课时检测训练37 选择性必修第四册 Unit 1 Looking forwards(Word练习)- 【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版2019）

课时检测训练37　选择性必修第四册　Unit 1　Looking forwards 对应学生用书P375 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·河南省邓州市部分学校高三一模)These days，there's barely a world leader who doesn't talk up science.For example，the India's Prime Minister was the main performer at the annual Indian Science Congress，held in Nagpur，where he encouraged the nation's researchers to do the science needed to make India self­reliant. The message to researchers is crystal clear：leaders see science as essential to national prosperity，well­being and，of course，competitiveness.So，is research fit for the challenge of advancing，refining or critiquing these goals? Not exactly.And it won't be until there is fundamental reform to the gateway to a research career：PhD training. As Nature and other publications have frequently reported，PhD training worldwide has been in trouble for some time.Students' stipends (生活津贴) are not enough in most countries，creating a cost­of­living crisis.Early­career researchers constantly report concerns about a constant lack of support and poor­quality supervision，with senior researchers rarely trained in mentorship (指导). Furthermore，PhD candidates are inadequately prepared for the cross­disciplinary working and large teams that characterize cutting­edge science today.This is especially true for careers outside academic research，where the overwhelming majority of PhD candidates will be heading. It is not all bad.Universities in a small number of high­income countries have reformed，or are reforming，PhD assessment.But in most places，and especially in low­and middle­income countries，a candidate's work is still evaluated using a single­authored paper.In many countries，candidates must publish in a journal before they get a PhD，something that critics say could fuel profitable publishing. The system's strains have become more obvious because the number of people doing PhD training has been rising sharply.According to the 2022 book Towards a Global Core Value System in Doctoral Education，the number of PhDs awarded in India increased from 17，850 in 2004 to 25，095 in 2016; US figures climbed from 48，500 to 69，525 over the same period.If researchers are to meet society's expectations，their training and mentoring must escape the nineteenth century. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇议论文。文章指出虽然领导人普遍认为科学对于国家至关重要，但是目前的博士培养体系存在诸多挑战和困境，主要问题包括学生生活津贴不足导致的生活成本危机、对早期职业研究人员持续缺乏支持和低质量监督、博士候选人对跨学科工作和大型团队准备不足等。 1．Why is the India's Prime Minister mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To indicate India's serious scientific landscape. B．To imply more researchers are in great demand in India. C．To show leaders' emphasis on scientific research. D.To demonstrate more and more people take an interest in science. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“These days，there's barely a world leader who doesn't talk up science.For example，the India's Prime Minister was the main performer at the annual Indian Science Congress，held in Nagpur，where he encouraged the nation's researchers to do the science needed to make India self­reliant.”可知，本段首先提出世界领导人几乎都会谈论科学，强调其重要性，然后提到印度总理，作为例子来体现领导人对科研的重视。故选C。 答案　C 2．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The reforms in science. B．The significance of mentorship. C．The creation of academic culture. D．The issues early­career researchers face. 解析　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍了世界范围内的博士培养陷入的困境，这些早期职业研究人员面临着生活成本危机、缺乏支持、监督低质量等问题。故选D。 答案　D 3．Which of the following best describes the author's opinion on PhD training? A．Disappointed.　　　　　B．Satisfied. C．Indifferent. D．Enthusiastic. 解析　观点态度题。根据第二段“And it won't be until there is fundamental reform to the gateway to a research career：PhD training.”、第三段“As Nature and other publications have frequently reported，PhD training worldwide has been in trouble for some time.”和第四段“Furthermore，PhD candidates are inadequately prepared for the cross­disciplinary working and large teams that characterize cutting­edge science today.”可知，作者认为博士培养面临着困境，候选人没有为未来的工作做好充分准备，该培养需要进行根本性改革。由此可知，作者对博士培养很失望。