课时检测训练18 必修第三册 Unit 6 Disaster and hope(Word练习)- 【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版2019）

课时检测训练18　必修第三册　Unit 6　Disaster and hope 对应学生用书P324 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·内蒙古包头市高三三模)As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance，the universe is actually filled with imbalance，too.Let's take the supernova(超新星)for example.Two stars orbit each other.One of the stars is older，called a “white dwarf”，while the other star is a bit younger.Their mutual gravitational interaction(相互引力相互作用)pulls material off the younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.If enough material falls onto the dwarf，the stuff dumped on to the white dwarf begins to “burn”． If the conditions are right，you always burn up the same amount of material that gets added.If the_donor_star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf，the burning runs out of control.It consumes not just the new material on the white dwarf's surface but the whole of the dwarf star itself.So much energy is released so quickly that the star finds itself wildly out of balance.In an instant，it becomes a super­hot ball of unbalanced pressure，BOOM! A supernova is born. Closer to home，a similar but different kind of process happens in volcanoes.Volcanoes are born when magma(熔岩)from deep in the Earth makes its way slowly to the surface through cracks in the planet's crust(地壳).The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure imbalance inside the mountain.It's that imbalance that drives the BOOM，the volcanic eruption that rips a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky. But here's the thing：Supernova，volcanoes and all those other explosions in the universe are not just awesome sights.They are all essential players in cosmic(宇宙的)evolution.Supernovas create a lot of the elements in your body that are essential to life.No supernova，no you.And volcanoes are essential to evolution of the planet，including the cycling of greenhouse gases like CO2 that make Earth habitable.No volcanoes，no you. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。 1．What does the underlined phrase “the donor star” refer to in paragraph 2? A．The younger star. B．The older star. C．The supernova. D．The white dwarf. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第一段中“One of the stars is older，called a ‘white dwarf’，while the other star is a bit younger.Their mutual gravitational interaction(相互引力相互作用)pulls material off the younger star and dumps it onto the surface of the white dwarf.”可知，稍年轻一些的恒星上的物质会因为相互引力作用而被倾倒在白矮星的表面上，再结合画线词所在句“If the donor star is dumping too much material onto the dwarf”可知，此处的the donor star“供体恒星”指的是上文提到的稍年轻一些的恒星。故选A。 答案　A 2．What factor leads to both the birth of supernovas and volcanic eruption? A．Hot magma. B．Burning material. C．Unbalanced pressure. D．Gravitational interaction. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段中“So much energy is released so quickly that the star finds itself wildly out of balance.In an instant，it becomes a super­hot ball of unbalanced pressure，BOOM! A supernova is born.”和第三段中“The heat from the magma builds up a massive pressure imbalance inside the mountain.It's that imbalance that drives the BOOM，the volcanic eruption that rips a zillion tons of rocks away and sends ash 15 miles into the sky.”可知，压力不平衡导致了超新星的诞生和火山的爆发。故选C。 答案　C 3．What can we learn about the explosions in the universe in the last paragraph? A．They evolve as players. B．They create human bodies. C．They are awesome sights. D．They are necessary to life. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“But here's the thing：Supernova，volcanoes and all those other explosions in the universe are not just awesome sights…No volcanoes，no you.”可知，宇宙中的爆炸是宇宙进化的重要参与者，超新星为人体创造了许多生命所必需的元素，火山爆发促进了地球上温室气体的循环。由此可知，这些爆炸是生命所必需的。故选D。 答案　D 4．In which section of a website can you find this passage? A．Profile. B．Science. C．Health. D．Economy. 解析　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“As much as we like to think about nature embodying balance，the universe is actually filled with imbalance，too.”可知，文章主要以超新星的诞生和火山爆发为例介绍了宇宙中不平衡的现象，这些爆炸不仅是令人敬畏的景象，也是宇宙进化的重要参与者，是生命所必需的。因此，文章属于科学范畴，可能出自网站的科学部分。