专题16 语法知识之主谓一致-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题16 语法知识之主谓一致 主谓一致 规则 情 况 举 例 语 法 一 致 原 则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. 由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。. Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生） 由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. 逻 辑 意 义 一 致 原 则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing. 表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。 I don’t think physics is easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. “定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 就 近 /远 一 致 原 则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it. 一、单项选择 1．Neither Mary nor her parents _______ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot. A．has informed B．have informed C．has been informed D．have been informed 2．Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions. A．is; how B．are; how C．is; what D．are; what 3．It’s Sunday today. You may _____ watch TV ______ play football now. A．both, and B．neither, nor C．either, or D．not only, but also 4．Not only Tom but also his parents _____ fond of watching football matches. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．There _______ many elephants in Africa. A．is B．has C．are D．have 6．Either you or I ________ right. A．are B．is C．am D．be 7．Recently, not only the students but also the professor ________in the study of the latest scientific theory. A．has absorbed B．have absorbed C．has been absorbed D．have been absorbed 8．I’m very busy now. Either you or he _________ going to have a meeting instead of me. A．was B．is C．are D．were 9．The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood. ________ no wonder that in Sweden ________ a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. A．It is, there is B．It is, it is C．There is, there is D．There is, it is 10．Not only the students but also the teacher ________ against the plan at the meeting yesterday. A．are B．were C．was D．have been 11．—It is reported that several traffic accidents occurred in the highway on October 7,2013. —In my view, it was not the passengers but the drivers who________for them. A．were blamed B．were to blame C．were to be blamed D．was to blame 12．Neither the students nor the teacher _________ anything about it. A．are knowing B．have known C．knows D．were knowing 13．Look! There________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 14．There________many people who have known about it. A．seems to be B．seems to have C．seem to be D．seem to have 15．Either you or he __________ to blame for the accident. A．are B．is C．were D．being 16．Not only I but also Mike ________ interested in the movie. A．are B．am C．is D．be 17．Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary _______ as managers of the local stores since they won the national sales competition at the end of October. A．was appointed B．were appointed C．has been appointed D．have been appointed 18．A large number of ancient cultural relics ________ from the sunken ship since it was discovered last month. A．were salvaged (打捞) B．have been salvaged C．has been salvaged D．had been salvaged 19．Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province. A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent 20．The number of people who ________ access to high-speed Internet in this area ________ increasing rapidly. A．has; is B．have; is C．has; are D．have; are 21．Whether the school trip will be canceled on how many students sign up by Friday. A．depend B．depending C．depends D．depended 22．The number of students in our school ____ about 3000 and a number of them ____ from the countryside. A．is, is B．is, are C．are, is D．are, are E．/ 23．The teacher and writer _____ coming to _______ house. A．are, Kate and Mary’s B．were, Kate’s and Mary C．is, Kate’s and Mary’s D．is, Kate and Mary’s 24．With more forests being destroyed in that area, huge quantities of land deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．are being turned into C．is being turned into D．were being turned into 25．The number of people attending the conference ________ significantly over the past few years. A．is increasing B．have increased C．has increased D．are increasing 26．Nowadays, huge quantities of information, whether true or false, ______ on the Internet as a result of the advanced technology. A．is found B．are found C．has found D．have found 27．A new library and a gymnasium in our school _________ up so far and they will be put into use very soon. A．are set B．being set C．has been set D．have been set 28．Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 29．In China, a number of birthday persons________cakes with candles. The number of candles________the person’s age. A．has；is B．eats；are C．eat；is 30．—A number of students ______ on the bus. —Let me count. The number of them ______ 60. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is D．is; is 31．Every means ________ prevent the water from ________. A．are used to; polluting B．is used to; being polluted C．is used to; polluted D．get used to; polluting 32．______ in these conditions ______ not a pleasure but a suffer. A．To work; are B．Working; is C．Work; are D．Working; are 33．Everyone except Tom and Jim ________ going to visit some friends in Shenzhen. A．is B．are C．am 34．Up to now, more than one generation of children ________ been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have B．had C．will have D．has 35．Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 36．Franklin, as well as many other scientists, us to make scientific discoveries by conducting experiments. A．have inspired B．has inspired C．are inspiring D．had inspired 37．— ______of the world’s quality paper ______from this region. —Wow, that’s great! A．Ninety percent; comes B．Ninety percents; comes C．Ninety percents; come D．Ninety percent; come 38．The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 39．While the idea behind this experiment _________ in our group, it was suggested to us by our teacher that we try something similar. A．discussed B．was being discussed C．had discussed D．had been discussed 40．Opposite the buildings ________ St. Paul’s Church, where you can enjoy some lovely music. A．stand B．stands C．will stand D．stood 41．While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition ______. A．remains unchanged B．remain unchanged C．remains unchanging D．remain unchanging 42．At present, a large number of wild animals ________ at the nature reserve in Sichuan Province. A．is protecting B．is being protected C．are protecting D．are being protected 43．