精品解析：江苏省连云港市灌南县2024-2025学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题

灌南县2024～2025学年第二学期期中调研考试 高一英语试题 注意事项： 1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。 3.请用2B铅笔和0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上指定区域作答。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where is the Teen Eye Building? A. On Madison Street. B. Opposite a museum. C. At the end of 7th Street. 2. What will the woman do next? A. Have a shower. B. Clean her teeth. C. Wash her face. 3. What does the woman think of living in a city? A. Dangerous. B. Convenient. C. Exciting. 4. What is the woman doing? A. Learning a language. B. Having an interview. C. Giving an English class. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. What the man will do on the weekend. B. How the man will get to Washington. C. When the man will go to work. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Tidy her room. B. Search for the report. C. Avoid telling her boss the truth. 7. Where has the woman found the report? A. On the desk. B. On the bookshelf. C. On the floor. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. From whom did the woman know the man likes watching movies? A. The manager. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s brother. 9. What will the man do this weekend? A. Listen to classical music. B. Go to the movies. C. Visit his brother. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10. What is Joan going to do? A. Visit a friend. B. Cook a meal. C. Meet her mother. 11. Why doesn’t the man want to eat hamburgers? A. They are unhealthy. B. He had them yesterday. C. He is tired of them. 12. What will the speakers have for dinner? A. Japanese food. B. French food. C. Chinese food. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13. When does the conversation probably take place? A. At the end of a term. B. In the middle of a term. C. At the beginning of a term. 14. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Inviting a famous actor to the party. B. Playing some good music at the party. C. Asking everyone to dress up at the party. 15. What will the speakers discuss tomorrow? A. What clothes to wear. B. What games to organize. C. What competitions to have. 16. What food will the speakers prepare? A. Pizza. B. Bread. C. Fried chicken. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17. Why did the speaker have a bad sleep before the trip? A. She looked forward to Christmas. B. She missed her aunt very much. C. She was too excited about the trip. 18. How did the speaker go to the airport? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By taxi. 19. When did the speaker’s plane take off? A. At 1:40 p.m. B. At 1:50 p.m. C. At 2:00 p.m. 20. What did the speaker see on her trip? A. Birds and beautiful buildings. B. Land and white clouds. C. Hills and rivers 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Environmental Books For Kids City Green, by DyAnne DiSalvo-Ryan (1994) It is a great book on how anyone can take action and make a difference. In it, Marcy, a young girl, wants to plant a garden in the vacant lot(空地) of her city block. The book describes every step of building a community garden for everyone to share. It comes with a handy guide on how you can start your own community garden! Kate, Who Tamed the Wind, by Liz Garton Scanlon (2018) This book is a wonderful story of problem-solving and perseverance (坚持不懈), as it tells the story of a young girl who decides to stop the wild wind from blowing by planting trees. It is a great read explaining the important role of trees in our lives and the planet as well as the importance of nature-based solutions. We Are Water Protectors, by Carole Lindstrom (2020) If you want to learn more about native people and the importance of protecting water, this is the book for you. It is a story of a young girl who stands up for environmental justice (正义) and becomes an activist who fights to protect the world from pollution. Pangolina, by Jane Goodall (2021) A pangolin is to be unlawfully sold at the market. Luckily for her, a little girl, who knows that pangolins are friendly animals with feelings just like humans, asks her mother to buy Pangolina and set her free. If you love animals and you want to learn more about the problems of wildlife traffic as well as the importance of protecting endangered animals, this wonderful book is a good choice. 1. Which book would you recommend to someone interested in gardening? A. City Green. B. Pangolina. C. We Are Water Protectors. D. Kate, Who Tamed the Wind. 2. When was the book covering native people’s movement printed? A. In 1994 B. In 2018. C. In 2020. D. In 2021. 3. Who wrote the book about saving animals? A DyAnne DiSalvo-Ryan. B. Liz Garton Scanlon. C. Carole Lindstrom. D. Jane Goodall. 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了四本儿童环保书籍。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据City Green部分中的“The book describes every step of building a community garden for everyone to share. It comes with a handy guide on how you can start your own community garden!(这本书描述了建立一个社区花园的每个步骤，每个人都可以分享。它附带了一个方便的指南，教你如何开始你自己的社区花园！)”可知，该书与建造社区花园有关，可以推荐给对园艺感兴趣的人。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据We Are Water Protectors部分中的“If you want to learn more about native people and the importance of protecting water, this is the book for you.(如果你想更多地了解当地人和保护水的重要性，这本书就是为你准备的)”和时间为2020可知，该书与原住民保护水源的运动有关，于2020年出版。故选C。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Pangolina部分中“Luckily for her, a little girl, who knows that pangolins are friendly animals with feelings just like humans, asks her mother to buy Pangolina and set her free.(幸运的是，一个小女孩知道穿山甲是一种友好的动物，和人类一样有感情，她让妈妈把穿山甲买下来放生)”和“by Jane Goodall(作者Jane Goodall)”可知，该书与拯救动物有关，其作者是Jane Goodall。故选D。 B Do you take your own shopping bag with you when you go shopping? Most people don’t. It’s easier to just ask for a plastic bag when you’re checking out. But the truth is that most of these bags will end up in the ocean, killing wildlife and even ending up in the seafood that we eat. Plastic pollution has become a major problem around the world. China creates about 59 million tons of plastic waste each year, while the US creates about 37 million tons, according to a 2018 scientific report. But two sisters from Bali are doing their part to stop this from happening. They started a global campaign called Bye Bye Plastic Bags (BBPB) . Its members encourage people to use fewer plastic bags. They also advise local leaders in their area to ban the bags. Melati Wijsen, 17, and her sister Isabel, 15, started BBPB in 2013 after learning about great leaders like Nelson Mandela and Lady Diana in school. They asked themselves, “What can we do as children living in Bali, now, to make a difference?” The Wijsen sisters have spoken to 20,000 young people about the dangers of plastic. They also created two educational booklets for primary schools in Indonesia. They are crazy about their work, especially when it comes to protecting Bali. Their hard work pushed officials in Bali to make the island refuse plastic bags by 2018. The sisters have no plans to stop any time soon. Though they know there will be difficulties along the way, they think their hard work will pay off. “Were not telling you it’s going to be easy. We’re telling you it’ going to be worth it,” Isabel said. 4. What does the first paragraph talk about? A. How to go shopping. B. The bad condition of the ocean. C. The dangers of plastic bags. D. Why people use plastic bags. 5 The Wijsen sisters started BBPB because ______ . A. they want to make more money B. they want people to use fewer plastic bags C. they want people to pick up the plastic bags in the ocean D. they want to encourage local leaders to produce better plastic bags 6. What did the sisters Melati Wijsen and Isabel do to protect Bali? ① They put up lots of notices of saving sea animals. ② They gave speeches about the dangers of plastic pollution. ③ They provided free paper bags for shoppers. ④ They made educational booklets for students. A. ②④ B. ①② C. ②③ D. ③④ 7. The sisters Melati Wijsen and Isabel think “______ ” about their campaign. A. it hasn’t been planned very well B. it isn’t easy for them to control C. it is going to be easier in the future D. It is difficult to do but meaningful 【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文介绍塑料污染成全球难题，巴厘岛的Wijsen姐妹发起BBPB运动，鼓励少用塑料袋，虽困难但努力推动，为解决塑料污染问题做贡献。 