Unit8 Section A （Grammar Focus-4c）课件 2024-2025学年鲁教版（五四制）八年级英语下册

Unit 8 What are the shirts made of？ Section A （Grammar Focus-4c） 宁阳县实验中学首课思政负责制 网站资源：http://taskfz.com:8860/?m=home&c=Lists&a=index&tid=21 育人点：介绍中国制造，坚持创新 育人目的和内容：了解当今世界制造业的格局 看到中国在世界经济中的优势和短处 引导学生努力学习科学文化知识 变中国制造为中国创造 Learning objectives 1.Tell the difference between active voice and passive voice; 2.Know the form of passive voice and can change active voice into passive voice. 3.Use passive voice with present tense properly and correctly in your daily life. 能够说出主动语态和被动语态的区别。 了解被动语态的形式，并能将主动语态转化为被动语态。 能在日常生活中正确地使用一般现在时的被动语态。 读 Warming up I sing the song. The song is sung by me. You play the song. The song is played by you. He plays the drums. The drums are played by him. ... 跟唱 1. 你的衬衫是棉的吗？ ____ your shirts _____ ____ cotton? 2. 是的, 而且它们产于美国。 Yes, they are. And they were _____ ___ the US. 3. 飞机模型是由什么制成？ ______ the model plane ______ of? made in Are made of What’s made Grammar Focus 填空并读背 4. 它是由旧木头和玻璃制成。 It’s made of ____ _____ and ______. 5. 茶产自中国哪里？ ______ ___ tea _________ in China? 6. 茶产自很多不同的地区。 It’s produced in many ________ _____. 7. 茶是如何制成的？ _____ is tea __________? Where is produced different areas used wood glass How produced 填空并读背 8. 茶树种植在山坡上。当茶叶长成后, 它们被手工采摘下来，然后送去加工。 Tea plants ____ ______ on the sides of the mountains. When the leaves are ready, they ____ ______ by hand and then ___ ____ for processing. are grown are picked are sent 填空并读背 在杭州人们种植茶叶。 Active Voice： People _____ ____ in Hangzhou. Passive Voice ：Tea ___ ______ (by people) in Hangzhou. grow tea is grown 填空并读背 ★ (一)被动语态的含义 英语动词有两种语态: (1)主动语态(The Active Voice)：表示主语是动作的执行者； e.g. Many people speak English.许多人讲英语。 谓语speak 这一动词是由主语many people来执行的。 (2)被动语态(The Passive Voice)：表示主语是动作的承受者。 e.g. English is spoken by many people.英语被许多人讲。 主语English是speak这一动作的承受者。 听 读 理解 ★(二)被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be有人称、时态和数的变化。 注意：当说话者不知道动作的执行者或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，只需要强调动作的承受者，可以使用被动语态。如果需要在被动语态中指出动作的执行者时可用介词 by引出。 e.g. Chinese is spoken by the largest number of people in the world. 译： 汉语是世界上使用人数最多的（语言）。 听 读 理解 Let's review Write down the past tense and the past participle of the verbs. 写出下面动词的过去式和过去分词形式 allow cover clean plant make speak break build allowed allowed covered covered cleaned cleaned planted planted made made spoke spoken broke broken built built Regular（规则的） Irregular(不规则的） 复习回顾 ★(三)一般现在时的被动语态 (1)一般现在时被动语态的构成：am/is are+及物动词的过去分词 e.g. ①This knife wood and metal. 这把刀是用木头和金属制造的。 e.g.②These bananas Hainan. 这些香蕉产于海南。 e.g. ③I my uncle. 我由我的叔叔照顾。 is made of are produced in am taken care of by 听 读 理解 (2)一般现在时的被动语态的句式结构 ①肯定句：主语+am/is/are +及物动词过去分词 (+by...). e.g. The kite Mary. 这个风筝是玛丽做的。 is made by ②否定句：主语 +am/is/are + not +及物动词过去分词(+by...). e.g. The kite Mary. 这个风筝不是玛丽做的。 isn’t made by ③一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+及物动词过去分词 ( +by...)? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+am/is/are. 否定回答：No,主语+isn't/aren't或No, I'm not. e.g.-这个风筝是玛丽做的吗? ? (译) -是的，它是。 -不，它不是。 Is the kite made by Mary Yes, it is. No, it isn't. 听 读 理解 ★(四)主动语态和被动语态的转化 主动语态转化为被动语态的步骤如下: (1)确定主动句的主语、谓语和宾语。 (2)把主动句里的宾语变为被动句里的主语,若主动句里的 宾语是人称代词,要将宾格变为主格。 (3)把谓语变成被动结构“be+动词的过去分词”但时态不 能改变。 (4)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 后作宾语,若主语是人 称代词，应把主格变为宾格。 听 读 理解 主动句： 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 被动语态： 主语+be +及物动词过去分词+ by +宾语 e.g. I clean my room. 主语 谓语 宾语 My room is cleaned by me. 听 读 理解 【注意】 如果主动句中有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语),可以把其中任意一个变成被动句的主语。 e.g. 我的老师给我许多书。 My teacher gives me a lot of books. (主动语态) 主语 谓语 间宾 直宾 被动语态: a lot of books by my teacher. 被动语态: A lot of books by my teacher. I am given are given to me 听 读 填空 被动语态的几种特殊类型 1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语 give me a book = give a book to me 间宾 直宾 直宾 间宾 (1) He gives me a book. 主动语态 变为被动语态---- I am given a book by him. (2) I buy him a book. 