4.reject rejection 5.appoint appointment 6.elect election
7.retire retirement 8.saving 9.scared scare
10.sharp sharpen 11.energetic 12.operation 13.export
14.assist assistant 15.harmful harmless
Ⅲ.1.carrysb.throughsth. 2.tendtodosth.
3.passaway 4.inmemoryof 5.agreatdeal(of) 6.流着泪;
含着泪 7.处于绝望中 8.被绊倒 9.急救
10.道德困境
Ⅳ.1.thefirst;tofly 2.makingcontributionsto 3.whathe
can 4.Neither;nor 5.inmemoryof
Ⅴ.isanoldfableaboutakingwhothinkshispeoplearelazy
Theauthorusedthisstorytoimpressuponreaders Thestory
wassuccessfulinachievingitspurpose Itsourdutytotake
personalresponsibility therearebetterstoriestoinspirepeoG
pletotakepersonalresponsibility
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.virtue 2.hire 3.precious 4.complained 5.physician
6.moral 7.principles 8.scholarships 9.rejected 10.marriage
Ⅱ.1.to 2.appointment 3.rejections 4.Election
5.moreimportant 6.energetic 7.majority 8.towin
9.about 10.sharply
Ⅲ.1.carry;through 2.befacedwith 3.inmemoryof
4.passedaway 5.drawingaconclusion 6.tendto
7.carefor 8.lookinto 9.intears 10.togetintotrouble
Ⅳ.1.tobeawarded 2.Smokingisveryharmfultopeoples
health 3.whathappenedyesterday 4.NeitherLucynorher
littlebrotheris 5.beresponsibleformystudents
Ⅴ.1.running 宾补 2.Reading 状语 3.working 宾补
4.crying 宾补 5.caled 宾补 6.alowing 状语
素养提升———感与知
Ⅰ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇议论文.文章主要论述了践行美
德能让我们开发自己的潜能,过上更美好的生活.
1.C [推理判断题.根据第一段最后一句“Withthehabitof
beingvirtuous...greaterhappinessandfulfilment.”可推断,
具有美德的人有行善的习惯.]
2.A [主旨大意题.第二段中的“However,practicingvirtues
isnoteasy.”指出践行美德并不容易,接着列举了几个例子
来证明这一观点.由此可知,本段主要讲的是“践行美德并
非易事”.]
3.D [词 义 猜 测 题.根 据 划 线 词 前 面 的 “kindnesstowards
someone...canmakehimorhersmileandbuild”可知,对那
个正度过糟糕的一天的人施以善意可以让他或她微笑,连词
and表示顺承关系,由此可推测此处指双方建立“融洽的关
系”,划线词意为“融洽关系”,与 D项意思相近.]
4.A [推理判断题.根据最后一段最后一句“PracticingvirG
tuesalowsustodevelopourpotential,andliveamorepurG
posefulandbetterlife.”可推断,作者的目的是鼓励人们践行
美德.]
Ⅱ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文.本文主要讲述了优秀的
人身上所具有的几点优秀品质:为他人考虑、勇敢、对生活心存
感恩、谦逊有礼.文章旨在引导学生学习优秀的品质.
1.D [根据空前的句子“Whatmakesaperson‘good’whenit
alcomesdowntoit?”可知,设空处应该是该问题的回答,再
根据下文每一段的小标题可知,设空处应起到引出下文具体
品质的作 用,D 项 中 的“agoodperson”和 空 前 的“aperson
‘good’”呼 应,且 “somequalities”指 代 了 下 文 小 标 题 的
内容.]
2.G [根据本段小标题“Theythinkofothers.”可知,本段应
与为他人考虑有关.G 项“然而,好的品质是做决定前会考
虑别人.”与空前“只关心自己”形成转折关系.]
