衔接点12 定语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）- 2025年初升高英语无忧衔接（通用版）

衔接点12 定语从句（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段主要理解定语从句中概念；简单掌握关系代词和关系副词的作用。 高中学习包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，及由as引导的定语从句等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中定语从句考点聚焦】 考点1.关系代词用法辨析 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 2．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．/ B．those C．which D．that 3．The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．who B．which C．whom D．where 4．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 5．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 考点2.关系副词用法辨析 1．I still miss the day ________ I met Lucy for the first time. A．who B．which C．where D．when 2．This is the factory ________ my father once worked. A．when B．where C．which D．that 3．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 4．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 5．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【高中定语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 考点清单 考点一、关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 who代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的 whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。例如： The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company. 你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用。 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 ▲小试牛刀 1．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 2．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 3．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 4．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 5．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 考点二、关系副词词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 补充：可以用关系代词表述： The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. 点睛：.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 ▲小试牛刀 1．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 3．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. (用适当的词填空) 4．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 5．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. (用适当的词填空) 考点三、介词+关系代词的用法 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whom） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which） I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reason多与介词for连用） Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay for是固定搭配） ▲小试牛刀 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. Do you remember the day we first met? 2. Do you remember the month we first met? 3. This is the skirt she paid $100. 4. This is the skirt she spent $100. 5. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot. 6. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 7．The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. 8．The teacher with you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 考点四、非限制性定语从句的用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，这时关系代词用 which。 例：The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected． 实验的结果非常好，这一点出乎我们的意料。 Tom was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union．which made his family very proud． 汤姆被选为学生会主席，这件事让全家都感到骄傲。 如果非限制性定语从句放在主句之前，关系代词只能用as，不能用which。 例：As we all know，Taiwan has been part of China since ancient times． 众所周知，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。 As had been expected，he put forward his idea at the meeting．  as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。  as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 3．用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which来修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 ▲小试牛刀 1．I had my car parked in a car park, I could get my car battery charged. (用适当的词填空) 2．I won the first prize in the English speaking contest, surprised my classmates. (用适当的词填空) 3．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. (用适当的词填空) 4．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 5． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 6．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 7．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 8．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 10．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 1.Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 2.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 3.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 4.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _______gives off light in the dark. 5.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 6.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. 7．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 8．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 9．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. 10．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 11．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. 12．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 13．