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·辽宁省盘锦市高三一模)When Hurricane Ian made landfall on the southwest Florida coast as a Category 4 storm，it brought strong winds and heavy rain.It was a deadly hurricane，attacking more than four million people，and causing serious flooding and at least 150 deaths.However，during the disaster，there was one innovative community that weathered the storm well：Babcock Ranch，the brainchild of Syd Kitson. Located 30 miles inland，Babcock Ranch is an environmentally friendly and fully sustainable town that Syd Kitson and his partners hoped would be hurricane proof.Its homes are built to go through severe weather without losing essential services like electricity，water，or the Internet.A significant factor in its design is that power and Internet lines are buried to avoid wind damage.Additionally，large ponds surround the development to protect houses from flooding.As a backup，streets are designed to absorb floodwaters and spare the houses. Central to Babcock Ranch's sustainability is its extensive use of solar energy.The community possesses an 870­acre solar farm with 700，000 individual panels operated by Florida Power & Light，capable of powering 30，000 homes—far more than the 5，000 residents currently living there.At night and on cloudy days，a natural gas generator kicks in to fill the gap. Hurricane Ian served as a true test for the community.While the surrounding regions suffered，Babcock Ranch's minimum damage and quick recovery showcased its effective design against natural disasters.Residents even opened their community center，doubling as a storm shelter，to the victims from other hard­hit communities. Kitson's vision for Babcock Ranch is not just about creating a sustainable and resilient(适应性强的)community but also about learning and improving.He hopes that the lessons learned from Babcock Ranch can be applied to other developments，contributing to more climate­resilient communities across the United States.This approach reflects a growing awareness of the need for sustainable and resilient urban planning in the face of increasing climate challenges. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个经受住飓风考验的牧场——巴布科克牧场。 5．What does the underlined word “weathered” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Predicted. B．Changed. C．Ignored. D．Survived. 解析　词义猜测题。根据前文“It was a deadly hurricane，attacking more than four million people，and causing serious flooding and at least 150 deaths.”可知，这场飓风造成了严重的破坏，由However可知，前后文是转折关系，因此推断画线句“during the disaster，there was one innovative community that weathered the storm well：Babcock Ranch，the brainchild of Syd Kitson.”说明这个社区幸存下来，没有受到破坏。故选D。 答案　D 6．What do we know about Babcock Ranch from the text? A．Its streets allow houses the capability to take in floodwaters. B．Its design guarantees availability of power in the hurricane. C．Its solar farm lacks the ability of producing sufficient power. D．Its main source of electricity supply is provided by natural gas. 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段的“Its homes are built to go through severe weather without losing essential services like electricity，water，or the Internet.”可知，它的设计保证了飓风中电力的可用性。故选B。 答案　B 7．What is the central theme of the fourth paragraph? A．Babcock Ranch's community and social life. B．Babcock Ranch's future expansion strategies. C．Babcock Ranch's resistance to natural disasters. D．Babcock Ranch's novel technological innovations. 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段“Hurricane Ian served as a true test for the community.While the surrounding regions suffered…to the victims from other hard­hit communities.”可知，本段讲述了巴布科克牧场经受住了这场飓风的考验，并帮助其他社区，因此推断本段主要讲述巴布科克牧场对自然灾害的抵抗力。故选C。 答案　C 8．How does Kitson find the future of Babcock Ranch? A．Promising. B．Pessimistic. C．Uncertain. D．Doubtful. 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段的“Kitson's vision for Babcock Ranch is not just about creating a sustainable and resilient(适应性强的)community but also about learning and improving.He hopes that the lessons learned from Babcock Ranch can be applied to other developments，contributing to more climate­resilient communities across the United States.”可知，基特森对巴布科克牧场的未来充满希望。故选A。 答案　A Ⅱ.七选五 (2024·黑龙江省双鸭山市高三临考预测押题密卷)Wildfires are common nowadays.Lightning，campfires，power lines or other sources may lead to big wildfires.__1__ But when they break out on populated places，wildfires can endanger human lives and property. Still，wildfires have always been a part of some forest ecosystems.__2__ For one thing，wildfires can get rid of trespassers(入侵者).The native animals often know how to escape a wildfire.But harmful species may not，so they could get wiped out. Fires can prevent trees from overcrowding each other，which allows smaller plants and animals that need sunlight to grow below.Plus，wildfires burn up a lot of leaf litter，pine needles and other dead matter on the ground.This clears out junk that may stop new plants from growing and releases nutrition back into the soil.__3__ There are also species that have evolved(进化)to depend on regular wildfires.Banksia trees in Australia，for instance，only release their seeds in the heat of a wildfire.