专题07 语法知识之非谓语动词-2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题07 语法知识之非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的定义与分类 非谓语动词是指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式。在英语中，一个句子一般只有一个谓语动词，若出现其他动词，往往要以非谓语动词形式呈现。非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。 （一）动词不定式 动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，在某些情况下可以不带 to 。它没有人称和数的变化，虽然不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，可带有自己的宾语和状语。 1.作宾语 （1）动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构： 常见的这类动词有 agree（同意）、choose（选择）、expect（期望）、manage（设法）、wish（希望）、like（喜欢）、hate（讨厌）、prefer（更喜欢）、continue（继续）、try（尝试）、start（开始）、forget（忘记）、afford（负担得起）、decide（决定）、fail（失败）、hope（希望）、learn（学习）、offer（提供）、prepare（准备）、plan（计划）、promise（承诺）、refuse（拒绝）、want（想要）等。 例如：I want to buy a new book.（我想买一本新书。） （2）动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 的不定式结构 这类动词常见的有 tell（告诉）、advise（建议）、show（展示）、teach（教）、find out（查明）、decide（决定）、discuss（讨论）、learn（学习）、forget（忘记）、know（知道）、explain（解释）、remember（记得）、see（看见）、wonder（想知道）等。疑问词常见的有 what（什么）、where（哪里）、who (m)（谁）、when（何时）、how（怎样）、whether（是否）、which（哪一个）等。 例如：I don't know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题。） 2.作目的状语 可置于句首或句末。置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开；放在句末时，一般不用逗号。如： To get good grades, we should study hard. = We should study hard to get good grades.（为了取得好成绩，我们应该努力学习。） 3.作宾语补足语 对宾语进行补充说明，常见的接动词不定式作宾补的动词有 allow（允许）、choose（选择）、want（想要）、tell（告诉）、ask（要求）、invite（邀请）、help（帮助）等。例如： My mother asks me to clean my room.（我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。） 4.作主语 动词不定式作主语时，为保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语 —— 动词不定式后置。常用句型为：It’s + 形容词 / 名词 + of (for) sb. to do sth. 。若形容词描述人的品质（如 careful 细心的、careless 粗心的、kind 友善的、nice 和蔼的、polite 礼貌的、stupid 愚蠢的、brave 勇敢的等），则用 of；否则用 for 。例如： It's kind of you to help me.（你帮助我，真是太好了。） It's difficult for us to learn math well.（对我们来说，学好数学很难。） 5.作定语 放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。与被修饰词之间可能存在以下关系：一是表将来的动作，如：I have a lot of homework to do tomorrow.（我明天有很多作业要做。）；二是有动宾关系，若不定式为不及物动词，需加上适当介词，如： I need a pen to write with.（我需要一支笔来写字。） 6.否定结构 在 to 前加 not，即 not to + 动词原形。如： The teacher tells us not to play in the street.（老师告诉我们不要在街上玩。） 7.不带 to 的动词不定式 在某些动词后面，作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to 。常见的这类动词有 see（看见）、hear（听见）、watch（观看）、notice（注意到）、make（使，让）、let（让）、have（使）等。help 后的不定式可带 to 也可不带 to 。例如： I saw him play basketball on the playground.（我看见他在操场上打篮球。） Let's go home.（让我们回家吧。） （二）动名词 动名词由 “动词 + -ing” 构成，它具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1.作主语 如：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。） 2.作宾语 常见的接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有 enjoy（喜欢）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、imagine（想象）、keep（保持）、mind（介意）、practise（练习）、suggest（建议）、give up（放弃）、be busy（忙于）、have fun（玩得开心）、be afraid of（害怕）、be good at（擅长）、be interested in（对…… 感兴趣）、look forward to（期待）等。例如： I enjoy reading books in my free time.（我喜欢在空闲时间读书。） 3.作表语 如：My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮。） 4.作定语 一般表示所修饰名词的用途等，如：a swimming pool（游泳池），这里 swimming 修饰 pool，表示这个池子是用来游泳的。 （三）分词 分词主要有现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）两种形式。 1.现在分词：由动词加 -ing 构成，常表示主动或正在进行的动作。 （1）作表语：The story is very interesting.（这个故事很有趣。）这里 interesting 表示故事本身具有让人感兴趣的性质。 （2）作定语：The girl standing under the tree is my sister.（站在树下的那个女孩是我的妹妹。）standing under the tree 修饰 the girl，表示女孩正站在树下这个动作。 （3）作状语：Walking in the park, I met an old friend.（我在公园散步时，遇到了一位老朋友。）Walking in the park 表示伴随的动作，与句子主语 I 是主动关系。 （4）作宾语补足语：I saw him playing football on the playground.（我看见他正在操场上踢足球。）playing football 对 him 进行补充说明，强调看见时他正在进行踢足球这个动作。 2.过去分词：通常由动词的过去式变化而来（规则动词与过去式形式相同，不规则动词需特殊记忆），常表示被动或已经完成的动作。 （1）作表语：I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。）这里 interested 表示主语 “我” 被英语所吸引，处于感兴趣的状态。 （2)作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired.（破碎的窗户需要修理。）broken 修饰 window，表示窗户已经处于破碎的状态。 (3)作状语：Given more time, I can do it better.（如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。）Given more time 表示假设的条件，与句子主语 I 是被动关系，即 “我被给予更多时间”。 (4)作宾语补足语：We heard the song sung in English.（我们听到这首歌用英语演唱。）sung in English 对 the song 进行补充说明，歌曲是被用英语演唱的。 二、非谓语动词的形态变化 （一）动词不定式的时态和语态变化 1.一般式（to do /to be done）：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在之后，to do 表示主动，to be done 表示被动。例如： I want to go shopping.（我想去购物，“go shopping” 这个动作发生在 “want” 之后，主动关系） The book is to be read by him.（这本书将由他来读，“read” 这个动作与 “is” 之后发生，且书是被读，被动关系） 2.进行式（to be doing）：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，且为主动关系。如： He seems to be reading in the classroom.（他似乎正在教室里读书，“reading” 与 “seems” 同时发生） 3.完成式（to have done /to have been done）：to have done 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，且为主动；to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，且为被动。例如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（很抱歉让你久等了，“kept you waiting” 发生在 “am sorry” 之前，主动关系） The work is said to have been finished.（据说工作已经完成了，“finished” 发生在 “is said” 之前，工作是被完成，被动关系） （二）动名词的时态和语态变化 1.一般式（doing /being done）：doing 表示主动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生；being done 表示被动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。例如： I like reading books.（我喜欢读书，“reading” 与 “like” 同时存在，主动关系） The building being built is a new library.（正在被建造的那栋楼是一个新图书馆，“being built” 与 “is” 同时发生，被动关系） 2.完成式（having done /having been done）：having done 表示主动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前；having been done 表示被动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Having finished his homework, he went out to play.（完成作业后，他出去玩了，“finished his homework” 发生在 “went out” 之前，主动关系） Having been shown around the city, they were very excited.（被带领着参观了这座城市后，他们非常兴奋，“been shown around” 发生在 “were excited” 之前，被动关系） （三）分词的时态和语态变化 1.现在分词 （1）一般式（doing /being done）：doing 表示主动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；being done 表示被动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： The students listening to the teacher carefully are from Class One.（正在认真听老师讲课的学生们来自一班，“listening” 与 “are” 同时发生，主动关系） The house being painted is mine.（正在被粉刷的房子是我的，“being painted” 与 “is” 同时发生，被动关系） （2）完成式（having done /having been done）：having done 表示主动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前；having been done 表示被动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Having seen the film before, I don't want to see it again.（我以前看过这部电影，所以不想再看了，“seen the film” 发生在 “don't want” 之前，主动关系） Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（被告诉了很多次之后，他仍然犯了同样的错误，“been told” 发生在 “made” 之前，被动关系） 2.