【4题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“But the truth is that most of these bags will end up in the ocean, killing wildlife and even ending up in the seafood that we eat.(但事实是，这些袋子中大多数最终会流入海洋，杀死野生动物，甚至最终出现在我们食用的海鲜中。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了塑料袋的危害。故选C项。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“They started a global campaign called Bye Bye Plastic Bags (BBPB) . Its members encourage people to use fewer plastic bags.(她们发起了一项名为‘再见，塑料袋’（BBPB）的全球运动。其成员鼓励人们少用塑料袋。)”可知，Wijsen姐妹发起BBPB是因为她们希望人们少用塑料袋。故选B项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“The Wijsen sisters have spoken to 20,000 young people about the dangers of plastic. They also created two educational booklets for primary schools in Indonesia.(Wijsen姐妹已经向2万名年轻人讲述了塑料的危害。她们还为印度尼西亚的小学制作了两本教育手册。)”可知，姐妹俩为保护巴厘岛做了讲述塑料危害的演讲和为学生制作教育手册这两件事。故选A项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though they know there will be difficulties along the way, they think their hard work will pay off. ‘We’re not telling you it’s going to be easy. We’re telling you it’s going to be worth it,’ Isabel said.(尽管她们知道一路上会有困难，但她们认为自己的努力会有回报。‘我们不是在告诉你这会很容易。我们是在告诉你这将是值得的，’伊莎贝尔说。)”可知，姐妹俩认为她们的活动虽然做起来困难，但却是有意义的。故选D项。 C In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. Researchers have discovered that one of the factors (因素) behind this process may be persistence (坚持). It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers. In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was. The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to get the treat hiding under each one. After the series (一系列) of rewarded experiments, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones. In the social learning task, the trained dogs stared at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. 8. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By listing a fact. B. By raising a doubt. C. By making a comparison. D. By showing a conclusion. 9. Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”? A. Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. B. Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. C. Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. D. Shouting at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. 10. How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment? A. They are better at helping their friends. B. They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. C. They are more likely to live longer. D. Their newly learned behaviors last longer. 11. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. How to Pick out a Suitable Pet Dog B. Why Persistent Dogs Make Better Pets C. Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better D. How Researchers Carry out Animal Experiments 【答案】8. D 9. B 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了训练过的狗比未训练的狗更能独立解决新问题的原因。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第一段“In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. (在多项研究中，研究人员发现，训练有素的狗在独立解决新出现的问题时，可能比未经训练的宠物狗更有成效。)”可知，作者是通过展示一个研究结论来引入章主题的。故选D。 【9题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often. (这其中包括强化作用，即那些得到奖励的行为会变得更强且更频繁出现的规律。)”可知，强化是指受到奖励的行为会变得更加强大和频繁。再根据第三段中“Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement). (每次狗盯着实验人员的脸时，它们都会得到一份食物奖励（强化作用）。)”可知，每次狗盯着实验者的脸看时，它们都会得到奖励（强化）。因此，选项B“Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. (每次山羊站起来时给它一些草)”可以看作是强化，因为它是对山羊站起来这一行为的奖励。故选B。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. (换句话说，对于接受过训练的狗来说，它们新学会的行为比那些在任何方面都没有接受过训练的宠物犬的行为，持续的时间更长，也更稳定。)”可知，实验中接受过训练的狗的新学会的行为持续的时间更长。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第二段中“It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers. (很有可能的是，训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持，因此不太容易受到消退作用的影响，这使得它们在解决问题方面表现得更好。)”可知，研究发现，在独立解决新出现的问题方面，训练有素的狗可能比未经训练的宠物更成功，这可能是因为训练有素的狗已经学会了坚持。故C项“Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better (为什么经过训练的狗能更好地解决问题)”最适合作文章标题。故选C。 D Last September, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) took legal action against the company behind an AI writing tool and content producer called Rytr. The FTC accused Rytr of offering a service that could pollute the marketplace with fake (假的) reviews. The FTC, which banned the sale or purchase of fake reviews in 2024, said some of Rytr’s buyers used the tool to produce hundreds and perhaps thousands of reviews. The Transparency Company is a technology company and public protection group that uses software to discover fake reviews. For a recently released report, the company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services. Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake. The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2.3 million reviews were partly or entirely AI-produced. False, or fake, reviews have long appeared on many popular websites across a wide range of industries, from e-commerce and travel to services such as home repairs, medical care and music lessons. Though some companies are giving users some ability to use AI, they already use special programs and investigative teams to find and eliminate fake reviews. The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, which Amazon, Trustpilot, Glassdoor, Tripadvisor, Expedia and Booking. com launched last year, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology also presents “an opportunity to push back against those who seek to use reviews to mislead others”. The FTC’s rule banning fake reviews, which took effect in October, permits the agency to fine businesses and individuals who take part in fake reviews. Tech companies hosting such reviews are protected from the punishment. This is because they are not legally responsible under U.S. law for the content that outsiders post on their websites. “Their efforts so far are not nearly enough,” said Kay Dean, a former federal criminal investigator who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch. “If these tech companies are so committed to removing review on their platforms, why is it that I, one individual who works with no automation, can find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?” 12. What was Rytr charged with? A. Offering illegal writing tools. B. Letting out online users’ privacy. C. Allowing users to produce fake contents. D. Misleading its users to buy fake products. 13. What did the recent report by the Transparency Company show? A. Online reviews cover many aspects. B. Most online reviews are fake or false. C. Al is powerful to identify fake information. D. Many online reviews are likely produced by AI. 14. Which of the following can refer to the underlined word “eliminate” nin Para. 3? A. Add. B. Defend. C. Remove. D. Ignore. 15. What does Kay Dean think of the efforts by technology companies? A. A bit surprising. B. Far from satisfying. C. Extremely helpful. D. Much too useless. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI被用来发表错误或虚假评论的现象以及科技公司为此所做的努力情况。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The FTC, which banned the sale or purchase of fake reviews in 2024, said some of Rytr’s buyers used the tool to produce hundreds and perhaps thousands of reviews.