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. 14．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. 15．Children, is always the case, love their mother. 16．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. 17．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. 18．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. 19．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. 20．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 一、完成句子 1．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 2． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. 3．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 4．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 5．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, 二、阅读理解. Evening Workshops Optional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. Meals and other costs and not included but are also optional. Locations will be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years. Workshops 1: Student Network Date Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th Chairs Hugo de Boer and Arika Virapongse Sponsor Society for Economic Botany Description Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become acquainted with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors. Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students. Workshop 2: Botanical Film Making Date Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th Chairs David Strauch Sponsor University of Hawaii Description Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants. This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover technical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), compositional aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material, Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment. Workshop 3: Collections for Botany—Collections Development and Management Date Friday evening, Feb. 7th Chair Jan Salick Sponsor Society for Economic Botany Description SEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discuss successes, problems, and funding sources for addressing management issues. 1．One of the purpose of a networking mixer held each year is to ________. A．provide students with greater control over the media B．link cultural information to recognizable plants C．help the students to deal with most of the environment issues D．help the students to be familiar with educational programs 2．Which of the following is true according to the poster? A．Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included. B．Participants have more than one option on Feb. 5th than another night. C．Workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings. D．Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience. 3．Which of the following is NOT involved in Evening Workshops? A．To invite faculty advisers to discuss the management issues. B．To encourage student members of the SEB to meet one another. C．To expect experienced filmmakers to attend Botanical Film Making. D．To increase the quality of material recorded. 3 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 衔接点12 定语从句（初高衔接点及差异） 初中阶段 高中阶段 初中阶段主要理解定语从句中概念；简单掌握关系代词和关系副词的作用。 高中学习包括限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句两种。定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的作用，及由as引导的定语从句等。 衔接指引 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中定语从句考点聚焦】 考点1.关系代词用法辨析 1．A true friend is a person ________ reaches for your hand and touches your heart. A．who B．whom C．which D．whose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一个真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 考查定语从句。此处是定语从句，先行词是人，引导词在从句中作主语，故选A。 2．Lots of Chinese young people ___________ were born after 1995 use door-to-door cooking to save time. A．/ B．those C．which D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了节省时间，很多95后的中国年轻人都采用上门做饭的方式。 考查定语从句引导词。that引导定语从句时，先行词是人/物，在句中作主语或宾语；those那些，指示代词；which引导定语从句时，先行词是物，在句中作主语或宾语。空后“...were born after 1995”在句中作定语修饰名词，先行词Chinese young people，指人，且空处在句中作主语，所以用who引导，故选D。 3．The Aerospace Square ________ was completed last year has become a new tourist attraction. A．who B．which C．whom D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年竣工的航天广场已成为一个新的旅游景点。 考查定语从句。分析句子可知，“...was completed last year”是作定语修饰The Aerospace Square，所以是定语从句，先行词是物，空处在句中作主语，所以用关系词which引导。故选B。 4．The boy with ________ John is talking is my elder brother. A．whom B．who C．that D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：和约翰说话的那个男孩是我哥哥。 考查定语从句。句子是定语从句，先行词是The boy，关系词在从句中作介词with的宾语，用此处用whom引导定语从句。故选A。 5．—I want a partner to practice roller skating. —My friend is a person ______ skill is very great. A．which B．who C．whom D．whose 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想找一个搭档练习轮滑。——我的朋友是一个技术非常高超的人。 考查定语从句。which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指物；who在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词指人；whom在从句中作宾语，先行词指人；whose在从句中作定语，先行词指物或人。