精品解析：聊城一中老校区2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试英语试题

2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试 英语试题 第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What are the speakers probably doing? A.Taking a walk.　　 B.Making a film. C.Adjusting a camera. 2.When will the man get to the station by car? AAt 8:30 am.　　B.At 8:45 am.　　C.At 9:00 am. 3.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.Tips on making cake. B.Some different kinds of cake. C.What Americans have for breakfast. 4.Where does this conversation take place? A.In a hotel.　　B.In a restaurant.　　C.In a supermarket. 5.What does the man probably want to do? A.Do some exercise. B.Get an extra key. C.Order room service. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6.What’s wrong with the woman’s room? A.It’s a little dark.　　B.It’s not quiet.　　C.It’s smelly. 7.What is the woman’s final decision? A.Moving to another room. B.Checking into another hotel. C.Waiting for a non-smoking room. 听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。 8.What is the woman? A.A doctor.　　B.A nurse.　　C.A saleswoman. 9.What is wrong with the man? A.He has a bad cough. B.He has a slight headache. C.He has an upset stomach. 10.Where is the man going next? A.To the toilet.　　 B.To the waiting room. C.To the doctor’s room. 听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。 11.What is the woman’s concern about the man? AHis idea of honesty. B.His explanation for the basics. C.His absence from classes. 12.What does the woman suggest the man do? A.Memorize some tricks.　　 B.Join a history club. C.Read up on some books. 13.What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Classmates.　　B.Mother and son.　　C.Teacher and student. 听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。 14.Why is the woman listening to books while exercising? A.Multitasking saves time. B.She hates listening to music. C.It adds enjoyment to exercise. 15.What can we say about the man? A.He admires the woman. B.He likes making fun of others. C.He is good at time management. 16.What does the woman say about texting while driving? A.It is impolite.　　B.It is illegal.　　C.It is acceptable. 17.What will the woman talk about next? A.Behaving well.　　B.Being efficient.　　C.Striking a balance. 听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。 18.What do we know about the restaurant? A.It doesn’t have a menu.　　 B.It is located in Italy. C.It lets guests make pizza. 19.What pizza is the most popular? A.The seafood pizza. B.The spicy sausage pizza. C.The black pepper beef pizza. 20.What does the speaker finally remind the listeners to do? A.Try some new drinks. B.Raise their hand for pizza. C.Save room in their stomach for dessert. 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Elephant Conservation Country:Thailand This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks. Daily tasks Collect the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure. Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. How this vacation helps If these elephants hadn’t been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. A rural environment is much better for them than an urban environment where there is lots of pollution. Gorilla Safari Countries:Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda Departures:Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month Extras:gorilla permit ￡220 If you’re lucky, you’ll see lions, elephants and rhinos on safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. How this vacation helps There are only about 600 mountain gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a permit, this will pay for the protection of the national park. Polar Bear Watching Country:Canada Departures:sixty trips between Oct. 1—Nov. 19 Every October and November, groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so they can hunt seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them. How this vacation helps If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits to the Polar Bears Alive Charity. Your comment These awesome bears get all the liquid they need from their food. 1. What will an elephant volunteer do? A. Take food for elephants at 6:30 a.m. B. Sweep the houses of elephants. C. Wash elephants in the lake in the afternoon. D. Watch satellite television on elephants. 2. What do we know about Gorilla Safari? A. You can find gorillas in Kenya and Canada. B. You might get a cold in the mountain forests. C. Visitors need to pay $220 to see 600 gorillas. D. There are about 10 trips to visit gorillas. 3. What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Polar bears don’t need to drink water. B. Polar bears store the liquid in their food. C. Polar bears drink all kinds of liquid. D. Polar bears eat mainly liquid food. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章针对几个保护野生动物的活动做了简单的介绍。 【详解】1.细节理解题。根据文章Daily tasks中的“Clean the enclosure.(清洁围场。)”可知,志愿者要负责清理大象的住所,故选B。 2.细节理解题。从文章Gorilla Safari中“Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month(8月到12月，每月2-3次)”可知大约有10次去观赏大猩猩的行程。故选D。 3.推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“These awesome bears get all the liquid they need from their food.(这些了不起的熊从食物中获取所需的水分。)”可知,北极熊不需要喝水,它所需要的液体都是从食物中获得的。故选A。 B Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent. News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out. Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin. Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge. Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods. After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began. Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further. 4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes? A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage. C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability. 5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs. 6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine? A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds. C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology. 7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo? A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible. C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out.(在那里，他发现了一个生态丰富多样，能够生产食物大陆。他认为干旱并不是大范围饥饿的唯一原因，可持续性被人们忽略了)”可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。