(美国联邦贸易委员会于2024年禁止销售或购买虚假评论，称Rytr的一些买家使用该工具制作了数百甚至数千条评论)”可知，Rytr被指控允许用户制作虚假内容。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2.3 million reviews were partly or entirely AI-produced.(该公司表示，“高度自信”230万条评论部分或全部是人工智能制作的)”可知，透明公司最近的报告显示了许多在线评论很可能是由人工智能产生的。故选D。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Though some companies are giving users some ability to use AI, they already use special programs and investigative teams to find and(尽管一些公司让用户能够使用人工智能，但他们已经使用特殊程序和调查团队来查找)”以及宾语“fake reviews(虚假评论)”可知，此处指一些公司使用特殊程序和调查团队来去除虚假评论。画线单词语义是“去除”。故选C。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““Their efforts so far are not nearly enough,” said Kay Dean, a former federal criminal investigator who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch. “If these tech companies are so committed to removing review on their platforms, why is it that I, one individual who works with no automation, can find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?”(“到目前为止，他们的努力还远远不够，”前联邦刑事调查员凯·迪恩说，他管理着一个名为“假评论观察”的公共保护组织。“如果这些科技公司如此致力于删除平台上的评论，为什么我这样一个没有自动化操作的人，每天都能发现数百甚至数千条虚假评论？”)”可推知，Kay Dean认为科技公司的努力是不够的，即根本不满意。故选B。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the U.S., 7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year, mostly with human-related causes. Weather can affect these fires, but what people do makes it worse. The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish, overheated or sparking (冒火花) machines, and campfires. ____16____. It is the key to reducing what could start a fire. By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires, we can keep the big problems under control. Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal (处理) Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. ____17____. While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal, many people do it, especially in faraway places. These activities are often the cause of wildfires. When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor, fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems. Preventing machinery-related hazards (隐患) ____18____. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire. Additionally, refueling heated engines is dangerous, as it can cause fires. In general, it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines. ____19____ While having fun outdoors, ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment. One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out. If fireworks are being lit, it is important to take wildfire prevention measures. Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests. Additionally, water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy. ____20____. A. Maintaining a safe environment B. The forest is rapidly cleared of people C. Burning rubbish is another related activity D. These measures will prevent unexpected fires E. Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger F. Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires G. Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior 【答案】16. G 17. C 18. F 19. A 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是减少美国野火发生的关键措施。 【16题详解】 空后“It is the key to reducing what could start a fire.(这是减少起火原因的关键。)”说明了空前所说的内容是减少起火原因的关键，空格处应该讲起火的原因，G选项“Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior(只有通过负责任的行为才能预防和控制火灾)”说明负责任的行为是预防火灾的关键，也就是说人的行为是起火的原因，因此承接上文，符合语境。故选G。 【17题详解】 空前“Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground.(农民们有时会烧掉干枯的植物，把养分放回地里。)”说明的是农民们会少干枯的植物，空后“While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal, many people do it, especially in faraway places.(虽然这不是最健康的垃圾处理方式，但很多人都这样做，尤其是在遥远的地方。)”说明了空前所说的是一种处理垃圾的方式，而且应该和烧东西有关，极可能是烧垃圾，C选项“Burning rubbish is another related activity(焚烧垃圾是另一项相关活动)”说明了烧垃圾是另一个人们的相关活动，因此承上启下，符合语境。故选C。 【18题详解】 本段小标题是“Preventing machinery-related hazards(防止与机械有关的危险)”，因此本段主要讲的是与机器相关的起火，空格处内容应该和机器有关，F选项“Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires(高温设备和过热的发动机很容易引发野火)”说明了高温设备和过热的发动机很容易引发野火，和机器有关，因此引起下文，符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 空格处是本段小标题，由空后“While having fun outdoors, ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment.(当你在户外玩耍时，确保你在一个安全的环境中享受自己。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要确保在安全的环境中玩儿，A选项“Maintaining a safe environment(保持安全的环境)”说明要保持安全的环境，概括了本段主要内容，可作为小标题。故选A。 【20题详解】 空前“Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests. Additionally, water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy.(烟花不应在森林或森林附近点燃。此外，要给放烟花的地方浇水，不要在刮风的时候放烟花。)”是一些防火的措施，空格处应该说这些措施会有什么作用，D选项“These measures will prevent unexpected fires(这些措施将防止意外的火灾)”说明了空前的措施会起到的作用，承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 第二部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) One moment Marzela was combing(梳)her hair, the next she and the rest of her family were running from their home in terror. A huge ___21___ made the walls around them shake. They only just managed to ___22___ from their house as a second quake brought it crashing down completely. In the ___23___ that followed, Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother. She fled the scene on the back of her older ___24___ motorbike. “I kept crying because I was so ___25___,” she remembers. The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami; nearly 165,000 people were ___26___ to leave their homes. Water supplies and other vital infrastructure(基础设施)were ___27___. Families were left without clean ___28___ and put at heightened risk of disease. With donor support, Save the Children’s teams have ___29___ vital healthcare, shelter and fresh water. They’ve set up _____30_____ , built temporary schools and provided shelter. They helped save thousands of children’s lives. With their home in ruins, Marzela and her family spent a month _____31_____ under tarpaulins(防水油布)in the jungle. But now, though _____32_____, thanks to a cash support provided by Save the Children, they’re beginning to _____33_____ their lives. Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future, when she _____34_____ to become a teacher. And she really wants to _____35_____ the goodwill she has received in her own way. 21. A. hurricane B. earthquake C. flood D. storm 22. A. reach B. find C. escape D. move 23. A. disorders B. responses C. stories D. experiments 24. A. sibling’s B. friend’s C. classmate’s D. neighbor’s 25. A. sad B. touched C. excited D. afraid 26. A. persuaded B. encouraged C. predicted D. forced 27. A. ruined B. repaired C. strengthened D. moved 28. A. clothes B. air C. water D. tents 29. A. received B. provided C. chose D. investigated 30. A. factories B. clinics C. canteens D. camps 31. A. volunteering B. working C. sleeping D. studying 32. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 33. A. enrich B. improve C. change D. rebuild 34. A. hopes B. needs C. fails D. continues 35. A. record B. spread C. cherish D. admire 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. A 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在大地震之后，Marzela和她的家人在“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)的帮助下，开始重建他们的生活的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一场巨大的地震使他们周围的墙壁摇晃起来。A. hurricane飓风；B. earthquake地震；C. flood洪水；D. storm暴风雨。根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知，发生了地震。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当第二次地震使房子完全倒塌时，他们才刚从房子里逃出来。A. reach到达；B. find找到；C. escape逃跑；D. move移动。根据下文“as a second quake brought it crashing down completely”可知，地震使房子倒塌了，因此他们是从房子里逃了出来。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在随后的混乱中，Marzela听到有人叫她的名字，转过身来看到她的哥哥。A. disorders混乱；B. responses回应；C. stories故事；D. experiments实验。根据上文“A huge ___1___ made the walls around them shake.”可知，发生了地震，所以此处指地震后的混乱局面。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词所有格词义辨析。句意：她坐在她哥哥的摩托车后座上逃离了现场。