Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

Welcome Unit Discovering Useful Structures Know about the concept of sentence and sentence elements Q1: 什么是句子？ 句子需要表达一个完整的意思, 是由单词按一定的语法规则组合而成的。 Q2: 什么是句子成分？ 句子一般可以分成几个部分, 每个部分在句中具有一定的功能, 称为句子成分。 Q3:单词词类和句子成分有什么关系？ 不同的句子成分由一定的词类或词组充当。 Discovering Useful Structures by beck 点击返回目录 点击进入各单元 主要句子成分归纳如下 S V O P A C (subject) 主语: 句子说明的人或事物； (verb) 谓语动词:说明主语的动作、状态和特征； (object) 宾语: 动作的对象或承受者； DO (direct object) IO (indirect object) (object complement) 宾语补足语：说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。 (adverbial) 状语：说明地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等； (predicative)表语：连系动词后面的成分； 3 P DO O A C (subject) S V (verb) (object) (predicative) (adverbial) (direct object) I0 (object complement) (indirect object) （同位语） appositive （定语） attribute 主语 状语 宾语补足语 直接宾语 表语 宾语 间接宾语 谓语 Know about the basic element of a sentence 观察以下课文原句并思考红色部分的功能: 1. The class was difficult. 2.I just had my first maths class at senior high school. 3. The teacher was kind and friendly. 4. He even told us a funny story. 5. I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. 6. I just had my first maths class at senior high school. 7. Everyone laughed so much. 句子成分(Sentence Elements) 1.The class作 2.had作 3. kind and friendly作 4. a funny story作 5. friendly and helpful作 6. senior作 7. so much作 主语 谓语 表语 宾语 补足语 定语 状语 Exercise 1 Presentation Choose the right sentence element of the underlined part. 1. The guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time. ( ) 2. I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. ( ) 3. I’m a little nervous right now. ( )  4. There is a lot to explore at senior high. ( )  5. I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all. ( )  6. An exchange student is talking to a teacher on campus. ( )  7. He gave it to me yesterday. ( ) ( ) 8. She has proved herself an experienced designer. （ ） 谓语 宾语 状语 主语 表语 主语 直接宾语 间接宾语 宾语补足语 Exercise 2 ① S+V(主语+谓语) ② S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语) All of them are working. All of them feel confident. The girl laughed. The girl was a designer. We must act. The lab is behind the hall. ·谓语指的是主语所做的动作。 ·可以作谓语的有____________ ·表语是对主语特征的描述。 ·位置：系动词后 ·可以表语的有___________________ _________________ Presentation 观察几组句子，总结句子成分的含义和特点 动词 形容词、名词、介词短语 Presentation ③ S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语) ④ S+V+P(主语+系动词+表语) I miss my grandma. My favorite food is fish. The guy played football. The guy felt awkward. I couldn’t concentrate on the experiment. The song sounds nice. · 宾语是动作作用的对象 · 位置：用在及物动词或介词后面 · 可以作宾语的成分有_______________ 表语是对主语特征的描述。 表语用在系动词后面。 可以作表语的成分有___________ 名词、代词 名词、 形容词 Presentation ⑤ S+V+IO+DO (主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语) ⑥ S+V+O+P (主语+谓语+宾语+补足语) He gave me a present. I found chemistry difficult. The teacher told me a funny story. You must get the car ready. His father will teach us history. Mum asked me to study hard. 间接宾语通常是人， 直接宾语通常是物。 ·宾语补足语补充说明宾语的动作或状态。 ·可以作宾补的有____________ _____________________________ 形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、名词 Presentation ⑦ S+V+A(主语+谓语+状语) ⑧ S+V+O+A(主语+谓语+宾语+状语) Everyone laughed so much. I had my first maths class at senior high school. The flight will arrive tomorrow. Mum will leave me alone. The boy can run fast. We visited the Great Wall last year. ·状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。 ·状语用来说明_________________________________________ ·可以作状语的有副词、介词短语、形容词、不定式、分词等等 时间、地点、方式、程度、原因、目的、条件等等 Presentation 巧学助记 句子基本成分口诀 主谓宾, 定状补, 主干枝叶分清楚。 主干成分主谓宾, 枝叶成分定状补。 定语常在主宾前, 补语现身宾后边。 状语可放谓前后, 偶在主前逗号连。, 双宾有人也有物, 直宾前头间宾站。 系动词后是表语, 句子成分记心间。。 主 谓 宾 定 状 补 主语和宾语前 宾语后面 谓语前 双宾（人+物） （物+介词+人） 表 系动词后 Practice B. Study the sentence structures. [ ] [ ] Presentation Exercise 3 Read the sentences and analyse the structures. P6 The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city . We must act. The maths home work looks easy. The teacher found the classroom empty. S V [ ] A S V S V P S V O C S Presentation My mum bought me a new dictionary. Tom is looking forward to meeting the new exchange student. There is an English Corner at our school. We had chemistry in the newly built lab. V IO DO S V O There be句型 S V O [ ] A Let’s look at the picture. P6 They are on a ship. Guess: Where are they? What can they do on a ship? They can enjoy the sea and the blue sky. They can see the sea animals. They can watch the sun go down. They can wait for the stars to come out. .... Exercise 4 Analyse the structures of the underlined sentences. How would you like to go to school and travel the world at the same time? For Tim, that dream has come true! This term, Tim and his classmates are living on a ship! They take the same subjects as you do, like maths and English. They also learn about ships and the sea. Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. Tim loves living on the ship. There’s always something exciting to do. Ands, after a long day of study, he likes to watch the sun go down and wait for the stars to come out. Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea! V that dream has come true.( ) Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.( ) They also learn about ships and the sea.( ) Tim writes his parents an email every week and tells them what happened on the ship. ( ) There’s always something exciting to do. ( ) Studying and doing homework seem much more fun. ( ) S S+V S V [ ] A S+V+A S V O S+V+O S V IO DO [ ] A V IO DO S+V+I O+DO There be句型 S V P S+V+P Production Translate the following sentences. 1. 她住在一楼。(S+V+A) _____________________________  2. 老师让学生们做很酷的实验。(S+V+O+C) ____________________________ 3. 汤姆正期待着见到他的新同学。(S+V+O) ________________________ 4. 他变得更加自信了。(S+V+P) _________________________ She lives on the ground floor. The teacher lets students do cool experiments. Tom is looking forward to meeting his new classmates.   He became more confident.   Presentation 5. 杨倩的梦想已经实现的。(S+V) ______________________________________ 6. 她每周给妈妈写封电子邮件。(S+V+IO+DO) _______________________________________ 7.我的电脑有故障了。(There be句型) _______________________________________ 8.他父亲总是把他一个人留在家里。（S+V+O+A） _______________________________________ Yang Qian’s dream has come true.   She writes her mum an email every week.   There is something wrong with my computer.   His father always leave him alone at home. Language points Translate the following phrases and try to remember them. 1. lie in the centre of the city 2. find the classroom empty 3. look forward to (doing) sth. 4. the newly built lab 5. the same...as... 6. something exciting 7.watch the sun go down 8.wait for the stars to come out 9. come true 10. at the same time 位于城市的中心 发现教室是空着的 期待（做）某事 新建的实验室 与……一样 一些令人激动的事情 观看太阳下山 等待星星出来 变为现实 同时 Presentation There be. . . 句型 （存现句） 　　There be后面的名词是句子的主语, 属于倒装结构, 且系动词除be外, 还有lie, stand, used to be, seem to be, appear to be 等。 *(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)There are four fantastic galleries to visit. 有四个极好的画廊供参观。 *There seems to be a trend that people now tend to play with their cell phones no matter where they are. 似乎有一个趋势——无论人们在哪里, 他们都会玩手机。 【名师点津】There be的就近原则 　　There be句型中的be 动词的形式应和其后紧挨着的主语一致, 即遵循“就近原则”。 　　句型中动词be可以为一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 Exercise Let’s have a try! 1. There ______（be）an old man living on the hill two years ago. 2. There ______(be) a heavy rain tomorrow evening. 3. There_________(过去有) plenty of clean water in this river. 4. There__________(似乎有) something wrong with the car. 5. There _______(耸立着) an old temple at the top of the hill. 6. There is a boy__________(read) books in the library. 7. There ____________(be) great changes in our town since 1979. 8. There ____ (be) some tea and two cakes on the table. was will be used to be seems to be stands reading have been is Presentation Studying and doing homework seem much more fun when you are at sea.(P6) 动名词作主语多表示一般性的、抽象的动作或状态，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 在这个句子里，studying and doing homework作句子的主语，when 引导时间状语从句。 试一试：1.学英语可能很有挑战性。 Learning English can be challenging. 2.在阳光下看书对眼睛有害。 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 句子成分 主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语、直接宾语、间接宾语、补语 八大基本句型 1. 主+谓(不及物动词) 2. 主+谓(系动词)+表语 3. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语 4. 主+谓(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 5. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 6. 主+谓(不及物动词)+状语 7. 主+谓(及物动词)+宾语+状语 8. There be … 句子成分分析 Summary summary Presentation 【常温故·勤总结】 英语句子万万千, 八大句型把线牵。 句型种类靠动词, 后接什么是关键。 vi. 独身无牵连, vt. 可与三类成分连; 宾语加上补足语, 单宾双宾最常见。 系动词后接表语, 状语灵活随意现。 There be句型很重要, 各种搭配记心间。 Summary Homework 1. 整理语法笔记, 在本子上默写出7种句子成分，8种基本句型。 2. 完成练习。 $$