上海市宝山区2024-2025学年高二下学期期末英语学科质量监控试卷

宝山区2024学年第二学期期末 高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 (本试卷满分115分,考试时间105分钟) I. Grammar and Vocabulary SectionA Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank There are few scary legends that survive the centuries to bother the next generation, but one such creature's strange tale has persisted over a millennium. On May 2, 1933, an unattributed article appeared in a Scottish local newspaper. It carried the eyewitness account of a (1) (marry) couple who claimed they had spotted a large creature in the waters of Loch Ness According to the report, "The creature entertained itself, rolling for fully a minute, its body looking like (2) _of a whale, and the water falling down rapidly." In the Scottish Highlands, Loch Ness is a 22.5-mile-long lake, nearly two miles across at its widest point, and its waters(③) _reach a depth of 788 feet. The article noted that for centuries it (4) (credit) with being the home of a fearsome-looking monster. It hinted that (5) the couple had seen might be the creature that had inspired stories of the mythical water spirit or shape-shifting water horse of Celtic legend. Three months after the couple's sighting, the same newspaper published a letter from a Londoner named George Spicer, (6) claimed that while driving with his wife around Loch Ness he'd seen a strange creature cross the road in front of him. "I saw the nearest approach (7) __ a dragon or prehistoric animal that I have ever seen in my life." he wrote. In the weeks (8) (follow) the article's publication, Campbell wrote more stories on the subject for the Scottish media. In one article Campbell stated, "Many people in the area now think that the 'monster' is indeed a prehistoric creature." And he announced with confidence,"It i certain (9) (see) again." Catching wind of the strange story, the national newspaper The Scotsman sent journalist Philip Stalker to Loch Ness. Stalker filed a report that included ar eyewitness account from Alex Campbell, who claimed that (10) _he hadn't believed in the monster at first, he'd later seen a long-necked creature for himself. Campbell would emerge as a key witness, eventually claiming to have seen the creature on 18 occasions, sometimes at close range. He was, in a sense, the man who invented the monster Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need A. developing B. function 1 C. actively D. comprised E. continuous F. consuming G. interaction H. digestion I. refer I. estimated K. significantly How Your Gut Microbiome(肠道微生物群) Impacts Your Health We've all had a"gut feeling." And while that popular saying is based on our instinct our gut truly does play a role in our health and how we feel and 11 . Gut health is an important element of your overall physical and mental health 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第1页共8页 "Gut health" has become a trendy term in recent years. Our gut microbiome describes the microbes and their genetic material found in our gastrointestinal tract (冒肠道). And we know the bacteria in our gut affect everything from our 12 to our mental health "Gut health is really important," says registered nutrition expert Kristin Kirkpatrick, RD "There is so much attention and research on the microbiome and gut health now that experts often _13__ to it as the 'second brain." “It contains all the microbes that live within our intestinal tract," says Dr. Cresci, a digestive disease researcher. "And those microbes are 14of bacteria, fungi and viruses." We're no talking about a few hundred microbes - it's 15 that about 1oo trillion microbes are found inside the human body, with many of them located in our gut. As you take food, the gastric acid(胃 酸) found in your stomach destroys a lot of the harmful organisms you consume. "We are 16 microbes all the time through our food and water," says Dr. Cresci. "But the ones that escape that gastric acid then move down to you intestinal tract." The goal is to have a healthy gut microbiome. Its balance can be 17 affected by factors like your diet, infections and certain medications. And 18 an unhealthy gut microbiome can lead to certain diseases and affect your mental health "What we've learned over the years is that there's a lot of 19between your gut microbiome and your body," says Dr. Cresci. As an infant, your gut microbiome helps develop your gut immune system, and then as an adult, it helps maintain it. There is still 20_ research on how the gut microbiome works with parts of the body like your brain, heart, liver and lungs. II. Reading Comprehension SectionA Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. How Do Fish Survive in Icy Waters? Animals like seals, penguins, and a wide variety of sea birds are all fish eaters. They live in the Arctic and Antarctic Circle, among the icecaps. The land is completely frozen. Yet these animals 21 to live in this region. How do they do it? The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans 22 a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to 23 these particular patterns of existence. But they do get some help from 24 . All liquids have a boiling point and a freezing point When the outside temperature 25 below the freezing point of water, lakes and rivers get frozen. 