专题01 2025全国一卷阅读理解A篇 (解读+技巧+变式) -2025年高考英语真题题型解读与考后提升

《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题01 全国一卷阅读理解A篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 原卷版 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ( 目录导航 ) ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：应用文,人与社会,交通运输领域碳排放,加快绿色能源发展 A The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. ( 权威评价哪家 ) 关注全球议题，拓展国际视野 试题选取的语篇材料话题丰富，涉及气候变化、粮食危机、微塑料污染、交通领域碳排放等全球性问题，引导学生从人类命运共同体的视角深入思考问题。全国二卷阅读D篇通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴的案例，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。全国一卷阅读A篇探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题，通过数据对比和利弊分析指出未来能源改革的方向，强调加快绿色能源的发展。这些语篇材料通过“指出问题—分析问题—探索方案”的逻辑方法论，引导学生在阅读中培养全球视野，提升逻辑推理能力，强化对全球性问题的认知，培养人类命运共同体意识。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 ( 解题指导 ) ( 6 年高考真题应用文考点 解读 ) 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025全国一卷 人与社会 2018年交通运输领域的碳排放 2025全国二卷 人与社会 介绍英国风景各异英格兰小镇 2025八省联考卷 人与自然 英国东约克郡的四个景点介绍 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 保护生态栖息地恢复小组细节 2024新课标II卷 人与自然 参加卡洛秋季徒步节几种方案 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 艺术节艺术展览艺术制作活动 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 自行车租赁和雇佣导游的细节 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自然 黄石国家公园提供护林员项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍了文学概论课程评分办法 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 提供儿童发现博物馆的团队游 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍Cardiff当地剧院娱乐场所 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍罗马价格低安全舒适旅馆 2021新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 介绍今年夏天约克郡四个活动 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍摄影比赛Take a view概况 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 介绍一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事 2020全国II卷 人与自然 介绍景点特色及地点和参观时间 2020全国III卷 人与社会 介绍四个国家回顾过去著名景点 ( 阅读理解 应用文满分 作答解题技巧 ) 一、材料特点 综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 二、形式特点 做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 三、用词特点 广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 四、命题特点 广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 五、解题策略 1.先题后文：先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。 2.原文定位：根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。 3.淡化生词：遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。 五、实用妙招 1.阅读理解应用文细节理解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.数据计算题注重“原文定位”“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 3.文章出处题注意利用首尾段相关关键词作答。同时关注选项的差异。 4.写作意图题要结合试题内容类型，尤其是首尾段做出合理推测判断。 5.写作对象题需要结合首尾段关键信息，对象可能是家长、游客等等。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1. globe n. 地球；世界→adj. 全 球 的 2. power n. 力量；电力；权力 →adj. 强大的；强有力的 3. sustain vt. 维持；支撑；承受→ adj. 可持续的 4. exist v. 存在 →adj. 现有的 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 →adv. 幸运地 6. analysis sing. 分析→pl. 分析 7. develop vt. 发展；开发 →n. 发展；开发 8. percent n. 百分比 →n. 百分比率 9. comparative adj. 相对的→adv. 相对地 10. consume vt.吃喝；消费 →n. 吃喝；消费 11. efficient adj.高效的 →n. 效率 12. afford vt.支付；承受的起→adj. 负担得起的 二、识词知意 1. automobile /ˈɔːtəməbiːl/ n. 2. emission /iˈmɪʃn/ n. 3. decarbonize /ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ v. 4. particular /pəˈtɪkjələr/ adj. 5. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːrˈteɪʃn/ n. 6. quarter /ˈkwɔːrtər/ n. 7. energy-related adj. 8. breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ n. 9. mode /moʊd/ n. 10. vehicle /ˈviːɪkl/ n. 11. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒər/ n. 12. shipping /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/ n. 13. fuel /fjuːəl/ n. v. 14. lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ adj. 15. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 16. sector /ˈsektər/ n. 17. aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ n. 18. long-term /ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/ adj. 19. option /ˈɑːpʃn/ n. 20. recycled /ˌriːˈsaɪkld/ adj. 21. battery /ˈbætəri/ n. 22. energy-efficient adj. 23. system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 24. solid-state adj. 25. electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ v. 26. wire /waɪər/ n. 27. ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ v. 28. transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n. 29. mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 30. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 31. double /ˈdʌbl/ adj. v. n. 32. renewable /rɪˈnuːəbl/ adj. n. 33. regarding /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/ prep. 三、高频语块 1. be responsible for 2. accounts for 3. greenhouse gas emissions 4. synthetic hydrocarbons 5. electric cars 6. plug into 7. on a single charge 8. hydrogen fuel cell 9. liquid ammonia 10. renewable energy 11. be up to 12. speed up 13. green energy 四、长难句分析 1. Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. 翻译： 分析： 2. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is“a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 翻译： 分析： ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、阅读理解数据计算题3篇 1【2025浙江1月卷】Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries – the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 22. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 2【2025八省联考卷】 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. 3【2023新课标I卷】Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 变式二、环保主题类应用文真题3篇 1【2024新课标I卷】 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00am-1:00pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00am-2:30pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30am-2:30pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 2【2024新课标II卷】 Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 21. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 23. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 3【2023新课标II卷】 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 变式三、图表类阅读理解模拟6篇 1（2017·全国I卷）A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇×5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A．It’s delicate. B．It’s expensive. C．It’s complex. D．It’s portable. 2．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still. C．The hole. D．The cup. 3．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A．Dig a hole of a certain size. B．Put the cup in place. C．Weight the sheet’s center down. D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 4．