过去分词（done）：过去分词只有一种形式，表示被动或已经完成的动作，不强调时间先后顺序。如： The fallen leaves covered the ground.（落叶覆盖了地面，“fallen” 表示叶子已经落下，完成的状态） The letter written by him is very moving.（他写的这封信非常感人，“written” 表示信是被他写的，被动关系） 三、常用非谓语动词短语结构 （一）动词 + 带 to 的不定式 ask sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事）：The teacher asks us to clean the classroom.（老师要求我们打扫教室。） tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事）：My mother tells me to go to bed early.（妈妈告诉我早点睡觉。） want sb. to do sth.（想要某人做某事）：I want you to help me with my math.（我希望你帮我学数学。） encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）：Our teacher often encourages us to speak English in class.（我们老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。） expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事）：Parents expect their children to get good grades.（父母期望他们的孩子取得好成绩。） （二）动词 + 动名词 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事）：She enjoys dancing in her free time.（她喜欢在空闲时间跳舞。） practice doing sth.（练习做某事）：You should practice speaking English every day.（你应该每天练习说英语。） finish doing sth.（完成做某事）：I finished reading the book yesterday.（我昨天读完了这本书。） keep doing sth.（持续做某事）：The rain kept falling all day.（雨下了一整天。） mind doing sth.（介意做某事）：Would you mind opening the window?（你介意打开窗户吗？） （三）动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式（使役动词和感官动词后） make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）：The funny story made us laugh.（这个有趣的故事让我们大笑。） let sb. do sth.（让某人做某事）：Let him go home now.（现在让他回家吧。） have sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）：The boss had the workers work for ten hours a day.（老板让工人们一天工作十个小时。） see sb. do sth.（看见某人做了某事，强调全过程）：I saw him play basketball on the playground yesterday.（我昨天看见他在操场上打篮球了。） hear sb. do sth.（听见某人做了某事，强调全过程）：I heard her sing in the classroom just now.（我刚才听见她在教室里唱歌了。） watch sb. do sth.（观看某人做了某事，强调全过程）：We watched the children play games in the park.（我们观看孩子们在公园里做游戏。） （四）特殊句型中的非谓语动词 It's time to do sth.（是做某事的时候了）：It's time to go to school.（是上学的时候了。） It takes sb. some time to do sth.（做某事花费某人多长时间）：It took me two hours to finish my homework.（完成作业花了我两个小时。） be + 形容词 + to do sth.（做某事是…… 的）：It's important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） have fun doing sth.（做某事很开心）：We had fun playing games at the party.（我们在聚会上玩游戏玩得很开心。） have trouble /difficulty (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）：I have trouble understanding this passage.（我理解这篇文章有困难。） 一、单项选择 1．—Does Jim need ________ to school on Sunday? —No, he doesn’t. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 2．It _______ me two hours _______ my homework every day. A．spends; to finish B．costs; finishing C．takes; to finish D．pay; to finish 3．David promises ________ with the housework once or twice a week for the coming year. A．helps B．helped C．to help D．helping 4．It’s important ________ things before school. A．prepare B．preparing C．prepares D．to prepare 5．Jack manages ________ this task ahead of time. A．finish B．to finish C．finishing D．to finishing 6．—Would you like ________ tennis with me? —Sure. I like ________ tennis a lot. A．play; to play B．playing; to play C．to play; playing D．playing; playing 7．We should make joint efforts ________ the world a better place. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 8．—What wonderful green spaces at your school! —Exactly, a good place for students ________ time there. A．to take B．spending C．to spend D．taking 9．—Jack, what ________ do you want ________? —Nothing else. A．else; buy B．else; to buy C．other; buy D．other; to buy 10．—I have no time ________ computer games. —But your sister always has a good time ________ with her friends on the Internet. A．playing; chatting B．to play; to chat C．playing; to chat D．to play; chatting 11．Lin Dong expects ________ on the Thames River next summer. A．travel B．travelling C．to travel D．travelled 12．—I regret ________ you that you are fired for dishonesty. —Oh, no! I regret ________ to you, Mr. Blaine. Can you give me a second chance? —I’m afraid not. A．to tell; lying B．telling; to lie C．to tell; to lie D．telling; lying 13．There is going to rain. Don’t forget ________ an umbrella before you leave. A．takes B．taking C．will take D．to take 14．She hopes ________ a doctor like her father. She wants to help sick people. A．to be B．you be C．you to be D．her to be 15．—Could you tell me ________ for the food? —You can just pay on the phone. A．how to pay B．when to pay C．what to pay D．how much to pay 16．Mom, thank you for ________ of me and loving me every day. A．take care B．takes care C．taking care D．to take care 17．—Did you lie to your mother when you were a child? —Yes. But now I think I was wrong. I really regret _______ that silly thing. A．doing B．to do C．do D．does 18．Tim, don’t spend too much time ________ TV. It’s bad for your eyes. A．watch B．watches C．watching D．watched 19．Sandy chooses Daniel as her role model because he always helps a lot when she has problems ________ English. A．to learn B．learn C．learning D．learns 20．—I remember ________ the door when I left. —Yes, you did. But there is something wrong with the lock. A．locking B．lock C．locked D．to lock 21．Everyone in my class ______ music. A．enjoy listening to B．enjoy to listen to C．enjoys listening to D．enjoys to listen to 22．Nancy likes ________ books, but Betty loves ________ TV. A．read; watch B．reading; watching C．looking; watching D．reading; looking 23．Lisa is a tall girl with long hair and she enjoys ________ in her free time. A．sing B．sings C．to sing D．singing 24．This is my aunt’s piano. She enjoys ________ it very much. A．playing B．to play C．play D．plays 25．—What a clear river it is! I can see some small fish ________ in it. —Yes. The environment in our area is becoming better and better. A．swam B．swimming C．to swim D．swims 26．—Look! Can you see the children ________ games in the park? —Yes. The park is quite a good place to have a rest. A．playing B．plays C．play D．played 27．I hear the phone ________. Could you please answer it for me? A．ringing B．rang C．ring D．rings 28．Can you see the girl ________ in the playground? She loves sports very much. A．runs B．run C．running D．to run 29．Can you see some ________ on the hill? A．sheep running B．sheep are running C．sheeps running D．sheep to run 30．—Look at the photo. What can you see? —I can see some people ________ on the beach. A．lie B．lies C．lying D．are lying 31．I stood at the front of the door, quietly watching my father ________ the garden. A．water B．waters C．watering D．watered 32．I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room. A．