26 , only the top layer of the lake or river freezes. Underneath the frozen upper layer. the water remains in its 27 form and does not freeze. Also, oxygen is trapped beneath the layer of ice. 28, fish and other marine animals find it possible to live comfortably in the frozen lakes and ponds But why doesn't the entire body of water 29, like a giant, lake-sized ice-cube? During winter months in colder countries, the outside temperature is very low and the upper layers of water in the lakes and ponds start 30 . When the temperature of the surface layers falls to 4 oC, the water body acquires maximum density and 31 . The water that drops down 32 the water below, and the lower layers of water simultaneously rise up. This also gets cooled to 4'C and again falls down 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试考 第2页共8页 When the temperature of the water body finally goes below 4 'C, the density or heaviness of water decreases and as a result water does not sink down. The 33 water finally freezes at 0 C while the lower part still remains at 4 'C. The light frozen layer of ice floats on top Ice does not allow heat to pass through it easily, so the freezing of the waters below is a very 34 process. At depths below 30 metres, temperatures are cold and stable but food is scarce. As a result, certain species of flatfish and polar fish have a(n) 35 growing rate, so that they can adapt to this tough situation to survive. B. struggle C.try 21. A. manage D. hope 22. A.trap C. support B. transport D. measure 23. A. adapt to C. keep in mind B. devote to D. getrid of C. science B. human 24. A. nature D. society 25. A.rises B. changes C. jumps D. declines 26. A.Moreover B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However 27. A. solid B. liquid C. hard D. soff 28. A. For instance B. In other words C.Asa result D. On the contrary B. freeze 29. A.flow C.melt D. drop B. combing 30. A.boiling C. cooling D. functioning C. stands up 31. A. floats up B. sinks down D. calms down C. stimulates 32. A. replaces B. advances D. transforms B. midle C. density 33. A. bottom D. surface B. easy 34. A.quick C. stable D. slow B. fastened 35. A. reduced C. updated D. survived Section B Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read (A) On a winter evening in a warm, clean, and softly lit room in Sanyuanqiao, Beijing 29-year-old sound therapist Hu Chong played various instruments Around 10 participants, either lying down or sitting, followed her guidance to experience the delicate sensations that sound can bring to the body and mind. As Hu struck a singing bowl and slowly rubbed its border, the delicate tones crept into the participants' ears and "massaged" (按摩) their heads. She then gently tilted (倾斜) the ocean drum and stream drum, letting hundreds of tiny beads roll inside, like waves crashing on the shore and the sound of flowing water. Finally came the gong(锣). With each strike, deep and powerful sound waves enveloped the entire space. guiding everyone toward deep relaxation and healing This practice, known as "sound healing", has become increasingly popular. Every weekend. similar sessions are held in yoga studios, sound therapy centers, tea rooms, and other leisure spaces across cities nationwide. Although most participants are young women, Hu has noticed a growing number of men attending these sessions in recent years Despite their diverse backgrounds, participants share a common experience: the burden of significant stress from work or life. "Sound healing has been popular in Western societies for decades," Hu explained. "Now that our material lives have improved, more and more people are seeking spiritual fulfillment." 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第3页共8页 According to her, attending a sound healing session is like pressing pause on the outside world and entering a space where you can be fully present with yourself. "This can facilitate self-healing." Hu said. "At every session, we take a moment to express gratitude to ourselves for making time for our own well-being, which is something to be thankful for" Luo Dandan. 