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________. A．the plastic tube B．outside the hole C．the open air D．beneath the sheet 2（2025·江苏·模拟预测） Paying for Your Education At New York University (NYU), we don’t want money to stand in the way of your success. That’s why many of our students receive some form of financial assistance to help pay for their education . As a student at NYU, you will likely access one or more types of financial aid that include: scholarships, grants () and work-study grants. How Aid Is Awarded     Whatever your financial situation, you can apply for financial aid. For students who file on time, NYU will provide all the financial help that you need based on your family’s ability to pay, which is figured out from the information record on the CSS Profile. When we work out how much help you need, we also take into account whether you can get other grants and find employment. Deadlines and Applications     To be considered for need-based aid,you must file all financial aid applications on time. The majority of undergraduate students who apply for financial aid receive need-based aid. Deadlines and requirements change depending on whether you’re applying as an early decision or regular decision through the SPS Division of Applied Undergraduate Studies, or as a student receiving a second bachelors (学士) degree. For more information about the requirements and the types of financial aid you may be able to receive, please click your admission type below. 1．How much can a student get from research scholarships on average? A．About $71,128. B．About $37,000. C．About $3,000 D．About $900. 2．Which factor might affect NYU’s financial aid amount for a student? A．The family income. B．The obtained grants. C．The job experiences. D．The academic record. 3．What do we know about the requirements for financial aid? A．They are divided into four sorts B．They are adjusted for everyone. C．They vary with admission types. D．They depend on need-based aid 3（2024·江西赣州·二模）Green Haven Heightening Environmental Awareness About Green Haven… ● Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts. ● Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. ● We believe that everyone can achieve this through hands-on activities. How Green Haven is fun for everyone! To ensure that Green Haven never loses its appeal for visitors of all ages, the informative audio-visual displays and interactive activities — housed in different booths and zones — are replaced on a monthly basis. Green Haven MembershipSign up to become a member of Green Haven! Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door General informationOpening hours: 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. (Monday to Friday)    9 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Saturday) Address: 1 Maple Road, Singapore 123456 Admission fee: $10 (for anyone over the age of 12)    $5 (for children aged 5 to 12) 1．Which of the following is true about Green Haven? A．It makes visitors aware of virtual activities. B．It raises awareness of environmental issues. C．It can help us equipped with an inquiring mind. D．It replaces some displays and activities once a week. 2．What will you enjoy if you are a member of Green Haven? A．Discounts at all of its booths. B．A free visit to Green Haven. C．Admission ticket discounts. D．Free admission for kids aged 5. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To draw visitors to Green Haven. B．To attract visitors to the Green Cafe. C．To help visitors get around Green Haven. D．To show visitors what Green Haven looks like. 4（24-25高一下·安徽·阶段练习）It goes without saying that sitting at a desk for most of the day will hurt our health. I’d like to show some of exercise equipment suitable for the office. ★Under-desk Elliptical Keeping your feet in motion while seated can reduce stress and increase your productivity. Pros & Cons •Easy to carry like a briefcase •Whisper quiet and easy to use •The rubber around the metal bar can wear out over time. ★Fitness Tracker What gets measured gets managed, and one great way to keep track of your fitness data is a fitness tracker. A fitness tracker records your energy levels, steps, distance, hourly activity and more. Pros & Cons •Very comfortable to wear •Lots of apps can be operated together •Various customized (定制的) options •Sometimes there are connectivity issues. ★Stability Cushion These cushions are excellent to relieve back pain and shoulder aches, stabilize joints (稳定关节) and strengthen muscles. Pros & Cons •Small and lightweight •Works well for lower back and posture •Inflating (充气) isn’t easy for some. ★Balanced Ball Chair Sitting on a balance ball leads to increased energy and productivity. In that way, it’s perfect for completing tasks at home or in the office. This chair improves micro-movements and core strength. Pros & Cons •Easy to build •A great solution if you have back pain •Needs to be reinflated often 1．Which of the following equipment can count your steps? A．Under-desk Elliptical. B．Stability Cushion. C．Fitness Tracker. D．Balanced Ball Chair. 2．What do Stability Cushion and Balanced Ball Chair have in common? A．They are lightweight. B．They are easy to inflate. C．They affect users’ job performance. D．They suit people with back pain. 3．Who are the intended readers of the text? A．Office workers. B．Recovering patients. C．Fitness trainers. D．Furniture designers. 5（24-25高二下·江西赣州·阶段练习）New Scientist is the world’s most popular weekly science and technology publication. Our website, app and print editions cover international news from a scientific standpoint. Highlights: Daily online updates and weekly magazine top picks bring you the latest scientific news, covering everything from artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in health and quantum (量子) physics. Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed. We present readers’ letters, opinions, and articles by editors, offering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpoints on science, culture, and social issues. This section encourages critical thinking and discussion. Subscriber-only Benefits: ·Exclusive (专享的) access to articles with great content ·Priority to travel to sites of scientific importance in US ·Four free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses on science topics ·The latest scientific news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices Best offer Digital access APP+ Website Subscription Unlimited access to newscientist. com Unrestricted access to the app Trial: $10 for 10 weeks Then $49.99 every 3 months Then $99 annually Print and digital access APP+ Website Subscription Unlimited access to newscientist. com Unrestricted access to the app Print edition delivered directly to your door each week Trial: $20 for 10 weeks Then $64.99 every 3 months Then $199 annually 1．