—You look tired! —My husband ______ football matches all night. That’s too noisy. A．watches B．watched C．has watched D．was watching 44．Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 45．The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards ________ together for miles around ________ a network of people working, playing and living together-a real community. A．was joined… creating B．were joined… to create C．joined… to create D．joining… created 46．In a world ________ by cooperation rather than isolation, the pattern of sharing tasks and decisions ________ for equality. A．characterized… makes B．characterized… are made C．characterizing… are made D．characterized… is made 47．—Where’s your father? —He ______ Beijing. He won’t be back until next week. A．went B．has been to C．has gone to D．is going to 48．They have been discussing the issue for a whole morning, but no suitable solution ________ so far. A．was found B．have been found C．has been found D．found 49．The English teacher as well as the students ________ a song when I passed the classroom. A．sing B．singing C．were singing D．was singing 50．A great deal of modern technology ______ in since China ______ its reform and opening-up policy (政策). A．have been brought; carried on B．were brought; has carried out C．has been brought; carried out D．was brought; has carried on 二、阅读理解 1 Elephants, the largest land mammals on the planet, are magnificent creatures and tourists rush to African countries to see them. Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, elephant numbers went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also grown and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas, which has led to conflicts (冲突) between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths. Now a new solution using honeybees has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This seemingly unlikely solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The sound of Africa honeybees prevents elephants. Now yellow-painted beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local areas. The project is supporting 40 farmers whose crops are protected by 15 hives. Each of the hives is strung on a wire a few meters off the ground. This protects them from insects and allows them to shake if they are disturbed by an elephant. which starts the bees making sounds. This frightens the elephant away. A nine-year study tracked 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park During the high growing seasons — November to January from 2014 to 2020 — 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75%, elephants were still prevented 76% of the time. Save the Elephants is now promoting beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides preventing elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to increase their income. While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts. 51．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The elephants are the biggest creatures on the planet. B．The protection efforts of elephants in Kenya are useless. C．The elephant population growth in Kenya mixes happiness with sadness. D．The increasing migration areas in Kenya have caused many elephants’ deaths. 52．What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The bees making sounds. B．The insects making sounds. C．The beehives shaking. D．The yellow-painted fence. 53．Why does the author mention the nine-year study in paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of protecting elephants. B．To show the popularity of beehive fences. C．To prove the effectiveness of the new solution. D．To show the effect of climate change on the number of bees.. 54．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution? A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 2 When the 14-year-old Sirish Subash, from Snellville, Georgia, was washing vegetables with his mother in his home kitchen, he thought of the residues (残留物) of pesticides (杀虫剂) on them. To avoid the effects of chemicals on his body, he invented an AI-based device that can detect the presence of pesticides on foods. This innovation won him the “3M Young Scientist Challenge”. Most of the time, when crops are harvested and delivered to grocery stores, the residues of pesticides are attached to these food items, creating a risk of diseases. Although Subash was told by his mother to wash vegetables before cooking and eating them, he wondered if it was enough to clean away the pesticides from the food. This was the question that made him invent a groundbreaking handheld device, PestiSCAND． The device is based on a method called “spectrophotometry (分光光度法)”. “Now what this means is that it measures how different wavelengths of light reflect off the surfaces of the items,” Subash told. Users of the device just need to download an app, point the scanner (扫描仪) at the fruit or vegetables, and see the results. While testing the produce, the device accurately reported pesticide levels of around 85% in tomatoes. “The main goal of PestiSCAND is to help people ensure that they aren’t consuming used pesticides so they can avoid any associated health risks,” Subash said. The ninth-grader developed the PestiSCAND with support from his teacher, Aditya Banerji, a senior research engineer. For his great contribution, Subash ended up winning the grand prize of $25,000 cash and the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist”. The prize money, he said, will fund his college education. “Subash shows an incredible ability to develop creative solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges,” says Torie Clarke, chief public affairs officer at 3M. Subash said that although the product is not out in the market, he will continue to build improved versions. “I want to continue developing projects like ‘PestiSCAND’ and eventually get them out to the world, to the market. That’s one of my goals, to get it out to everyone,” Subash added. 55．What can be concluded about pesticide residues from paragraph 2? A．Their harms are extremely serious. B．They’ re common on vegetables. C．They can’t be washed away at all. D．They are broken down by cooking. 56．Why did Subash invent the PestiSCAND? A．To strongly advocate for organic farming. B．To draw wide attention to the hot issue. C．To avoid health threat from pesticide residues. D．To increase the quantity of food consumption. 57．What might Subash do in the future? A．Major in engineering in his college. B．Provide PestiSCAND for the public for free. C．Find more ways to test pesticide residues. D．