故选D项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nzamujo began designing a ‘zero waste’ agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm ‘Songhai’ in the West African country of Benin.(Nzamujo开始设计一个“零浪费”农业系统，这不仅将提高粮食安全，而且有助于环境和创造就业机会。1985年，他在西非国家贝宁开办了他的可持续农场“松海”)”可推知，第三段介绍Nzamujo的解决方案，“零浪费”农业系统。故选A项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段中“Songhai has several ‘eco-literacy’ development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods.(松海有几个“生态素养”发展项目。他们为农民企业家提供为期18个月的培训课程，和在短期内学习除草等技术。人们从世界各地赶来学习Nzamujo的方法)”可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。故选C项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa.(20世纪80年代早期，非洲各地发生干旱的消息令Nzamujo感到不安。带着微生物学博士学位和他的信仰，他回到了非洲)”可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推知，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。故选B项。 C Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 8. What can we know about GANs? A. GANs can cheat trained observers. B. GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C. GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D. GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 9. Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A. To warn people the risk of online fraud. B. To train people to discover fake photos online. C. To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D. To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 10. What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A. Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B. Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C. Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D. Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Development of Internet scams. B. Development of AI technology C. Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D. Legal frameworks for GANs 【答案】8. C 9. C 10. D 11. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究发现，该研究主要探讨了生成对抗网络（GANs）如何创建出逼真的假人脸图像，这些图像能够欺骗观察者，甚至训练过的观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Al programs called generative adversarial networks(生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other.(被称为生成对抗网络或GANs的人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。)”可知，GANs是一种人工智能程序，可以通过让两个神经网络相互竞争，学会创建与真实图像越来越难以区分的假图像。故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people.( Nightingale和她在加州大学伯克利分校的同事Hany Farid在一个众包网站上招募了315名参与者，让他们回答是否能分辨出400张假照片和400张真人照片。)”可知，Nightingale和Farid进行这项研究的目的是看看人们是否能分辨出假脸和真脸。故选C。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. (Nightingale说：“我们需要更严格的道德准则和更多的法律框架，因为不可避免地会有人想要使用这些图像来造成伤害，这令人担忧。”)”以及最后一段“To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.”(为了降低这些风险，开发人员可以在图像上添加水印来标记它们是假的。她说。“在我看来，这已经够糟糕的了。如果我们不采取措施阻止它，情况只会变得更糟。”)”可知，Nightingale认为开发人员应该采取措施来标记假脸照片，以防止这些照片被用来对别人造成伤害。故选D。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles.(计算机生成的虚构人脸非常逼真，甚至可以骗过训练有素的观察者。它们可以很容易地在网上下载并用于网络诈骗和伪造社交媒体资料。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要聚焦于生成对抗网络（GANs）创建的假人脸图像如何逼真到足以欺骗观察者，以及这些图像可能如何被用于网络诈骗和创建虚假的社交媒体账号。文章还探讨了假人脸图像在信任度评价方面的影响，以及由此引发的对伦理和法律问题的关注。选项C“Will fake faces look more trustworthy? (假脸会看起来更可信吗？)” 最能概括文章的核心内容，即探讨假人脸图像的逼真性和其对人们信任度评价的影响。这个标题既体现了文章的核心讨论点，也具有一定的吸引力，能够引起读者的兴趣。故选C。 D Researchers have discovered that limiting a certain enzyme (酶) can have a dramatic impact in protecting against the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症). The finding could lead to a new class of drugs that fight the disease. Much of the historical research into Alzheimer’s disease(AD) has focused on plaques (斑块) that form in the brain, which recently, though, have been found not likely to be the direct cause of it. In seeking another way forward, a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s. With the intention of investigating how PDE4B might affect the brain, the UK team genetically modified (改造) mice with Alzheimer’s to reduce PDE4B activity. The results are astonishing. First, the mice with Alzheimer’s and normal PDE4B expression showed memory loss in the sense of direction, a distinctive characteristic of AD. But those who had the genetic modification to have less PDE4B activity showed no damage at all. The team also observed that inflammation (炎症), another hallmark of AD, decreased to some extent in the brains of mice with less PDE4B activity, compared to those with more of the enzyme. Because all of these effects were found in the mice that already had Alzheimer’s but had significant improvement in symptoms, the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways. “These results offer real hope for the development of new treatments that will benefit patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the future,” said Neil Dawson, a co- author of the study. “The next stage is to test whetherPDE4B- limiting drugs have similar beneficial effects in the AD mouse model, to test their potential effectiveness in human Alzheimer’s disease.” 12. How did the British researchers get the inspiration? A. By figuring out the direct cause of AD. B. By going over much historical research. C. By referring to a previous Australian study. D. By breaking down PDE4B in the AD mouse. 13. What can be learnt about PDE4B? A. Its activity promotes the sense of direction. B. It might bring about the development of AD. C. It is processed by a certain enzyme in the brain. D. It will be investigated to reduce mice brain activity. 14. What does the underlined word “hallmark” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Cause. B. Feature. C. Principle. D. Finding. 15. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A. The future research focus. B. The existing research background. C. The probable research limitation. D. The practical research application. 【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了限制PDE4B酶对阿尔兹海默症的影响及其研究前景。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s (一组英国研究人员参考了一项澳大利亚研究，该研究表明，拥有生产一种名为PDE4B的酶的基因被确定为患阿尔兹海默症的风险因素。)”可知，英国研究人员是通过参考之前的澳大利亚研究获得灵感的。故选C。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s (一组英国研究人员参考了一项澳大利亚研究，该研究表明，拥有生产一种名为PDE4B的酶的基因被确定为患阿尔兹海默症的风险因素。)”可知，PDE4B可能会导致阿尔兹海默症的发展。故选B。 【14题详解】 词句猜测题。根据文章第四段中的“a distinctive characteristic of AD.(阿尔兹海默症一个显著特征)”“The team also observed that inflammation (炎症), another hallmark of AD (研究团队还观察到，炎症——阿尔兹海默症的另一个标志)”可知，hallmark意为“特征”。