A. sibling’s兄弟姐妹的；B. friend’s朋友的；C. classmate’s同学的；D. neighbor’s邻居的。根据上文“Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother.”可知，Marzela是坐在她哥哥的摩托车后座上逃离了现场。故选A。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直哭，因为我很害怕。A. sad难过的；B. touched感动的；C. excited兴奋的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文“I kept crying”可知，她一直哭，说明她很害怕。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这场巨大的地震引发了严重的海啸；近16.5万人被迫离开家园。A. persuaded说服；B. encouraged鼓励；C. predicted预测；D. forced强迫，迫使。根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知，发生了海啸，人们被迫离开家园。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：供水和其他重要的基础设施被毁。A. ruined毁灭；B. repaired修理；C. strengthened加强；D. moved移动。根据上文“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知，发生了海啸，基础设施被毁。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多家庭没有干净的水，这增加了他们患病的风险。A. clothes衣服；B. air空气；C. water水；D. tents帐篷。根据下文“and put at heightened risk of disease”并根据常识可知，地震和海啸后没有干净的水会增加患病的风险。且下文“fresh water.”也是提示。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在捐赠者的支持下，“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)的团队提供了重要的医疗、住所和淡水。A. received收到；B. provided提供；C. chose选择；D. investigated调查。根据下文“vital healthcare, shelter and fresh water”可知，“救助儿童会”提供了重要的医疗、住所和淡水。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们建立了诊所，建造了临时学校，并提供了住所。A. factories工厂；B. clinics诊所；C. canteens食堂；D. camps营地。根据上文“vital healthcare”可知，此处指建立了诊所提供医疗服务。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的家成了废墟，Marzela和她的家人在丛林的防水油布下睡了一个月。A. volunteering自愿；B. working工作；C. sleeping睡觉；D. studying学习。根据下文“under tarpaulins (防水油布) in the jungle”可知，他们的家成了废墟，所以只能睡在丛林的防水油布下。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但现在，虽然进展缓慢，但由于“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)提供的现金支持，他们开始重建自己的生活。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidentally意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily快乐地。根据上文“A huge ___1___ made the walls around them shake.”和“The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami”可知，发生了地震并引发海啸，造成了巨大破坏，因此他们开始重建自己的生活的进展缓慢。故选C。 33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但现在，虽然进展缓慢，但由于“救助儿童会”(Save the Children)提供的现金支持，他们开始重建自己的生活。A. enrich丰富；B. improve改善；C. change改变；D. rebuild重建。根据上文“With their home in ruins”可知，他们的家成了废墟，所以此处指重建自己的生活。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Marzela回到了学校，对未来充满了期待，她希望成为一名教师。A. hopes希望；B. needs需要；C. fails失败；D. continues继续。根据上文“Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future”可知，她希望成为一名教师。故选A。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她真的想用自己的方式传播她所得到的善意。A. record记录；B. spread传播；C. cherish珍惜；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“the goodwill she has received in her own way”可知，Marzela想用自己的方式传播她所得到的善意。故选B。 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a smartphone addict, the first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for my phone. Sometimes I did feel that the small machine had taken up too much of my time and____36____some changes should be made. I decided that I should begin with spending a whole week____37____my smartphone. However, developing into a habit was easy. It was____38____ (extreme) difficult to quit the habit. On the first few days, not____39____ (know) what to do, I felt lost and anxious. Then somehow I began to feel free because I had time to do things that I liked and finally my favorite novels ____40____ (pick) up again. To trace my progress, I kept a journal of my feelings, thoughts and____41____ (activity). I went out for a run and felt more alive. Best of all, I began to appreciate ____42____beauty in life with my own eyes. It was also____43____ (benefit) to my offline relationship. I spent more time with friends and parents. Those seven days really changed me a lot. Now I no longer spend my days with my eyes____44____ (fix) on the screen all the time. Instead, have a great _____45_____ (appreciate) for if e beyond the screen, which is indeed richer and more beautiful. 【答案】36. that 37. without 38. extremely 39. knowing 40. were picked 41. activities 42. the 43. beneficial 44. fixed 45. appreciation 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者一个星期不玩手机，逐渐从中受益的经过。 【36题详解】 考查名词性从句。句意：有时我确实觉得这台小机器占用了我太多的时间，应该做些改变。空处引导宾语从句，和前一个宾语从句并列，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用that引导。故填that。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：我决定从一个星期不玩智能手机开始。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：戒掉这个习惯是极其困难的。修饰形容词difficult应用副词extremely，故填extremely。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在最初几天里，我不知道该做什么，感到迷茫和焦虑。此处know与I构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填knowing。 【40题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：然后不知怎么的，我开始觉得自由了，因为我有时间做我喜欢的事情，最后我最喜欢的小说又被拿出来了。主语novels与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文began可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were picked。 【41题详解】 考查名词的数。句意：为了追踪自己的进步，我把自己的感受、想法和活动都记录下来。根据上文my feelings, thoughts and可知应用名词复数形式。故填activities。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：最重要的是，我开始用自己的眼睛欣赏生活中的美丽。此处beauty特指生活中的美，应用定冠词。故填the。 【43题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这也有利于我的线下关系。作表语，应用形容词beneficial，故填beneficial。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：现在我不再整天盯着屏幕了。此处eyes与fix构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填fixed。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：相反，要欣赏屏幕之外的世界，那里确实更丰富、更美丽。作动词的宾语，应用名词appreciation，不可数。故填appreciation。 第三节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。每个词或短语只用一次。 sharp harm give rise to extinct come up with locate breathe life into application otherwise lie in Human activities ____46____ nature for centuries. Industrial waste has polluted the rivers severely, directly ____47____ the complete disappearance of 200 species since the early 20th century. Recent studies have confirmed that industrial pollution has caused a ____48____ 68% decrease in wildlife populations. Engineers are now ____49____ solutions, such as wind farms ____50____ in coastal areas. Though green energy ____51____ are increasing, oil spills still occur annually. Without urgent action, environmental disasters will ____52____ worsen by 2050. Tomorrow’s technology may ____53____ damaged ecosystems. Immediate action is needed now—let’s prevent future generations from witnessing more species break down into ____54____. The choice between survival and ruin firmly _____55_____ our hands. 【答案】46. have harmed 47. giving rise to 48. sharp 49. coming up with 50. located 51. applications 52. otherwise 53. breathe life into 54. extinction 55. lies in 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类活动长期危害自然，致物种消失、野生动物数量锐减，工程师提出解决方案，需立即行动阻止生态恶化。 【46题详解】 考查动词及时态。句意：人类活动数百年来一直对自然造成了损害。根据“Industrial waste has polluted the rivers severely”以及句意“危害”可知应用harm，作谓语，根据后文for centuries可知为现在完成时，主语为activities，助动词用have。故填have harmed。 【47题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：工业废弃物严重污染了河流，自20世纪初以来，这直接导致了200个物种的完全灭绝。根据“the complete disappearance of 200 species”以及句意“导致”可知应用give rise to，此处与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填giving rise to。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：最近的研究证实，工业污染已导致野生动植物的数量急剧减少了 68%。根据“68% decrease”以及句意“急剧”可知应用形容词sharp，作定语。故填sharp。 【49题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：工程师们正在提出一些解决方案，比如在沿海地区建设风力发电场。根据“solutions”以及句意“提出”可知应用come up with，根据上文Engineers are now可知为现在进行时。故填coming up with。 【50题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：工程师们正在提出一些解决方案，比如在沿海地区建设风力发电场。根据“wind farms”以及句意“谓语”可知应用located，过去分词作后置定语表被动。故填located。 【51题详解】 考查名词。句意：尽管绿色能源的应用正在不断增加，但每年仍会发生石油泄漏事件。根据“Though green energy”以及句意“应用”可知应用名词application，结合后文are可知为复数。故填applications。 【52题详解】 考查副词。句意：如果不采取紧急措施，到2050年，环境灾难将会进一步加剧。根据“worsen by 2050”以及句意可知应用副词otherwise，表转折假设。故填otherwise。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：未来的科技或许能够为受损的生态系统注入生机。