31. from Hefei, Anhui province, was among the participants that evening. Fo several years, she has maintained a daily habit of practicing yoga for an hour. However, afte attending sound healing sessions, she discovered the unique impact that sound could have on her "Yoga is primarily about physical relaxation, whereas sound healing allows me to mentally and spiritually reconnect with myself." she explained 36. In the process of the "sound healing" mentioned in the passage, the therapist took the following steps except __ A. hitting a singing bowl and gently touch its border B. sliding into the listeners' ears and massage their heads C. tilting the drums so that beads inside start rolling D. striking the gong, leading participants to deep relaxation 37. Why does "sound healing" become increasingly popular nowadays? A. Because yoga studios, sound therapy centers and other leisure spaces are popular B. Because besides women, a growing number of men are attending these sessions C. Because it has proved effective with its popularity in Western societies for decades D. Because with improved material lives, more people are looking for spiritual fulfillment 38. Which of the following is not the benefit of sound healing according to the passage? A. It can facilitate self-healing B. It can promote physical relaxation. C. It can help mental re-connection with oneself D. It can help relieve stress from work or life. 39. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Healing Through Sound B. Selves Set Free C. Escape from Stress D. Instruments' Impact on Us (B) Based on their geography, volcanoes have different appearances. We classify them as stratovolcanoes, shield volcanoes, and cinder cones. Let's dive into the differences between these types of volcanoes. Stratovolcanoes Stratovolcanoes are tall and cone-shaped (锥 形 的). Instead of flat shield volcanoes like in Hawaii. they have bigger peaks. They build up by layering lava (熔岩), ash, and etc Examples of stratovolcanoes include: MOUNT FUJI: Mount Fuji is a dormant (inactive) stratovolcano that last erupted in the early 1700s MOUNT TOBA: Mount Toba in Sumatra is 100 kilometers long and 3o kilometers wide is a caldera (嘴火tl□) When ash falls or lava flows, it solidifies and makes a narrower cone. If you travel along 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第4页共8页 the Pacific Ring of Fire, these are mostly this type of volcano. The Pacific Ocean seafloor bring water causing eruptions from stratovolcanoes. Stratovolcanoes run through cycles with lots of small eruptions Shield Volcanoes Shield volcanoes earned their name because they're shaped like a shield. Hawaiian volcanoes are typical shield volcanoes. If you go to Hawaii, they are broad and flat. These volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide Examples of shield volcanoes include: MAUNA LOA: Mauna Loa in Hawaii is the world's largest active shield volcano. From its base below sca level to its summit, it's also the tallest mountain in the world. FERNANDINA ISLAND: Fernandina Island is an active shield volcano in the Galapagos Islands Shield volcanoes tend to erupt liquid lava. Violent explosions are possible. But they're not as common for shield volcanoes. Because the lava has a low viscosity (more watery), it can flow on the surface better. When these types of volcanoes erupt, lava flows out large distances. Cinder Cones Cinder cones are small in comparison to the other types of volcanoes. In fact, they're only tens of hundreds of meters in size. But at the same time, they're very steep typically with a bowl-shaped crater at the summit. Examples of cinder cones include: CERRO NEGRO: Cerro Negro is an active cinder cone in Nicaragua. It's the youngest in Central America PARICUTIN: The Paricutin volcano in Mexico is a cinder cone that suddenly erupted in a cornfield. Cinder cones form out of tephra, magma, and ash that it throws out. When cinder cones shoot out lava, it splits it up in the air and scatters. Eventually, it cools down and becomes part of its steep cone-like feature. 