What can you find in New Scientist? A．Latest science fiction. B．Beginner-friendly science articles. C．Academic writing guide. D．In-depth art research papers. 2．What is an advantage of being a subscriber? A．Staying informed of updates. B．Taking science tours worldwide. C．Getting free reading devices. D．Attending lectures in universities. 3．How much is the annual subscription for print and digital access after the 10-week trial? A．$99. B．$20. C．$199. D．$64.99. 6（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer. The Time of Watering The best time to water plants is in the morning. This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot. If you water later in the day, the water will just evaporate (蒸发) from the surface. If you water in the evening, the plants stay too wet overnight. The risk of mold, mildew and fungal diseases increases. The Ways of Watering If you water quickly every day, it does not help the roots, which can extend over 30 centimetres into the soil. Water the soil less often, but deeply. Be careful when watering very dry soil as the water will just run off without getting into the soil. Go slow and make sure the water is absorbing. Catch and Reuse Water One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it. Choose Native Plants Drought-resistant plants should not be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered. It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought. They just need regular watering their first two years. After that, they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat. Keep Moisture(水分) In Adding 5 to 8 centimetres of mulch (覆盖物) around the plants can reduce the evaporation of water and reduce weed growth. Make sure the soil is warm before adding the mulch. Create a 7-to-8-centimetre border away from the base of the plants. 1．Which suggestion best reflects the concept of water recycling? A．Keep Moisture In. B．The Time of Watering. C．Choose Native Plants. D．Catch and Reuse Water. 2．What is the biggest benefits of planting local plants? A．Reducing weed growth. B．Being watered freely. C．Tolerance to drought. D．Reducing fungal diseases. 3．Who is the most recommended reader for this article? A．Gardeners. B．Plant experts. C．Environmentalists. D．Landscape architects. 变式三、交通出行类应用文模拟6篇 1（23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service. These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from. GoldenPass Express, Switzerland GoldenPass Express takes passengers from Montreux to Interlaken. It’s a three- hour ride with four departures a day. The heated leather seats can recline (后倾) and rotate (旋转) 180 degrees. They’ re also raised 15 inches higher to boost the views over vineyards, green valleys and blue- ice glaciers. A one- way ticket costs £115. La Dolce Vita, Italy La Dolce Vita train service transports passengers to Italy of the 1960s. There are altogether 30 rooms— plus a bar car where passengers can watch appealing field s fly by as a pianist plays. A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. A one- way ticket starts at £2,140. Spacia X, Japan This train provides a stylish way of making the two- hour journey between Tokyo’s Asakusa station and the city of Nikko. Spacia X also includes comfortable sofas and seats. Passengers can appreciate the scenery as they shoot past mountains, waterfalls and temples. Tickets can be bought online or from any station on the Tobu line. A one- way ticket starts from £7.50. The Vietage, Vietnam The Vietage runs between Da Nang and Quy Nhon in supreme comfort. Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. The ticket price also includes a head-and-shoulder massage (按摩). A one- way ticket is £330. 1．Which of the following makes La Dolce Vita stand out? A．Comfortable seats. B．Various off-board experiences. C．Online ticket booking. D．A head-and-shoulder massage. 2．Which of the rail routes provides a hearty lunch? A．Spacia X, Japan. B．La Dolce Vita, Italy. C．The Vietage, Vietnam. D．GoldenPass Express, Switzerland. 3．What do the four rail routes have in common? A．The travel time. B．The ticket price. C．The superior service. D．The adjustable seats. 2（23-24高二下·重庆·期末）Traveling by train can be a romantic way to see the world. Here are some fantastic train trips to add to your travel bucket list (愿望清单). Eurostar Where it goes: London to/from Paris How long it takes: Two hours and 15 minutes Eurostar is a popular way for folks to get from London to Paris (or vice versa), thanks to its quick travel time, but it has another draw that makes it a great bucket-list train trip. For 20 minutes, you’ll actually be riding 150 feet underwater through the famed English Channel. Glacier Express Where it goes: St. Moritz to Zermatt in the Swiss Alps How long it takes: Seven and a half hours This train ride is a favorite among many, as it’s arguably the best way to experience the Swiss Alps. It gives new meaning to the term “slow travel”, taking over seven hours to pass just 180 miles. Be prepared to ride on 291 bridges and through 91 tunnels. Qingzang Railway Where it goes: Xining to Lhasa How long it takes: 20 hours and 55 minutes Why not start with the world’s highest train ride? The Qingzang Railway climbs to amazing heights of over 5,072meters as it snakes through the Himalayas. The 1,956-kilometer journey passes through different biomes (生物群落区). The views of grasslands, mountain s and deserts along the way are always breathtaking. Trans-Siberian Railway Where it goes: Moscow to Vladivostok How long it takes: Seven days It’s the world’s longest continuous railway, clocking in at 5,772 miles from Moscow to Vladivostok. Along the way, you’ll pass through eight time zones and have plenty of time to see the beautiful Russia n countryside. 1．What is special about Eurostar? A．It stops at different biomes. B．It passes through eight time zones. C．It features an underwater journey. D．It provides slow travel experience. 