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways. (研究人员表示，进一步研究如何在患有这种疾病的人类患者中限制PDE4B的活性可能会开辟新的治疗途径。)”可知，文章最后两段内容主要讲述了未来的研究重点。故选A。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. ___16___ Sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. ___17___ It informs how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others: how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”, and how we express identities of race, class and gender among others. ___18___ This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things. from building, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products. Sociologists see the two sides of culture-the material and non-material-as closely connected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture. ___19___ But it is not a one-way relationship between material and non-material culture. Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. ___20___ This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns. What has come before in terms of music. film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then. in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products. A. It is composed of both non-material and material things. B. Without culture, we would not have relationships or society. C. Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform. D. Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use. E. Culture is different from social structure and economic aspects of society. F. In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make. G. For example, a great documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs. 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. F 20. G 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社会学概念中文化的各种形式以及内容。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. (文化是社会学中最重要的概念之一，因为社会学家认识到它在我们的社会生活中起着至关重要的作用。)”可知，前文引出社会学概念中的文化这个话题，本空应继续讨论这一话题。由下文“Sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. (社会学家将文化的非物质方面定义为一群人共同拥有的价值观和信仰、语言、交流和实践。)”可知，由此可知文化在社会学表现为物质和非物质方面。A选项“It is composed of both non-material and material things. (它由非物质的和物质的东西组成。)”该项可作为第一段的段尾句，同时引起后文关于文化两个方面的内容，起到承上启下的作用。故选A。 【17题详解】 根据下文“It informs how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others: how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”, and how we express identities of race, class and gender. among others. (它告诉我们如何走路、坐着、运用身体和与他人互动；我们如何根据地点、时间和“观众”做出行为，以及我们如何表达种族、阶级和性别等身份。)”可知，人们的一些行为也是根据文化本身而进行的，本空是关于文化对行为和表现的影响。C选项“Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform. (文化也是我们所做的事情以及我们的行为和表现方式。)”提到的“行为和表现”对应后文中出现的“走路、坐着、互动”等，能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。 【18题详解】 根据下文“This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things. from building, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. (这方面的文化包括各种各样的东西，从建筑、科技产品和服装，到电影、音乐、文学和艺术等等。)”可知，能通过建筑、科技等方式体现的文化指的是文化的物质方面，D选项“Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use. (物质文化是由人类制造和使用的东西组成的。)”提到的“由人类制造和使用的东西”指的是后文中提到的“建筑、科技产品、服装”等，该项能引起后文，符合题意。故选D。 【19题详解】 根据上文“Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture. (物质文化产生于文化的非物质方面，并由其塑造。)”可知，文化的物质和非物质方面是相互影响的，尤其是非物质方面会影响物质方面，本空应继续讨论这一话题，F选项“In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make. (换句话说，我们所重视的、相信的和知道的影响着我们所做的事情。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。 【20题详解】 根据上文“Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. (物质文化也能够影响非物质文化。)”可知，本空继续谈论物质文化对非物质文化的影响，G选项“For example, a great documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs. (例如，一部伟大的纪录片可能会改变人们的态度和信仰。)”提供了一个具体的例子，这正好是对前文观点的例证，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 One pet parrot (鹦鹉) Louie managed to save a Tennessee family. The Smiths were woken up by the bird’s repeated and ___21___ cries. “If it hadn’t been for him, I probably would have been asleep during the disaster.” Barbara Klein recently tolda news agency, “Louie is a ___22___ hero. He started shouting ‘Fire’. He had never said that ___23___before.” When they woke up, they were shocked to find the ___24___ had spread across the rooms of the house. Barbara immediately carried her 5-year-old granddaughter and ___25___out of the house. But her husband Larry ___26___ escaped, and then was sent to hospital for the___27___. “Larry ran to the kitchen and was trying to ___28___ the fire with water,” Barbara said. “Later he ran back into the house to try to ___29___our pets and his guitar. He kept saying he couldn’t breathe and I was shouting at him to ____30____ the house. I quickly told him to get down and he crawled out.” Barbara said her husband had to ____31____ in hospital while doctors tried to cure him so that he was able to attend the sixth ____32____ party of his cute granddaughter. Although there was nothing left in their home, the family received support from a large number of ____33____ people. ____34____, Louie didn’t survive with them. However, to everyone’s relief, a generous person provided a flat to the Smiths and____35____ a new baby parrot to the family. “We call him Louie Jr.”, said Barbara. 21. A. sweet B. noisy C. soft D. lovely 22. A. great B. real C. true D. good 23. A. word B. signal C. sound D. voice 24. A. news B. cries C. fire D. smoke 25 A. drove B. jumped C. walked D. ran 26. A. ultimately B. narrowly C. constantly D. apparently 27. A. wounds B. hurts C. injuries D. burns 28. A. put out B. pick up C. take down D. look over 29. A. meet B. rescue C. hide D. check 30. A. enter B. protect C. leave D. repair 31. A. work B. wait C. live D. stay 32. A. birthday B. wedding C. dancing D. holiday 33. A. normal B. gentle C. kind D. rich 34. A. Unluckily B. Definitely C. Eventually D. Gradually 35. A. borrowed B. presented C. offered D. obtained 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了一只鹦鹉路易成功拯救了田纳西州的一个家庭的故事。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：史密斯一家被这只鸟反复嘈杂的叫声吵醒了。A. sweet甜美的；B. noisy嘈杂的；C. soft柔和的；D. lovely可爱的。根据上文“The Smiths were woken up by the bird’s repeated”可知，史密斯一家被吵醒是因为鸟儿反复吵闹的叫声，故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：芭芭拉·克莱因最近告诉新闻社，“路易是一个真正的英雄”。A. great伟大的；B. real现实的；C. true真正的D. good好的；根据上文“One pet parrot (鹦鹉) Louie managed to save a Tennessee family. (一只宠物鹦鹉路易设法拯救了田纳西州的一个家庭。)”及““If it hadn’t been for him, I probably would have been asleep during the disaster.”(“如果不是他，我可能在灾难期间就睡着了”。)”可知，这只鹦鹉拯救了一个家庭，是真正的英雄，故选C项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他以前从未说过这个词。