Invent more for real-world challenges. 58．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Talented Young Man Wins the 3M Grand Prize B．A Way to Remove Pesticide Residues Is Found C．Pesticide Residues Can’t Be Overlooked in Kitchens D．A Boy Creates a Device to Detect Pesticide Residues 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who 59 (study) the effects of the Big 5 personality (个性) features on online 60 (addict) now, said a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系) can help people — and particularly parents — keep away 61 the dangers. “We need to teach people to have 62 (much) self-control,” Roberts said. “Our brains are being prepared for fast and exciting activities online, 63 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder. We talk about our personality 64 (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also affects our personality. … We’ve seen a generation or two 65 (be) crazy about the Internet so that they’re used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow interactions (相互影响).” David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware and 66 (avoid) addiction. 67 (note) that there are apps that can count people’s daily smart phone use, he said, “Most people don’t realize they unlock their phone 200 times 68 day.” 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】考查时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：玛丽和她的父母都没有被告知这个令人兴奋的消息，这让我们很惊讶。空处为句子的谓语动词，句子使用现在完成时态，表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，且主语和该动词之间为被动关系，所以句子用现在完成时态的被动语态。“neither...nor...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则”，即与靠近谓语动词的那个主语保持一致。在本句中，靠近谓语动词的主语是her parents。是复数形式。故选D。 2．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和连接词。句意：无论是教科书中的详细解释还是老师在课堂上的例子，都有助于理解名词性从句是什么功能。在“Either…or…”结构中，谓语动词遵循就近原则（与or后的the teacher’s examples一致），此处应为复数are。 understanding后接宾语从句，表示“方式”，用连接词how。故选B项。 3．C 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：今天是星期天。你现在要么看电视，要么踢足球。A. both, and两者都；B. neither, nor两者都不；C. either, or要么……要么；D. not only, but also不仅而且。此处表示两者中选择一个，用either…or…。故选C。 4．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅汤姆而且他的父母都喜欢看足球比赛。根据空前“Not only Tom but also his parents”可知，“not only...but also...”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，谓语动词的单复数形式要与靠近它的主语保持一致，即与his parents保持一致，谓语动词要用复数形式，句子描述的是一般的喜好情况，应用一般现在时，应用are。故选B。 5．C 【解析】考查固定句型以及主谓一致。句意：在非洲有许多大象。本题考查There be句型，意为“有……”。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态。主语为many elephants，所以be动词用are。故选C。 6．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是你对就是我对。这是一个“either...or...”结构的句子，在这种结构中，谓语动词的形式遵循就近原则，即谓语动词的形式要与离它最近的主语保持一致。这里离谓语动词最近的主语是“I”，所以谓语动词为am。故选C项。 7．C 【解析】考查现在完成时被动语态和主谓一致。句意：最近，不仅学生而且教授都在专心研究最新的科学理论。“sb. be absorbed in”，固定短语，意为“全神贯注于”，因此这里应是被动结构，同时结合“Recently”可知，这里用现在完成时被动结构“have/has been done”；且主语“not only the students but also the professor”为“not only A but also B”结构，在主谓一致方面采用就近原则，即与“the professor”第三人称单数保持一致，谓语动词也是单数形式，即“has been absorbed”。故选C项。 8．B 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我现在很忙。不是你就是他代替我去开会。根据上文的I’m very busy now可知，句子描述的是现在的情况，空格处用is/are going to do；either...or...连接两个主语时，句子的谓语动词应与最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致，此句中应该与he保持一致，用is。故选B项。 9．A 【解析】考查固定句型和there be句型。句意：书写的重要性正在得到更好的理解。难怪在瑞典，人们正在推动更多的书写和印刷书籍，减少电子设备。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“难怪……”，表达为it is no wonder that...，it为形式主语，that引导主语从句。空2：此处意为“有着……”，故应用there be句型，主语为a push，故应用there is引导。故选A。 10．C 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在昨天的会议上，不仅学生们而且老师都反对这个计划。本句为“not only…but also…”连接的并列主语，谓语动词遵循就近原则，与单数主语the teacher保持一致，用单数形式；结合时间状语yesterday可知，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态。故选C项。 11．B 【解析】考查固定短语和主谓一致。句意：——据报道，2013年10月7日这条高速公路上发生了几起交通事故。——在我看来，这不是乘客的责任，而是司机的责任。be to blame“应受谴责，应负责任”，固定短语，主语是由not...but连接的并列短语，谓语动词与就近的主语保持一致，本句中和drivers保持一致，使用were to blame，故选B。 12．C 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：学生和老师都不知道这件事。Neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词应该遵循“就近原则”，即和teacher保持一致，句子陈述事实，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选C项。 13．A 【解析】考查固定句型、时态、主谓一致。句意：看！这本书里有一些关于交通规则的信息。A. is是（用于一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数形式或不可数名词）；B. are是（用于一般现在时，主语为复数形式或you）；C. was是（用于一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数形式或不可数名词）。information“信息”为不可数名词。结合语境可知，句子描述的是现在的一般事实，句子时态应用一般现在时，且本句为there be句型，空格处为谓语，应遵循就近原则，与some information保持一致，用is。故选A。 14．C 【解析】考查固定句型和主谓一致。句意：似乎有很多人知道这件事。根据句型分析和句意可知，“There seems/seems to be+名词”是固定句型，表示“似乎有……”，该句为一般现在时，主语是many people，谓语动词seem需与主语保持一致，使用复数形式。故选C项。 15．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这次事故不是归咎于你，就是归咎于他。either…or…是固定搭配，表示“不是……就是……”，当该固定搭配连接并列主语时，谓语动词的形式要遵循“就近原则”。本句中谓语要和he保持一致，用单数。故选B。 16．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不仅我而且迈克都对这部电影感兴趣。not only...but also连接并列主语时，主谓一致遵循就近原则，本句中be动词与Mike保持一致，应用is。故选C。 17．D 【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：自从10月底赢得全国销售比赛以来，不仅爱丽丝，简和玛丽也被任命为当地商店的经理。根据“since they won the national sales competition at the end of October”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语和appoint为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语由not only...but also...连接，谓语动词遵循就近原则，和Jane and Mary保持一致，助动词使用have。故选D。 18．B 【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：自上月这艘沉船被发现以来，大量古代文物已被打捞出水。空处作句子的谓语，结合“since it was discovered last month”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到现在，文物是被打捞的对象，应用被动语态，A large number of后接复数名词relics，谓语应用复数形式。故选B。 19．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的五年中，我省投入了大量的资金来改善公共交通。“large quantities of +名词”作主语时，无论名词是可数还是不可数，谓语动词都用复数形式。根据句中时间状语Over the past five years可知，用现在完成时。故选A。 20．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这个地区能够接入高速互联网的人数正在迅速增加。分析第一空格处“who ________ access to high-speed Internet in this area”这部分是一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。“have access to”是固定短语，意为“有使用……的机会、权利；可以获得”，在定语从句中，关系代词who指代先行词people，所以从句的谓语动词应该用复数形式have。第二空格处，“the number of + 复数名词” 表示 “…… 的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，所以这里应该用is，“is increasing”是现在进行时结构，表示“正在增长”。故选B。 21．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：学校旅行是否会被取消取决于到周五有多少学生报名。分析句子可知，空处为主句谓语动词，“Whether the school trip will be canceled”为句子作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句子描述的是一般情况，应用一般现在时。故选C项。 22．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们学校的学生人数大约是3000人，他们中有很多人来自农村。The number of表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以第一个空应填is；a number of表示“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，所以第二个空应填are。