dance B．dancing C．to dance D．dances 33．Yesterday when I passed the park, I saw many people __________ their tents. A．putting out B．put out C．put up D．putting up 34．Please try to get there on time. Don’t keep us ________. A．to wait B．waited C．wait D．waiting 35．—The thief ________ to us. In fact, he didn’t ________ the purse on the cupboard. —Yeah. The police found it ________ at the corner of the kitchen. A．lied; lay; lied B．lay; lie; lying C．lied; lay; lying D．lay; lying; lied 36．—Where is Lily? —I saw her ________ outside with her little brother just now. A．play B．playing C．to play D．plays 37．On my way home, I saw a policeman ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．helped C．helping D．to help 38．Tourists can see swans ________ on Kunming Lake. A．swam B．swum C．to swim D．swimming 39．We can see swans ________ on the lake. A．swiming B．to swim C．swam D．swimming 40．I often see an old lady ________ bread from a bakery on my way to school. A．buys B．to buy C．buying D．bought 41．The film ________ Monkey King is ________ these days. A．called, in B．called, on C．calling, on D．calling, in 42．There might (可能) be paper ________ because people in the UK use paper for presents. A．waste B．wastes C．wasted D．wasting 43．People in China get together with their ________ ones at Spring Festival. A．loving B．loved C．love D．loves 44．Recently, I’ve found a freestyle activity ________ skateboarding. A．call B．calling C．calls D．called 45．A new friend ________ Joe will be our classmate next term. A．calling B．called C．to call D．call 46．Jenny loves the book ________ Harry Potter and the Chamber Secrets very much and she reads it almost every day. A．calling B．to call C．call D．called 47．Do you know the dog ________ Jimmy? A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 48．—Hurry up. Look at the timetable. The last bus ________ at 11:30 p.m. —Don’t worry. We still have 10 minutes ________. A．leave; left B．left; leaves C．leaves; left D．will leave; leaves 49．Is there a panda __________ Beibei in Beijing Zoo? A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 50．Jenny and her friends are going to see a film ________ The Croods 2 this Saturday. A．calling B．to call C．call D．called 51．I have a friend ________ Bob in my school. A．call B．to call C．calls D．called 52．The boy ________ Tom comes from Britain. A．call B．calling C．called D．to call 53．—Why does Peng Jingxuan choose ________ the guzheng on the streets of France? —Because she wants to get more people to know about it, ________ it and love it. A．play, understand B．to play, understand C．plays, play D．playing, playing 54．— What do you think of the Changchun International Marathon (马拉松)? — It’s great! I think doing more exercise can help us ________ healthy. A．keeps B．kept C．keeping D．keep 55．He’s ________ his bike, but it starts ________. A．riding; to rain B．ride; rainy C．rides; rain D．rideing; to rain 56．________ the help of my friends, I learn ________ guitar. A．With; playing B．Under; to play C．With; to play D．Under; plays 57．Let’s ________ there, please. A．to go to B．go C．going D．went 58．—How do you go to school every day? —I often go to school on foot. I spend 10 minutes ________ to school every day. A．to walk B．walking C．walk D．walked 59．________ can help you ________ healthy. A．Do exercise; stay B．Doing exercise; stay C．Do exercises; to stay D．Doing exercises; staying 60．We had fun ______ computer games. A．play B．playing C．to play D．to playing 二、完形填空 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Zhang Jian is a 16-year-old boy. He has many good habits (习惯). 61 , he gets up early, and exercises every morning. He does well in his studies, and his favourite 62 are P. E. and English. Zhang Jian’s 63 is a good swimmer. When Zhang Jian was six years old, his father 64 to teach him how to swim. Zhang Jian could swim like a fish after some months’ learning. Each week, Zhang Jian spends (花费) more than 10 hours 65 . He spends at least an hour practicing swimming every day. In the morning, he goes to school by 66 . He likes riding bikes, 67 it is good for his health. On weekends, Zhang Jian gets up at 7:00 a.m., and swims in the pool for about three hours a day. Zhang Jian enjoys listening to 68 songs. “It is 69 to learn English,” he said. Zhang Jian’s parents often go to the pool on weekends to encourage him when they don’t have to work. Zhang Jian doesn’t mind spending a lot of time practicing. “I love swimming, and practice can help me do 70 in competitions. I sometimes get first prize,” he said. 61．A．In fact B．For example C．Because of D．As a result 62．A．books B．subjects C．sports D．colours 63．A．aunt B．uncle C．mother D．father 64．A．stopped B．started C．forgot D．followed 65．A．practicing B．drawing C．cleaning D．driving 66．A．train B．bike C．bus D．taxi 67．A．or B．so C．because D．but 68．A．Chinese B．Japanese C．English D．French 69．A．difficult B．silly C．boring D．helpful 70．A．badly B．well C．bad D．good 三、阅读理解 ①There is a farm in our school. It’s between the modern classroom building and the clean library, and it’s very large. ②Our school has 3 grades and 21 classes. Each class has an area (区域) to plant vegetables. The students in Grade 8 grow carrots and potatoes. The students in Grade 7 and Grade 9 grow tomatoes and beans (豆). The students in Grade 9 work with the students in Grade 7 and teach them to do farm work. Our teachers ask us to watch and record (记录) the plants’ information every day. We always draw some pictures or take photos to help finish it. I find it very interesting. ③What do we do with the vegetables at last? Our teachers take them to the school dining hall and then we eat them for lunch. The food is really delicious! ④Our teachers also ask us to learn how to feed animals. We often visit a smart green house on the farm because we can watch animals there and feed them. There are rabbits and ducks. They are so cute that we all like them. ⑤The farm is a green classroom for us. We can learn about different kinds of vegetables and animals and also have fun working as a farmer. 71．What do the students in Grade 9 do on the farm? a. grow carrots and potatoes b. teach the students in Grade 7 to do farm work c. grow tomatoes and beans d. teach the students in Grade 7 to take photos A．a, b B．b, c C．a, d D．c, d 72．From the passage, we know ________. A．teachers watch and record the plants’ information B．students can take vegetables home for lunch C．there are 21 areas to plant vegetables on the farm D．students go to the smart green house to plant vegetables 73．From the passage, what can we infer (推断) about the writer (作者)? A．