40. Which of the following statements is True based on the passage? A. MOUNT TOBA is an inactive volcano that erupted in the early 1700s B. Shield volcanoes can be hundreds of kilometers wide and their lava flows out extensively C. Though small in size. Cinder cones are the most active in freguency and the steepest D. MAUNA LOA is the world's highest mountain from the horizon to the mountaintop 41. Which of the following best summarizes the introduction of each volcano? A. illustration-appearance -examples -features B. appearance-examples -formation-location C. illustration-features-examples-exceptions D. illustration-location-appearance-features 42. What is the purpose of writing this passage? A. To entertain those interested in geography with descriptions of volcanoes 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试考 第5页共8页 B. To express general concer about eruptions of different types of volcanoes C. To inform readers of the unique characteristics of different types of volcanoes D. To educate students some basic information about disruptive effects of volcanoes (C) In the competitive world of artificial intelligence, DeepSeek has emerged as a powerful new player. Since its first appearance in late 2o23, this Chinese AI has stirred global attention. representing more than just another technological innovation. It's a complex phenomenon that reflects the shifting landscape of innovation, power and cultural influence in the AI-driven era. Developed by OuantumThink Labs in Shenzhen by a team of Brain engineers and Peking University experts, DeepSeek is not your average chatbot. Trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens (词元), this model shows linguistic proficiency, code generation capabilities and reasoning skills that rival or outperform other competitors. What truly sets DeepSeek apart is its remarkable efficiency, delivering GPT-4-level performance with 30 percent less computational power. In a strategic move, QuantumThink made a simplified version of DeepSeek open source, a decision that has sparked widespread adoption across the globe. Developers from cities like Lagos to Jakarta have quickly embraced it to create a wide range of applications ranging from Swahili poetry generators to AI-powered farm management tools for rural India DeepSeek's quick rise is no accident. It took advantage of three significant gaps in the AI market that set it apart from established players. Firstly, it achieved dominance in various tests. outperforming GPT-4 in logic puzzles and multilingual tasks on LMsYS Chatbot Arena, particularly in languages like Chinese, Arabic and Swahili. A Nairobi team used it to build a real-time Maasai-to-English legal translator that outperformed tools from Google and Meta Secondly, it sparked a cost revolution. Argentine startups reported reducing their cloud computing expenses by 40 percent while using DeepSeek for tasks like generating TV series scripts and tax code analysis. This cost advantage is a game-changer for emerging economies, allowing them to use the most advanced AI at a reduced cost. Thirdly, DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge. It understands specialized internet slang like "xiaoxianrou" (literally "little fresh meat") and even K-pop references, which echoes with users in the Global South who feel excluded by other A products. However, DeepSeek's growing influence is not without challenges, There are concerns that some countries may block firms from using DeepSeek, citing data security concerns. The future of AI, with DeepSeek at the centcr, remains uncertain. 43. According to the passage, what makes DeepSeek special compared to other chatbots? A. It was developed by Brain engineers and Peking University experts. B. It has stirred global attention because of its technological innovation C. It was trained on a surprising 20 trillion tokens, showing remarkable abilities D. It boasts outstanding efficiency, delivering performance with less computational power 44. Which of the following does not contribute to the quick popularity of DeepSeek? A. The simplified version of DeepSeek open source B. Its outstanding performance in various tests C. The promotion and investment it gets D. The cost advantage it boasts 45. Which of the following is a proper example illustrating "DeepSeek brings a unique narrative edge" in the fourth paragraph? A. DeepSeek can answer questions like "How many planets are there in the solar system?" 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第6页共8页 B. DeepSeek can interpret and use region-specific terms like "vyds" meaning very good C. DeepSeek can translate sentences like "The weather is nice today" into another language D. DeepSeek can help with tasks like "Write a formal email to a client". 