分析句子结构可知，先行词为指人的“a person”，根据“My friend is a person…skill is very great.”的语境可知，此处应用whose，修饰skill，作定语。故选D。 考点2.关系副词用法辨析 1．I still miss the day ________ I met Lucy for the first time. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我仍然怀念第一次见到露西的那一天。 考查定语从句。根据“I still miss the day…I met Lucy for the first time.”可知，本句为定语从句，先行词是day，表示时间，关系词用when引导定语从句，表示“在那一天”。故选D。 2．This is the factory ________ my father once worked. A．when B．where C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我父亲曾经工作过的工厂。 考查定语从句关系词。when在何时，在定语从句中作时间状语；where在哪里，在定语从句中作地点状语；which哪一个，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；that那，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语，指代人或物。此句中先行词是“factory”，表示地点，关系词在从句“my father once worked”中作地点状语，即“在工厂里工作”，应用关系副词where。故选B。 3．The reason ________ he didn’t come to the party is that he was ill. A．when B．where C．why D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他没有来参加派对的原因是他生病了。 考查why引导的定语从句。when在那时，先行词指时间；where在那里，先行词指地点；why……的原因，先行词是reason；which……的那一个，先行词指物。先行词是“the reason”，在从句“he didn't come to the party”中作原因状语，所以用关系副词why引导定语从句。故选C。 4．I wonder the reason ________ you were late for school yesterday. A．why B．where C．when D．who 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道你昨天上学迟到的原因。 考查定语从句的关系词。why为什么；where在哪里；when当…时；who谁。根据句意和句子结构可知，此空应填关系副词why，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，并在从句中作状语，表示原因。故选A。 5．—What do you know about the Mid-Autumn Festival? —It’s a festival _______ people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon. A．which B．when C．where D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你对中秋节了解多少？——这是一个人们通常吃月饼和赏月的节日。 考查定语从句。根据“It’s a festival…people usually eat mooncakes and admire the moon.”可知，句子是定语从句，先行词是festival，表示时间概念，从句中缺时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导定语从句。故选B。 【高中定语从句考点聚焦】 课标解读 ▇ 定义及相关术语 1． 什么叫定语从句？先行词、关系词？ 1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子。 2.特点：定语从句相当于形容词的作用，对前面的名词或代词进行修饰和限定。 3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，称为先行词。可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 4.关系词：引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词分为两类，即关系代词和关系副词。 5.关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 6.关系副词有：when, where, why等 例1：This is the present which/that he gave me for my birthday. 例2：Do you know the man at the corner that/who came to the party last night? 例3：I still remember the night when I first came to the village? 例4：This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. ▇ 提示： 关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1.连接作用---连接先行词和定语从句。 2.替代作用---在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3.成分作用---在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 指人 指物 that which whose who whom 二. 关系代词的功用？ ▇ 关系代词做主语，宾语，定语；关系副词作状语。 1. 作主语： The person who/that broke the window must pay for it. The cars which/that are produced in Hubei Province sell very well. 2. 作宾语： She is the person whom/that I met at the school gate yesterday. The book which/that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”. 3. 作定语 关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如： The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard. The house whose windows are broken is empty. 4. 作状语 I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. He wanted to know the reason why I was late .　　 This is the house where I was born. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane. 考点清单 考点一、关系代词的用法 在定语从句中，关系代词起着连接主句与从句、指代先行词和在从句中作句子成分的三重作用。关系代词的选用取决于主句中的先行词以及关系代词在从句中作何种成分。 先行词 在从句中作主语 在从句中作宾语 在从句中作定语 指代人 who/that whom/who/that whose 指代物 which/that which/that whose/of which 1.关系代词who和whom的用法 who代替人（即它的先行词必须是人），在从句中可以担任主语，往往也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的 whom。但它的前面不能有介词，如果带介词则必须用宾格whom，即“介词+whom”。例如： The girl who won the first prize is from Zhejiang.获得一等奖的女孩来自浙江。 The person who/whom you just talked to is Mr.Depp.刚刚和你谈话的人是德普先生。 2.关系代词whose的用法 关系代词whose是关系代词who的所有格形式，它既可以指代人，也可以指代物。当whose指代物时，相当于of which。 Do you know Peter whose father happens to be working in your company? =Do you know Peter?His father happens to be working in your company. 你认识彼得吗？他的父亲恰巧正在你们公司工作。 The tourist wanted to book a room whose window faces south. =The tourist wanted to book a room.The room’s window faces south.这位游客想要预订一间窗户朝南的房间。 3.关系代词that和which的用法 两者都可用于指代物，但使用场合存在差别。在限定性定语从句中指代物时，which和that一般可以通用。 The new house that/which I have just bought is about six miles away.我新买的房子在大约6英里以外。 They planted some trees that/which didn’t need much water.他们种了一些不需要太多水的树。 ▲小试牛刀 1．Mr. Stone is a great educator never stops inspiring his students and his fellow workers to be better individuals. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：斯通先生是一位伟大的教育家，他从不停止激励他的学生和同事成为更好的人。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a great educator，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应 用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 2．The building we are looking at used to be a hospital. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们正在看的这幢楼曾经是一家医院。分析句子，设空处引导定语从句，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，修饰先行词the building，为物。故填that/which。 3．Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 4．The nurse we talked about can speak English fluently. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who/whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们谈论的那个护士英语说得很流利。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的连接词，且在从句中作宾语，先行词为人，所以可以用that，who或者whom。故答案为that或者who或者whom。 5．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：幸福和成功往往属于那些善于认识自身优势的人。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，“those”是先行词，指代“那些人”，关系词在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以使用关系代词who引导该从句。故填who。 考点二、关系副词词的用法 关系副词和关系代词一样，具有各种作用：在定语从句中代替先行词、在从句中作状语、把两个句子连接成为一个带有定语从句的主从复合句等。由于关系副词在从句中均作状语，所以具体选用什么关系副词，主要取决于关系副词在从句中充当什么类型的状语。 先行词 关系副词 关系副词在从句中充当的句子成分 指地点 where 地点状语 指时间 when 时间状语 指原因 why 原因状语 1.关系副词where的用法 由where引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示地点的名词，如building，city，room等，where在从句中作地点状语。 The hotel where we stayed was very clean.我们呆过的那家旅馆很干净。 This is the house where I was born.这就是我出生的那所房子。 补充：可以用关系代词表述 The hotel (that/which) we stayed at was very clean. =The hotel at which we stayed was very clean. 2.关系副词when的用法 由when引导的定语从句，其先行词主要是表示时间的名词，如time，day，date等，when在从句中作时间状语。 I’ll never forget the time when we first met.我永远不会忘记我们第一次相遇时的情景。 补充：可以用关系代词表述：I’ll never forget the time during which we first met. 3.关系副词why的用法 由why引导的定语从句，经常会用在先行词reason的后面，why在从句中作原因状语。 The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.我获得一份工作的原因是我工作努力。 补充：可以用关系代词表述： The reason (that/for) which I got a job was that I worked hard. 点睛：.关系代词和关系副词的选用 对于同一个先行词，要想确定是用关系代词还是用关系副词，关键是要弄清楚关系词在定语从句中担任什么成分。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，就是关系代词；如果关系词作状语，就是关系副词。 ①This is the college (that/which) I visited.这就是我参观过的学院。 ②This is the college where I studied three years ago.这就是我3年前在那儿学习过的学院。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the college，但关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词visited的宾语。②用关系副词where，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于there或in the college。 ①I’ll never forget the day (that/which) we spent together.我永远忘不了我们一起度过的那一天。 ②I’ll never forget the day when I got married.我永远忘不了我结婚的那一天。 说明：两句中的先行词都是the day，但是它们的关系词不一样。①用关系代词that/which，因为它在从句中作及物动词spent的宾语。②用关系副词when，因为它在从句中作状语，相当于介词短语on the way。 ▲小试牛刀 1．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 2．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to have a formal dinner with my kids. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间和孩子们一起吃正式的晚餐。空处引导定语从句，先行词occasions，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 3．They have developed their friendship to a stage they share happiness and sufferings. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的友谊已经到达了可以分享痛苦和幸福的阶段。此处引导定语从句，先行词为stage，在定语从句中作地点状语，故应用where引导，故填where。 4．The summer__________ / ________ I graduated from university was long and hot.(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我大学毕业的那个夏天又长又热。分析句子结构可知,此处应用when引导定语从句,关系词指代先行词The summer,在定语从句中作时间状语。此处也可用“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,由in the summer可知，应用介词in。in which相当于when。故填when/in which。 5．The tower___________ / people can have a good view is on the hill. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where/ from which 【详解】考查关系副词或“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。句意: 人们可以欣赏美景的塔在山上。 分析句子结构可知，“________ people can have a good view”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the tower，该先行词在从句中作地点状语，故填where，或“介词from(从……)+关系代词 which”。因此答案为where/from which。 考点三、介词+关系代词的用法 1.先行词指人关系代词用whom，指物关系代词用which； 2.介词选择的原则：一看先行词特殊搭配，如to a degree；二看从句谓语动词搭配，如learn from；三看整个语境逻辑。特殊结构如in which case, with whose help等。 This is the pilot by whom my son was saved. 这就是救了我儿子的那位飞行员。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指人用whom） This is the camera with which he often takes photos. 这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。（介词+关系代词中，先行词指物用which） I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school. 我不知道他为何上学迟到。（定语从句先行词reason多与介词for连用） Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这是你花大价钱买的车吗？（定语从句谓语动词pay for是固定搭配） ▲小试牛刀 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。 1. Do you remember the day we first met? 2. Do you remember the month we first met? 3. This is the skirt she paid $100. 4. This is the skirt she spent $100. 5. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot. 6. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress. 7．The man with I shook hands just now is my daughter’s English teacher. 8．The teacher with you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 【答案与解析】 1. on which。“在某一天”介词用on。故答案是on which。 2. in which。“在某一月”介词用in。故答案是in which。 3. for which。pay…for…是固定词组。故答案是for which。 4. on which。spend money/time on…是固定词组。故答案是on which。 5. from whom。