课时检测训练15 必修第三册 Unit 3 The world of science(Word练习)- 【勤径学升】2026年高考英语一轮总复习课时检测训练（外研版2019）

课时检测训练15　必修第三册　Unit 3　The world of science 对应学生用书P317 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2024·黑龙江省九师联盟高三三模)American companies have learned to love renewable resources.Now，they are beginning to get involved in next­generation climate solutions. An advanced geothermal(地热的)project supported by Google began generating electricity last week，a big step in seeking for technology that can affordably fill gaps in wind and solar generation with carbon­free power.The pilot project in northern Nevada uses drilling and fracking(水力压裂法)techniques employed by the oil and gas industry to get heat from Earth to generate power. Geothermal technology has long been viewed as a potential way to tap the natural heat of Earth to make carbon­free power.But it has traditionally been limited to locations where there are natural underground lakes of hot water，which are hard to access.In 2021，geothermal energy accounted for less than half a percent of America's power generation. Fervo Energy，a Houston­based startup gives an answer—to use drilling and fracking techniques. In Nevada，the company drilled two wells to a depth of about 8，000 feet and then extended them horizontally(水平地)for more than 3，000 feet.Then Fervo injected(注入)cold water under high pressure to cause the rock between the wells to be fracked，creating fractures(裂缝).Water is then pumped into the first well，absorbing heat as it flows through the fractures and returning to the surface via the second well at temperatures high enough to make steam and spin an engine. The project represents a convergence of two companies' climate ambitions.Fervo had sought to apply advances in oil and gas drilling to geothermal technology.But finding financing to prove that the company's technology worked was a challenge.Luckily for Fervo，Google had just started reconsidering it；approach to clean energy around the time when Fervo was looking to test its technology. “The demand for clean，firm power is so urgent，especially now，” said Gabriel Malek，chief of staff at Fervo.“And we're recognizing that the geothermal project is one workable option available to us.It is promising，actually.” [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了谷歌支持的一个先进地热项目上周开始发电，这是在寻找技术方面迈出的一大步，该技术可以用无碳能源填补风能和太阳能发电的空白。 1．What is the problem with geothermal energy? A．It is in little demand. B．It still produces CO2. C．It is not easy to employ. D．It is rarely seen on Earth. 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“Geothermal technology has long been viewed as a potential way to tap the natural heat of Earth to make carbon­free power.But it has traditionally been limited to locations where there are natural underground lakes of hot water，which are hard to access.In 2021，geothermal energy accounted for less than half a percent of America's power generation.”可知，地热能的问题是很难使用。故选C。 答案　C 2．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．How drilling and fracking techniques come. B．How natural heat on Earth comes into being. C．Fervo's solution to pollution caused by energy. D．Fervo's approach to harvesting geothermal energy. 解析　段落大意题。根据第五段“In Nevada，the company drilled two wells to a depth of about 8，000 feet and then extended them horizontally…at temperatures high enough to make steam and spin an engine.”可知，第五段主要讲的是Fervo收集地热能的方法。故选D。 答案　D 3．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “convergence” in paragraph 6? A．Source. B．Barrier. C．Combination. D．Shift. 解析　词义猜测题。根据第六段中“Fervo had sought to apply advances in oil and gas drilling to geothermal technology.But finding financing to prove that the company's technology worked was a challenge.Luckily for Fervo，Google had just started reconsidering it；approach to clean energy around the time when Fervo was looking to test its technology.”可知，提到Fervo和谷歌这两家公司的技术上的互动和结合，此处表示该项目体现了两家公司在气候方面的融合。