__4__ And birds such as the black­backed woodpecker prefer to live in recently burned areas，because newly burnt trees may offer easy access to a feast of insects. __5__ They set these fires only in areas and under weather conditions where they're sure they can control the flames.Specific burns are meant to provide the benefits of natural，low­intensity fires.So，one important way to protect against fires is professionals setting them. A．The leaf litter can fuel more dangerous wildfires. B．These trees need fires if they are to produce more trees. C．They might cause more fires that could threaten wildlife. D．As a result，fire experts start fires in certain places regularly. E．They mainly destroy natural areas，such as forests and grasslands. F．And regular burns can be vital for keeping those ecosystems healthy. G．Importantly，it also prevents the buildup of dead matter that catches fire easily. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了野火的一些益处。 1．解析　根据上文“Lightning，campfires，power lines or other sources may lead to big wildfires.”可知，选项承接上文说明野火的破坏性。E项“它们主要破坏自然区域，如森林和草原。”切题。故选E。 答案　E 2．解析　根据上文“Still，wildfires have always been a part of some forest ecosystems.”可知，选项承接上文说明野火对生态系统是有益处的。F项“定期燃烧对保持这些生态系统的健康至关重要。”切题。而下文“For one thing，wildfires can get rid of trespassers(入侵者).”是对上文的具体说明。故选F。 答案　F 3．解析　根据上文“This clears out junk that may stop new plants from growing and releases nutrition back into the soil.”可知，选项与上文为递进关系，说明野火的作用。G项“重要的是，它还可以防止容易着火的死物质的堆积。”切题。故选G。 答案　G 4．解析　根据上文“Banksia trees in Australia，for instance，only release their seeds in the heat of a wildfire.”可知，选项承接上文继续说明野火与树生长之间的关系。B项“如果这些树要长出更多的树，它们就需要火。”切题。故选B。 答案　B 5．解析　根据下文“They set these fires only in areas and under weather conditions where they're sure they can control the flames.”可知，空处承接下文说的是消防专家经常在某些地方放火。start fires 呼应set these fires。D项“因此，消防专家经常在某些地方纵火。”切题。故选D。 答案　D Ⅲ.语法填空 (2024·湘豫名校联考高三四模)China，the ancient civilization famous for its engineering skills，has added four more of its irrigation projects 1.________the World Heritage Irrigation Structures(WHIS)list，thus 2.________(increase)its total number of listed projects to 34.The new additions include the Oimenyan Irrigation System，the Hongze Lake Irrigation System，the Huoquan Spring Irrigation System，and the Baini Weirs.These projects are 3.________(wide)known for their historical value and scientific experience，and 4.________(be)a testament(证明)of China's rich heritage and widespread distribution of irrigation engineering. The Qimenyan Irrigation System in Anhui Province，is a wonder dating back to the Western Han Dynasty.For over 2，000 years，it has been a 5.________(rely)source of irrigation and flood control.The Hongze Lake Irrigation System located in Jiangsu Province 6.________(use)for irrigation and farming since the Eastern Han Dynasty.The Huoquan Spring Irrigation System in Shanxi Province boasts a history of nearly 1，400 years.It serves multiple purposes，7.________include irrigation，water supply，ecology，and tourism.The Baini Weirs in Hubei Province continue to function in irrigation，flood control，drought relief，and water supply. The WHIS list is a globally 8.________(recognize) platform by the International Commission on Irrigation and Drainage(ICID )，9.________international organization established in 1950.The ICID promotes scientific and technological exchanges on irrigation and flood control.With the 10.________(late)additions，the WHIS list now has a total of 159 projects across the globe. [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年第十批世界灌溉工程遗产名录公布，中国安徽七门堰调蓄灌溉系统、江苏洪泽古灌区、山西霍泉灌溉工程、湖北崇阳县白霓古堰4个工程全部入选。 1．解析　考查介词。add…to…“把……添加到……”，所以此处为介词to。故填to。 答案　to 2．解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作结果状语，用现在分词形式。故填increasing。 答案　increasing 3．解析　考查副词。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词widely作状语修饰谓语。故填widely。 答案　widely 4．解析　考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，结合上下文时态可知，为一般现在时，主语是These projects。故填are。 答案　are 5．解析　考查形容词。由空后source为名词可知，此处用形容词作定语修饰该名词。故填reliable。 答案　reliable 6．解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处为谓语动词，use与主语之间是动宾关系，并根据since the Eastern Han Dynasty，可知用现在完成时的被动语态形式。故填has been used。 答案　has been used 7．解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词purposes在从句中作主语。故填which。 答案　which 8．解析　考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰platform，platform和recognize为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填recognized/ recognised。 答案　recognized/ recognised 9．解析　考查冠词。此处表示泛指“一个国际组织”，结合international为元音音素开始发音单词，所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 答案　an 10．解析　考查形容词。由空后additions为名词可知，此处为形容词latest“最近的”作定语修饰该名词。