从句谓语含有learn from短语。故答案是from whom。 6. without whose。with one’s help表示“在某人帮助下”，结合语境应用否定形式。故答案是without whose。 7. whom。句意：刚才和我握手的那个人是我女儿的英语老师。此处是“with+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词在从句中作宾语，使用关系代词whom，故填whom。 8.whom。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 考点四、非限制性定语从句的用法 非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉后也不会影响对全句的理解，它与先行词之间往往用逗号隔开。 1. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句区别 ▲形式不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 例：Many schools provide courses which assist new students to develop their study skills． 许多学校提供帮助新生培养学习技能的课程。(限制性定语从句) She heard a lovely song，which reminded her of her hometown． 她听到一首动听的歌曲，让她想起了家乡。(非限制性定语从句) ▲功能不同 限制性定语从句与其先行词关系十分密切，它限制了先行词的意义。如果去掉该从句，剩余部分的意思往往不完整，甚至失去意义；而非限制性定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如果去掉，句子剩余部分的意思仍然完整。 例：I was the only person in our office that was invited． 我是办公室里唯一受到邀请的人。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思就不完整) Tom’s father，who is over seventy，is still energetic． 汤姆的父亲已年逾七旬，却仍然精神矍铄。(去掉从句后，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整) ▲关系词不同 that不能用来引导非限制性定语从句。请比较： 例：He failed to attend the meeting，that made us very disappointed．(×) He failed to attend the meeting，which made us very disappointed．(√) 他没有出席这次会议，这让我们很失望。 He failed to attend the meeting that／which was held last Sunday． 他没有出席上周日举行的会议。 我们用表格可以更加直观地进行比较： 类别 对先行词的作用 位置 翻译方法 引导词 限制性定语从句 对先行词进行修饰限定 紧跟在先行词后，无逗号 翻译在先行词前 作宾语时可以省略，可用who代替whom 非限制性定语从句 对先行词或主句进行补充说明 和主句之间用逗号隔开 翻译成主句的并列句 不能省略，不可以用that，不可以用who代替whom 2.as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 非限制性定语从句不仅可以修饰名词或代词，也可以修饰整个句子，这时关系代词用 which。 例：The result of the experiment was very good，which we hadn’t expected． 实验的结果非常好，这一点出乎我们的意料。 Tom was elected Chairman of the Students’ Union．which made his family very proud． 汤姆被选为学生会主席，这件事让全家都感到骄傲。 如果非限制性定语从句放在主句之前，关系代词只能用as，不能用which。 例：As we all know，Taiwan has been part of China since ancient times． 众所周知，台湾自古以来就是中国的一部分。 As had been expected，he put forward his idea at the meeting．  as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事，一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.她听到可怕地声音，这让她把心都提到嗓子眼了。 As is planned, we got there before eight. 正如计划，我们八点前到达了那儿。  as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 Li Ming is late, as is often the case. 李明迟到了，这事是经常发生的。(不可用which) 3．用“介词+关系代词” 或“one of whom、some of which”等引导的非限制性定语从句 可以用数词或不定代词(如all／both／each／some／most／none等)+of whom或of which来修饰或限定先行词。 例：We interviewed 1 5 applicants for the post，none of whom we thought qualified． 我们面试了15名求职者，但没有一人合格。 Seven passengers were injured in the car accident，two of whom were foreigners． 在车祸中有七人受伤，其中两名是外国人。 The engine consists of hundreds of parts，each of which has its importance． 这个引擎由数百个零件组成，每个零件都有其重要的作用。 ▲小试牛刀 1．I had my car parked in a car park, I could get my car battery charged. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我把车停在停车场，在那里我可以给汽车电池充电。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词park，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 2．I won the first prize in the English speaking contest, surprised my classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在英语演讲比赛中我获得了第一名，这让同学们很惊讶。　　 surprised my classmates是非限制性定语从句，修饰前边的整个句子，从句中缺少主语，关系词代替整个主句的内容，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 3．I’ll be talking to Dr Richard, new book The New Age of Invention has just been published. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将与理查德博士交谈，他的新书《新发明时代》刚刚出版。先行词为 Dr Richard，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 4．Children, is always the case, love their mother. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 5． is reported, Apple company will be launching a new tablet this time next month. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报道，苹果公司将在下个月的这个时候推出一款新的平板电脑。根据is reported及后面句子内容可知，空处表示“正如”，引导非限制性定语从句，用as引导，放在句首，首字母大写。As is reported,为固定句型，意思为：据报道。故填As。 6．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 7．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 8．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她决定不和我一起去野餐，这让我很失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．The old man has two daughters, both of work as doctors. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位老人有两个女儿，都是医生。分析可知，逗号后的全部内容在句中为非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词two daughters，作介词of的宾语，所以要用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 10．Opposite the post office is a video shop, you can buy any kind of music CD you like. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：邮局对面是一家音像店，在那里你可以买任何你喜欢的音乐CD。该空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a video shop，并且在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 1.Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 2.BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool gives an indication of whether someone is a healthy weight. 