根据“Tomorrow’s technology”以及句意“注入生机”可知应用breathe life into，may后跟动词原形。故填breathe life into。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：现在必须立即采取行动——让我们阻止子孙后代再目睹更多物种走向灭绝。根据“witnessing more species break down into”以及句意“灭绝”可知应用名词extinction，作宾语。故填extinction。 【55题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：是生存还是毁灭，这关键就掌握在我们自己手中。根据“The choice between survival and ruin firmly”以及句意“在于”可知应用lie in，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为choice，谓语用三单形式。故填lies in。 第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 56. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校即将举行主题为“低碳生活，保护环境”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括： 1.保护环境的重要性； 2.学生如何低碳生活； 3.发出倡议。 注意： 1.词数80词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear fellow students, We all know that climate change is one of the significant challenges facing our planet today. As the chairman of the Students’ Union, I am eager to call upon every one to reduce our carbon footprint. Let’s start with reducing water consumption. Keep our shower time as short as possible, which is an important and easy way to save water on campus. Besides, it is of utmost importance to switch off lights and unplug other electrical appliances when not in use. Last but not least, in our daily life, it is highly advisable to use reusable products whenever possible. For example, refill the thermos with water or tea instead of buying disposable plastic bottled water. As an old saying goes, “Together, individuals can make a difference.” Working hand in hand, we can surely make a big difference. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生围绕“低碳生活，保护环境”的主题，用英语给你校学生写一封倡议书。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：significant→essential 减少：reduce→cut down 此外：besides→in addition 例如：for example→for instance 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Last but not least, in our daily life, it is highly advisable to use reusable products whenever possible. 拓展句：Last but not least, in our daily life, it is highly advised that we should use reusable products whenever possible. 【点睛】[高分句型1] We all know that climate change is one of the significant challenges facing our planet today. (运用了that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2] For example, refill the thermos with water or tea instead of buying disposable plastic bottled water. (运用了动名词作宾语) 第二节 阅读表达(满分15分) 阅读下列短文，完成文后的填空题和表答题。 Every time AI creates an e-mail or an image, the planet pays for it. Making two images can consume as much energy as charging a smartphone; a single exchange with ChatGPT can heat up a server so much that it requires a bottle’s worth of water to cool. As AI becomes more wildly used, these costs rise sharply. And a new study in Nature Computational Science identifies another concern—electronic waste. AI’s rapid hardware upgrades (升级), lasting from 2 to 5 years, worsens the issues, with new versions (版本) replacing old ones frequently. Asaf Tzachor, who co-authored the new study, says its findings stress the need to monitor. and reduce AI’s environmental footprint, which includes energy consumption and hardware waste. Now, few countries strictly deal with e-waste. For example, only 20 US states have policies for dealing with e-waste but no federal law. Initiatives (方案) like the AI Environmental Impacts Act of 2024 aim to set standards for AI’s environmental impacts, though, it hasn’t been passed. Some companies, however, claim to be taking independent action. Microsoft and Google have promised to reach net zero waste and emissions by 2030. AI companies have multiple ways to limit e-waste. It’s possible to increase the service life of hardware, for example, through regular maintenance (维护) and upgrades. Updating and reusing outdated hardware components (部件) can also cut waste by 42 percent. Efficient chip (芯片) and algorithm (算法) design further reduce the demand for hardware and electricity. These combined strategies would reduce e-waste by 86 percent. However, recycling AI products is harder because they store private user data, says Kees Baldé, an e-waste researcher. But big tech companies can afford to both erase that data and properly get rid of their electronics, he points out. “Yes, it costs something,” he says of broader e-waste recycling, “but the gains for society are much larger.” 57. 根据文章内容，使用适当的词完成下列表格，每空一词。 Title: The Digital Age: The ________ Cost of AI Concerns ◆AI operations demand high energy, which has ________ effects on environment with AI used more wildly. ◆AI hardware is replaced every 2-5 years, contributing to global electronic waste ◆Few countries have ________ policies to get rid of e-waste, and enforcement is often weak. ◆AI products store private user data, making recycling harder. Strategies ◆AI companies can increase the service life of hard ware through maintenance, update and reuse of ________ components. ◆AI companies can ________ more energy-efficient chips and algorithms to reduce the demand for hardware and electricity. ◆Large tech companies should take ________ to erase private user data and properly get rid of their electronics. Conclusion ________ this process costs a lot, the long-term benefits for society are far greater than the costs. 58. .回答下列问题，写作词数应为50词左右。 In your opinion, should humans continue to develop AI or stop its development? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】57. ①. Environmental ②. negative ③. strict ④. outdated ⑤. design ⑥. action ⑦. Although##Though 58. Humans should continue to develop AI. While it brings environmental costs, AI also boosts efficiency, improves lives in many fields like medicine. We can address drawbacks through regulation and innovation. 【解析】 【导语】本文聚焦人工智能发展，阐述其在运行中产生高能耗、硬件升级加剧电子垃圾等环境成本问题，还提及各国应对电子垃圾政策现状、企业减少电子垃圾的策略，以及人工智能产品回收因数据存储存在的难点。 【57题详解】 ①考查形容词。依据文章整体内容，从第一段“Every time AI creates an e-mail or an image, the planet pays for it. Making two images can consume as much energy as charging a smartphone; a single exchange with ChatGPT can heat up a server so much that it requires a bottle’s worth of water to cool. As AI becomes more wildly used, these costs rise sharply. (每次人工智能生成一封电子邮件或一幅图像时，地球都要为此付出代价。生成两张图像所消耗的能量，相当于给一部智能手机充电的能量；与ChatGPT进行一次交互，会使服务器升温严重，需要一瓶水的量来冷却。随着人工智能的使用越来越广泛，这些成本急剧上升)”，以及后文对AI带来的能源消耗、电子垃圾等环境方面成本的论述，可知是在讲AI的环境成本，表示“环境的”应用形容词environmental，该词用于修饰Cost，体现成本与环境相关的属性。故填environmental。 ②考查形容词。从文中“As AI becomes more wildly used, these costs rise sharply. (随着人工智能被更广泛地使用，这些成本急剧上升)”以及对环境产生影响可知，AI操作高能耗对环境有负面影响。表示“负面的；不利的”应用形容词negative，修饰effects。故填negative。 ③考查形容词。依据“Now, few countries strictly deal with e-waste. (现在，很少有国家严格处理电子垃圾)”，这里说很少有国家有严格的政策处理电子垃圾，表示“严格的”应用形容词strict，修饰policies。故填strict。 ④考查形容词。由“Updating and reusing outdated hardware components (部件) can also cut waste by 42 percent. (更新和重复使用过时的硬件部件也可以减少42%的浪费)”可知，是对过时的部件进行更新和重复使用，表示“过时的”应用形容词outdated，修饰components。故填outdated。 ⑤考查动词。根据“Efficient chip (芯片) and algorithm (算法) design further reduce the demand for hardware and electricity. (高效的芯片和算法设计进一步降低对硬件和电力的需求)”，AI公司设计可以更节能的芯片和算法，表示“设计”应用动词design，此处为谓语动词，情态动词can后用动词原形。故填design。 ⑥考查名词。从“But big tech companies can afford to both erase that data and properly get rid of their electronics. (但大型科技公司有能力删除这些数据并妥善处理他们的电子产品)”可知，大型科技公司应采取行动，表示“行动”应用名词action，“take action to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“采取行动做某事”。故填action。 ⑦考查连词。结合“Yes, it costs something,” he says of broader e-waste recycling, “but the gains for society are much larger. (他谈到更广泛的电子垃圾回收时说：‘是的，这需要付出一定代价，但对社会的好处要大得多)”，说明尽管过程成本高，但社会长期收益更大，表示“虽然/尽管”应用连词Although/Though引导让步状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Although/Though。 【58题详解】 开放性试题。先亮明自己的观点，如“Humans should continue to develop AI.”；再简洁说明积极作用“It boosts efficiency in various fields.”；其次点明虽有环境问题但可解决的解决方法。