He/She is good at drawing pictures. B．He/She wants to be a teacher. C．He/She has many good friends. D．He/She likes the school farm. 74．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2 …) A． B． B． C． D． 75．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to work as a farmer. B．To talk about their favourite vegetables. C．To tell us about their school farm. D．To talk about what their teachers do on the farm. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新七年级英语衔接学习系列 专题07 语法知识之非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的定义与分类 非谓语动词是指在句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式。在英语中，一个句子一般只有一个谓语动词，若出现其他动词，往往要以非谓语动词形式呈现。非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。 （一）动词不定式 动词不定式由 “to + 动词原形” 构成，在某些情况下可以不带 to 。它没有人称和数的变化，虽然不能作谓语，但仍保留动词的特点，可带有自己的宾语和状语。 1.作宾语 （1）动词 + 带 to 的不定式结构： 常见的这类动词有 agree（同意）、choose（选择）、expect（期望）、manage（设法）、wish（希望）、like（喜欢）、hate（讨厌）、prefer（更喜欢）、continue（继续）、try（尝试）、start（开始）、forget（忘记）、afford（负担得起）、decide（决定）、fail（失败）、hope（希望）、learn（学习）、offer（提供）、prepare（准备）、plan（计划）、promise（承诺）、refuse（拒绝）、want（想要）等。 例如：I want to buy a new book.（我想买一本新书。） （2）动词 + 疑问词 + 带 to 的不定式结构 这类动词常见的有 tell（告诉）、advise（建议）、show（展示）、teach（教）、find out（查明）、decide（决定）、discuss（讨论）、learn（学习）、forget（忘记）、know（知道）、explain（解释）、remember（记得）、see（看见）、wonder（想知道）等。疑问词常见的有 what（什么）、where（哪里）、who (m)（谁）、when（何时）、how（怎样）、whether（是否）、which（哪一个）等。 例如：I don't know how to solve this problem.（我不知道如何解决这个问题。） 2.作目的状语 可置于句首或句末。置于句首时，通常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开；放在句末时，一般不用逗号。如： To get good grades, we should study hard. = We should study hard to get good grades.（为了取得好成绩，我们应该努力学习。） 3.作宾语补足语 对宾语进行补充说明，常见的接动词不定式作宾补的动词有 allow（允许）、choose（选择）、want（想要）、tell（告诉）、ask（要求）、invite（邀请）、help（帮助）等。例如： My mother asks me to clean my room.（我妈妈让我打扫我的房间。） 4.作主语 动词不定式作主语时，为保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语 —— 动词不定式后置。常用句型为：It’s + 形容词 / 名词 + of (for) sb. to do sth. 。若形容词描述人的品质（如 careful 细心的、careless 粗心的、kind 友善的、nice 和蔼的、polite 礼貌的、stupid 愚蠢的、brave 勇敢的等），则用 of；否则用 for 。例如： It's kind of you to help me.（你帮助我，真是太好了。） It's difficult for us to learn math well.（对我们来说，学好数学很难。） 5.作定语 放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。与被修饰词之间可能存在以下关系：一是表将来的动作，如：I have a lot of homework to do tomorrow.（我明天有很多作业要做。）；二是有动宾关系，若不定式为不及物动词，需加上适当介词，如： I need a pen to write with.（我需要一支笔来写字。） 6.否定结构 在 to 前加 not，即 not to + 动词原形。如： The teacher tells us not to play in the street.（老师告诉我们不要在街上玩。） 7.不带 to 的动词不定式 在某些动词后面，作宾语补足语的不定式不带 to 。常见的这类动词有 see（看见）、hear（听见）、watch（观看）、notice（注意到）、make（使，让）、let（让）、have（使）等。help 后的不定式可带 to 也可不带 to 。例如： I saw him play basketball on the playground.（我看见他在操场上打篮球。） Let's go home.（让我们回家吧。） （二）动名词 动名词由 “动词 + -ing” 构成，它具有名词的特征，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1.作主语 如：Swimming is my favorite sport.（游泳是我最喜欢的运动。） 2.作宾语 常见的接动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语有 enjoy（喜欢）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、imagine（想象）、keep（保持）、mind（介意）、practise（练习）、suggest（建议）、give up（放弃）、be busy（忙于）、have fun（玩得开心）、be afraid of（害怕）、be good at（擅长）、be interested in（对…… 感兴趣）、look forward to（期待）等。例如： I enjoy reading books in my free time.（我喜欢在空闲时间读书。） 3.作表语 如：My hobby is collecting stamps.（我的爱好是集邮。） 4.作定语 一般表示所修饰名词的用途等，如：a swimming pool（游泳池），这里 swimming 修饰 pool，表示这个池子是用来游泳的。 （三）分词 分词主要有现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）两种形式。 1.现在分词：由动词加 -ing 构成，常表示主动或正在进行的动作。 （1）作表语：The story is very interesting.（这个故事很有趣。）这里 interesting 表示故事本身具有让人感兴趣的性质。 （2）作定语：The girl standing under the tree is my sister.（站在树下的那个女孩是我的妹妹。）standing under the tree 修饰 the girl，表示女孩正站在树下这个动作。 （3）作状语：Walking in the park, I met an old friend.（我在公园散步时，遇到了一位老朋友。）Walking in the park 表示伴随的动作，与句子主语 I 是主动关系。 （4）作宾语补足语：I saw him playing football on the playground.（我看见他正在操场上踢足球。）playing football 对 him 进行补充说明，强调看见时他正在进行踢足球这个动作。 2.过去分词：通常由动词的过去式变化而来（规则动词与过去式形式相同，不规则动词需特殊记忆），常表示被动或已经完成的动作。 （1）作表语：I am interested in English.（我对英语感兴趣。）这里 interested 表示主语 “我” 被英语所吸引，处于感兴趣的状态。 （2)作定语：The broken window needs to be repaired.（破碎的窗户需要修理。）broken 修饰 window，表示窗户已经处于破碎的状态。 (3)作状语：Given more time, I can do it better.（如果给我更多时间，我能做得更好。）Given more time 表示假设的条件，与句子主语 I 是被动关系，即 “我被给予更多时间”。 (4)作宾语补足语：We heard the song sung in English.（我们听到这首歌用英语演唱。）sung in English 对 the song 进行补充说明，歌曲是被用英语演唱的。 二、非谓语动词的形态变化 （一）动词不定式的时态和语态变化 1.一般式（to do /to be done）：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或发生在之后，to do 表示主动，to be done 表示被动。例如： I want to go shopping.（我想去购物，“go shopping” 这个动作发生在 “want” 之后，主动关系） The book is to be read by him.（这本书将由他来读，“read” 这个动作与 “is” 之后发生，且书是被读，被动关系） 2.进行式（to be doing）：表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行，且为主动关系。如： He seems to be reading in the classroom.（他似乎正在教室里读书，“reading” 与 “seems” 同时发生） 3.完成式（to have done /to have been done）：to have done 表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前，且为主动；to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，且为被动。例如： I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（很抱歉让你久等了，“kept you waiting” 发生在 “am sorry” 之前，主动关系） The work is said to have been finished.（据说工作已经完成了，“finished” 发生在 “is said” 之前，工作是被完成，被动关系） （二）动名词的时态和语态变化 1.一般式（doing /being done）：doing 表示主动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生；being done 表示被动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。例如： I like reading books.（我喜欢读书，“reading” 与 “like” 同时存在，主动关系） The building being built is a new library.（正在被建造的那栋楼是一个新图书馆，“being built” 与 “is” 同时发生，被动关系） 2.完成式（having done /having been done）：having done 表示主动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前；having been done 表示被动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Having finished his homework, he went out to play.（完成作业后，他出去玩了，“finished his homework” 发生在 “went out” 之前，主动关系） Having been shown around the city, they were very excited.（被带领着参观了这座城市后，他们非常兴奋，“been shown around” 发生在 “were excited” 之前，被动关系） （三）分词的时态和语态变化 1.现在分词 （1）一般式（doing /being done）：doing 表示主动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生；being done 表示被动，动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： The students listening to the teacher carefully are from Class One.（正在认真听老师讲课的学生们来自一班，“listening” 与 “are” 同时发生，主动关系） The house being painted is mine.（正在被粉刷的房子是我的，“being painted” 与 “is” 同时发生，被动关系） （2）完成式（having done /having been done）：having done 表示主动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前；having been done 表示被动，动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。例如： Having seen the film before, I don't want to see it again.