2．What can passengers do when they ride the Glacier Express? A．They can experience great speed. B．They can appreciate the beautiful Alps C．They can pass through extensive deserts. D．They can start with the world’s highest train ride 3．Which railway is the world’s longest continuous one? A．Trans-Siberian Railway. B．Glacier Express. C．Qingzang Railway. D．Eurostar. 3（2024·四川乐山·三模）We track down some of the world’s greatest rail journeys. The Canadian The trip from Toronto to Vancouver is sleepy 83 hours long — but considering you’ll be winding through snow-capped Rocky Mountains and Canadian Shield forests, the pace suits anyone looking for relaxation, rest and peaceful views. Huge glass windows make the most of the scenery as the train travels across 4,466 km of Canada’s diverse landscape. The Blue Train The train spans 1,600 km of track linking Pretoria with Cape Town. More like a hotel on rails than a train, there are carriages where passengers can rest in comfort and have full-sized baths. The journey takes 27 hours from start to finish and crosses some of the most diverse and picturesque scenery on the African continent. Don’t expect to feel the rush of wind through your hair though, as its average speed is just 57 km/h. The Indian Pacific Departing from Sydney, it takes about 70 hours for the Indian Pacific to cross the Australian continent on its way to Perth. Stopping at the mining town of Broken Hill, Adelaide, and Kalgoorlie you’ll cover 4,352 km at an average speed of 85 km/h. At that rate, you’ll catch the full glory of the sun setting across the horizon on the longest stretch of straight rail track in the world. Travel in spring for the best of Western Australia’s wildflowers. Jinghu High Speed Rail The showcase of China’s modern rail fleet was launched in 2012 and shaves 20 hours off the 1, 303 km trip from Beijing to Shanghai, delivering passengers to their destination in five super-fast hours. It is currently the fastest long-distance passenger train in the world, reaching speeds of 300 km/h. 1．What do the Canadian and the Blue Train have in common? A．They travel in a leisurely pace. B．They both operate in Africa. C．They cross a whole continent. D．They have large windows. 2．What can we learn about the Indian Pacific? A．It covers the longest distance. B．It offers beautiful scenery. C．It provides full - sized baths. D．It only serves in spring. 3．Which of the following train has the fastest speed? A．The Canadian B．The Blue Train C．The Indian Pacific D．Jinghu High Speed Rail 4（23-24高二下·四川广安·阶段练习）Urban Transportation in Canada Public transportation & Transit passes All cities and most major towns in Canada have a public transportation system with one or more modes of transportation(bus, subway, train, etc.). The bus is the most common form of urban transportation in Canada. To use public transportation, you must purchase a ticket or a transit pass. Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period(one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often. Transportation for people with disabilities Public transportation often has features to assist people with disabilities. In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses. You can find out about these services in the same way you would learn more about other public transportation options. Etiquette(礼节)on public transportation When taking public transportation such as a bus or train, it is important to understand the unspoken rules of conduct in the shared space. Here are a few things to note: Be polite and respectful to others around you. For example, maintain an appropriate noise level when talking or making a phone call. If you are carrying a back pack or a large shoulder bag in a crowded public transit vehicle, keep it close to you, preferably at your feet to avoid hitting people with it as you walk by. Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space. Have your proof (证明)of payment accessible in case you are asked to show it. 1．What is the advantage of using transit passes over buying tickets? A．Safer trips. B．Lower costs. C．Longer service time. D．More use of transport. 2．How does the transportation system help people with disabilities? A．By offering fewer transportation options. B．By limiting their mobility on city buses. C．By running special transport services. D．By providing free rides in towns and cities. 3．What is considered impolite on public transportation? A．Staying close to other passengers. B．Placing backpacks at your feet. C．Having your proof of payment at hand. D．Lowering your speaking voice. 变式五、交通科技类高频词汇40例 1. emissions /ɪˈmɪʃnz/ n. 2. decarbonize /diːˈkɑːrbənaɪz/ v. 3. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːrˈteɪʃn/n. 4. mode /moʊd/ n. 5. fuels /ˈfjuːəlz/ n. 6. synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/ adj. 7. hydrocarbons /ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːrbənz/n. 8. aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ n. 9. battery /ˈbætəriz/ n. 10. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 11. hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ n. 12. ammonia /əˈmoʊniə/ n. 13. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 14. transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n. 15. renewable /rɪˈnuːəbl/ adj. 16. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 17. demand /dɪˈmænd/ n. 18. analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 19. solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 20. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 21. lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ adj. 22. safe /seɪf/ adj. 23. existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 24. solid-state /ˈsɑːlɪd steɪt/ adj. 25. electrified /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪd/ adj. 26. redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 27. costly /ˈkɔːstli/ adj. 28. global /ˈɡloʊbl/ adj. 29. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 30. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 31. transport emissions 32. mode of transport 33. synthetic hydrocarbons 34. solid-state batteries 35. hydrogen fuel cells 36. liquid ammonia 37. energy transition 38. renewable energy 39. global demand 40. green energy $$ 《2025年高考英语真题完全解读与考后提升》 专题01全国一卷阅读理解A篇 (解读+技巧+变式) 解析版 ( 目录导航 ) ( 原题呈现 ) 阅读理解关键词：应用文,人与社会,交通运输领域碳排放,加快绿色能源发展 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A The greening of planes, trains and automobiles Moving goods and people around the world is responsible for a large part of global CO2 emissions (排放). As the world races to decarbonize everything, it faces particular problems with transportation — which accounts for about a quarter of our energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. Here’s the breakdown of the emissions in 2018 for different modes of transport. The fuels for transport need to be not just green, cheap and powerful, but also lightweight and safe enough to be carried around. Each mode of transport has its specific fuel needs. Much is still to be settled, but here are some of the solutions to get us going green. PLANES — Synthetic hydrocarbons The hardest sector to decarbonize is aviation. One long-term option for sustainable fuel for planes is to make hydrocarbons from recycled air. CARS — Batteries Batteries are energy-efficient and electric cars can plug into existing systems and services. New solid-state batteries will take a car farther on a single charge. TRAINS — Electricity Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. TRUCKS — Hydrogen fuel cells Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. SHIPS — Liquid ammonia Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is “a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. It’s estimated that the global demand for electricity could more than double by 2050. Fortunately, analyses suggest that renewables are up to the task. “We need to speed up the development of green energy, and it will all get used,” says Wipke. 21. What percentage of global transport emissions did road vehicles account for in 2018? A. 11.6%. B. 45.1%. C. 74.5%. D. 86.1%. 22. Which mode of transport can go green comparatively easily? A. Planes. B. Trucks. C. Trains. D. Ships. 23. What does Wipke suggest regarding energy transition? A. Limiting fuel consumption. B. Putting more effort into renewables. C. Improving energy efficiency. D. Making electricity more affordable. 【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2018年不同交通方式的温室气体排放占比，以及飞机、汽车等各类交通工具的未来绿色燃料路径。 21. 细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。 22. 细节理解题。根据图表信息TRAINS — Electricity部分中“Some trains are already electrified through rails or wires; others can be made electric in pretty simple ways. (一些列车已经通过轨道或电线实现了电气化；其他火车可以通过非常简单的方式实现电动化)”可知，火车相较其他交通方式更易实现绿色化。故选C项。 23. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中““We need to speed up the development of green energy and it will all get used,” says Wipke. (Wipke说：“我们需要加速绿色能源的开发，而且这些能源都会被利用起来。”)”可知，Wipke建议加大对可再生能源的投入，即加大对绿色能源的投入。故选B项。 ( 全文翻译 ) 飞机、火车和汽车的绿色化 在全球范围内运输货物和人员是造成大量二氧化碳排放的主要原因之一。随着世界加速推进各领域的脱碳进程，交通运输领域面临着特殊挑战 —— 其排放量约占与能源相关的温室气体排放总量的四分之一。以下是 2018 年不同交通方式的排放占比细分： 运输燃料不仅需要绿色、廉价、高效，还需具备轻量化和足够的安全性，以便携带。每种交通方式都有其特定的燃料需求。尽管仍有许多问题有待解决，但以下是推动绿色转型的部分解决方案： 飞机 —— 合成碳氢化合物 航空业是最难实现脱碳的领域。飞机可持续燃料的一个长期解决方案，是利用回收空气合成碳氢化合物。 汽车 —— 电池 电池具有能源效率优势，电动汽车可接入现有系统和服务。新型固态电池将使汽车单次充电行驶里程更远。 火车 —— 电力 部分火车已通过铁轨或电线实现电气化；其他火车可通过简单方式改造为电动列车。 卡车 —— 氢燃料电池 对于卡车而言，氢燃料电池比电池更轻便，但生产绿色氢的成本高昂。 船舶 —— 液氨 液氨易于储存和运输，但其难以点燃，需要重新设计发动机。 美国国家可再生能源实验室的机械工程师基思・威普克（Keith Wipke）表示，这一能源转型是全球性的，世界对可再生能源的需求量 “大得令人难以置信”。据估计，到 2050 年，全球电力需求可能增加一倍以上。幸运的是，分析表明可再生能源能够胜任这一任务。威普克称：“我们需要加快绿色能源的开发，而这些能源终将被充分利用。” 语篇解读 关键词 greening, emissions, decarbonize, transportation, energy transition, renewable energy 主旨概要 本文是一篇说明文，文章以“交通领域的绿色化”为核心， 客观介绍了全球交通碳排放的现状，不同交通方式的解决方 案以及能源变革中我们应该努力的方向。 语言知识 原文出处 美国非营利出版物： https://knowablemagazine.org/content/article/technology/2024 /decarbonization-of-transportation-predictions 百科知识 合成碳氢化合物（synthetic hydrocarbon）指通过人工化学方 法，将一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氢气等简单原料转化为由碳和 氢组成的有机化合物。这类技术通常用于替代传统石油资源， 实现能源或化工原料的可持续生产。 氢燃料电池（hydrogen fuel cell）是一种通过电化学反应将氢 气和氧气的化学能直接转化为电能的装置，过程中仅排放水， 无污染，是清洁能源技术的重要发展方向之一。 液氨（liquid ammonia）是氨气在低温或高压下液化形成的无 色液体，具有强烈刺激性气味，是一种重要的化工原料和新 兴的清洁能源载体。 重难点词 greening n 绿色转型（green + -ing）； decarbonize v 脱碳（de-+ carbonize）； greenhouse gas n 温室气体（尤指二氧化碳）； breakdown n [熟词生义] 明细（break + down）； mode n 方式； specific adj 特定的； settle v [熟词生义] 解决（争端、分歧等）； sector n 领域 / 行业； aviation n 航空工业； sustainable adj 可持续的（sustain + -able）； recycled adj 回收的（recycle + -ed）； energy-efficient adj 节能的（energy +efficient）； solid-state adj 固态的（solid + state）； electrify v 使电气化（electric + -fy）； redesign n 重新设计（re- + design）； mind-blowing adj 非常令人吃惊的（mind + blow + -ing）； analysis n 分析 重难点词块 be responsible for 对……负责； account for （数量、比例上）占； plug (sth) into sth （将某物）与某物接通； renewable energy 可再生能源； It is estimated (that) ... 据估计……； up to 达到（某个标准）； speed up （使）加快速度 ( 权威评价哪家 ) 关注全球议题，拓展国际视野 试题选取的语篇材料话题丰富，涉及气候变化、粮食危机、微塑料污染、交通领域碳排放等全球性问题，引导学生从人类命运共同体的视角深入思考问题。全国二卷阅读D篇通过将食材边角料加工成美味佳肴的案例，生动阐释了节约食物和物尽其用的可持续发展理念。全国一卷阅读A篇探讨交通运输领域的碳排放问题，通过数据对比和利弊分析指出未来能源改革的方向，强调加快绿色能源的发展。这些语篇材料通过“指出问题—分析问题—探索方案”的逻辑方法论，引导学生在阅读中培养全球视野，提升逻辑推理能力，强化对全球性问题的认知，培养人类命运共同体意识。 ---《教育部教育考试院：2025年高考英语全国卷试题评析》 ( 解题指导 ) ( 6 年高考真题应用文考点 解读 ) 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025全国一卷 人与社会 2018年交通运输领域的碳排放 2025全国二卷 人与社会 介绍英国风景各异英格兰小镇 2025八省联考卷 人与自然 英国东约克郡的四个景点介绍 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 保护生态栖息地恢复小组细节 2024新课标II卷 人与自然 参加卡洛秋季徒步节几种方案 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 艺术节艺术展览艺术制作活动 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 自行车租赁和雇佣导游的细节 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自然 黄石国家公园提供护林员项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍了文学概论课程评分办法 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 提供儿童发现博物馆的团队游 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍Cardiff当地剧院娱乐场所 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍罗马价格低安全舒适旅馆 2021新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 介绍今年夏天约克郡四个活动 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍摄影比赛Take a view概况 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 介绍一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事 2020全国II卷 人与自然 介绍景点特色及地点和参观时间 2020全国III卷 人与社会 介绍四个国家回顾过去著名景点 ( 阅读理解 应用文满分 作答解题技巧 ) 一、材料特点 综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。 二、形式特点 做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。 三、用词特点 广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。 四、命题特点 广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。 五、解题策略 1.先题后文：先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。 2.原文定位：根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。 