“Though it has environmental issues, we can address them via innovation and regulation.”。这样就完整的表达了自己的看法以及观点，故答案为：Humans should continue to develop AI. While it brings environmental costs, AI also boosts efficiency, improves lives in many fields like medicine. We can address drawbacks through regulation and innovation. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 灌南县2024～2025学年第二学期期中调研考试 高一英语试题 注意事项： 1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。 2.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。 3.请用2B铅笔和0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上指定区域作答。 第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where is the Teen Eye Building? A. On Madison Street. B. Opposite a museum. C. At the end of 7th Street. 2. What will the woman do next? A. Have a shower. B. Clean her teeth. C. Wash her face. 3. What does the woman think of living in a city? A. Dangerous. B. Convenient. C. Exciting. 4. What is the woman doing? A. Learning a language. B. Having an interview. C. Giving an English class. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. What the man will do on the weekend. B. How the man will get to Washington. C. When the man will go to work. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6. What does the man suggest the woman do? A. Tidy her room. B. Search for the report. C. Avoid telling her boss the truth. 7. Where has the woman found the report? A. On the desk. B. On the bookshelf. C. On the floor. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 8. From whom did the woman know the man likes watching movies? A. The manager. B. The man’s wife. C. The man’s brother. 9. What will the man do this weekend? A. Listen to classical music. B. Go to the movies. C. Visit his brother. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 10. What is Joan going to do? A. Visit a friend. B. Cook a meal. C. Meet her mother. 11. Why doesn’t the man want to eat hamburgers? A. They are unhealthy. B. He had them yesterday. C. He is tired of them. 12 What will the speakers have for dinner? A. Japanese food. B. French food. C. Chinese food. 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 13. When does the conversation probably take place? A. At the end of a term. B. In the middle of a term. C. At the beginning of a term. 14. What does the woman suggest doing? A. Inviting a famous actor to the party. B. Playing some good music at the party. C. Asking everyone to dress up at the party. 15. What will the speakers discuss tomorrow? A. What clothes to wear. B. What games to organize. C. What competitions to have. 16. What food will the speakers prepare? A. Pizza. B. Bread. C. Fried chicken. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 17 Why did the speaker have a bad sleep before the trip? A. She looked forward to Christmas. B. She missed her aunt very much. C. She was too excited about the trip. 18. How did the speaker go to the airport? A. By bus. B. By car. C. By taxi. 19. When did the speaker’s plane take off? A. At 1:40 p.m. B. At 1:50 p.m. C. At 2:00 p.m. 20. What did the speaker see on her trip? A. Birds and beautiful buildings. B. Land and white clouds. C. Hills and rivers 第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Environmental Books For Kids City Green, by DyAnne DiSalvo-Ryan (1994) It is a great book on how anyone can take action and make a difference. In it, Marcy, a young girl, wants to plant a garden in the vacant lot(空地) of her city block. The book describes every step of building a community garden for everyone to share. It comes with a handy guide on how you can start your own community garden! Kate, Who Tamed the Wind, by Liz Garton Scanlon (2018) This book is a wonderful story of problem-solving and perseverance (坚持不懈), as it tells the story of a young girl who decides to stop the wild wind from blowing by planting trees. It is a great read explaining the important role of trees in our lives and the planet as well as the importance of nature-based solutions. We Are Water Protectors, by Carole Lindstrom (2020) If you want to learn more about native people and the importance of protecting water, this is the book for you. It is a story of a young girl who stands up for environmental justice (正义) and becomes an activist who fights to protect the world from pollution. Pangolina, by Jane Goodall (2021) A pangolin is to be unlawfully sold at the market. Luckily for her, a little girl, who knows that pangolins are friendly animals with feelings just like humans, asks her mother to buy Pangolina and set her free. If you love animals and you want to learn more about the problems of wildlife traffic as well as the importance of protecting endangered animals, this wonderful book is a good choice. 1. Which book would you recommend to someone interested in gardening? A. City Green. B. Pangolina. C. We Are Water Protectors. D. Kate, Who Tamed the Wind. 2. When was the book covering native people’s movement printed? A. In 1994 B. In 2018. C. In 2020. D. In 2021. 3. Who wrote the book about saving animals? A. DyAnne DiSalvo-Ryan. B. Liz Garton Scanlon. C. Carole Lindstrom. D. Jane Goodall. B Do you take your own shopping bag with you when you go shopping? Most people don’t. It’s easier to just ask for a plastic bag when you’re checking out. But the truth is that most of these bags will end up in the ocean, killing wildlife and even ending up in the seafood that we eat. Plastic pollution has become a major problem around the world. China creates about 59 million tons of plastic waste each year, while the US creates about 37 million tons, according to a 2018 scientific report. But two sisters from Bali are doing their part to stop this from happening. They started a global campaign called Bye Bye Plastic Bags (BBPB) . Its members encourage people to use fewer plastic bags. They also advise local leaders in their area to ban the bags. Melati Wijsen, 17, and her sister Isabel, 15, started BBPB in 2013 after learning about great leaders like Nelson Mandela and Lady Diana in school. They asked themselves, “What can we do as children living in Bali, now, to make a difference?” The Wijsen sisters have spoken to 20,000 young people about the dangers of plastic. They also created two educational booklets for primary schools in Indonesia. They are crazy about their work, especially when it comes to protecting Bali. Their hard work pushed officials in Bali to make the island refuse plastic bags by 2018. The sisters have no plans to stop any time soon. Though they know there will be difficulties along the way, they think their hard work will pay off. “Were not telling you it’s going to be easy. We’re telling you it’ going to be worth it,” Isabel said. 4. What does the first paragraph talk about? A. How to go shopping. B. The bad condition of the ocean. C. The dangers of plastic bags. D. Why people use plastic bags. 5. The Wijsen sisters started BBPB because ______ . A. they want to make more money B. they want people to use fewer plastic bags C. they want people to pick up the plastic bags in the ocean D. they want to encourage local leaders to produce better plastic bags 6. What did the sisters Melati Wijsen and Isabel do to protect Bali? ① They put up lots of notices of saving sea animals. ② They gave speeches about the dangers of plastic pollution. ③ They provided free paper bags for shoppers. ④ They made educational booklets for students. A. ②④ B. ①② C. ②③ D. ③④ 7. The sisters Melati Wijsen and Isabel think “______ ” about their campaign. A. it hasn’t been planned very well B. it isn’t easy for them to control C. it is going to be easier in the future D. It is difficult to do but meaningful C In a number of studies, researchers found highly trained dogs may be more successful than untrained pets in independently solving newly-presented