故选B。 23．D 【解析】考查主谓一致和名词所有格。句意：这位老师兼作家要来凯特和玛丽的家。“the teacher and writer”表示“这位老师兼作家”，指的是同一个人，这个人既是老师又是作家，是单数概念，所以谓语动词要用单数形式，结合选项可知，第一空用is；根据第二空后单数名词“house”可知，第二空应用“Kate and Mary’s”表示凯特和玛丽共同的家。故选D。 24．B 【解析】考查时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：随着该地区越来越多的森林被破坏，每年都有大量土地变成沙漠。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据each year可知，句子为现在进行时态，表示每年有大量的土地正变成沙漠。且turn into和主语land之间为被动关系，所以句子为现在进行时态的被动与语态。因为land前面有huge quantities of修饰，所以谓语动词用复数。故选B。 25．C 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：参加会议的人数在过去的几年中显著增加。A. is increasing正在增加（现在进行时）；B. have increased已经增加（现在完成时）；C. has increased已经增加（现在完成时）；D. are increasing正在增加（现在进行时）。根据时间状语over the past few years可知，谓语动词需用现在完成时态。主语the number of people中的the number of表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式，因此助动词应为has。故选C。 26．B 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如今，由于先进的技术，大量的信息，无论是真还是假，都可以在互联网上找到。“quantities of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。information与find之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故选B。 27．D 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们学校已经建立了一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆，很快就会投入使用。set up(建立)是句中谓语动词，与主语A new library and a gymnasium(一个新的图书馆和一个体育馆)之间是被动关系，结合时间状语so far可知，描述过去行为对现在的影响，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数概念，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时的被动语态，复数形式。故选D项。 28．D 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不幸的是，在过去几年中帝王蝶的数量减少了 90%。分析句子可知，句中存在时间状语in the last few years，因此时态使用现在完成时，且主语the monarch’s population是单数，跟谓语动词是主动关系，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式，即has crashed。故选D项。 29．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：在中国，许多过生日的人吃带蜡烛的蛋糕。蜡烛的数量是这个人的年龄。A. has；is有；是；B. eats；are吃；是；C. eat；is吃；是。根据句意，本句描述客观事实应为一般现在时态，a number of为固定短语，表示“许多”，其后应为名词复数，作主语谓语动词用复数，第一空表示“吃”，eat应为动词原形，the number of意为“……的数量”，后加可数名词复数，作主语谓语动词用单数，第二空应为is，故选C项。 30．C 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：——许多学生在公共汽车上。——让我数数。他们的数量是60。第一空，根据空前主语为A number of students，意为：许多学生，是复数形式，因此be动词应选用are，所以排除B项和D项；第二空，根据空前主语为The number of them，意为：他们的数量，是单数形式，因此be动词应选用is，所以排除A项。故选C。 31．B 【解析】考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：采取一切措施防止水被污染。句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“be used to do sth.”意为“被用来做某事”，“means”意为“方法”，名词词性，单复数同形，根据“Every”可知，应用“is”连用，空格一应填“is used to”，get used to意思为：习惯于；“prevent…from doing sth.”意为“阻止……做某事”，“water”和“pollute”为被动关系，空格二应用动名词的被动形式“being polluted”作宾语。故选B项。 32．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句意：在这种情况下工作不是一种快乐，而是一种痛苦。空1为非谓语动词作主语，这里可以用不定式，也可以用动名词，所以排除C，主语是不定式或者动名词，谓语应用第三人称单数形式，可以排除AD，故选B。 33．A 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：除了汤姆和吉姆，大家都要去深圳拜访一些朋友。在本句中，不定代词Everyone是真正的主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故选A。 34．D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，不止一代的孩子对他的勇敢和寻找真相的科学方法感到惊讶。根据时间状语Up to now可知，此处表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果，应用现在完成时。“more than one +单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D项。 35．B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的三年里，学校制定了许多新的安全规则，以帮助创造一个更快乐、更安全的学习环境。根据“over the last three years”可知，应该使用现在完成时。“many a new safety rule”作主语，谓语动词用单数，并且它承受make的动作，因此使用现在完成时的被动语态，故选B。 36．B 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：富兰克林和许多其他科学家一样，激励我们通过进行实验来做出科学发现。分析句子可知，本句主语为Franklin，为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，结合选项，可以排除A、C项，且D项为过去完成时，表“过去的过去”，不符合语境，所以这里可选B项，用现在完成时，表过去发生的事情对现在的影响，符合句意。故选B项。 37．A 【解析】考查百分数和主谓一致。句意：——世界上90%的优质纸张来自这个地区。——哇，太棒了! percent与数词连用时，无复数变化，所以此处的percent应为单数形式；第二空为谓语动词，结合句意，此处讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，当百分数或分数修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式由该名词决定，paper意为“纸”为不可数名词，所以此处谓语动词应为单数形式。故选A项。 38．D 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自去年以来，该地区销售智能手机的公司数量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据该句时间状语since last year可知，此处为现在完成时，主语The number of firms selling smartphones为“……的数量”表示单数意义名词，所以为动词三单形式。故选D项。 39．B 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当我们小组讨论这个实验背后的想法时，我们的老师建议我们尝试类似的东西。空处在while引导的时间状语从句中作谓语，根据主句的谓语动词was suggested可知，该句描述的是过去的事情，结合句意，此处表示的是“我们正在讨论实验背后的想法时”，从句应用过去进行时，主语the idea与discuss之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语the idea为单数，be动词使用was，即was being discussed。故选B项。 40．B 【解析】考查动词和时态。句意：建筑的对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以欣赏到一些美妙的音乐。设空处为谓语，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，介词短语Opposite the buildings位于句首，用的完全倒装，主语是St. Paul’s Church，谓语用第三人称单数，故选B。 41．A 【解析】考查时态，主谓一致和形容词。句意：虽然技术继续以惊人的速度发展，但对人类创造力和直觉的需求仍未改变。由continues可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语need是单数，因此remain用第三人称单数，remain后跟形容词作表语，根据“While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition”可知，句子表示“虽然技术继续以惊人的速度发展，但对人类创造力和直觉的需求仍未改变”，空格处意为“不变的”，unchanged和unchanging都意为“不变的”，unchanged和说明的名词之间是逻辑动宾关系，unchanged多用于表保持原来的状态，而unchanging和说明的名词之间是主谓关系，unchanging多用于表不活动或不移动，the need和unchanged之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此用unchanged，故选A。 42．D 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：目前，大量野生动物正在在四川省自然保护区被保护。根据时间状语at present可知，句子描述现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，protect与主语a large number of wild animals之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且a large number of+复数名词作主语时，be动词使用are。故选D项。 43．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：——你看起来很累！——我丈夫整晚都在看足球比赛。太吵了。根据“That's too noisy.”可知，此处表示过去某一时间段内正在进行的动作，因此应该用过去进行时，其结构为was/were doing。主语My husband为单数，因此be动词应用was。故选D。 44．C 【解析】考查动词时态、被动语态、主谓一致。句意：石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员在5月5日的汤姆斯杯颁奖典礼上被授予一枚金牌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态。根据句子中的“on May 5th(在5月5日)”可知，这个动作发生在过去，因此需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。另外，“Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members(石宇奇和他的羽毛球队成员)”表示主语是Shi Yuqi，而"as well as his badminton team members" 作主语的补充，不影响谓语动词的数。因此，谓语动词应该与单数主语"Shi Yuqi"保持一致，使用单数形式，故选C。 45．B 【解析】考查动词语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致。句意：孩子们在院子里玩耍，由于胡同的存在，方圆数英里的院子连在一起，形成了一个人们一起工作、玩耍和生活的网络——一个真正的社区。①空为and后的句子中的谓语，根据played可知事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语courtyards与join“连接”为被动关系，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用were。②空用create“创建”的不定式，作目的状语。故选B。 46．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词和谓语动词。句意：在一个以合作而不是孤立为特征的世界中，分担任务和决策的模式有利于平等。