（我以前看过这部电影，所以不想再看了，“seen the film” 发生在 “don't want” 之前，主动关系） Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake.（被告诉了很多次之后，他仍然犯了同样的错误，“been told” 发生在 “made” 之前，被动关系） 2.过去分词（done）：过去分词只有一种形式，表示被动或已经完成的动作，不强调时间先后顺序。如： The fallen leaves covered the ground.（落叶覆盖了地面，“fallen” 表示叶子已经落下，完成的状态） The letter written by him is very moving.（他写的这封信非常感人，“written” 表示信是被他写的，被动关系） 三、常用非谓语动词短语结构 （一）动词 + 带 to 的不定式 ask sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事）：The teacher asks us to clean the classroom.（老师要求我们打扫教室。） tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事）：My mother tells me to go to bed early.（妈妈告诉我早点睡觉。） want sb. to do sth.（想要某人做某事）：I want you to help me with my math.（我希望你帮我学数学。） encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事）：Our teacher often encourages us to speak English in class.（我们老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。） expect sb. to do sth.（期望某人做某事）：Parents expect their children to get good grades.（父母期望他们的孩子取得好成绩。） （二）动词 + 动名词 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事）：She enjoys dancing in her free time.（她喜欢在空闲时间跳舞。） practice doing sth.（练习做某事）：You should practice speaking English every day.（你应该每天练习说英语。） finish doing sth.（完成做某事）：I finished reading the book yesterday.（我昨天读完了这本书。） keep doing sth.（持续做某事）：The rain kept falling all day.（雨下了一整天。） mind doing sth.（介意做某事）：Would you mind opening the window?（你介意打开窗户吗？） （三）动词 + 宾语 + 不带 to 的不定式（使役动词和感官动词后） make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）：The funny story made us laugh.（这个有趣的故事让我们大笑。） let sb. do sth.（让某人做某事）：Let him go home now.（现在让他回家吧。） have sb. do sth.（使某人做某事）：The boss had the workers work for ten hours a day.（老板让工人们一天工作十个小时。） see sb. do sth.（看见某人做了某事，强调全过程）：I saw him play basketball on the playground yesterday.（我昨天看见他在操场上打篮球了。） hear sb. do sth.（听见某人做了某事，强调全过程）：I heard her sing in the classroom just now.（我刚才听见她在教室里唱歌了。） watch sb. do sth.（观看某人做了某事，强调全过程）：We watched the children play games in the park.（我们观看孩子们在公园里做游戏。） （四）特殊句型中的非谓语动词 It's time to do sth.（是做某事的时候了）：It's time to go to school.（是上学的时候了。） It takes sb. some time to do sth.（做某事花费某人多长时间）：It took me two hours to finish my homework.（完成作业花了我两个小时。） be + 形容词 + to do sth.（做某事是…… 的）：It's important to learn English well.（学好英语很重要。） have fun doing sth.（做某事很开心）：We had fun playing games at the party.（我们在聚会上玩游戏玩得很开心。） have trouble /difficulty (in) doing sth.（做某事有困难）：I have trouble understanding this passage.（我理解这篇文章有困难。） 一、单项选择 1．—Does Jim need ________ to school on Sunday? —No, he doesn’t. A．go B．to go C．goes D．going 2．It _______ me two hours _______ my homework every day. A．spends; to finish B．costs; finishing C．takes; to finish D．pay; to finish 3．David promises ________ with the housework once or twice a week for the coming year. A．helps B．helped C．to help D．helping 4．It’s important ________ things before school. A．prepare B．preparing C．prepares D．to prepare 5．Jack manages ________ this task ahead of time. A．finish B．to finish C．finishing D．to finishing 6．—Would you like ________ tennis with me? —Sure. I like ________ tennis a lot. A．play; to play B．playing; to play C．to play; playing D．playing; playing 7．We should make joint efforts ________ the world a better place. A．make B．making C．made D．to make 8．—What wonderful green spaces at your school! —Exactly, a good place for students ________ time there. A．to take B．spending C．to spend D．taking 9．—Jack, what ________ do you want ________? —Nothing else. A．else; buy B．else; to buy C．other; buy D．other; to buy 10．—I have no time ________ computer games. —But your sister always has a good time ________ with her friends on the Internet. A．playing; chatting B．to play; to chat C．playing; to chat D．to play; chatting 11．Lin Dong expects ________ on the Thames River next summer. A．travel B．travelling C．to travel D．travelled 12．—I regret ________ you that you are fired for dishonesty. —Oh, no! I regret ________ to you, Mr. Blaine. Can you give me a second chance? —I’m afraid not. A．to tell; lying B．telling; to lie C．to tell; to lie D．telling; lying 13．There is going to rain. Don’t forget ________ an umbrella before you leave. A．takes B．taking C．will take D．to take 14．She hopes ________ a doctor like her father. She wants to help sick people. A．to be B．you be C．you to be D．her to be 15．—Could you tell me ________ for the food? —You can just pay on the phone. A．how to pay B．when to pay C．what to pay D．how much to pay 16．Mom, thank you for ________ of me and loving me every day. A．take care B．takes care C．taking care D．to take care 17．—Did you lie to your mother when you were a child? —Yes. But now I think I was wrong. I really regret _______ that silly thing. A．doing B．to do C．do D．does 18．Tim, don’t spend too much time ________ TV. It’s bad for your eyes. A．watch B．watches C．watching D．watched 19．Sandy chooses Daniel as her role model because he always helps a lot when she has problems ________ English. A．to learn B．learn C．learning D．learns 20．—I remember ________ the door when I left. —Yes, you did. But there is something wrong with the lock. A．locking B．lock C．locked D．to lock 21．Everyone in my class ______ music. A．enjoy listening to B．enjoy to listen to C．enjoys listening to D．enjoys to listen to 22．Nancy likes ________ books, but Betty loves ________ TV. A．read; watch B．reading; watching C．looking; watching D．reading; looking 23．Lisa is a tall girl with long hair and she enjoys ________ in her free time. A．sing B．sings C．to sing D．singing 24．This is my aunt’s piano. She enjoys ________ it very much. A．playing B．to play C．play D．plays 25．—What a clear river it is! I can see some small fish ________ in it. —Yes. The environment in our area is becoming better and better. A．swam B．swimming C．to swim D．swims 26．—Look! Can you see the children ________ games in the park? —Yes. The park is quite a good place to have a rest. A．playing B．plays C．play D．played 27．I hear the phone ________. Could you please answer it for me? A．ringing B．rang C．ring D．rings 28．Can you see the girl ________ in the playground? She loves sports very much. A．runs B．run C．running D．to run 29．Can you see some ________ on the hill? A．sheep running B．sheep are running C．sheeps running D．sheep to run 30．—Look at the photo. What can you see? —I can see some people ________ on the beach. A．lie B．lies C．lying D．are lying 31．I stood at the front of the door, quietly watching my father ________ the garden. A．water B．waters C．watering D．watered 32．I saw Lily ________ when I passed her room. A．dance B．dancing C．to dance D．dances 33．Yesterday when I passed the park, I saw many people __________ their tents. A．