46. What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Data security concerns may affect the expanding influence of DeepSeek B. DeepSeek's influence is declining due to technical issues. C. DeepSeek's future is certain and unchallenged D. DeepSeek has successfully resolved all data security challenges Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. It originated in Shanghai in 2016 and has grown to 27 branches nationwide B. So why not reveal our true colors? C. Each makes the other better. D. They not only show their efforts, but also present an optimistic outlook on life E. The participants run in pairs, holding a short rope between them F. It's just the beginning of their brand-new lives. Fifty-year-old Chen Hong and 40-year-old Lei Na from Chongqing have made history by becoming the first blind couple in China to complete a fill marathon. During the 2o24 Shanghai Marathon on Dec.1, assisted by five escort runners(护跑队员) Chen and Lei accomplished a 42.19-kilometer full marathon in 5 hours and 47 minutes. Their marathon journey began on Oct.15, 2022, with the founding of the Chongqing branch of Running in the Dark. Running in the Dark is a national charity that supports partially sighted runners. 47 . The organization has also broadened its range to include sports such as hiking, cycling and swimming. Among the earliest participants, Chen and Lei seldom miss any of the branch's monthly running events. Despite both losing their eyesight, the couple has steadily improved their running skills, with their escort runners alongside. 48 One person is visually damaged and the other acts as an escort runner, who alerts the former to turns, obstacles on the track and running techniques "We serve as their eyes, but they help us see from our souls. 49 " said Lu Wei, founder of the Chongaing branch. "By removing the obstacles they face during exercise, we hope to create a closer bond with each other." To prepare for the full marathon in Shanghai, Chen and Lei spent eight months diligently engaged in running and various exercises to enhance their physical and core strength. "I think more people with disabilities should connect with society, which gives them love and respect, rather than isolating themselves at home. We only live once. 50 "Chen said III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. We are living in an age of metaphorical(隐 喻的) parenting. First it was tiger parenting Then helicopter parenting, snowplow parenting, and free-range parenting became trends. Now gentle parenting is having an extended moment. Here's what experts say about these parenting styles and their potential consequences for kids. 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第7页共8页 Known for prioritizing compassion, warmth, and respect, gentle parenting is an approach that has gained popularity in recent years. A major hallmark of this style is the focus on fostering a strong bond between children and their parents. "It involves approaching parenting with understanding and adjustment - being able to look at things through a child's perspective," says Sarah Bren, a licensed clinical psychologist and co-founder of the Upshur-Bren Psychology Grour in Pelham, New York. "Depending on how boundaries are set and discipline is handled, it can look a bit like authoritative or permissive parenting", experts say. Parents who stick to snowplow parenting - which is also called lawnmower parenting or bulldozer parenting - often try to clear obstacles out of a child's path. The parents' intentions may be good - they don't want their kids to struggle or feel distressed -but this isn't realistie because challenges are a natural part of life. As a parent, "You want kids to handle difficulty or conflict with your support and guidance to help them build resilience (toughness)." says Bren However, Bren emphasizes guiding children through difficulties to build resilience, warning that constantly clearing paths due to fear of failure may unintentionally create the exact weakness parents seek to prevent. The term "helicopter parenting" refers to parents who revolve around their children, being controlling and overprotective, ready to jump in to help at any moment. Much like with snowplow parenting, "This micromanaging doesn't help kids learn to navigate difficulties on the road or develop resilience," says Michele Borba, an educational psychologist based in southern California. As a result, "The child becomes dependent and unprepared to make decisions or act independently in real-life situations." IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets 52. 专家们强烈建议,压力大的时候,留点时间锻炼身体。(leave) 53. 别低估微小举动的力量,它能帮不幸的人们渡过难关。(help) 54. 人类的许多行为看上去无害,但会严重破坏海洋的生态平衡,这不足为奇。(It) 55. 随着技术创新和新能源的蓬勃发展,风能和太阳能将日益主导能源供应,实现温室气体 零排放的目标指日可待。(reach) V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in I20-l50 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese 假如你是明启中学的学生李华,你校英语组打算开展“经典名著整本阅读”项目,委托 你了解同学们的想法。了解好以后,请你向负责老师写封邮件,要求: 反映同学们的意见(如内容难度、时间不够、兴趣缺乏等); 提出你的建议及理由。 (文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称 宝山区2024学年第二学期期末高二年级英语学科质量监测试卷 第8页共8页