“ by cooperation rather than isolation”作后置定语，characterize(以……为特征)是非谓语动词，与逻辑主语world之前是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；动词短语make for(促成，造就)是句中谓语动词，与主语是主谓关系，应用主动语态，描述客观事情，用一般现在时态，又因主语the pattern是单数名词，谓语用单数形式。故选A项。 47．C 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：——你爸爸呢?他去北京了。——他要到下星期才回来。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据“He won’t be back until next week.”可知，父亲下星期才会回来，由此可知，父亲已经去了北京，且现在还没有回来，所以使用现在完成时，has been to表示“曾经去过某地，现在已经回来”，has gone to表示“已经去了某地，现在还没有回来”，结合语境可知，此处表示“已经去了北京，现在还没有回来”，且主语为第三人称单数，所以此处应为has gone to。故选C项。 48．C 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：这个问题他们讨论了整整一个上午，但到目前为止还没有找到合适的解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语so far可知，此处应使用现在完成时，find与主语之间为被动关系，所以使用现在完成时的被动语态，主语 no suitable solution为第三人称单数，即has been found。故选C项。 49．D 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：当我经过教室时，英语老师以及学生们正在唱歌。根据“when I passed the classroom”可推知，空处描述的是“我”经过教室时，正在发生的事情，时态应用过去进行时，且as well as the students为插入语，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应和The English teacher保持人称和数的一致。故选D。 50．C 【解析】考查动词时态和短语辨析。句意：中国实行改革开放政策以来，引进了大量的现代技术。根据since引导的时间状语从句可知，空1处应用现在完成时，bring in“引进”与A great deal of modern technology之间是被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态，主语A great deal of modern technology为单数，助动词用has。since引导的时间状语从句中应用一般过去时，carry out意为“实行，贯彻”，符合句意；carry on意为“继续，开展，坚持”不符合句意。故选C。 二、 1 51．C 52．A 53．C 54．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲大象数量增长带来的问题，以及一种利用蜜蜂来防止大象进入农场的新解决方案。同时，也指出了这一解决方案的局限性，但仍强调了其对于促进大象与人类和平共处的重要性。 51．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing.( 由于卓有成效的保护工作，肯尼亚等国的非洲象种群数量正在增长。)”以及第二段“While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also grown and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas, which has led to conflicts between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths. (尽管这对环保主义者来说是个好消息，但生活在公园两部分之间的农民却不这么认为。人口的增长也意味着它影响了大象的觅食和迁徙区域，这导致了人类与大象之间的冲突，有时甚至导致大象死亡。)”可知，肯尼亚大象数量增长对环保主义者是喜讯，但给农民带来人象冲突问题，体现了“喜忧参半”的双重影响。故选C。 52．词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“The project is supporting 40 farmers whose crops are protected by 15 hives. Each of the hives is strung on a wire a few meters off the ground. This protects them from insects and allows them to shake if they are disturbed by an elephant. which starts the bees making sounds. This frightens the elephant away.(该项目为40名农民提供支持，他们的农作物由15个蜂巢保护。每个蜂巢都用铁丝悬挂在离地面几米高的地方。这可以保护它们免受昆虫侵害，并在受到大象干扰时摇晃，从而让蜜蜂发出声音。这会把大象吓跑。)”可知，“this”指的是蜜蜂发出声音，这一动作直接导致大象被吓跑。故选A。 53．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“A nine-year study tracked 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park During the high growing seasons—November to January from 2014 to 2020—3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75%, elephants were still prevented 76% of the time.(一项为期九年的研究追踪了公园附近两个村庄中26个由蜂巢围栏保护的农场。在2014年至2020年的高生长季节（11月至1月），有3027头大象靠近围栏，大多数都被阻止了。在2017年的干旱期间，蜂巢中的蜜蜂数量减少了75%，但仍有76%的阻止率。)”可知，研究数据显示，在高生长季节，3027头大象靠近蜂巢围栏时 大多数被阻止；即使在干旱导致蜜蜂数量减少75%的情况下，仍有76%的阻止率。因此，作者提及九年研究的目的是证明新解决方案的有效性。故选C。 54．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Save the Elephants is now promoting beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides preventing elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to increase their income.(“拯救大象”组织现在正在非洲和亚洲的15个国家推广蜂巢围栏。但除了阻止大象之外，蜂巢围栏还可以为社区提供其他好处。蜜蜂提供授粉服务，可以增加农作物产量，农民还可以出售蜂巢中的蜂蜜来增加收入。)”以及最后一段“While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts.(虽然这个解决方案并不完美，并且会受到气候变化和干旱的负面影响，但它确实表明，大象和人类可以在不发生冲突的情况下共享土地。)”可知，作者认为这个方案有很多好处，尽管不完美，但是表明大象和人类可以在不发生冲突的情况下共享土地。由此可知，作者对这个解决方案的态度是支持的。故选D。 2 55．B 56．C 57．D 58．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍14岁少年西里什·苏巴什发明农药检测设备及其获奖的故事。 55．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Most of the time, when crops are harvested and delivered to grocery stores, the residues of pesticides are attached to these food items, creating a risk of diseases.(大多数时候，当农作物收获并运送到杂货店时，这些食品上会附着农药残留，带来疾病风险。)”可知，农药残留在蔬菜上很常见。故选B项。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To avoid the effects of chemicals on his body, he invented an AI-based device that can detect the presence of pesticides on foods.(为了避免化学物质对身体的影响，他发明了一种基于人工智能的设备，可以检测食品上是否存在农药。)”及第四段中的““The main goal of PestiSCAND is to help people ensure that they aren’t consuming used pesticides so they can avoid any associated health risks,” Subash said. (苏巴什说：‘PestiSCAND的主要目标是帮助人们确保他们不会食用残留的农药，这样他们就可以避免任何相关的健康风险。’)”可知，苏巴什发明PestiSCAND是为了避免农药残留带来的健康威胁。故选C项。 57．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Subash said that although the product is not out in the market, he will continue to build improved versions. “I want to continue developing projects like ‘PestiSCAND’ and eventually get them out to the world, to the market. (苏巴什说，虽然该产品尚未上市，但他将继续开发改进版本。‘我想继续开发像PestiSCAND这样的项目，并最终将它们推向世界，推向市场。’)”可知，苏巴什未来可能会发明更多解决现实挑战的产品。故选D项。 58．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“When the 14-year-old Sirish Subash, from Snellville, Georgia, was washing vegetables with his mother in his home kitchen, he thought of the residues (残留物) of pesticides (杀虫剂) on them. To avoid the effects of chemicals on his body, he invented an AI-based device that can detect the presence of pesticides on foods. (当来自佐治亚州斯内尔维尔的 14 岁少年西里什・苏巴什和他的母亲在自家厨房洗菜时，他想到了蔬菜上的农药残留。为了避免化学物质对身体的影响，他发明了一种基于人工智能的设备，可以检测食物上是否存在农药。)”可知，文章主要讲述了14岁少年苏巴什发明了一种能检测食品中农药残留的设备的故事，所以，标题“一个男孩发明检测农药残留的设备”概括了文章的主题，适合作为最佳标题。故选D项。 三、 59．is studying 60．addiction 61．from 62．more 63．which 64．affecting 65．are 66．avoid 67．Noting 68．a / per 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。从事个性特点与网络成瘾之间关系研究的Roberts教授说：更好地理解相互关系(个性和与媒体应用之间相互影响的关系)有助于使人们远离网络成瘾。 59．考查现在进行时态。虽然say用的是一般过去时态，但它只表达“说”的动作发生在过去。因这项研究还在继续，所以study用现在进行时态，本句中的now也暗示了这一点，故填is studying。 60．考查名词。此处需要介词的宾语，所以使用名词addiction。此处addicting动名词不可接受，在需要名词场合，恰巧该词既有名词形式，又有动词词性(study, work, explain, explanation等)时，确定使用该词的名词形式还是动名词形式的方法是：若该词后有状语、宾语，一定使用动名词形式；若该词前有形容词，一定使用名词形式(本题前面有online，因此暗示使用名词形式)，故填addiction。 61．考查介词。keep away from（远离）是固定搭配，故用from。 62．考查比较级。自控是人们与生俱来的能力。通过后天教育，人会有更多的自控，因此使用more。 63．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，　　5　　 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder为非限制性定语从句，其先行词为前面整个主句，该从句缺乏主语，故用关系代词which。 64．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，affect作后置定语修饰personality，与其逻辑主语personality为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式affecting。 65．考查主谓一致。or连接主语时谓语动词就近一致。此处主语是“a generation or two (generations必须省略)”，故填are。 66．考查非谓语动词。此处avoid是与become并列的省略to的不定式充当宾语补语，故填avoid。 67．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，note作原因状语，与其逻辑主语he是主谓关系，所以使用现在分词，故用Noting。 68．考查冠词。