故填latest。 答案　latest 写作规范练(三) 第一节 (满分15分) (2024·辽宁省凌源市高三三模)请你以自己在上周末参加的社会实践活动为写作话题，写一篇英语短文向英语校刊投稿，内容包括： 1．介绍你的社会实践经历； 2．参加活动的感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 My Last Weekend's Social Practice Experience ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ One possible version： My_Last_Weekend's_Social_Practice_Experience Last weekend，I took part in a social practice activity organized by a local charity organization.We visited the elderly living alone in the community and spent time chatting with them，helping them with daily chores，and organizing small cultural activities to bring them joy. My experience during this activity was both eye­opening and heartwarming.I had the chance to interact with the elderly，listen to their life stories，and understand the challenges they face. Overall，participating in this social practice activity last weekend left a lasting impact on me.I believe that such experiences not only benefit those we help but also enrich our own lives in meaningful ways. 第二节 (满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2024·黑龙江省大庆市高三一模)One September day，I volunteered at the Massachusetts animal shelter.My heart sank as I heard a slight meow from an abandoned cat carrier by the door.I opened it and took the cat in my arms.Immediately，she buried her face into my arms，her skinny body shaking，but she didn't escape as if she knew I was there to help. The doctor estimated her age to be about six.Although weak and underweight，she could return to normal with care.Unfortunately，she tested positive for feline leukemia(猫白血病)，which is infectious with only a bite，without cure.Though infected cats can also live normal，happy lives，the doctor regretfully announced she was “unfit for groups”．The only choice was for a volunteer to adopt her. Already having four cats，I had determined not to put them through the stress of learning to live with a new member.Plus，I had agreed with my husband that we had reached the animal limit.Nevertheless，I took her home anyway and quarantined(隔离)her in a spare room. The first few nights were difficult.I spent as much time as I could with her.Gradually，she seemed to accept her fate and waited every morning for me.Her appetite returned and soon she looked quite healthy again.Before long，this cat began walking around the room as if she owned it—like a little princess，so “Princess” she was named. Nine long months passed.While I tried to find her a home where she could be the only cat，it was fruitless and we finally accepted her presence. Summer arrived.Every year，one shelter volunteer hosts a party.It was my turn that year.About thirty volunteers and their guests enjoyed barbecuing and sharing animal stories.Everyone wanted to see “the cat in the room”，so Princess received more than her share of attention.Jody，the Sunday morning volunteer，arrived and introduced her fiancé，Eric.We chatted for a while.Eric mentioned he once lost a cat named Queen，and was also quite interested in Princess. 注意：1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 I was totally unprepared for what happened next. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ It turned out that Princess—I mean Queen—was lost when Eric was moving here. ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 写作思路： [故事梗概]　作者救助了一只感染猫白血病的猫并取名为 “公主”，在一次聚会中，这只猫与一位志愿者的未婚夫埃里克相遇，最后发现这只猫是埃里克丢失的 “女王”。 [续写思路] ①由第一段首句“我完全没料到接下来会发生的事情。” 可知，第一段可描写猫对埃里克的特殊反应以及埃里克的激动表现和作者的困惑。 ②由第二段首句“原来，‘公主’——我是说‘女王’——是埃里克搬到这里的时候丢失的。” 可知，第二段可描写猫丢失的经过，埃里克最终带走猫以及作者的感受。 One possible version： I_was_totally_unprepared_for_what_happened_next. Princess walked to him as usual，but there was obviously something special about Eric.With affection，she looked up at him，rubbed against his leg，and refused to leave him.Lifting her up，Eric said，“This is my cat”，his voice trembling with excitement.Feeling totally at a loss，I was speechless for a long while.Noticing my confusion and the awkward silence，Eric began to explain his remark to me patiently.It felt like a century to me before I finally grasped what he said. It_turned_out_that_Princess—I_mean_Queen—was_lost_when_Eric_was_moving_here. Raised strictly indoors due to the virus，the cat was so frightened when taken out that she ran away.Of course，Eric was heartbroken and tried every means to find her，but all in vain.It was like the cat just disappeared into thin air.Gradually，Eric accepted the reality，so he was completely unprepared for the reunion that day.The next day，Eric took Queen away.I almost cried.Looking back，I waited almost a year for a miracle to happen，but it was worth the effort. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$