故选A。 答案　A 4．What does the author mainly intend to express in the last paragraph? A．PhD education is developing gradually. B．The reforms in PhD training admit of no delay. C．The number of PhDs awarded has increased in India and the US. D．The demand for researchers' meeting society's expectations is pressing. 解析　写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为攻读博士学位的人数的上升加剧了博士培养体系的压力，这种体系需要做出改变才能满足社会的期望。由此可知，作者想表达博士培养改革刻不容缓。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·广东省广州市高三一模)There's a classic short story in which a young man travels years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like this have always been related to science fiction.But what if you could meet your future self? I'm a psychologist and professor.My research over the past 15 years isn't far from this theme.I've largely focused on how people think about and relate to their future selves，and explored the reasons why we have such a hard time making long­term decisions.In my research，I've learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers，which can impede us in making long­term choices.One way to bridge the emotional gap is to think of future selves in more concrete and vivid ways，like writing letters to and from one's future self，which can strengthen the connection between current and future selves. Admittedly，having people engage in an imagined conversation is a_far_cry_from actually meeting one's future self.But it's believed that far richer interactions may happen in the near future through artificial intelligence (AI).It wouldn't be predicting exactly what choices you'd make.It'd be more about showing your potential，based on the lives of people similar to you：not just one possible life for you，but rather，the most possible life path for you.Such interactions could offer valuable insights into our potential future selves. So，to return to my original question：if you could time­travel to meet your future self，what aspects of your life would you want to know more about? I realized，through thorough reflections，that the most powerful questions would be ones that helped me make better choices today —questions exploring personal growth，regrets and unfulfilled actions. Actually，you don't need to wait for time travel or advanced AI for answers that you can act on.Through my research，I've learnt that simply taking a bit of time to picture this meeting can help you make better choices now.All you need is a little imagination，and the willingness to put yourself in the shoes of a person you currently treat as a stranger. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们很难做出长期的决定，因为人们发现很难与遥远的自己联系起来，指出让人们参与想象中的对话与真正见到未来的自己相去甚远。建议人们花一点时间想象一下这次会面，就能有助于现在做出更好的选择。 5．Why is it difficult for people to make long­term decisions according to the author? A．Technology for time travel is not available. B．Strangers cannot help with decision­making. C．Writing letters to one's future self is impractical. D.People find it hard to connect with their distant selves. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段“I've largely focused on how people think about and relate to their future selves，and explored the reasons why we have such a hard time making long­term decisions.In my research，I've learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers，which can impede us in making long­term choices.”可知，人们很难做出长期的决定因为人们发现很难与遥远的自己联系起来。故选D。 答案　D 6．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry from” mean in paragraph 3? A．contradictory to B．very different from C．not as convenient as D．less popular than 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段“In my research，I've learnt that we often imagine our future selves like strangers，which can impede us in making long­term choices.”以及第三段“having people engage in an imagined conversation”“actually meeting one's future self”可知，人们发现很难与遥远的自己联系起来，即让人们参与想象中的对话与真正见到未来的自己是非常不同的情况。故选B。 答案　B 7．Which question would the author most likely ask his future self? A．Why hasn't my hard work ever paid off? B．What can AI do to help people become better persons? C．If given the chance，what would you have done differently? D．How can I succeed without going through all the difficulties in life? 