表达频率的“每一”时，使用不定冠词a / an / per，故用a/per。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题16 语法知识之主谓一致 主谓一致 规则 情 况 举 例 语 法 一 致 原 则 以单数名词或代词动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。 His father is working on the farm. To study English well is not easy. Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. What he said is very important for us all. 由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 what I bought were three English books. What I say and do is (are) helpful for you. 由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物 时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+单数名词和由some, any no, every构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。. Lucy and Lily are twins The writer and artist has come. Every student and every teach is in the classroom. Many a boy and many a girl likes it. No boy and no girl likes it. Each of us has a new book. Is everyone here today? Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter 若none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数。若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America. 在定语从句里，关系代词that, who, which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 Those who want to go please write their names on the blackboard. He is one of my friends who are working hard. He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard. 在强调句型中应与被强调部分一致 It is I who am going to the cinema tonight. It is we who are going to the cinema tonight. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数形式； 如果它指的集体的成员，其谓语动词用复数形式 The police are looking for the lost child. The cattle are eating grass in the field. His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人） Class four is on the third floor.（四班） Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.（四班的学生） 由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名词构成的短语以及由分数或百分数+名词构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea. 50 percent of the students in our class are girls. 此外，还有a number of +复数名词有类似的用法（用复数），但the number of +复数名词的数就得依number 而定（用单数）。 A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples. The number of pages in this book is three hundred. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致 There comes the bus. On the wall are many pictures. Such is the result. Such are the facts. Between the two hills stands a monument. 逻 辑 意 义 一 致 原 则 What, who, which, any, more, all 等代词可以是单数，也可是复数， 主要靠意思来决定。 Which is your bag? Which are your bags? Are any of you good at English? Has any of you got a pen? All can be done has been done. All is going well. All have been taken out. All have gone to Beijing. 表示时间重量长度价值等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体。 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.. Twenty pounds is too dear. 如强调这类词的复数意义，则谓语动词要用复数形式 Forty kilos of water are used every day. 若英语是书名名格言剧名报名国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。 The United States is smaller than China. “The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后面接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 One and a half apples is left on the table. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都属于形式上是复数的名词， 实际意义为单数名词， 它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 The paper works was built in 1990.这家造纸厂建于1990年。 I don’t think physics is easy to study. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, scissors (剪刀)等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the) pair of 等量词修饰时（clothes被a suit of 修饰）谓语动词用单数。 My glasses are broken. The pair of shoes under the bed is his. “定冠词the+形容词或分词”，表示某一类人动词用复数；若表示某一类东西时，动词用单数。 The old are taken good care of there. The beautiful gives pleasure to all. 就 近 /远 一 致 原 则 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, not only but also ,whether or 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语保持一致,即就近一致。 Either the teacher or the students are our friends. Neither he nor they are wholly right. Neither they nor he is wholly right. Is neither he nor they wholly right? there be 句型中be 动词的单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致，即就近一致。 There are two chairs and a desk in the room. There is a desk and two chairs in the room. 主语后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短语， 谓语动词要跟主语一致，即就远一致。 Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. A woman with a baby was on the bus. Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. She, like you and Tom, is very tall. The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese. No one except my teachers knows anything about it. 一、单项选择 1．Neither Mary nor her parents _______ of the exciting news, which surprises us a lot. A．has informed B．have informed C．has been informed D．have been informed 2．Either the detailed explanation in the textbook or the teacher’s examples in class helpful for understanding a noun clause functions. A．is; how B．are; how C．is; what D．are; what 3．It’s Sunday today. You may _____ watch TV ______ play football now. A．both, and B．neither, nor C．either, or D．not only, but also 4．Not only Tom but also his parents _____ fond of watching football matches. A．is B．are C．was D．were 5．There _______ many elephants in Africa. A．is B．has C．are D．have 6．Either you or I ________ right. A．are B．is C．am D．be 7．Recently, not only the students but also the professor ________in the study of the latest scientific theory. A．has absorbed B．have absorbed C．has been absorbed D．have been absorbed 8．I’m very busy now. Either you or he _________ going to have a meeting instead of me. A．was B．is C．are D．were 9．The importance of handwriting is becoming better understood. ________ no wonder that in Sweden ________ a push for more handwriting and printed books and fewer devices. A．It is, there is B．It is, it is C．There is, there is D．There is, it is 10．Not only the students but also the teacher ________ against the plan at the meeting yesterday. A．are B．were C．was D．have been 11．—It is reported that several traffic accidents occurred in the highway on October 7,2013. —In my view, it was not the passengers but the drivers who________for them. A．were blamed B．were to blame C．were to be blamed D．was to blame 12．Neither the students nor the teacher _________ anything about it. A．are knowing B．have known C．knows D．were knowing 13．Look! There________ some information about traffic rules in this book. A．is B．are C．was 14．There________many people who have known about it. A．seems to be B．seems to have C．seem to be D．seem to have 15．Either you or he __________ to blame for the accident. A．are B．is C．were D．being 16．