A. word单词；B. signal信号；C. sound声音；D. voice语音。根据上文“He started shouting ‘Fire’”可知，鸟儿喊出了以前没有说过的“着火”这个词，故选A项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他们醒来时，他们震惊地发现火势已经蔓延到房子的房间。A. news新闻；B. cries哭泣；C. fire火灾；D. smoke烟雾。根据上文“He started shouting ‘Fire’.”可知，史密斯一家着火了，故选C项。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：芭芭拉立即抱着她5岁的孙女跑出了房子。A. drove驾驶；B. jumped跳；C. walked步行；D. ran跑。根据“When they woke up, they were shocked to find the ___4___ had spread across the rooms of the house.”可知，火灾情况危机，芭芭拉抱着孙女跑出去了，故选D项。 【26题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但她的丈夫拉里侥幸逃脱，然后因烧伤被送往医院。A. ultimately最终地；B. narrowly勉强地；C. constantly持续地；D. apparently明显地。根据上文“Barbara immediately carried her 5-year-old granddaughter and ___5___out of the house. But her husband Larry ___6___ escaped, and then was sent to hospital”可知，芭芭拉带着孙女跑出了房子，结合空前But推知，她的丈夫是勉强逃生，并被送往了医院。故选B项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她的丈夫拉里侥幸逃脱，然后因烧伤被送往医院。A. wounds伤口；B. hurts受伤；C. injuries伤口；D. burns烧伤。根据上文的大货以及前文“was sent to hospital”可知，是因为烧伤了，所以被送往了医院，故选D项。 【28题详解】 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：“拉里跑到厨房，试图用水灭火，”芭芭拉说，后来他跑回屋里试图救出我们的宠物和他的吉他。A. put out扑灭；B. pick up捡起；C. take down取下；D. look over看过去。根据“with water,”可知，是用水把火扑灭，故选A项。 【29题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来他跑回屋里，试图救出我们的宠物和他的吉他。A. meet遇见；B. rescue营救；C. hide隐藏；D. check检查。根据上文“Larry ran to the kitchen and was trying to ___8___ the fire with water”可知，他是想回到房子里把火扑灭，救出宠物和他的吉他，故选B项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他一直说他无法呼吸，我大喊他离开家。A. enter进入；B. protect保护；C. leave离开；D. repair修复。根据“He kept saying he couldn’t breathe and I was shouting at him to”可知，他很危险，所以芭芭拉让他赶紧让他离开着火的房子，故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：芭芭拉说，她的丈夫不得不留在医院，而医生试图治愈他，以便他能够参加他可爱的孙女的六岁生日派对。A. work工作；B. wait等待；C. live生活；D. stay停留。根据下文“while doctors tried to cure him”可知，他不得不留在医院里接受医生的治疗，故选D项。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：芭芭拉说，她的丈夫不得不留在医院，而医生试图治愈他，以便他能够参加他可爱的孙女的六岁生日派对。A. birthday生日；B. wedding婚礼；C. dancing跳舞；D. holiday节日。根据“he was able to attend the sixth ___12___ party of his cute granddaughter.”可知，他在医院接受治疗是为了能够参加孙女六岁的生日派对，故选A项。 【33题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然家里一无所有，但一家人得到了许多好心人的支持。A. normal正常的；B. gentle温柔的；C. kind好心的；D. rich丰富的。根据上文“the family received support from a large number of”可知，他们收到了很多好心人的支持，故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，路易没有和他们一起活下来。A. Unluckily不幸地B. Definitely肯定地；C. Eventually最终地；D. Gradually逐渐地。根据下文“Louie didn’t survive with them”可知，路易没有活下来，是不幸地，故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，令大家松了一口气的是，一位慷慨的人为史密斯夫妇提供了一套公寓，并向家人赠送了一只新的小鹦鹉。A. borrowed借用；B. presented赠送；C. offered赠送；D. obtained获得。根据上文“a generous person provided a flat to the Smiths and”可知，小鹦鹉是慷慨的人送的，故选B项。 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing Central Axis was inscribed (写入) on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, ____36____ marks China’s 59th World Heritage Site. Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, it is an ____37____ (influence) masterpiece running north-south through the heart of the old city of Beijing, totaling 7.8 kilometers in ____38____ (long). The newly inscribed World Heritage Site, consisting of 15 components, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, ____39____ (present) a collection of building complexes and archaeological sites that governs the overall layout of Beijing’s old city. World-famous ____40____ (landmark) like the Forbidden City and the Tian’an men Square Complex, are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture ____41____ (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is ____42____ (true) a remarkable sight showcasing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese urban planners. Years of efforts in preservation and restoration have resulted ____43____ the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis, which is ____44____ unique blend of history, culture and architecture. It has formed a magnificent urban architectural complex, _____45_____ (witness) the ideal order of capital cities that has influenced the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years. 【答案】36. which 37. influential 38. length 39. presents 40. landmarks 41. are located 42. truly 43. in 44. a 45. witnessing 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京中轴线的历史和现实意义。 【36题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：北京中轴线于7月27日被列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录，这是中国第59个世界遗产。先行词为整句话，在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。 【37题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它始建于13世纪，造型于16世纪，是一项有影响力的杰作，贯穿北京老城区的中心地带，全长7.8公里。修饰名词masterpiece，需用形容词influential。故填influential。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：它始建于13世纪，造型于16世纪，是一项有影响力的杰作，贯穿北京老城区的中心地带，全长7.8公里。in length“在长度方面”介词后用名词作宾语。故填length。 【39题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：新入选的世界遗产由15个组成部分组成，北端是钟鼓楼，南端是永定门，展示了一系列建筑群和考古遗址，这些遗址支配着北京旧城的整体布局。present作谓语，描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语为The newly inscribed World Heritage Site，谓语用一般现在时的单数形式presents。故填presents。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：世界著名的地标，如紫禁城和天安门广场群，沿着中轴线，天坛和农神坛位于中轴线的东西两侧。landmark为可数名词，此处表示不止一个，用其复数形式为landmarks。 故填landmarks。 【41题详解】 考查时态语态。句意同上。locate是谓语动词，描述事实用一般现在时，主语为the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture，是复数，与locate是被动关系，故谓语用are located。故填are located。 【42题详解】 考查副词。句意：北京中轴线确实是展示中国古代城市规划者智慧和创造力的非凡景观。修饰动词句子用副词作状语，故填truly。 【43题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：经过多年的保护和修复工作，北京中轴线被成功地铭刻为历史、文化和建筑的独特融合。result in“导致”， 符合句意，故填in。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：经过多年的保护和修复工作，北京中轴线被成功地铭刻为历史、文化和建筑的独特融合。此处泛指“一种历史、文化和建筑的独特融合”，unique以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【45题详解】 考查现在分词。句意：它形成了一个宏伟的城市建筑群，见证了两千多年来影响中国传统城市建筑的首都理想秩序。 句子的谓语动词是has formed，witness用非谓语动词形式作状语，witness与主语it是主动关系，用现在分词形式，故填witnessing。 第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校上周组织学生去当地公园开展研学活动（field trip），了解当地的环保状况。请你为校学生英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 活动的具体内容； 2. 发现与感受。