3.淡化生词：遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。 五、实用妙招 1.阅读理解应用文细节理解题居多，落实“题文同序”和“同义替换”。 2.数据计算题注重“原文定位”“细节理解”，弄清来龙去脉再计算。 3.文章出处题注意利用首尾段相关关键词作答。同时关注选项的差异。 4.写作意图题要结合试题内容类型，尤其是首尾段做出合理推测判断。 5.写作对象题需要结合首尾段关键信息，对象可能是家长、游客等等。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 ( 考点变式 ) 一、词性转换 1. globe n. 地球；世界→adj. global 全球的 2. power n. 力量；电力；权力 →adj. powerful 强大的；强有力的 3. sustain vt. 维持；支撑；承受→ adj. sustainable 可持续的 4. exist v. 存在 →adj. existing 现有的 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 →adv. fortunately 幸运地 6. analysis sing. 分析→pl. analyses 分析 7. develop vt. 发展；开发 →n. development 发展；开发 8. percent n. 百分比 →n. percentage 百分比率 9. comparative adj. 相对的→adv. comparatively相对地 10. consume vt.吃喝；消费 →n. consumption吃喝；消费 11. efficient adj.高效的 →n. efficiency 效率 12. afford vt.支付；承受的起→adj. affordable 负担得起的 二、识词知意 1. automobile /ˈɔːtəməbiːl/ n. 汽车 2. emission /iˈmɪʃn/ n. 排放；排放物 3. decarbonize /ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ v. 脱碳；使无碳化 4. particular /pəˈtɪkjələr/ adj. 特定的；特别的 5. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːrˈteɪʃn/ n. 运输；交通 6. quarter /ˈkwɔːrtər/ n. 四分之一；季度 7. energy-related adj. 与能源相关的 8. breakdown /ˈbreɪkdaʊn/ n. 分解；故障；分析 9. mode /moʊd/ n. 方式；模式 10. vehicle /ˈviːɪkl/ n. 车辆；交通工具 11. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒər/ n. 乘客；旅客 12. shipping /ˈʃɪpɪŋ/ n. 航运；海运 13. fuel /fjuːəl/ n. 燃料 v. 给……提供燃料 14. lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ adj. 轻量的 15. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 具体的；特定的 16. sector /ˈsektər/ n. 部门；行业 17. aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ n. 航空；航空业 18. long-term /ˌlɔːŋ ˈtɜːrm/ adj. 长期的 19. option /ˈɑːpʃn/ n. 选择；选项 20. recycled /ˌriːˈsaɪkld/ adj. 回收利用的 21. battery /ˈbætəri/ n. 电池 22. energy-efficient adj. 节能的 23. system /ˈsɪstəm/ n. 系统；体系 24. solid-state adj. 固态的 25. electrify /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪ/ v. 使电气化；使充电 26. wire /waɪər/ n. 电线；金属丝 27. ignite /ɪɡˈnaɪt/ v. 点燃；引发 28. transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n. 过渡；转变 29. mechanical /məˈkænɪkl/ adj. 机械的；机械学的 30. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计；判断 31. double /ˈdʌbl/ adj. 双倍的 v. 加倍 n. 两倍 32. renewable /rɪˈnuːəbl/ adj. 可再生的 n. 可再生能源 33. regarding /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪŋ/ prep. 关于；至于 三、高频语块 1. be responsible for 对…… 负责；是……的原因 2. accounts for 占…… 比例；是……的原因 3. greenhouse gas emissions 温室气体排放 4. synthetic hydrocarbons 合成碳氢化合物 5. electric cars 电动汽车 6. plug into 插入；接入（电源） 7. on a single charge 一次充电 8. hydrogen fuel cell 氢燃料电池 9. liquid ammonia 液氨 10. renewable energy 可再生能源 11. be up to 达到；胜任；忙于；由……决定 12. speed up 加速；使加快 13. green energy 绿色能源 四、长难句分析 1. Hydrogen fuel cells are a lighter choice than batteries for trucks, but making green hydrogen is expensive. 翻译：对卡车而言，氢燃料电池是比电池更轻的选择，但生产绿色氢的成本很高。 分析：①并列句逻辑：通过but连接两个对立观点，形成 “优势→弊端”的转折关系，突出事物的两面性。②比较级结构：“lighter than...”是形容词比较级的典型用法，需注意比较对象的一致性。③动名词作主语：第二分句中“making green hydrogen”是动名词短语，相当于名词词性，在句中承担主语功能。 2. This energy transition (变革) is global, and the amount of renewable energy the world will need is“a little bit mind-blowing,” says mechanical engineer Keith Wipke at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 翻译：国家可再生能源实验室的机械工程师基思・威普克（Keith Wipke）表示：“这一能源转型是全球性的，世界所需的可再生能源数量‘有点令人震惊’。” 分析：①并列句结构：通过连词 and 连接两个独立分句，表明 “能源转型的全球性”和“可再生能源需求的惊人程度” 为并列关系。②定语从句省略：第二分句中，“the world will need”是定语从句，修饰 energy。当关系代词在从句中作宾语时（此处energy是 need的宾语），关系代词可省略。③引用倒装：英文中常将“说话者+ 身份”置于引用内容之后，形成倒装（如... says sb.），以突出引用内容的重点。 ( 分类变式 ) 变式一、阅读理解数据计算题3篇 1【2025浙江1月卷】Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries – the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 22. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 【导读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了图书馆间互借服务（ILL），包括其服务对象、借用时长、递送服务和费用等。 【解析】 21. C。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Who Can Borrow? 下的第一句Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL.可知，在校学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过馆际互借申请借阅。由此可知，退休教师可以使用ILL服务，故选C。 22. D。事实细节题。根据小标题Length of Loans 下的第三句Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.可知，通过ILL借阅的书籍，当出借图书馆要求收回时，借阅者需要归还，故选D。 23. D。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Interlibrary Loan Fees下第四行International Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30，故选D。 2【2025八省联考卷】 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国东约克郡的四个景点，主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。 21.细节理解题。根据“Goole Museum”部分中“The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. (临时展览馆有各种各样的艺术工艺和当地历史展览，每个月都有变化)”可知，古尔博物馆（Goole Museum）举办临时展览。故选A项。 22.细节理解题。根据“Sledmere House”部分中“Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. (管风琴音乐在星期四下午演奏)”可知，在Sledmere House游客们可以在周四欣赏管风琴音乐。故选D项。 23.细节理解题。根据Bridlington Bird & Animal Park部分Prices中的“Children £3.50 (儿童3.50英镑)”可知，布里德灵顿鸟类和动物公园的儿童票价是3.5英镑。故选C项。 3【2023新课标I卷】Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. Why MacBike MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. Prices Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day (24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00 Guided City Tours The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online. 1. What is an advantage of MacBike? A. It gives children a discount. B. It of offers many types of bikes. C. It organizes free cycle tours. D. It has over 2,500 rental shops. 2. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A. €15.75. B. €19.50. C. €22.75. D. €29.50. 3. Where does the guided city tour start? A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge. C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square. 【答案】1. B2. C3. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了在阿姆斯特丹进行自行车租赁和雇佣导游的操作方式，价格等细节。 1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes. (我们提供种类繁多的最新自行车，包括有脚刹的基本自行车、有手刹和带排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车和儿童自行车)”可推知，MacBike的优势是它提供许多类型的自行车。故选B。 2.细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。 3.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。 变式二、环保主题类应用文真题3篇 1【2024新课标I卷】 HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. GROUPS Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance. Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form. AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. UPCOMING EVENTS Time Meeting Location Sunday, Jan. 15 10:00am-1:00pm Battery Alexander Trailhead Sunday, Jan. 22 10:00am-2:30pm Stinson Beach Parking Lot Sunday, Jan. 29 9:30am-2:30pm Coyote Ridge Trailhead 21. What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team? A. To discover mineral resources. B. To develop new wildlife parks. C. To protect the local ecosystem. D. To conduct biological research. 22. What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team? A. 5. B. 10. C. 15. D. 18. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。 21.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge. We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection. Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. (帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。 22.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. (欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。 23.细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。 2【2024新课标II卷】 Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09:00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09:00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18:30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11:45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 21. Which walk takes the shortest time? A. The Natural World. B. Introduction to Hillwalking. C. Moonlight Under the Stars. D. Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 22. What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A. Wear proper clothes. B. Join a walking club. C. Get special permits. D. Bring a survival guide. 23. What do the four walks have in common? A. They involve difficult climbing. B. They are for experienced walkers. C. They share the same start point. D. They are scheduled for the weekend. 【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。 21.细节理解题。通读全文，根据文章所给出的四种方案中的“Walk Duration (步行时间)”部分比较可知，“Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest (步行4——基尔布兰尼什森林摄影步行)”的步行时间是1.5小时，用时最短。故选D项。 22.细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选A项。 23.细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选D项。 3【2023新课标II卷】 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center. Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk. Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest? A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics. C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone. 2. What is the short talk at Artist Point about? A. Works of famous artists. B. Protection of wild animals. C. Basic photography skills. D. History of the canyon area. 3. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【答案】1. D2. D3. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了黄石国家公园提供的几项护林员项目。 1.细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。 2.细节理解题。根据文章“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)部分中的“From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. (从一个经典的视角，欣赏下瀑布、黄石河和峡谷的壮丽色彩，同时了解该地区的自然和人类历史)”可知，在Artist Point的简短演讲主题是关于峡谷地区的历史的。故选D。 3.细节理解题。根据文章“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. (7/10——Wildflowers &White Balance：在奇滕登停车场的Washburn Trailhead举行)”可知，7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。 变式三、图表类阅读理解模拟6篇 1（2017·全国I卷）A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtain drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the U.S. Department of Agriculture, it’s an excellent water collector. Unfortunately, you must carry the necessary equipment with you, since it’s all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only components required, though, are a 5＇×5＇ sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic, six feet of plastic tube, and a container— perhaps just a drinking cup — to catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt. To construct a working still, use a sharp stick or rock to dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. The plastic should now form a cone(圆锥体) with 45-degree-angled sides. The low point of the sheet must be centered directly over, and no more than three inches above, the cup. The solar still works by creating a greenhouse under the plastic. Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup. When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. 1．What do we know about the solar still equipment from the first paragraph? A．It’s delicate. B．It’s expensive. C．It’s complex. D．It’s portable. 2．What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The tube. B．The still. C．The hole. D．The cup. 3．What’s the last step of constructing a working solar still? A．Dig a hole of a certain size. B．Put the cup in place. C．Weight the sheet’s center down. D．Cover the hole with the plastic sheet. 4．When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from ________. A．the plastic tube B．outside the hole C．the open air D．beneath the sheet 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【分析】本文是一篇科普文章。文章主要介绍了一种自己可以亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简单，适用于任何缺水的地方。 1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句话These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.可知，制作蒸馏器的东西可以叠放在一个小包，系在腰间。说明制作蒸馏器的设备很轻便，portable表示“轻便的;手提的”，故选D。 2．猜测词义题。根据文章Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catcher’s productivity可知，最好在潮湿的地方挖洞，以提高接水器的工作效率。接水器指的是在潮湿地方挖洞，在洞的底部放一个杯子，杯子上方用覆盖膜遮挡。整个装置构成接水器，而不是某个部分。这一题很容易错选D。就算在干燥的地方挖洞，杯子也可以接水，杯子接水的事实并不会因为周围的环境变化而变化，杯子的工作效率是不变的。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock.可知，最后一步是weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock“放一块石头在覆盖膜的中间，把它压下去”，故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中的Ground water evaporates (蒸发) and collects on the sheet until small drops of water form, run down the material and fall off into the cup可知，地下水蒸发，在覆盖膜上聚集起来直到形成小水滴落在杯子里。覆盖膜是在杯子上面的，水滴落入杯子里。所以水滴是凝聚在覆盖膜的下面。故选D。 