Not only I but also Mike ________ interested in the movie. A．are B．am C．is D．be 17．Not only Alice but also Jane and Mary _______ as managers of the local stores since they won the national sales competition at the end of October. A．was appointed B．were appointed C．has been appointed D．have been appointed 18．A large number of ancient cultural relics ________ from the sunken ship since it was discovered last month. A．were salvaged (打捞) B．have been salvaged C．has been salvaged D．had been salvaged 19．Over the past five years, large quantities of money ________ in improving the public transport in our province. A．have been spent B．were spent C．has been spent D．was spent 20．The number of people who ________ access to high-speed Internet in this area ________ increasing rapidly. A．has; is B．have; is C．has; are D．have; are 21．Whether the school trip will be canceled on how many students sign up by Friday. A．depend B．depending C．depends D．depended 22．The number of students in our school ____ about 3000 and a number of them ____ from the countryside. A．is, is B．is, are C．are, is D．are, are E．/ 23．The teacher and writer _____ coming to _______ house. A．are, Kate and Mary’s B．were, Kate’s and Mary C．is, Kate’s and Mary’s D．is, Kate and Mary’s 24．With more forests being destroyed in that area, huge quantities of land deserts each year. A．has been turned into B．are being turned into C．is being turned into D．were being turned into 25．The number of people attending the conference ________ significantly over the past few years. A．is increasing B．have increased C．has increased D．are increasing 26．Nowadays, huge quantities of information, whether true or false, ______ on the Internet as a result of the advanced technology. A．is found B．are found C．has found D．have found 27．A new library and a gymnasium in our school _________ up so far and they will be put into use very soon. A．are set B．being set C．has been set D．have been set 28．Unfortunately, the monarch’s population ________ by as much as 90 percent in the last few years. A．have been crashed B．have crashed C．has been crashed D．has crashed 29．In China, a number of birthday persons________cakes with candles. The number of candles________the person’s age. A．has；is B．eats；are C．eat；is 30．—A number of students ______ on the bus. —Let me count. The number of them ______ 60. A．are; are B．is; are C．are; is D．is; is 31．Every means ________ prevent the water from ________. A．are used to; polluting B．is used to; being polluted C．is used to; polluted D．get used to; polluting 32．______ in these conditions ______ not a pleasure but a suffer. A．To work; are B．Working; is C．Work; are D．Working; are 33．Everyone except Tom and Jim ________ going to visit some friends in Shenzhen. A．is B．are C．am 34．Up to now, more than one generation of children ________ been amazed by his bravery and his scientific approach to looking for the truth. A．have B．had C．will have D．has 35．Many a new safety rule ______ in schools over the last three years to help create a happier and more secure learning environment. A．has made B．has been made C．have been made D．have made 36．Franklin, as well as many other scientists, us to make scientific discoveries by conducting experiments. A．have inspired B．has inspired C．are inspiring D．had inspired 37．— ______of the world’s quality paper ______from this region. —Wow, that’s great! A．Ninety percent; comes B．Ninety percents; comes C．Ninety percents; come D．Ninety percent; come 38．The number of firms selling smartphones in this region ______ since last year. A．dropped B．was being dropped C．have been dropping D．has dropped 39．While the idea behind this experiment _________ in our group, it was suggested to us by our teacher that we try something similar. A．discussed B．was being discussed C．had discussed D．had been discussed 40．Opposite the buildings ________ St. Paul’s Church, where you can enjoy some lovely music. A．stand B．stands C．will stand D．stood 41．While technology continues to evolve at a breathtaking pace, the need for human creativity and intuition ______. A．remains unchanged B．remain unchanged C．remains unchanging D．remain unchanging 42．At present, a large number of wild animals ________ at the nature reserve in Sichuan Province. A．is protecting B．is being protected C．are protecting D．are being protected 43．—You look tired! —My husband ______ football matches all night. That’s too noisy. A．watches B．watched C．has watched D．was watching 44．Shi Yuqi, as well as his badminton team members, ______ a gold medal at the Thomas Cup Awarding Ceremony on May 5th. A．is awarded B．are awarded C．was awarded D．were awarded 45．The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards ________ together for miles around ________ a network of people working, playing and living together-a real community. A．was joined… creating B．were joined… to create C．joined… to create D．joining… created 46．In a world ________ by cooperation rather than isolation, the pattern of sharing tasks and decisions ________ for equality. A．characterized… makes B．characterized… are made C．characterizing… are made D．characterized… is made 47．—Where’s your father? —He ______ Beijing. He won’t be back until next week. A．went B．has been to C．has gone to D．is going to 48．They have been discussing the issue for a whole morning, but no suitable solution ________ so far. A．was found B．have been found C．has been found D．found 49．The English teacher as well as the students ________ a song when I passed the classroom. A．sing B．singing C．were singing D．was singing 50．A great deal of modern technology ______ in since China ______ its reform and opening-up policy (政策). A．have been brought; carried on B．were brought; has carried out C．has been brought; carried out D．