【答案】that/which 【解析】句意：BMI是一种国际公认的测量工具，它可以显示一个人的体重是否健康。文体句子结构可知，设空处引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词tool，且在从句中做主语，故填that/which。 3.They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who 【解析】句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters（主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。 4.On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _______gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which 【解析】这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth，指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用that或which引导。故填that/which。 5.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 【答案】which 【解析】句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知，___is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话，在定语从句中作主语。所以用关系代词which。故填which。 6.The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 9 we watched some people play volleyball. 【答案】where 【解析】Beach是一个描述地点的单词，后面作为一个修饰beach的成分故要用where作为连接词。故填where。 7．TikTok, known as Douyin in China, is a social media platform short videos can be edited and uploaded easily. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：TikTok，在中国被称为抖音，是一个可以轻松编辑和上传短视频的社交媒体平台。______ short videos can be edited and uploaded easily.是一个定语从句，修饰先行词a social media platform，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。故填where。 8．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 【答案】with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 9．She studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field she gained a deep knowledge. 【答案】from whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她学了两年半的中医，对中医有很深的了解。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是experts，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作from的宾语，应用“介词from+whom”引导。故填whom。 10．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得有一次你遇到困难时，我伸出了援助之手吗？定语从句修饰先行词occasion，在从句作时间状语，故用when引导。故填when。 11．The teacher didn’t know the reason she was late for school. 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师不知道她上学迟到的原因。分析句子可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为 the reason，在从句中作原因状语，所以此空应用关系副词why。故填why。 12．Do you remember a certain occasion you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得有一次你遇到困难时，我伸出了援助之手吗？定语从句修饰先行词occasion，在从句作时间状语，故用when引导。故填when。 13．Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 14．The class became a circus as the boys, had never come across anything like this before, started jumping out of the window. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当那些以前从未遇到过这种情况的男孩们开始跳出窗户时，教室变成了一个马戏团。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是boys，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导，故填who。 15．Children, is always the case, love their mother. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：孩子们一向这样爱他们的妈妈。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，在定语从句中作主语，关系词表示“正如”，需用关系代词as引导。故填as。 16．Weifang kites, themes are extremely rich, are popular with people at home and abroad. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：潍坊风筝的主题极其丰富，深受国内外人民的欢迎。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Weifang kites，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填 whose。 17．She decided not to take a picnic with me, made me really disappointed. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她决定不和我一起去野餐，这让我很失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的主句，指物，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 18．My best friend Julia will come to see me next July, she won’t be so busy. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我最好的朋友朱莉娅明年七月会来看我，那时她不会那么忙。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next July，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导定语从句，故填when。 19．We finally got to the village, we saw a number of newly-built houses. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们终于到了那个村子，在那里我们看到了许多新建的房子。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 20．The teacher you talked yesterday is our maths teacher. 【答案】with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：昨天和你谈话的那位老师是我们的数学老师。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为teacher，指代人，关系词替代先行词作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 一、完成句子 1．我绝不会忘记与她第一次相见的那一天。 I’ll never forget the day I first met her. 【答案】on which 【详解】考查定语从句。表示在某一天应用介词on，在定语从句中缺少宾语，且先行词为day，所以应用关系代词which。故填on which。 2． (正如你想的那样), there will be a variety of challenges in the future life. 【答案】As you can imagine 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如你想的那样，在未来的生活中会有各种各样的挑战。根据汉语提示“正如你想的那样”并分析句子结构可知，这里应用关系代词as引导非限定性定语从句，意为“正如”，指代后面整个主句；“想”可表示为imagine。故填As you can imagine。 3．我站在塔顶，从那儿我看到了这个城市的全景。 I stood at the top of the tower, . 【答案】from where I had a good view of the whole city 【详解】考查定语从句。此处为介词+关系副词构成的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the top of the tower，表示“从……”应用介词from，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导定语从句；表示“我”应用代词I,在从句中作主语；表示“看到了”应用动词have，结合句意应用一般过去时，在从句中作谓语；表示“这个城市的全景”应用名词短语a good view of the whole city，在从句中作宾语。