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“I realized，through thorough reflections，that the most powerful questions would be ones that helped me make better choices today —questions exploring personal growth，regrets and unfulfilled actions.”可知，作者最有可能问未来的自己：如果有机会，你会做些什么不同的事？故选C。 答案　C 8．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A．Time travel：What if you met your future self? B.My research：How do people view their future selves? C．Emotional gap：Why can't we talk with our future selves? D．Artificial intelligence：Is it possible to meet your future self? 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段“There's a classic short story in which a young man travels years ahead and meets his future self.Narratives like this have always been related to science fiction.But what if you could meet your future self？”结合文章主要内容可知，A选项“时间旅行：如果你遇到了未来的自己该怎么办？”最符合文章标题。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·辽宁省沈阳市高三三模)A 40­year­old man in China found his calling—teaching quantum mechanics (量子力学) on social media—after being unemployed for more than 20 years.Li Wei，from Qinghai Province in northwestern China，became __1__ for teaching science in an easy­to­understand way on his social media account. Such is his popularity，he has __2__ 1.8 million followers.“I don't like __3__ people，” Li said.He __4__ a bachelor's degree in law 20 years ago，but he did not find __5__ in that field because of his personality.“I suffered a great failure，” he said.The turning point in his __6__ came two years ago when he __7__ his friend in the photovoltaic (光伏电池的) business and was __8__ to find that lots of people have no knowledge of the technology. Photovoltaic __9__ a special electrical system that produces energy from a __10__ and inexhaustible source，usually the sun.With a strong __11__ to help people understand，Li came up with the idea of creating clips to teach science using simple everyday words __12__ of terms.As he created more teaching videos，he began to realize he was good at it and __13__ his subjects to include quantum mechanics and life sciences.Despite experiencing a series of failures，he finally found his __14__．It's never too __15__ to do what we enjoy. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述的是中国一名40岁的男子李巍在失业20多年后找到了自己的使命——在社交媒体上教授量子力学。 1．A.evident　　　　　　 B．attractive C．effective D．popular 解析　根据后文“Such is his popularity”可知，李巍在社交媒体上变得受欢迎。故选D。 答案　D 2．A.accumulated B．told C．urged D．admired 解析　根据“1.8 million followers”可知，他已经积累了180万粉丝。故选A。 答案　A 3．A.listening to B．waiting for C．dealing with D．talking about 解析　根据后文“in that field because of his personality”可知，李巍因为性格原因没有找到工作，推测他不喜欢和人打交道。故选C。 答案　C 4．A.needed B．gained C．offered D．refused 解析　根据“a bachelor's degree in law 20 years ago”可知，他20年前获得了法学学士学位。故选B。 答案　B 5．A.employment B．experts C．information D．applications 解析　根据上文“after being unemployed for more than 20 years”可知，由于他的个性，他没有在那个领域找到工作。故选A。 答案　A 6．A.game B．career C．relationship D．growth 解析　根据上文“after being unemployed for more than 20 years”可知，他由于个性的原因，职业遭遇了失败，而职业生涯的转折点出现在两年前。故选B。 答案　B 7．A.left B．saved C．joined D．believed 解析　根据“his friend in the photovoltaic business”可知，他加入了朋友的光伏行业。故选C。 答案　C 8．A.anxious B．horrified C．surprised D．eager 解析　根据“to find that lots of people have no knowledge of the technology”可知，他惊讶地发现很多人对这项技术一无所知。故选C。 答案　C 9．A.results in B．responds to C．looks for D．refers to 解析　“a special electrical system”是解释光伏发电。故选D。 答案　D 10．A.strange B．reputable C．secret D．renewable 解析　根据“and inexhaustible source，usually the sun”可知，太阳能是可再生能源。故选D。 答案　D 11．A.desire B．tradition C．character D．knowledge 解析　根据“to help people understand”可知，他渴望帮助人们了解这个行业。故选A。 答案　A 12．A.full B．free C．true D．aware 解析　根据“using simple everyday words”可知，李巍想出了用简单的日常词汇，即没有术语，制作科学视频的想法。短语free of表示“没有……的”。故选B。 答案　B 13．A.introduced B．expanded C．found D．chose 解析　根据“he began to realize he was good at it and”可知，他开始意识到自己很擅长，并扩大了科目范围。故选B。 答案　B 14．A.caring B．ending C．setting D．calling 解析　呼应上文“A 40­year­old man in China found his calling”，指他最终还是找到了自己的使命。故选D。 答案　D 15．A.late B．busy C．good D．easy 解析　根据“to do what we enjoy”可知，做我们喜欢的事永远不会太晚。故选A。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$