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 A Field Trip ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Field Trip Last week, a field trip to the local park was organized by our school to help students learn more about our local environment protection. When arriving at the park, we students were divided into several groups and assigned different tasks. Some of us were told to take water samples from the lake, while others went to observe the local species. After a whole day’s work, we found both the water and the local species are in good condition. Tired as all of us felt, we thought it worthwhile. 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生为校学生英文报写一篇学校上周组织学生去当地公园开展研学活动了解当地的环保状况的新闻报道。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 帮助：help → assist 到达：arrive at → reaching 观察：observe → watch 任务：task → assignment 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Last week, a field trip to the local park was organized by our school to help students learn more about our local environment protection. 拓展句：Last week, a field trip to the local park, which aimed to help students learn more about our local environment protection, was organized by our school . 【点睛】【高分句型1】 When arriving at the park, we students were divided into several groups and assigned different tasks.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】 Tired as all of us felt, we thought it worthwhile.(运用了as引导让步状语从句的倒装) 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse sill, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore. They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day’s hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure. That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice,“It’s those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.”Understanding the pair’s disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted,”Well, it’s really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us.”complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other.Suddenly, an idea lashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!” the pair said in chorus. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. Maria and Peter decided to take advantage of the Internet. “Maybe we can write an article to arouse people's awareness.” Maria proposed. “Good idea! We can also make a video!" Peter added. The next few hours witnessed their heated discussion and growing confidence in a clean and beautiful coast. The next day, they went to the beach and filmed a short video showing plastic bags lying on the beach and floating in the sea. Peter, who was good at writing, wrote an article talking about the present situation of the beach and asking people to take part in the clean-up. Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. To their amazement, their post went viral online immediately. Countless comments flooded in saying how heartbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean. What amazed Maria and Peter more was that numerous people in their community, encouraged by their efforts, offered to join in their clean-up. More and more people came to the beach to collect plastic bags and they also appealed to others to avoid throwing or using plastic bags. A year later, with their joint and continuous effort, the coast regained its beauty and Maria and Peter regained their long-awaited pleasure. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了住在沿海城市的玛丽亚和彼得发现塑料袋被扔在海滩上，对此很苦恼，决定要做点什么来阻止美丽的大海被浪费掉。于是他们决定通过在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。视频和文章得到了人们积极响应。在大家的共同和持续努力下，海岸恢复了美丽。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“两人很快吃完晚饭，上楼开始计划。”可知，第一段可描写Maria and Peter商量对策，决定在网上制作视频、写文章来呼吁大家一起爱护环境。 ②由第二段首句内容“他们既兴奋又紧张，在微信上发布了这段视频和文章。”可知，第二段可描写视频和文章在网上发布后得到的反应以及大家的行动和结果。 2.续写线索：商量——做视频——呼吁——反应——行动——沙滩变美 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①利用：take advantage of /make use of ②建议：propose/suggest /advise ③鼓舞：encourage/inspire 情绪类 ①惊讶：amazement /surprise ②伤心：heartbroken /broken-hearted/sad 【点睛】 [高分句型1]. Peter, who was good at writing, wrote an article talking about the present situation of the beach and asking people to take part in the clean-up.（运用了关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句） [高分句型2]. Countless comments flooded in saying how heartbroken they were when looking at the polluted beach and ocean.（由连接词how引导的宾语从句作saying的宾语） [高分句型3]. What amazed Maria and Peter more was that numerous people in their community, encouraged by their efforts, offered to join in their clean-up.（由连接代词what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期中考试 英语试题 第一部分　听力(共两节,满分30分) 第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1.What are the speakers probably doing? A.Taking a walk.　　 B.Making a film. C.Adjusting a camera. 2.When will the man get to the station by car? A.At 8:30 am.　　B.At 8:45 am.　　C.At 9:00 am. 3.What are the speakers mainly talking about? A.Tips on making cake. B.Some different kinds of cake. C.What Americans have for breakfast. 4.Where does this conversation take place? A.In a hotel.　　B.In a restaurant.　　C.In a supermarket. 5.What does the man probably want to do? A.Do some exercise. B.Get an extra key. C.Order room service. 第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分) 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。 6What’s wrong with the woman’s room? A.It’s a little dark.　　B.It’s not quiet.　　C.It’s smelly. 7.What is the woman’s final decision? A.Moving to another room. B.Checking into another hotel. C.Waiting for a non-smoking room. 听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。 8.What is the woman? A.A doctor.　　B.A nurse.　　C.A saleswoman. 9.What is wrong with the man? A.He has a bad cough. B.He has a slight headache. C.He has an upset stomach. 10.Where is the man going next? A.To the toilet.　　 B.To the waiting room. C.To the doctor’s room. 听第8段材料,回答第11至13题。 11What is the woman’s concern about the man? A.His idea of honesty. B.His explanation for the basics. C.His absence from classes. 12.What does the woman suggest the man do? A.Memorize some tricks.　　 B.Join a history club. C.Read up on some books. 13.What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Classmates.　　B.Mother and son.　　C.Teacher and student. 听第9段材料,回答第14至17题。 14.Why is the woman listening to books while exercising? A.Multitasking saves time. B.She hates listening to music. C.It adds enjoyment to exercise. 15.What can we say about the man? A.He admires the woman. B.He likes making fun of others. C.He is good at time management. 