putting out B．put out C．put up D．putting up 34．Please try to get there on time. Don’t keep us ________. A．to wait B．waited C．wait D．waiting 35．—The thief ________ to us. In fact, he didn’t ________ the purse on the cupboard. —Yeah. The police found it ________ at the corner of the kitchen. A．lied; lay; lied B．lay; lie; lying C．lied; lay; lying D．lay; lying; lied 36．—Where is Lily? —I saw her ________ outside with her little brother just now. A．play B．playing C．to play D．plays 37．On my way home, I saw a policeman ________ an old man cross the road. A．helps B．helped C．helping D．to help 38．Tourists can see swans ________ on Kunming Lake. A．swam B．swum C．to swim D．swimming 39．We can see swans ________ on the lake. A．swiming B．to swim C．swam D．swimming 40．I often see an old lady ________ bread from a bakery on my way to school. A．buys B．to buy C．buying D．bought 41．The film ________ Monkey King is ________ these days. A．called, in B．called, on C．calling, on D．calling, in 42．There might (可能) be paper ________ because people in the UK use paper for presents. A．waste B．wastes C．wasted D．wasting 43．People in China get together with their ________ ones at Spring Festival. A．loving B．loved C．love D．loves 44．Recently, I’ve found a freestyle activity ________ skateboarding. A．call B．calling C．calls D．called 45．A new friend ________ Joe will be our classmate next term. A．calling B．called C．to call D．call 46．Jenny loves the book ________ Harry Potter and the Chamber Secrets very much and she reads it almost every day. A．calling B．to call C．call D．called 47．Do you know the dog ________ Jimmy? A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 48．—Hurry up. Look at the timetable. The last bus ________ at 11:30 p.m. —Don’t worry. We still have 10 minutes ________. A．leave; left B．left; leaves C．leaves; left D．will leave; leaves 49．Is there a panda __________ Beibei in Beijing Zoo? A．call B．calls C．called D．calling 50．Jenny and her friends are going to see a film ________ The Croods 2 this Saturday. A．calling B．to call C．call D．called 51．I have a friend ________ Bob in my school. A．call B．to call C．calls D．called 52．The boy ________ Tom comes from Britain. A．call B．calling C．called D．to call 53．—Why does Peng Jingxuan choose ________ the guzheng on the streets of France? —Because she wants to get more people to know about it, ________ it and love it. A．play, understand B．to play, understand C．plays, play D．playing, playing 54．— What do you think of the Changchun International Marathon (马拉松)? — It’s great! I think doing more exercise can help us ________ healthy. A．keeps B．kept C．keeping D．keep 55．He’s ________ his bike, but it starts ________. A．riding; to rain B．ride; rainy C．rides; rain D．rideing; to rain 56．________ the help of my friends, I learn ________ guitar. A．With; playing B．Under; to play C．With; to play D．Under; plays 57．Let’s ________ there, please. A．to go to B．go C．going D．went 58．—How do you go to school every day? —I often go to school on foot. I spend 10 minutes ________ to school every day. A．to walk B．walking C．walk D．walked 59．________ can help you ________ healthy. A．Do exercise; stay B．Doing exercise; stay C．Do exercises; to stay D．Doing exercises; staying 60．We had fun ______ computer games. A．play B．playing C．to play D．to playing 二、完形填空 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Zhang Jian is a 16-year-old boy. He has many good habits (习惯). 61 , he gets up early, and exercises every morning. He does well in his studies, and his favourite 62 are P. E. and English. Zhang Jian’s 63 is a good swimmer. When Zhang Jian was six years old, his father 64 to teach him how to swim. Zhang Jian could swim like a fish after some months’ learning. Each week, Zhang Jian spends (花费) more than 10 hours 65 . He spends at least an hour practicing swimming every day. In the morning, he goes to school by 66 . He likes riding bikes, 67 it is good for his health. On weekends, Zhang Jian gets up at 7:00 a.m., and swims in the pool for about three hours a day. Zhang Jian enjoys listening to 68 songs. “It is 69 to learn English,” he said. Zhang Jian’s parents often go to the pool on weekends to encourage him when they don’t have to work. Zhang Jian doesn’t mind spending a lot of time practicing. “I love swimming, and practice can help me do 70 in competitions. I sometimes get first prize,” he said. 61．A．In fact B．For example C．Because of D．As a result 62．A．books B．subjects C．sports D．colours 63．A．aunt B．uncle C．mother D．father 64．A．stopped B．started C．forgot D．followed 65．A．practicing B．drawing C．cleaning D．driving 66．A．train B．bike C．bus D．taxi 67．A．or B．so C．because D．but 68．A．Chinese B．Japanese C．English D．French 69．A．difficult B．silly C．boring D．helpful 70．A．badly B．well C．bad D．good 三、阅读理解 ①There is a farm in our school. It’s between the modern classroom building and the clean library, and it’s very large. ②Our school has 3 grades and 21 classes. Each class has an area (区域) to plant vegetables. The students in Grade 8 grow carrots and potatoes. The students in Grade 7 and Grade 9 grow tomatoes and beans (豆). The students in Grade 9 work with the students in Grade 7 and teach them to do farm work. Our teachers ask us to watch and record (记录) the plants’ information every day. We always draw some pictures or take photos to help finish it. I find it very interesting. ③What do we do with the vegetables at last? Our teachers take them to the school dining hall and then we eat them for lunch. The food is really delicious! ④Our teachers also ask us to learn how to feed animals. We often visit a smart green house on the farm because we can watch animals there and feed them. There are rabbits and ducks. They are so cute that we all like them. ⑤The farm is a green classroom for us. We can learn about different kinds of vegetables and animals and also have fun working as a farmer. 71．What do the students in Grade 9 do on the farm? a. grow carrots and potatoes b. teach the students in Grade 7 to do farm work c. grow tomatoes and beans d. teach the students in Grade 7 to take photos A．a, b B．b, c C．a, d D．c, d 72．From the passage, we know ________. A．teachers watch and record the plants’ information B．students can take vegetables home for lunch C．there are 21 areas to plant vegetables on the farm D．students go to the smart green house to plant vegetables 73．From the passage, what can we infer (推断) about the writer (作者)? A．He/She is good at drawing pictures. B．He/She wants to be a teacher. C．He/She has many good friends. D．