故选C。 答案　C 4．What do Gabriel Malek's words suggest? A．His company has self­funded the project. B．He is hopeful about the geothermal project. C．He promises to provide clean power for free. D．His company cooperates with many businesses. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘The demand for clean，firm power is so urgent，especially now，’ said Gabriel Malek，chief of staff at Fervo.‘And we're recognizing that the geothermal project is one workable option available to us.It is promising，actually.’”可推知，加布里埃尔·马雷克的话暗示了他对地热项目充满希望。故选B。 答案　B B (2024·辽宁省名校联盟高三四模)Scientists have designed plenty of devices that can pick up solid objects.Big mechanical claws can lift cars.Small claws can pluck(摘，拉)prizes from a glass box in an arcade game(街机游戏).But these new pluckers can lift something else entirely—a liquid. Engineers have built the device，which can pick up and move a single drop of liquid.The device is made of two flexible crossed pieces.It is about the size and shape of a finger.Experimental tests showed that the pair can lift up a drop of liquids as small as 2 millimeters(0.08 inch)across. Such a device might help scientists safely handle biological liquids like blood，says Arun Kota.That task could be particularly useful in laboratories where samples are tested for signs of flu or other infectious diseases.Kota is a mechanical engineer at North Carolina State University in Raleigh.He worked on these new devices. The new device combines tech from two fields of engineering.One is soft robotics.Unlike robots made from hard and heavy materials such as metal，soft robots are made from soft stuff.The other field is materials science.“Many materials are repellent to water，but in alcohol or oil they're no longer able to do it，” Kota says.Working with Wei Wang，an engineer in his lab，he developed such materials，which will not let any liquid pass through them. The group completed their design by 2017.Yet cool as it was，it had no obvious use.Xiaoguang Dong，an engineer at Vanderbilt University，doubts whether infectious disease labs are looking for such a device.“To me，this is not really practical，” he says.“The number of droplets that can be lifted is very small.They need independently robotic fingers to lift several droplets.If you want to control hundreds of droplets，how do you do that？” [语篇导读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家设计的一种能够抓取液体的新设备，详细解释了其工作原理和潜在应用，同时也探讨了这种设备的实用性和局限性。 5．Why are the big mechanical claws and small claws mentioned in paragraph 1? A．To introduce the function of the new invention. B.To show the common usage of mechanical tools. C.To give examples of some recent scientific findings. D．To reveal the importance of accurately lifting liquids. 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists have designed plenty of devices that can pick up solid objects.Big mechanical claws can lift cars.Small claws can pluck(摘，拉)prizes from a glass box in an arcade game(街机游戏).But these new pluckers can lift something else entirely—a liquid.”可知，本段提到大机械爪和小机械爪是为了介绍新发明的功能。故选A。 答案　A 6．What does the second paragraph mainly tell us about the new device? A．Its future. B．Its feature. C．Its creator. D．Its principle. 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段“Engineers have built the device，which can pick up and move a single drop of liquid.The device is made of two flexible crossed pieces.It is about the size and shape of a finger.Experimental tests showed that the pair can lift up a drop of liquids as small as 2 millimeters(0.08 inch)across.”可知，本段主要告诉我们关于新设备的功能。故选B。 答案　B 7．What does the underlined word “repellent” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Exposed. B．Resistant. C．Connected. D．Similar. 解析　词义猜测题。根据后文“but in alcohol or oil they're no longer able to do it”以及“Working with Wei Wang，an engineer in his lab，he developed such materials，which will not let any liquid pass through them.”可知，不会让任何液体通过的材料，意味着防水。