16.What does the woman say about texting while driving? A.It is impolite.　　B.It is illegal.　　C.It is acceptable. 17.What will the woman talk about next? A.Behaving well.　　B.Being efficient.　　C.Striking a balance. 听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。 18.What do we know about the restaurant? A.It doesn’t have a menu.　　 B.It is located in Italy. C.It lets guests make pizza. 19.What pizza is the most popular? A.The seafood pizza. B.The spicy sausage pizza. C.The black pepper beef pizza. 20.What does the speaker finally remind the listeners to do? A.Try some new drinks. B.Raise their hand for pizza. C.Save room in their stomach for dessert. 第二部分　阅读(共两节,满分50分) 第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Elephant Conservation Country:Thailand This is a working vacation at a wildlife centre. Anyone can become a volunteer if he/she agrees to help the elephant keepers with tasks. Daily tasks Collect the elephants at 6:30 a.m. Take them to look for food in the forest. Clean the enclosure. Swim with the elephants in the lake in the afternoon. If volunteers want to relax after work, they can watch satellite television. How this vacation helps If these elephants hadn’t been rescued, they would still be living on the streets of Bangkok. A rural environment is much better for them than an urban environment where there is lots of pollution. Gorilla Safari Countries:Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda Departures:Aug.—Dec., 2—3 departures per month Extras:gorilla permit ￡220 If you’re lucky, you’ll see lions, elephants and rhinos on safari. The highlight of the trip is the opportunity to see gorillas in the mountain forests. However, you must be in good health—if a gorilla caught a cold, it would be extremely harmful to its whole family. How this vacation helps There are only about 600 mountain gorillas left in the world as human activity has reduced the area where they can live. When you buy a permit, this will pay for the protection of the national park. Polar Bear Watching Country:Canada Departures:sixty trips between Oct. 1—Nov. 19 Every October and November, groups of polar bears gather in Hudson Bay. As they are normally lonely creatures, this is unusual. The bears wait for the ocean to freeze so they can hunt seals, so this is the perfect opportunity to see them. How this vacation helps If the Arctic ice cap melts due to global warming, polar bears will be in danger. We give a share of our profits to the Polar Bears Alive Charity. Your comment These awesome bears get all the liquid they need from their food. 1. What will an elephant volunteer do? A. Take food for elephants at 6:30 a.m. B. Sweep the houses of elephants. C. Wash elephants in the lake in the afternoon. D. Watch satellite television on elephants. 2. What do we know about Gorilla Safari? A. You can find gorillas in Kenya and Canada. B. You might get a cold in the mountain forests. C. Visitors need to pay $220 to see 600 gorillas. D. There are about 10 trips to visit gorillas. 3 What can we know from the last paragraph? A. Polar bears don’t need to drink water. B. Polar bears store the liquid in their food. C. Polar bears drink all kinds of liquid. D. Polar bears eat mainly liquid food. B Thirty-five years ago, with just one acre of land, a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope, one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine (饥荒) on his continent. News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith, he travelled back to Africa. There, he found a continent ecologically rich, diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger, and that sustainability had been left out. Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security, but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985, he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin. Nzamajo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots, and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge. Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers, to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods. After seeing success on his first zero waste farm, he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today, the Songhai model is applied across the continent, including Nigena. Uganda, Sierra Leone and Liberia, Nzamujo says they've trained more than 7.000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30, 000 people in total since it began. Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat, hunger, unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further. 4. Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes? A. Poor soil. B. Water shortage. C. Lack of resources. D. Unsustainability. 5. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3? A. Introduce a solution. B. Give examples to the readers. C. Add some background information. D. Summarize the previous paragraphs. 6. How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine? A. By offering land. B. By trading seeds. C. By educating farmers. D. By selling technology. 7. Which of the following best describes Nzamujo? A. Critical and careful. B. Learned and responsible. C. Optimistic and generous. D. Considerate and ambitious. C Fictional, computer-generated human faces are so convincing they can fool even trained observers. They can be easily downloaded online and used for Internet scams(诈骗)and fake social media profiles. Al programs called generative adversarial networks (生成对抗网络), or GANs, can learn to create fake images that are less and less distinguishable from real images, by competing two neural networks against each other. Nightingale and her colleague Hany Farid at the University of California, Berkeley, asked 315 participants, recruited on a crowdsourcing website, to say whether they could distinguish a selection of 400 fake photos from 400 photographs of real people. Each set consisted of 100 people from each of four ethnic groups: white, Black, East Asian and South Asian. This group had an accuracy rate of 48.2 percent—slightly worse than chance. A second group of 219 participants were given training to recognize computer-generated faces. This group had an accuracy rate of 59 percent, but this difference is negligible (可忽略的), says Nightingale. The researchers also asked a separate group of 223 participants to rate a selection of the same faces on