主动语态 变为被动语态---- A book is bought for him by me. to: for: pass, give, show, bring, sell, send, tell, teach, return, lend, offer,... make, buy, cook... 听 读 理解 2.与感官有关的动词和使役动词的被动语态 即：一感：feel 二听：hear listen to 三让：make have let 四看：see watch look at notice e.g. 1.I see him play basketball. --- 2.The boss makes him work for 10 hours. --- He is seen to play basketball by me. He is made to work for 10 hours. 这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不加to，但变被动句时必须加to. 听 读 理解 3.不用被动语态的情况 1）像happen, take place等不及物动词没有被动语态。 e.g. A traffic accident happened just now. 2）感官动词look, sound, taste, smell，feel 等不用被动语态。 e.g. Mooncakes taste delicious. The idea sounds great. 听 读 理解 4.主动形式表被动意义 1）当表示主语质地,自身特征的动词open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 与副词well或easily连用时，可用主动语态表被动意义，用作不及物动词。 This kind of pen writes smoothly. This kind of shirt sells well here. 2) 在be worth doing中，doing表被动意义 His book is worth reading. 3) need doing =need to be done . (to be done 表不定式的被动结构) require doing=require to be done My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired. 听 读 理解 另外，大家也可以参考《同步》P89-90 进一步复习一般现在时的被动语态的相关内容。 其他时态和含有情态动词的被动语态，请参考课本P87-88，适当拓展 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. 4a 1. People under 18 __________________ (not allowed) to drive in China. 2. We _________ (pay) by the boss on the last Friday of each month. 3. A: What language ___________ (speak) in Germany? B: Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too. 4. Most of the earth’s surface ______________ (cover) by water. 5. The classroom ______________ (clean) by the students every day. n.德国 n. 表面; 表层 is cleaned are not allowed are paid is spoken is covered 分析 填空 1. People under 18 aren't allowed to drive in China. sb.be allowed to do sth. 某人被允许做某事。 为 allow sb. to do sth. (允许某人做某事)的被动形式。 其否定形式为 sb. be not allowed to do sth.,意为“某人不被允许做某事”。 e.g. People in public. 公共场所不允许吸烟。 are not allowed to smoke 理解 填空 [拓展] allow 的常用结构: ①allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 e.g. They choose courses they like.他们允许学生选择自己喜欢的课程。 ②allow doing sth. 允许做某事 e.g.We don’t allow in public places. 我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。 allow students to smoking 理解 填空 The names of countries America — American Britain — British France — French — Frenchman Germany — German Japan — Japanese Canada — Canadian Australia — Australian Italy — Italian 记笔记 Let's change! 被动句和主动句如何转换呢？ Many people speak Chinese Chinese is spoken by many people 补充第五个步骤：如果还有其他成分那么照挪下来 理解 记笔记 4b Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice. 1. Farmers plant the tea on the sides of mountains. 2. This shop uses the best materials to make dresses. 3. The judge punished the careless driver for the traffic accident. dents. The best materials are used to make dresses by this shop. The careless driver was punished by the judge for the traffic accident. The tea is planted on the sides of mountains by farmers. n.材料;原料 n. 交通; 路上行驶的车辆 用被动语态造句 4b 4. The postman brings letters and postcards to people’s homes. 5. Our family does not use this silver plate very often. n.邮递员 Letters and postcards are brought to people’s homes. This silver plate is not used very often by our family. 用被动语态造句 Let's talk! 4c Pencil, jacket,sweater, T-shirt,shoes,cap,gloves,ring... A: What's your pencil made of ? B: lt's made of wood. A: Where was it made? B: lt was made in Shanghai. Ask your classmates about something they are wearing or have in their schoolbags. 询问你的同学他们穿的衣服或书包里的东西由什么制造的，在哪里制造的 用被动语态编对话 ( )1. —Why did he get up so early to work? —In order to the heavy traffic in the city. A. avoid B. stop C. cancel D. solve ( )2. Today Chinese by more and more people around the world. A. use B. uses C. was used D. is used ( )3. The young trees every three days. A. are watered . B. were watered C. are watering D. have watered ( )4. Children to keep away from the medicine for their safety. . . A. are told B. tell C. are telling D. was told A D A A Exercises 单选 复习 $$