故选B。 答案　B 8．What improvement should be made to the new device? A．It should be easier to use. B．It should be safer in disease labs. C．It should combine low­cost materials. D．It should carry many more drops of liquid. 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘To me，this is not really practical，’ he says.‘The number of droplets that can be lifted is very small.They need independently robotic fingers to lift several droplets.If you want to control hundreds of droplets，how do you do that？’”可知，新设备应该需要能携带更多的液滴。故选D。 答案　D Ⅱ.完形填空 (2024·广东省茂名市高三一模)The invention of rubber surgical gloves is celebrating its 135th anniversary in 2024! Believe it or not，this little tool __1__ in every doctor's office and hospital was invented out of __2__.In 1889，Dr.William Halsted was in love with the nurse and eventual wife，Carolyn Hampton.__3__，this invention should be named “Rubber Gloves of Love”． Hospital procedures __4__ surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients.Carolyn __5__ severe dermatitis(皮炎)due to the use of mercuric chloride(氯化汞)for disinfection.She was almost about to __6__ but Halsted wanted to keep her near him.To protect her __7__，he thought hard and suddenly，something __8__ him.He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company，asking the engineers there to __9__ thin rubber gloves for Carolyn. __10__ rubber gloves were very different from what we have today，but they proved to be an excellent __11__ to the operating room.The gloves were __12__ well received.Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.It's generally __13__ that now they have many uses，far beyond their original __14__．For example，hairdressers use them to prevent getting poisoned by dyes and solutions used in their business. Whenever I see gloves anywhere，I couldn't help but think of this __15__ of inventing the “rubber gloves of love”． [语篇导读]　本文是一篇记叙文。如今橡胶手套在医院随处可见，文章主要讲述了这个发明背后是一个关于丈夫对妻子的爱的故事。 1．A.seen B．made C．tested D．confirmed 解析　根据“in every doctor's office and hospital”可知，在医生的办公室和医院都能看见橡胶手套。故选A。 答案　A 2．A.sympathy B．love C．curiosity D．thankfulness 解析　根据下文“Rubber Gloves of Love”可知，这个工具是出于爱而发明的。故选B。 答案　B 3．A.Instead B．Besides C．Indeed D．Otherwise 解析　橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而发明的，所以“的确”应该被命名为“爱的橡胶手套”。故选C。 答案　C 4．A.allow B．cause C．promise D．require 解析　根据“surgical personnel to wash and disinfect their hands before interacting with patients”可知，外科人员被要求与病人接触前洗手消毒。故选D。 答案　D 5．A.developed B．discovered C．controlled D．cured 解析　根据“severe dermatitis due to the use of mercuric chloride for disinfection”可知，卡罗琳患上了皮炎。故选A。 答案　A 6．A.succeed B．graduate C．resign D．retire 解析　上文“severe dermatitis”提到她患了严重的皮炎，无法工作，所以几乎快要辞职了。故选C。 答案　C 7．A.achievement B．courage C．legs D．hands 解析　根据上文“wash and disinfect their hands”可知，是手得了皮炎，因此要保护手。故选D。 答案　D 8．A.happened to B．occurred to C．answered for D．waited for 解析　根据下文“He contacted the Goodyear Rubber Company，asking the engineers there to”可知，他想出了主意，occurred to sb.表示“某人突然想到”。故选B。 答案　B 9．A.check B．clean C．count D．fashion 解析　根据“thin rubber gloves for Carolyn”可知，丈夫联系了公司为妻子制作橡胶手套。故选D。 答案　D 10．A.Original B．New C．Extra D．Regular 解析　根据“rubber gloves were very different from what we have today”可知，最初的橡胶手套与我们今天使用的不同。故选A。 答案　A 11．A.response B．attitude C．sensitivity D．addition 解析　根据“to the operating room”以及常识可知，手术室里离不开橡胶手套，即它们被证明是手术室的一个补充。故选D。 答案　D 12．A.usually B．actually C．carefully D．nearly 解析　根据下文“Many other personnel began wearing the gloves.”可知，实际上手套很受欢迎。故选B。 答案　B 13．A.said B．known C．reported D．announced 解析　根据“now they have many uses”以及句意可知，此处为句型It's generally known that…表示“众所周知……”。故选B。 答案　B 14．A.belief B．identity C．purpose D．quality 解析　根据“now they have many uses，far beyond their original”可知，橡胶手套如今用途多了，超出了最初的用途。故选C。 答案　C 15．A.story B．record C．work D．memory 解析　根据“of inventing the ‘rubber gloves of love’”以及上文讲述了橡胶手套是因为丈夫对妻子的爱而发明的可知，此处表示想起这个发明背后的故事。故选A。 答案　A 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$