their level of trustworthiness, on a scale of 1 to 7. They rated the fake faces as 8 percent more trustworthy, on average, than the real faces—a small yet significant difference, according to Nightingale. That might be because artificial faces look more like “average” human faces, and people are more likely to trust typical-looking faces, she says. Looking at the extremes, the four faces rated most untrustworthy were real, whereas the three most trustworthy faces were fake. “We need stricter ethical guidelines and more legal frameworks in place because, inevitably, there are going to be people out there who want to use these images to do harm, and that’s worrying,” says Nightingale. To reduce these risks, developers could add watermarks to their images to flag them as fake. she says. “In my opinion, this is bad enough. It’s just going to get worse if we don’t do something to stop it.” 8. What can we know about GANs? A. GANs can cheat trained observers. B. GANs should be used under strict legal frameworks. C. GANs can generate artificial pictures close to real ones. D. GANs-generated Images can not be distinguished from real ones. 9. Why did Nightingale and Farid carry out the research? A. To warn people the risk of online fraud. B. To train people to discover fake photos online. C. To see if people can distinguish fake faces from real ones. D. To test whether GANs can create fake faces to fool people. 10. What does Nightingale mean in the last paragraph? A. Stricter laws and regulations should be imposed. B. Effective ways are needed but not found yet. C. Watermarks are an effective way against fake images. D. Responsibility should be taken by developers to prevent misuse of fake images. 11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A. Development of Internet scams. B. Development of AI technology C. Will fake faces look more trustworthy? D. Legal frameworks for GANs D Researchers have discovered that limiting a certain enzyme (酶) can have a dramatic impact in protecting against the effects of Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔兹海默症). The finding could lead to a new class of drugs that fight the disease. Much of the historical research into Alzheimer’s disease(AD) has focused on plaques (斑块) that form in the brain, which recently, though, have been found not likely to be the direct cause of it. In seeking another way forward, a group of British researchers turned to an Australian study which showed having the gene for the production of an enzyme known as PDE4B was identified as a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s. With the intention of investigating how PDE4B might affect the brain, the UK team genetically modified (改造) mice with Alzheimer’s to reduce PDE4B activity. The results are astonishing. First, the mice with Alzheimer’s and normal PDE4B expression showed memory loss in the sense of direction, a distinctive characteristic of AD. But those who had the genetic modification to have less PDE4B activity showed no damage at all. The team also observed that inflammation (炎症), another hallmark of AD, decreased to some extent in the brains of mice with less PDE4B activity, compared to those with more of the enzyme. Because all of these effects were found in the mice that already had Alzheimer’s but had significant improvement in symptoms, the researchers say that further investigation into how to limit PDE4B in human patients with the condition could lead to new treatment pathways. “These results offer real hope for the development of new treatments that will benefit patients with Alzheimer’s disease in the future,” said Neil Dawson, a co- author of the study. “The next stage is to test whetherPDE4B- limiting drugs have similar beneficial effects in the AD mouse model, to test their potential effectiveness in human Alzheimer’s disease.” 12. How did the British researchers get the inspiration? A. By figuring out the direct cause of AD. B. By going over much historical research. C. By referring to a previous Australian study. D. By breaking down PDE4B in the AD mouse. 13. What can be learnt about PDE4B? A. Its activity promotes the sense of direction. B. It might bring about the development of AD. C. It is processed by a certain enzyme in the brain. D. It will be investigated to reduce mice brain activity. 14. What does the underlined word “hallmark” in Paragraph 4 mean? A. Cause. B. Feature. C. Principle. D. Finding. 15. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about? A. The future research focus. B. The existing research background. C. The probable research limitation. D. The practical research application. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Culture is one of the most important concepts within sociology because sociologists recognize that it plays a crucial role in our social lives. ___16___ Sociologists define the non-material aspects of culture as the values and beliefs, language, communication and practices that are shared in common by a group of people. Expanding on these categories, culture is made up of our knowledge, common sense, assumptions and expectations. ___17___ It informs how we walk, sit, carry our bodies and interact with others: how we behave depending on the place, time and “audience”, and how we express identities of race, class and gender among others. ___18___ This aspect of culture includes a wide variety of things. from building, technological gadgets and clothing, to film, music, literature and art, among others. Aspects of material culture are more commonly referred to as cultural products. Sociologists see the two sides of culture-the material and non-material-as closely connected. Material culture emerges from and is shaped by the non-material aspects of culture. ___19___ But it is not a one-way relationship between material and non-material culture. Material culture can also influence the non-material aspects of culture. ___20___ This is why cultural products tend to follow patterns. What has come before in terms of music. film, television and art, for example, influences the values, beliefs and expectations of those who interact with them, which then. in turn, influence the creation of additional cultural products. A. It is composed of both non-material and material things. B. Without culture, we would not have relationships or society. C. Culture is also what we do and how we behave and perform. D. Material culture is composed of the things that humans make and use. E. Culture is different from social structure and economic aspects of society. F. In other words, what we value, believe and know influences the things that we make. G. For example, a great documentary film might change people’s attitudes and beliefs. 