3.C [根据本段小标题“Theyrecourageous.”可知,本段讲述
了优秀的人都很勇敢.再结合空前“Goodpeopledontgive
upeasily.”,他们不轻言放弃,可知,设空处也应与勇敢的表
现有关.C项“即使遇到困难,他们也会继续前进.”与前文
衔接,且为递进关系,符合语境.]
4.A [设空处为本段的小标题,应对本段起概括作用.本段
主要讲述优秀的人懂得 珍 惜 和 感 恩 自 己 所 拥 有 的 人 和 物.
A项讲述 了 优 秀 的 人 对 生 活 心 存 感 激,很 好 地 总 结 段 落
大意.]
5.F [根据本段小标题“Theyremodestandhumble.”可知,本
段主要讲述优秀的人都很谦逊有礼.故设空处也应与优秀
谦逊有关.F项中的“modest”为小标题中“modest”的同词复
现.F项“一个优秀的人对自我保持着自信而谦逊的看法.”
既呼应了本段主题,又引出了下文.]
Ⅲ.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文.文章主要讲述了张桂梅
为中国偏远山区教育事业做出的杰出贡献.
1.wasforced [考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.分析句子
可知,设空处为宾语从句的谓语,根据主句的时态和此处语
境可知应用一般过去时;a13GyearGoldgirl与force之间为被
动关系,应用被动语态;主语为单数名词,谓语也应用单数.
故填 wasforced.]
2.being [考查动词Ging形式.句中for为介词,后接动词Ging
形式作宾语.故填being.]
3.tobuild [考查动词不定式.inspiresb.todosth.意为“激
励某人做某事”,动词不定式作宾补.故填tobuild.]
4.where [考查定语从句.分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制
性定语从句,先行词为afreepublichighschool,关系词在从
句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where引导定语从句.]
5.thousands [考查数词.thousandsof意为“数以千计的”.
故填thousands.]
6.to/into [考查介词.beadmittedto/into...为固定搭配,意
为“被接收”.故填to或into.]
7.wel [考查副词.dowelin意为“在方面做得好”.故
填 wel.]
8.An [考查冠词.mother为可数名词,此处泛指“一个受过良好
教育的、负责任的母亲”,且educated的发音以元音音素开头,应
用不定冠词an.注意句首单词首字母大写.故填 An.]
9.moving [考查形容词.分析句子可知,设空处作定语修饰
stories,意为“令人感动的”,应用形容词.故填 moving.]
10.contribution(s) [考查名词.设空处作介词for的宾语,应
用名词;contribution意为“贡献”时为 可 数 名 词,但 设 空 处
前面有限定词her,所以此处用单复数均可.故填contribuG
tion(s).]
假期作业8
基础知识———写与背
Ⅰ.1.Theideathattheearthisroundisnotanewone.
2.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.
3.Ihavenoideawhenhewilbeback.
4.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasathief.
5.Thefactthatseawatercannotbeusedfordrinkingisknown
toal.
Ⅱ.一、1.admit 2.occur 3.afterwards 4.escape 5.minoriG
ty 6.percentage 7.climate 8.material 9.clothing
10.neat
二、1.diverse diversity 2.fortune unfortunate 3.definitely
definite 4.historical 5.poisonous poison
6.fold 7.colection 8.settle 9.construction 10.suit
11.contain container
Ⅲ.1.headto 2.seekonesfortune 3.earnaliving
4.seriesof 5.apartfrom 6.bringabout 7.仅举几例
8.第一手;亲自 9.开发;开辟 10.位于
Ⅳ.1.doyouthink 2.Itislikelythat 3.somecheering
4.whichstarted 5.Notonlyis;popular
Ⅴ.HavinglearnedthatyouplantopayavisittoChina where
youcanvisittheSummerPalace ishometoanumberofculG
turalrelics thatitattractsaconstantstreamoftravelers if
youfindmyrecommendationhelpful
基础技能———练与悟
Ⅰ.1.diverse 2.mission 3.seek 4.minority 5.financial
6.colection 7.climates/climate 8.settled/solved 9.escaped
10.construction
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