problems. Researchers have discovered that one of the factors (因素) behind this process may be persistence (坚持). It includes reinforcement, the rule that behaviors that are rewarded become stronger and more often. The other side of this is extinction, which refers to the fact that behaviors that are not rewarded grow weaker and become less likely to appear. When extinction sets in, the animal will simply quit before the problem is solved. It is possible that highly trained dogs have learned to persist and thus are less likely to be affected by extinction, which would make them better problem solvers. In this recent study, the researchers looked at 26 adult dogs divided into two groups, “trained dogs” and “pet dogs”. There were two tasks that the dogs were tested on. One was a social learning task where the dog had to learn to look directly into the experimenter’s eyes. Every time the dog stared at the experimenter’s face, they received a treat (reinforcement). Once the dogs were performing this task, the extinction stage began, and the staring behavior was no longer rewarded in order to see how persistent the newly learned behavior was. The second task focused on problem-solving. It involved a flat disk that had bone-shaped plastic bones. The dogs had to learn to remove the plastic bones to get the treat hiding under each one. After the series (一系列) of rewarded experiments, the extinction stage began, and no more reinforcements were provided for removing the bones. In the social learning task, the trained dogs stared at the experimenters more than the pet dogs during extinction. While in the problem-solving task, the trained dogs picked up a larger number of bones during extinction. In other words, for dogs who had been trained, their newly learned behaviors persisted longer and were stronger than the behaviors of the pet dogs who received no training in any area. 8. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By listing a fact. B. By raising a doubt. C. By making a comparison. D. By showing a conclusion. 9. Which of the following can be seen as “reinforcement”? A. Chaining a dog up while walking it every day. B. Giving a goat some grass every time it stands up. C. Putting a fish back into the pool every time it jumps out. D. Shouting at a cat every time it fails to catch a mouse. 10. How can dogs benefit from training in the experiment? A. They are better at helping their friends. B. They can grow stronger than untrained dogs. C. They are more likely to live longer. D. Their newly learned behaviors last longer. 11. Which of the following can be the best title of the text? A. How to Pick out a Suitable Pet Dog B. Why Persistent Dogs Make Better Pets C. Why Trained Dogs Solve Problems Better D. How Researchers Carry out Animal Experiments D Last September, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) took legal action against the company behind an AI writing tool and content producer called Rytr. The FTC accused Rytr of offering a service that could pollute the marketplace with fake (假的) reviews. The FTC, which banned the sale or purchase of fake reviews in 2024, said some of Rytr’s buyers used the tool to produce hundreds and perhaps thousands of reviews. The Transparency Company is a technology company and public protection group that uses software to discover fake reviews. For a recently released report, the company examined 73 million reviews in three areas: home, legal and medical services. Nearly 14 percent of the reviews were likely fake. The company expressed a “high degree of confidence” that 2.3 million reviews were partly or entirely AI-produced. False, or fake, reviews have long appeared on many popular websites across a wide range of industries, from e-commerce and travel to services such as home repairs, medical care and music lessons. Though some companies are giving users some ability to use AI, they already use special programs and investigative teams to find and eliminate fake reviews. The Coalition for Trusted Reviews, which Amazon, Trustpilot, Glassdoor, Tripadvisor, Expedia and Booking. com launched last year, said that even though people may put AI to illegal use, the technology also presents “an opportunity to push back against those who seek to use reviews to mislead others”. The FTC’s rule banning fake reviews, which took effect in October, permits the agency to fine businesses and individuals who take part in fake reviews. Tech companies hosting such reviews are protected from the punishment. This is because they are not legally responsible under U.S. law for the content that outsiders post on their websites. “Their efforts so far are not nearly enough,” said Kay Dean, a former federal criminal investigator who runs a public protection group called Fake Review Watch. “If these tech companies are so committed to removing review on their platforms, why is it that I, one individual who works with no automation, can find hundreds or even thousands of fake reviews on any given day?” 12. What was Rytr charged with? A. Offering illegal writing tools. B. Letting out online users’ privacy. C. Allowing users to produce fake contents. D. Misleading its users to buy fake products. 13. What did the recent report by the Transparency Company show? A. Online reviews cover many aspects. B. Most online reviews are fake or false. C. Al is powerful to identify fake information. D. Many online reviews are likely produced by AI. 14. Which of the following can refer to the underlined word “eliminate” nin Para. 3? A. Add. B. Defend. C. Remove. D. Ignore. 15. What does Kay Dean think of the efforts by technology companies? A. A bit surprising. B. Far from satisfying. C. Extremely helpful. D. Much too useless. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 In the U.S., 7.5 million acres of land are lost to wildfires every year, mostly with human-related causes. Weather can affect these fires, but what people do makes it worse. The main reasons for these fires are burning rubbish, overheated or sparking (冒火花) machines, and campfires. ____16____. It is the key to reducing what could start a fire. By taking into account the methods of preventing wildfires, we can keep the big problems under control. Practicing responsible farming and rubbish disposal (处理) Farmers sometimes burn dry plants to put nutrients back into the ground. ____17____. While this is not the healthiest form of rubbish disposal, many people do it, especially in faraway places. These activities are often the cause of wildfires. When ashes are not properly put out or weather conditions are poor, fires grow and spread to nearby ecosystems. Preventing machinery-related hazards (隐患) ____18____. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid using spark-producing tools as they can light dry plants on fire. Additionally, refueling heated engines is dangerous, as it can cause fires. In general, it is a good idea to have fire-extinguishing equipment on hand to prevent the growth of small fires that could be caused by machines. ____19____ While having fun outdoors, ensure that you enjoy yourself in a safe environment. One such example includes making sure that campfires are completely put out. If fireworks are being lit, it is important to take wildfire prevention measures. Fireworks should not be lit in or near forests. Additionally, water the grass near the fireworks area and don’t start fireworks when it is windy. ____20____. A. Maintaining a safe environment B. The forest is rapidly cleared of people C. Burning rubbish is another related activity D. These measures will prevent unexpected fires E. Warning your friends of the possibility of the coming danger F. Hot equipment and overheated engines can easily start wildfires G. Fire prevention and control are only possible through responsible behavior 第二部分 语言运用(共三节，满分40分) 第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) One moment Marzela was combing(梳)her hair, the next she and the rest of her family were running from their home in terror. A huge ___21___ made the walls around them shake. They only just managed to ___22___ from their house as a second quake brought it crashing down completely. In the ___23___ that followed, Marzela heard someone calling her name and turned to see her brother. She fled the scene on the back of her older ___24___ motorbike. “I kept crying because I was so ___25___,” she remembers. The giant earthquake caused a severe tsunami; nearly 165,000 people were ___26___ to leave their homes. Water supplies and other vital infrastructure(基础设施)were ___27___. Families were left without clean ___28___ and put at heightened risk of disease. With donor support, Save the Children’s teams have ___29___ vital healthcare, shelter and fresh water. They’ve set up _____30_____ , built temporary schools and provided shelter. They helped save thousands of children’s lives. With their home in ruins, Marzela and her family spent a month _____31_____ under tarpaulins(防水油布)in the jungle. But now, though _____32_____, thanks to a cash support provided by Save the Children, they’re beginning to _____33_____ their lives. Marzela is back at school and looking forward to the future, when she _____34_____ to become a teacher. And she really wants to _____35_____ the goodwill she has received in her own way. 21. A. hurricane B. earthquake C. flood D. storm 22. A. reach B. find C. escape D. move 23. A. disorders B. responses C. stories D. experiments 24. A. sibling’s B. friend’s C. classmate’s D. neighbor’s 25. A. sad B. touched C. excited D. afraid 26. A. persuaded B. encouraged C. predicted D. forced 27. A. ruined B. repaired C. strengthened D. moved 28. A. clothes B. air C. water D. tents 29. A. received B. provided C. chose D. investigated 30. A. factories B. clinics C. canteens D. camps 31. A. volunteering B. working C. sleeping D. studying 32. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily 33. A. enrich B. improve C. change D. rebuild 34. A. hopes B. needs C. fails D. continues 35. A. record B. spread C. cherish D. admire 第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 As a smartphone addict, the first thing I did when I woke up in the morning was reach for my phone. Sometimes I did feel that the small machine had taken up too much of my time and____36____some changes should be made. I decided that I should begin with spending a whole week____37____my smartphone. However, developing into a habit was easy. It was____38____ (extreme) difficult to quit the habit. On the first few days, not____39____ (know) what to do, I felt lost and anxious. Then somehow I began to feel free because I had time to do things that I liked and finally my favorite novels ____40____ (pick) up again. To trace my progress, I kept a journal of my feelings, thoughts and____41____ (activity). I went out for a run and felt more alive. Best of all, I began to appreciate ____42____beauty in life with my own eyes. It was also____43____ (benefit) to my offline relationship. I spent more time with friends and parents. Those seven days really changed me a lot. Now I no longer spend my days with my eyes____44____ (fix) on the screen all the time. Instead, have a great _____45_____ (appreciate) for if e beyond the screen, which is indeed richer and more beautiful. 第三节(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的词或短语，并用其适当形式填空。每个词或短语只用一次。 sharp harm give rise to extinct come up with locate breathe life into application otherwise lie in Human activities ____46____ nature for centuries. Industrial waste has polluted the rivers severely, directly ____47____ the complete disappearance of 200 species since the early 20th century. Recent studies have confirmed that industrial pollution has caused a ____48____ 68% decrease in wildlife populations. Engineers are now ____49____ solutions, such as wind farms ____50____ in coastal areas. Though green energy ____51____ are increasing, oil spills still occur annually. Without urgent action, environmental disasters will ____52____ worsen by 2050. Tomorrow’s technology may ____53____ damaged ecosystems. Immediate action is needed now—let’s prevent future generations from witnessing more species break down into ____54____. The choice between survival and ruin firmly _____55_____ our hands. 第四部分 书面表达(共两节，满分30分) 第一节 应用文写作(满分15分) 56. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校即将举行主题为“低碳生活，保护环境”的一项环保活动。请你用英语写一封倡议书，要点包括： 1.保护环境的重要性； 2.学生如何低碳生活； 3.发出倡议。 注意： 1词数80词左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear fellow students, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节 阅读表达(满分15分) 阅读下列短文，完成文后填空题和表答题。 Every time AI creates an e-mail or an image, the planet pays for it. Making two images can consume as much energy as charging a smartphone; a single exchange with ChatGPT can heat up a server so much that it requires a bottle’s worth of water to cool. As AI becomes more wildly used, these costs rise sharply. And a new study in Nature Computational Science identifies another concern—electronic waste. AI’s rapid hardware upgrades (升级), lasting from 2 to 5 years, worsens the issues, with new versions (版本) replacing old ones frequently. Asaf Tzachor, who co-authored the new study, says its findings stress the need to monitor. and reduce AI’s environmental footprint, which includes energy consumption and hardware waste. Now few countries strictly deal with e-waste. For example, only 20 US states have policies for dealing with e-waste but no federal law. Initiatives (方案) like the AI Environmental Impacts Act of 2024 aim to set standards for AI’s environmental impacts, though, it hasn’t been passed. Some companies, however, claim to be taking independent action. Microsoft and Google have promised to reach net zero waste and emissions by 2030. AI companies have multiple ways to limit e-waste. It’s possible to increase the service life of hardware, for example, through regular maintenance (维护) and upgrades. Updating and reusing outdated hardware components (部件) can also cut waste by 42 percent. Efficient chip (芯片) and algorithm (算法) design further reduce the demand for hardware and electricity. These combined strategies would reduce e-waste by 86 percent. However, recycling AI products is harder because they store private user data, says Kees Baldé, an e-waste researcher. But big tech companies can afford to both erase that data and properly get rid of their electronics, he points out. “Yes, it costs something,” he says of broader e-waste recycling, “but the gains for society are much larger.” 57. 根据文章内容，使用适当的词完成下列表格，每空一词。 Title: The Digital Age: The ________ Cost of AI Concerns ◆AI operations demand high energy, which has ________ effects on environment with AI used more wildly. ◆AI hardware is replaced every 2-5 years, contributing to global electronic waste ◆Few countries have ________ policies to get rid of e-waste, and enforcement is often weak. ◆AI products store private user data, making recycling harder. Strategies ◆AI companies can increase the service life of hard ware through maintenance, update and reuse of ________ components. ◆AI companies can ________ more energy-efficient chips and algorithms to reduce the demand for hardware and electricity. ◆Large tech companies should take ________ to erase private user data and properly get rid of their electronics. Conclusion ________ this process costs a lot, the long-term benefits for society are far greater than the costs. 58. .回答下列问题，写作词数应为50词左右。 In your opinion, should humans continue to develop AI or stop its development? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$