第三部分　语言运用(共两节,满分30分) 第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 One pet parrot (鹦鹉) Louie managed to save a Tennessee family. The Smiths were woken up by the bird’s repeated and ___21___ cries. “If it hadn’t been for him I probably would have been asleep during the disaster.” Barbara Klein recently tolda news agency, “Louie is a ___22___ hero. He started shouting ‘Fire’. He had never said that ___23___before.” When they woke up, they were shocked to find the ___24___ had spread across the rooms of the house. Barbara immediately carried her 5-year-old granddaughter and ___25___out of the house. But her husband Larry ___26___ escaped, and then was sent to hospital for the___27___. “Larry ran to the kitchen and was trying to ___28___ the fire with water,” Barbara said. “Later he ran back into the house to try to ___29___our pets and his guitar. He kept saying he couldn’t breathe and I was shouting at him to ____30____ the house. I quickly told him to get down and he crawled out.” Barbara said her husband had to ____31____ in hospital while doctors tried to cure him so that he was able to attend the sixth ____32____ party of his cute granddaughter. Although there was nothing left in their home the family received support from a large number of ____33____ people. ____34____, Louie didn’t survive with them. However, to everyone’s relief, a generous person provided a flat to the Smiths and____35____ a new baby parrot to the family. “We call him Louie Jr.”, said Barbara. 21. A. sweet B. noisy C. soft D. lovely 22. A. great B. real C. true D. good 23. A. word B. signal C. sound D. voice 24. A. news B. cries C. fire D. smoke 25. A. drove B. jumped C. walked D. ran 26. A. ultimately B. narrowly C. constantly D. apparently 27. A. wounds B. hurts C. injuries D. burns 28. A. put out B. pick up C. take down D. look over 29. A. meet B. rescue C. hide D. check 30. A. enter B. protect C. leave D. repair 31. A. work B. wait C. live D. stay 32. A. birthday B. wedding C. dancing D. holiday 33. A. normal B. gentle C. kind D. rich 34. A. Unluckily B. Definitely C. Eventually D. Gradually 35. A. borrowed B. presented C. offered D. obtained 第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Beijing Central Axis was inscribed (写入) on the UNESCO World Heritage List on July 27, ____36____ marks China’s 59th World Heritage Site. Initially constructed in the 13th century and shaped in the 16th century, it is an ____37____ (influence) masterpiece running north-south through the heart of the old city of Beijing, totaling 7.8 kilometers in ____38____ (long). The newly inscribed World Heritage Site, consisting of 15 components, with the Bell and Drum Towers at its northern end and Yongdingmen Gate at the southern end, ____39____ (present) a collection of building complexes and archaeological sites that governs the overall layout of Beijing’s old city. World-famous ____40____ (landmark) like the Forbidden City and the Tian’an men Square Complex, are along the Axis, and the Temple of Heaven and the Altar of the God of Agriculture ____41____ (locate) on the east and west sides of the Axis. Beijing Central Axis is ____42____ (true) a remarkable sight showcasing the wisdom and creativity of ancient Chinese urban planners. Years of efforts in preservation and restoration have resulted ____43____ the successful inscription of Beijing Central Axis, which is ____44____ unique blend of history, culture and architecture. It has formed a magnificent urban architectural complex, _____45_____ (witness) the ideal order of capital cities that has influenced the buildings of traditional Chinese cities for more than two thousands years. 第四部分　写作(共两节,满分40分) 第一节 (满分15分) 46. 假定你是李华，你校上周组织学生去当地公园开展研学活动（field trip），了解当地的环保状况。请你为校学生英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： 1. 活动的具体内容； 2. 发现与感受。 注意：写作词数应为80个左右。 A Field Trip ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节(满分25分) 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Maria and Peter lived in a coastal city. The greatest pleasure in summer for them was to swim at their local beach after school. But one day they started to lose their enthusiasm for swimming in the waters. More often than not, they would find plastic bags thrown on the beach. Worse sill, as they swam in the water, some plastic bags would float around them and even stick to their legs when they walked to the shore. They were upset and decided something needed to be done to stop the beautiful sea becoming consumed by waste.One weekend,Maria and Peter brought a big bag to the beach and determined to clean it up. Sweat streamed down from their forehead while they bent down and picked up the plastic bags. To their disappointment, after a day’s hard work, there were still many plastic bags lying on the beach or floating in the water. Going home with aching legs and arms, Maria and Peter were almost defeated by a strong sense of failure. That night over dinner with their parents, the pair ate silently. Noticing their low spirits, Mother asked gently, “You two looked so down. What happened?”Exchanging glances with Peter, Maria replied in a low voice,“It’s those annoying plastic bags. We tried to clean up but it was just impossible.”Understanding the pair’s disappointment, their father patted them on the back and comforted,”Well, it’s really hard for just two of you to fix such a big problem.”“Just two of us.”complained Maria and Peter, looking at each other.Suddenly, an idea lashed through their minds, their eyes shining with excitement.“Yes,that’s the point! We should make more people aware of the problem and encourage them to take action!” the pair said in chorus. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Quickly finishing their dinner, the pair went upstairs and started planning. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Excited and nervous, they posted the video and article on WeChat. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$