He/She likes the school farm. 74．Which is the right structure (结构) of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2 …) A． B． B． C． D． 75．Why does the writer write this passage? A．To tell us how to work as a farmer. B．To talk about their favourite vegetables. C．To tell us about their school farm. D．To talk about what their teachers do on the farm. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】句意：——吉姆星期天需要去上学吗？——不，他不需要。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Does Jim need …”可知，句首用了助动词Does，此处need是实义动词，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，固定结构，所以后面要接动词不定式to do的形式作宾语。故选B。 2．C 【解析】句意：我每天花两个小时来完成作业。 考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。spend花费时间或金钱，主语是人；take花费时间，主语通常是it或物；cost花费金钱，主语是物；pay支付。根据“It…me two hours”可知第一空应填takes；原句结构为it takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，第二空应用动词不定式。故选C。 3．C 【解析】句意：大卫承诺在接下来的一年里每周帮忙做一到两次家务。 考查非谓语动词。promise to do sth“承诺做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用不定式。故选C。 4．D 【解析】句意：上学前做好准备是很重要的。 考查动词不定式。分析句子可知是it的固定句型，it’s adj. to do sth“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，用动词不定式作真正主语。故选D。 5．B 【解析】句意：Jack设法提前完成了这项任务。 考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth“设法做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。 6．C 【解析】句意：——你想要和我打网球吗？——当然。我非常喜欢打网球。 考查非谓语动词用法。would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，故第一个空处填动词不定式to play；like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，故空处需动名词playing。故选C。 7．D 【解析】句意：我们应该共同努力，让世界变得更美好。 考查非谓语动词。make动词原形；making动名词或现在分词；made动词过去式；to make动词不定式。make efforts to do sth.表示“努力去做某事”，空处用动词不定式。故选D。 8．C 【解析】句意：——你们学校的绿地真漂亮！——没错，这是学生消磨时间的好地方。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。take费时；spend度过。根据“a good place for students … time there”可知，考查a good place for sb. to do sth.“对某人来说做某事的好地方”，应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词“place”，排除B和D；根据语境可知，这里是指绿地是学生度过时间的好地方，主语是人，考查spend time“度过时间”，排除A。故选C。 9．B 【解析】句意：——Jack，你还想买别的什么吗？ ——不要别的了。 考查else及非谓语动词用法。else其他的，常与what连用；other其他的，其后跟名词复数。else用于修饰疑问词what时，需放在what后面，故第一个空填else；want to do sth. 表示“想要做某事”，固定搭配，故二个空需动词不定式to buy。故选B。 10．D 【解析】句意：——我没有时间玩电脑游戏。——但你姐姐在网上和朋友聊天总是很开心。 考查非谓语动词。have no time to do sth.“没有时间做某事”，空一处用不定式作定语；have a good time doing sth.“做某事很开心”，空二处用动名词作宾语。故选D。 11．C 【解析】句意：林东预计明年夏天将在泰晤士河上旅行。 考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.“期待做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。 12．A 【解析】句意：——我很遗憾地告诉你，你因为不诚实而被解雇了。——噢，不！ 布莱恩先生，我很抱歉对你说谎。你能再给我次机会吗？——我恐怕不能。 考查regret to do和regret doing的区别。“regret to do”是对即将要做的事感到抱歉，“regret doing”是对已经做过的事感到后悔，根据“you are fired for dishonesty”可知是将要告知被解雇这件事，那要用“regret to do”，填“to tell”；根据后面“Can you give me a second chance?”可知是后悔说了谎，那要用“regret doing”，填“telling”。故选A。 13．D 【解析】句意：要下雨了。你离开前别忘了带把伞。 考查非谓语动词。根据“There is going to rain. Don’t forget...an umbrella...”及选项可知，“带雨伞”这个动作还未发生，forget to do sth.“忘记要去做某事”，所以此处需选填不定式形式。故选D。 14．A 【解析】句意：她希望像她父亲一样成为一名医生。她想帮助生病的人。 考查非谓语动词。hope有两种常见用法：一是hope to do sth.“希望做某事”；二是hope+宾语从句“希望……”，选项B中的be不应该用动词原形，排除B；没有“hope sb. to do sth.”的用法，排除C和D。故选A。 15．A 【解析】句意：——你能告诉我怎么付餐费吗？——你可以用电话付款。 考查动词不定式的结构。how to pay如何付款；when to pay什么时候付款；what to pay支付什么；how much to pay付多少钱。根据“You can just pay on the phone.”可知，此处表示“如何付款”。故选A。 16．C 【解析】句意：妈妈，谢谢你每天照顾我和爱我。 考查非谓语动词用法。take care照顾，动词原形；takes care照顾，动词第三人称单数；taking care照顾，动名词或现在分词；to take care照顾，动词不定式。介词for后跟动名词。故填C。 17．A 【解析】句意：——你小时候对妈妈撒过谎吗？——是的。但现在我认为我错了。我真的很后悔做那件愚蠢的事情。 考查非谓语动词。regret doing sth.“后悔做过某事”，regret to do sth.“后悔要去做某事”。根据“Did you lie to your mother when you were a child?”可知，表示小时候的事情，因此是做过的事，应用动名词形式。故选A。 18．C 【解析】句意：蒂姆，不要花太多时间看电视，这对你的眼睛不好。 考查动词的非谓语形式。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，故选C。 19．C 【解析】句意：桑迪选择丹尼尔作为她的榜样，因为当她学习英语有困难时，他总是帮助她很多。 考查非谓语动词。根据“has problems”可知，have problems doing sth.“做某事有困难”，应用动名词形式。故选C。 20．A 【解析】句意：——我记得离开时锁了门。——是的，你锁了。但是锁有些问题。 考查非谓语动词。locking锁，动名词或现在分词；lock动词原形；locked动词过去式；to lock动词不定式。remember doing sth.表示“记得做过某事”；remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”。根据“Yes, you did.”可知，此处表示记得锁了门，空处用动名词形式。故选A。 21．C 【解析】句意：我们班的每个人都喜欢听音乐。 考查时态和非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，动词短语，排除B、D选项；此句时态为一般现在时，主语“Everyone”是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用三单形式enjoys，排除A选项。故选C。 22．B 【解析】句意：Nancy喜欢读书，但是Betty喜欢看电视。 考查非谓语动词和动词辨析。like doing sth.喜欢做某事，第一空后是books，表示“读书”不能用look，look是不及物动词，后不能直接跟名词；短语loves doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，watch TV看电视。故选B。 23．D 【解析】句意：丽莎是一个长发的高个子女孩，她喜欢在空闲时间唱歌。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故选D。 24．A 【解析】句意：这是我姑姑的钢琴。她非常喜欢弹它。 考查非谓语动词。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，故此处用动名词playing。故选A。 25．B 【解析】句意：——真是一条清澈的河流！我可以看到一些小鱼在里面游泳。——是的，我们地区的环境正变得越来越好。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I can see some small fish...in it.”可知此处表示看到小鱼正在游泳，用see sb./sth doing sth“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，故选B。 26．A 【解析】句意：——看！你能看见孩子们在公园里做游戏吗？——是的。公园是一个休息的好地方。 考查非谓语动词。根据“Look!”可知，此处强调动作正在进行，所以用see sb doing sth“看见某人做某事”的结构，空处用现在分词，故选A。 27．A 【解析】句意：我听到电话在响。你能帮我接一下吗？ 考查非谓语动词。hear是感官动词，常见的用法有“hear sb. do sth.”（听见某人做某事，强调动作的全过程）和“hear sb. doing sth.”（听见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行）。根据“Could you please answer it for me?”可知，请求对方帮忙接电话，意味着电话正在响，用“hear sb. doing sth.”强调动作正在进行。故选A。 28．C 【解析】句意：你能看见那个正在操场上跑步的女孩吗？她非常喜欢运动。 考查非谓语动词。runs跑步，三单形式；run跑步，动词原形；running跑步，现在分词或动名词；to run跑步，不定式。根据横线前“see”可知，此处考查：see sb doing sth，固定搭配，意为“看到某人正在做某事”符合语境，所以此处应该填入现在分词running，作宾语补足语。故选C。 29．A 【解析】句意：你能看到一些羊在山上奔跑吗？ 考查名词的数和现在分词作宾语补足语。sheep为单复数同形的可数名词，其复数形式仍为sheep，排除C；see sb/sth doing sth“看见某人某物做某事”，此处应用动词run的现在分词作宾语补足语。故选A。 30．C 【解析】句意：——看这张照片。你能看到什么？——我可以看到一些人躺在海滩上。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I can see some people...on the beach”可知是看到一些人正躺在海滩上，用结构see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”。故选C。 31．C 【解析】句意：我站在门前，静静地看着父亲给花园浇水。 考查现在分词作宾语补足语。根据“I stood at the front of the door, quietly watching my father...the garden.”可知，此处指“我”站在门前的同时，也在看着父亲，那时的父亲正在给花园浇水，所以此处应是watch sb. doing sth.“看着某人正在做某事”，空处是watering。故选C。 32．B 【解析】句意：当我经过莉莉的房间时，我看到她正在跳舞。 考查非谓语动词。根据“when I passed her room”可知，此句是说看见她正在做某事，应用结构see sb. doing sth意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故选B。 33．D 【解析】句意：昨天当我经过公园时，我看见许多人正在搭帐篷。 考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。put up搭建；put out扑灭。根据“…their tents”可知，此处指的是“搭建帐篷”，排除AB选项；再由“Yesterday when I passed the park”可知，此处指的是“看见许多人正在搭帐篷”，用see sb. doing sth.意为“看见某人正在做某事”。故选D。 34．D 【解析】句意：请尽量准时到达那里。不要让我们久等。 考查非谓语动词。keep sb. doing意为“让某人做某事”，现在分词作宾语补足语，故选D。 35．C 【解析】句意：——小偷向我们撒谎了。事实上，他没有把钱包放在橱柜里。