was brought; has carried on 二、阅读理解 1 Elephants, the largest land mammals on the planet, are magnificent creatures and tourists rush to African countries to see them. Due to very successful conservation efforts, the African elephant population in countries like Kenya is growing. In the country’s popular Tsavo National Park, elephant numbers went from around 6,000 to almost 15,000 in 2021. While this is great news for conservationists, it’s not seen that way by farmers who live in between two parts of the park. The human population has also grown and this means that it affects elephants’ feeding and migration areas, which has led to conflicts (冲突) between humans and elephants, sometimes resulting in elephant deaths. Now a new solution using honeybees has been found to keep the elephants away from farms. This seemingly unlikely solution is part of a long-running project from the Save the Elephants organization. The sound of Africa honeybees prevents elephants. Now yellow-painted beehive fences (蜂巢围栏) protect some of the local areas. The project is supporting 40 farmers whose crops are protected by 15 hives. Each of the hives is strung on a wire a few meters off the ground. This protects them from insects and allows them to shake if they are disturbed by an elephant. which starts the bees making sounds. This frightens the elephant away. A nine-year study tracked 26 farms that were protected by the beehive fences in two villages near the park During the high growing seasons — November to January from 2014 to 2020 — 3,027 elephants approached the fences and most were prevented. During the drought of 2017, which reduced the number of bees in the hives by 75%, elephants were still prevented 76% of the time. Save the Elephants is now promoting beehive fences in 15 countries in Africa and Asia. But besides preventing elephants, the beehive fences can provide other benefits to communities. Bees provide pollination (授粉) services which can increase crop production and honey from the hives that farmers can sell to increase their income. While this solution isn’t perfect, and is subject to the negative effects of climate change and drought, it does show that elephants and humans can share the land without conflicts. 51．What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs? A．The elephants are the biggest creatures on the planet. B．The protection efforts of elephants in Kenya are useless. C．The elephant population growth in Kenya mixes happiness with sadness. D．The increasing migration areas in Kenya have caused many elephants’ deaths. 52．What does the underlined “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The bees making sounds. B．The insects making sounds. C．The beehives shaking. D．The yellow-painted fence. 53．Why does the author mention the nine-year study in paragraph 4? A．To stress the importance of protecting elephants. B．To show the popularity of beehive fences. C．To prove the effectiveness of the new solution. D．To show the effect of climate change on the number of bees.. 54．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution? A．Unclear. B．Indifferent. C．Critical. D．Supportive. 2 When the 14-year-old Sirish Subash, from Snellville, Georgia, was washing vegetables with his mother in his home kitchen, he thought of the residues (残留物) of pesticides (杀虫剂) on them. To avoid the effects of chemicals on his body, he invented an AI-based device that can detect the presence of pesticides on foods. This innovation won him the “3M Young Scientist Challenge”. Most of the time, when crops are harvested and delivered to grocery stores, the residues of pesticides are attached to these food items, creating a risk of diseases. Although Subash was told by his mother to wash vegetables before cooking and eating them, he wondered if it was enough to clean away the pesticides from the food. This was the question that made him invent a groundbreaking handheld device, PestiSCAND． The device is based on a method called “spectrophotometry (分光光度法)”. “Now what this means is that it measures how different wavelengths of light reflect off the surfaces of the items,” Subash told. Users of the device just need to download an app, point the scanner (扫描仪) at the fruit or vegetables, and see the results. While testing the produce, the device accurately reported pesticide levels of around 85% in tomatoes. “The main goal of PestiSCAND is to help people ensure that they aren’t consuming used pesticides so they can avoid any associated health risks,” Subash said. The ninth-grader developed the PestiSCAND with support from his teacher, Aditya Banerji, a senior research engineer. For his great contribution, Subash ended up winning the grand prize of $25,000 cash and the title of “America’s Top Young Scientist”. The prize money, he said, will fund his college education. “Subash shows an incredible ability to develop creative solutions to some of the world’s most pressing challenges,” says Torie Clarke, chief public affairs officer at 3M. Subash said that although the product is not out in the market, he will continue to build improved versions. “I want to continue developing projects like ‘PestiSCAND’ and eventually get them out to the world, to the market. That’s one of my goals, to get it out to everyone,” Subash added. 55．What can be concluded about pesticide residues from paragraph 2? A．Their harms are extremely serious. B．They’ re common on vegetables. C．They can’t be washed away at all. D．They are broken down by cooking. 56．Why did Subash invent the PestiSCAND? A．To strongly advocate for organic farming. B．To draw wide attention to the hot issue. C．To avoid health threat from pesticide residues. D．To increase the quantity of food consumption. 57．What might Subash do in the future? A．Major in engineering in his college. B．Provide PestiSCAND for the public for free. C．Find more ways to test pesticide residues. D．Invent more for real-world challenges. 58．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Talented Young Man Wins the 3M Grand Prize B．A Way to Remove Pesticide Residues Is Found C．Pesticide Residues Can’t Be Overlooked in Kitchens D．A Boy Creates a Device to Detect Pesticide Residues 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 James Roberts, a professor of Baylor University who 59 (study) the effects of the Big 5 personality (个性) features on online 60 (addict) now, said a better understanding of the correlations (相互关系) can help people — and particularly parents — keep away 61 the dangers. “We need to teach people to have 62 (much) self-control,” Roberts said. “Our brains are being prepared for fast and exciting activities online, 63 is making us forget our own responsibility we should shoulder. We talk about our personality 64 (affect) our social media use, but our social media use also affects our personality. … We’ve seen a generation or two 65 (be) crazy about the Internet so that they’re used to constant stimulation (刺激) and quick and fast and shallow interactions (相互影响).” David said he hopes the growing organizations of research on the topic will help people become more aware and 66 (avoid) addiction. 67 (note) that there are apps that can count people’s daily smart phone use, he said, “Most people don’t realize they unlock their phone 200 times 68 day.” 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$