故填：from where I had a good view of the whole city。 4．更糟糕的是，他的父亲在这段时间失去了工作并深陷悲痛之中。 Worse still, his father, , lost his job at the same time. 【答案】who was in deep sorrow 【详解】考查固定短语、定语从句、时态、主谓一致、形容词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“他的父亲深陷悲痛之中”。本空为非限制性定语从句，先行词是his father，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。根据lost可知事情发生在过去，故从句时态用一般过去时，表示“悲伤”用be in sorrow，主语who指代his father，be动词用was。表示“深深的”用形容词deep，作定语，修饰名词sorrow。故填who was in deep sorrow。 5．在我们学校，大约有200名教师，其中30%是男性。 In our school, there are about 200 teachers, 【答案】thirty percent of whom are men 【详解】考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers，指人，“其中30%”使用短语thirty percent of，关系词在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom，“男性”使用名词复数men，主语thirty percent of whom表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式，且句子是描述一个事实，用一般现在时，故填thirty percent of whom are men。 二、阅读理解. Evening Workshops Optional evening workshops will be held at small restaurants or other meeting places near the conference hotel. Meals and other costs and not included but are also optional. Locations will be announced at the conference site. Workshops are very loosely organized and most represent discussions that have been held at Society for Economic Botany (SEB) meetings over a series of years. Workshops 1: Student Network Date Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th Chairs Hugo de Boer and Arika Virapongse Sponsor Society for Economic Botany Description Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become acquainted with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors. Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students. Workshop 2: Botanical Film Making Date Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th Chairs David Strauch Sponsor University of Hawaii Description Digital film making is a particularly useful tool of linking cultural information to recognizable plants. This workshop is aimed towards increasing the quality of material recorded by giving participants greater control over the medium. We will cover technical aspects (e.g. camera settings, audio), compositional aspects (framing, lighting, focus), and some ways of presenting the material, Experienced filmmakers are encouraged to attend, and participants are welcome to bring their own camera equipment. Workshop 3: Collections for Botany—Collections Development and Management Date Friday evening, Feb. 7th Chair Jan Salick Sponsor Society for Economic Botany Description SEB is a network of researchers who have been developing standards for the development of collections of artifacts, plant samples and related materials. Participants discuss successes, problems, and funding sources for addressing management issues. 1．One of the purpose of a networking mixer held each year is to ________. A．provide students with greater control over the media B．link cultural information to recognizable plants C．help the students to deal with most of the environment issues D．help the students to be familiar with educational programs 2．Which of the following is true according to the poster? A．Evening workshops will be held at small restaurants with meals included. B．Participants have more than one option on Feb. 5th than another night. C．Workshops have nothing to do with the discussions held at SEB meetings. D．Faculty advisers can join the mixer without training experience. 3．Which of the following is NOT involved in Evening Workshops? A．To invite faculty advisers to discuss the management issues. B．To encourage student members of the SEB to meet one another. C．To expect experienced filmmakers to attend Botanical Film Making. D．To increase the quality of material recorded. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三种不同类型的夜间研讨会，并详细介绍了它们的时间，赞助商和研讨内容。 1．细节理解题。根据文章Workshop 1: Student Network部分“Student members of the SEB hold a networking mixer each year in order to meet each other and to become acquainted with a variety of educational programs and faculty advisors.（SEB的学生成员每年举办网络聚会是为了学生成员能够见到对方，并熟悉各种教育项目和大学老师。）”可知，每年举办网络聚会的目的是学生成员能够见到彼此，熟悉各种教育项目和大学指导老师。由此可推断出help the students to be familiar with educational programs（帮助学生熟悉教育项目）是每年举办网络聚会的目的之一。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章内容可知Workshop 1: Student Network的举办时间是Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th（2月5日，星期三晚上）；Workshop 2: Botanical Film Making的举办时间是Wednesday evening, Feb. 5th（2月5日，星期三晚上）；Workshop 3: Collections for Botany的举办时间是Friday evening, Feb. 7th（2月7日，星期五晚上）。由此可推断出2月5日有两场研讨会，2月7日有一场，故参与者在2月5日比2月7日多了一个选择。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据文章Workshop 1: Student Network部分“Faculty members who are part of training programs are encouraged to join the mixer to meet and talk with students.（鼓励参加培训项目的全体教职工参加网络聚会，与学生见面，和学生讨论。）”可知，邀请全体教职工参加聚会，与学生见面讨论，而并非邀请他们讨论管理问题。故选A项。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$