——是的，警察在厨房的角落里发现了。 考查动词辨析。lie动词，撒谎，过去式为lied，现在分词为lying；lie动词，平躺，位于，过去式为lay，现在分词为lying；lay动词，放置，过去式为laid，现在分词为laying。第一空考查lie to sb.“向某人撒谎”，句中使用一般过去时态，所以第一空为lied；第二空考查lay sth. on sp.“把……放在……上”，句中使用了didn’t+动词原形，所以第二空为lay；第三空考查现在分词lying作宾语补足语。the purse和lie“位于”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故选C。 36．B 【解析】句意：——丽丽在哪里？——我刚才看见她和她的小弟弟在外面玩。 考查非谓语动词。see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行；see sb do sth看见某人做了某事，强调看到全过程。根据“saw her... outside with her little brother just now”可知，此处强调刚才看见她时她正在做的事情，所以强调动作正在进行，所以空处用see sb doing的结构，故选B。 37．C 【解析】句意：在回家的路上，我看到一个警察正在帮一名老人过马路。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的saw可知，本题有谓语动词，不能再用动词了，所以可排除A和B；see sb. doing sth. 看到某人正在做某事，see sb. do sth. 看到某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程（要注意这里的do是省略to的不定式）结合，根据题意可知，此处表示看到一个警察正在帮一名老人过马路。故选C。 38．D 【解析】句意：游客可以看到天鹅在昆明湖上游泳。 考查现在分词。swam过去式；swum过去分词；to swim不定式；swimming动名词/现在分词。see sb doing sth“看见某人做某事”故填现在分词swimming。故选D。 39．D 【解析】句意：我们可以看到天鹅在湖上游泳。 考查非谓语动词。根据see sb./sth. doing sth.“看见某人/某物正在做某事”可知，此处应用现在分词作宾补。故选D。 40．C 【解析】句意：我经常看到一位老太太在我上学的路上从面包店买面包。 考查非谓语。根据“see an old lady ... bread”可知，此处为see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，表示“路过时看见老妇人正在买面包”，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语。故选C。 41．B 【解析】句意：这几天正在上映一部叫《美猴王》的电影。 考查非谓语动词和介词辨析。第一空作后置定语修饰名词film，应用过去分词called，表示被动；in在……里；on在……上。第二空是指电影这些天在上映，应用on。故选B。 42．C 【解析】句意：可能有纸张被浪费，因为英国人用纸包装礼物。 考查非谓语动词。主语paper和动词waste之间是被动关系，因此空处应用waste的过去分词wasted作定语修饰paper。故选C。 43．B 【解析】句意：在中国，人们在春节时与他们所爱的人团聚。 考查非谓语动词。loving亲爱的；love爱，动词，三单形式是loves；过去分词是loved。“loved ones”表示亲人或所爱之人，“loved”是过去分词作定语，修饰 “ones”。“loving”（亲爱的）和 “love”（爱）不适用于此短语，故选B。 44．D 【解析】句意：最近，我发现了一种叫做滑板的自由式运动。 考查非谓语动词。call“称为”与前面的名词activity构成被动关系，因此用call的过去分词called作后置定语。故选D。 45．B 【解析】句意：一位叫乔的新朋友在下学期将会成为我们的同学。 考查过去分词。calling叫，现在分词；called过去分词；to call动词不定式；call动词原形。根据“A new friend...Joe will be our classmate next term.”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，且与主语为被动关系，故用动词的过去分词形式作定语。故选B。 46．D 【解析】句意：珍妮非常喜欢《哈利·波特与密室秘密》这本书，她几乎每天都读它。 考查非谓语动词。此处修饰前面的名词book，且是被动关系，所以用动词的过去分词作后置定语。故选D。 47．C 【解析】句意：你知道那只叫吉米的狗吗？ 考查非谓语动词。此处修饰名词dog作后置定语，表示被动，因此用过去分词，故选C。 48．C 【解析】句意：——快点。看看时间表。最后一班车晚上11:30开。——别担心。我们还剩10分钟。 考查时态和非谓语动词。第一空根据“Look at the timetable. The last bus...at 11:30 p.m.”可知，此处表示事实，用一般现在时，主语bus为三单，因此用leaves。第二空根据“We still have 10 minutes”可知，此处需填非谓语动词，“10 minutes”和leave“留下”之间为被动关系，因此leave用过去分词left作后置定语。故选C。 49．C 【解析】句意：北京动物园里有一只叫贝贝的熊猫吗？ 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，熊猫“被叫做”贝贝，是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故选C。 50．D 【解析】句意：珍妮和她的朋友们这个星期六要去看电影《疯狂原始人2》。 考查非谓语动词。call“称呼，给……命名”，是动词，分析句子结构可知此处应用其过去分词形式作定语，修饰名词film，故选D。 51．D 【解析】句意：在我的学校我有一个叫Bob的朋友。 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词have，此处用非谓语动词，且friend与call“叫作”之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去分词。故选D。 52．C 【解析】句意：那个叫汤姆的男孩来自英国。 考查非谓语动词。主语the boy与动词call之间是被动关系，此空应填过去分词作后置定语，故选C。 53．B 【解析】句意：——彭静旋为什么选择在法国街头演奏古筝？——因为她想让更多的人了解它、理解它并爱上它。 考查动词。根据choose to do sth.“选择做某事”可知，第一空应用不定式to play；再根据“know about it, ... it and love it.”可知，了解古筝、理解古筝和爱上古筝，空格前后是并列关系，所以第二空应用动词原形understand。故选B。 54．D 【解析】句意：——你认为长春国际马拉松怎么样？——很好啊！我认为多做一些运动能帮助我们保持健康。 考查动词形式。keeps保持，动词第三人称单数形式；kept保持，动词过去式；keeping保持，现在分词或动名词；keep保持，动词原形。help sb.do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选D。 55．A 【解析】句意：他正在骑自行车，但天开始下雨了。 考查非谓语动词。ride骑，动词原形；rides骑，动词三单形式；riding骑，现在分词；rideing表达错误；to rain下雨，不定式；rainy下雨的，形容词；rain下雨，动词。由“He’s”可知，此句是现在进行时，所以第一空用现在分词；由“starts”可知，其后接不定式，所以第二空用不定式。故选A。 56．C 【解析】句意：在朋友的帮助下，我学习弹吉他。 考查介词和动词。with和；under在……之下。with the help of“在……的帮助之下”，固定搭配；learn to do sth“学习做某事”，故选C。 57．B 【解析】句意：咱们去那边吧。 考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选B。 58．B 【解析】句意：—— 你每天怎么去学校？ —— 我通常步行去学校。我每天花10分钟走路去学校。 考查动名词用法。spend+时间+in+doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定句型，其中介词in可以省略。故选B。 59．B 【解析】句意：锻炼可以帮助你保持健康。 考查动名词用法及动词形式。根据分析句子成分可知，第一空缺主语，结合选项，需动名词作主语，排除选项A、C；help sb. do sth.表示“帮助某人做某事”，故第二空需动词原形。故选B。 60．B 【解析】句意：我们玩电脑游戏玩得很开心。 考查非谓语动词。have fun doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事很开心”，所以此处应该用playing。故选B。 二、 61．B 62．B 63．D 64．B 65．A 66．B 67．C 68．C 69．D 70．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁的男孩张健的日常生活和兴趣爱好，特别是他在游泳方面的才能和热情。 61．句意：例如，他每天早上起得很早，并且每天早上锻炼。 In fact事实上；For example例如；Because of因为；As a result结果。根据下文“gets up early, and exercises every morning”可知，每天早上起得很早，每天早上锻炼，这是在举例说明他的好习惯。故选B。 62．句意：他在学习上做得很好，他最喜欢的科目是体育和英语。 books书；subjects科目；sports运动；colours颜色。根据下文的“P.E. and English”可知，此处是指体育和英语是他最喜欢的科目。故选B。 63．句意：张健的父亲是一个游泳高手。 aunt阿姨；uncle叔叔；mother母亲；father父亲。根据下文“When Zhang Jian was six years old, his father … to teach him how to swim.”可知，张健的父亲教他游泳，所以此处是指他的父亲是一个游泳高手。故选D。 64．句意：当张健六岁的时候，他的父亲开始教他如何游泳。 stopped停止；started开始；forgot忘记；followed跟随。根据下文“Zhang Jian could swim like a fish after some months’ learning.”可知，张健几个月后就学会了游泳，此处是指他的父亲开始教他游泳。故选B。 65．句意：每周，张健花10多个小时练习游泳。 practicing练习；drawing画画；cleaning打扫；driving开车。根据下文“He spends at least an hour practicing swimming every day.”可知，他每天至少花一个小时练习游泳，所以此处是指他每周花10多个小时练习游泳。故选A。 66．句意：早上，他骑自行车去上学。 train火车；bike自行车；bus公交车；taxi出租车。根据下文“He likes riding bikes”可知，他喜欢骑自行车，所以此处是指他早上骑自行车去上学。故选B。 67．句意：他喜欢骑自行车，因为这对他的健康有好处。 or或者；so因此；because因为；but但是。分析句子结构可知，前后两句是因果关系，即他喜欢骑自行车是因为他认为这对他的健康有好处，应用because引导状语从句。故选C。 68．句意：张健喜欢听英文歌曲。 Chinese中文；Japanese日语；English英语；French法语。根据下文“It is … to learn English.”可知，此处是指他喜欢听英文歌曲。故选C。 69．句意：“学习英语是有帮助的。”他说。 difficult困难的；silly愚蠢的；boring无聊的；helpful有帮助的。根据语境及常识可知，听英文歌曲对学习英语是有帮助的。故选D。 70．句意：“我喜欢游泳，并且练习可以帮助我在比赛中做得更好。”他说。 badly糟糕地；well好地；bad坏的；good好的。解析：根据下文“I sometimes get first prize.”可知，他有时能获得一等奖，所以此处是指他认为练习可以帮助他在比赛中做得更好；考查do well in“在……方面做得好”，动词短语。故选B。 三、 71．B 72．C 73．D 74．A 75．C 【解析】本文通过介绍学校农场的位置、学生在农场种植蔬菜、观察记录植物信息、蔬菜的去向、喂养动物等活动，展现了学校农场的特色以及学生从中获得的乐趣和知识 。 71．细节理解题。根据“The students in Grade 7 and Grade 9 grow tomatoes and beans (豆). The students in Grade 9 work with the students in Grade 7 and teach them to do farm work”可知，九年级学生种西红柿和豆子，还教七年级学生做农活，b和c正确。故选B。 72．细节理解题。根据“Our school has 3 grades and 21 classes. Each class has an area (区域) to plant vegetables.”可知，农场有21个种菜的区域，C选项正确。故选C。 73．推理判断题。根据“I find it very interesting.”以及“The farm is a green classroom for us. We can learn about different kinds of vegetables and animals and also have fun working as a farmer.”可知作者喜欢学校农场。故选D。 74．篇章结构题。第一段介绍学校农场的位置和大小，总起全文；第二段讲不同年级学生种菜及相关活动；第三段说蔬菜的去向；第四段讲学生学习喂养动物；第五段总结农场的意义。整体是 “总-分-总” 结构，A选项的图示符合。故选A。 75．主旨大意题。文章围绕学校农场展开，介绍了农场位置、学生在农场的活动、蔬菜用途、动物喂养等内容，所以作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们他们的学校农场。故选C。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$