2（2025·江苏·模拟预测） Paying for Your Education At New York University (NYU), we don’t want money to stand in the way of your success. That’s why many of our students receive some form of financial assistance to help pay for their education . As a student at NYU, you will likely access one or more types of financial aid that include: scholarships, grants () and work-study grants. How Aid Is Awarded     Whatever your financial situation, you can apply for financial aid. For students who file on time, NYU will provide all the financial help that you need based on your family’s ability to pay, which is figured out from the information record on the CSS Profile. When we work out how much help you need, we also take into account whether you can get other grants and find employment. Deadlines and Applications     To be considered for need-based aid,you must file all financial aid applications on time. The majority of undergraduate students who apply for financial aid receive need-based aid. Deadlines and requirements change depending on whether you’re applying as an early decision or regular decision through the SPS Division of Applied Undergraduate Studies, or as a student receiving a second bachelors (学士) degree. For more information about the requirements and the types of financial aid you may be able to receive, please click your admission type below. 1．How much can a student get from research scholarships on average? A．About $71,128. B．About $37,000. C．About $3,000 D．About $900. 2．Which factor might affect NYU’s financial aid amount for a student? A．The family income. B．The obtained grants. C．The job experiences. D．The academic record. 3．What do we know about the requirements for financial aid? A．They are divided into four sorts B．They are adjusted for everyone. C．They vary with admission types. D．They depend on need-based aid 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。纽约大学为学生提供多种经济援助，援助金额基于家庭支付能力，要求和截止日期因入学类型而异。 1．细节理解题。根据第三张图中的信息“$2.7 million Total Awarded to 3,000 Students in Research Scholarships(总计270万美元的研究奖学金授予3000名学生)”可知，3000名学生合计被授予研究奖学金270万美元，那么平均来说，每人获得的研究奖学金应是：2700 000÷3000=900(美元)。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Whatever your financial situation, you can apply for financial aid. For students who file on time, NYU will provide all the financial help that you need based on your family’s ability to pay, which is figured out from the information record on the CSS Profile.(无论你的经济状况如何，你都可以申请经济援助。对于按时提交申请的学生，纽约大学将根据您家庭的支付能力提供您所需的所有经济帮助，这是从CSS个人资料上的信息记录中计算出来的。)”可知，家庭收入是影响资助金额的核心因素。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Deadlines and requirements change depending on whether you’re applying as an early decision or regular decision through the SPS Division of Applied Undergraduate Studies, or as a student receiving a second bachelors (学士) degree. (截止日期和要求会根据您是作为早期决定还是通过SPS应用本科研究部门的常规决定申请，还是作为获得第二个学士学位的学生而变化。)”可知，资助要求因入学类型不同而变化。故选C。 3（2024·江西赣州·二模）Green Haven Heightening Environmental Awareness About Green Haven… ● Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts. ● Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part. ● We believe that everyone can achieve this through hands-on activities. How Green Haven is fun for everyone! To ensure that Green Haven never loses its appeal for visitors of all ages, the informative audio-visual displays and interactive activities — housed in different booths and zones — are replaced on a monthly basis. Green Haven MembershipSign up to become a member of Green Haven! Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door General informationOpening hours: 1 p.m. to 6 p.m. (Monday to Friday)    9 a.m. to 9 p.m. (Saturday) Address: 1 Maple Road, Singapore 123456 Admission fee: $10 (for anyone over the age of 12)    $5 (for children aged 5 to 12) 1．Which of the following is true about Green Haven? A．It makes visitors aware of virtual activities. B．It raises awareness of environmental issues. C．It can help us equipped with an inquiring mind. D．It replaces some displays and activities once a week. 2．What will you enjoy if you are a member of Green Haven? A．Discounts at all of its booths. B．A free visit to Green Haven. C．Admission ticket discounts. D．Free admission for kids aged 5. 3．What is the purpose of the text? A．To draw visitors to Green Haven. B．To attract visitors to the Green Cafe. C．To help visitors get around Green Haven. D．To show visitors what Green Haven looks like. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍Green Haven并号召人们注册成为Green Haven的会员。 1．细节理解题。由标题中“Heightening Environmental Awareness(提高环境意识)”以及About Green Haven…中“Our purpose is to showcase what others have done to help conserve the environment and how everyone can also do his/her part.(我们的目的是展示其他人在保护环境方面所做的工作，以及每个人如何也能尽自己的一份力量。)”可知，Green Haven提高人们对环境问题的认识。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。由Green Haven Membership中“Receive your membership card on the spot and show your card and you can:  get 20% off the admission fee  receive discounts at Booth 3 and the Green Cafe next door(当场领取您的会员卡并出示您的卡，您可以： 门票可享受八折优惠； 在3号展位和隔壁的绿色咖啡馆享受折扣)”可知，如果你是Green Haven的会员，你可以享受门票折扣。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。由About Green Haven…中“Visit Green Haven to learn how to care about the environment and broaden your knowledge and understanding of conservation efforts.(参观Green Haven，了解如何关心环境，并拓宽您对保护工作的知识和理解。)”以及上下文可知，文章主要介绍Green Haven，其目的是为了吸引游客拜访Green Haven。故选A项。 4（24-25高一下·安徽·阶段练习）It goes without saying that sitting at a desk for most of the day will hurt our health. I’d like to show some of exercise equipment suitable for the office. ★Under-desk Elliptical Keeping your feet in motion while seated can reduce stress and increase your productivity. Pros & Cons •Easy to carry like a briefcase •Whisper quiet and easy to use •The rubber around the metal bar can wear out over time. ★Fitness Tracker What gets measured gets managed, and one great way to keep track of your fitness data is a fitness tracker. A fitness tracker records your energy levels, steps, distance, hourly activity and more. Pros & Cons •Very comfortable to wear •Lots of apps can be operated together •Various customized (定制的) options •Sometimes there are connectivity issues. ★Stability Cushion These cushions are excellent to relieve back pain and shoulder aches, stabilize joints (稳定关节) and strengthen muscles. Pros & Cons •Small and lightweight •Works well for lower back and posture •Inflating (充气) isn’t easy for some. ★Balanced Ball Chair Sitting on a balance ball leads to increased energy and productivity. In that way, it’s perfect for completing tasks at home or in the office. This chair improves micro-movements and core strength. Pros & Cons •Easy to build •A great solution if you have back pain •Needs to be reinflated often 1．Which of the following equipment can count your steps? A．Under-desk Elliptical. B．Stability Cushion. C．Fitness Tracker. D．Balanced Ball Chair. 2．What do Stability Cushion and Balanced Ball Chair have in common? A．They are lightweight. B．They are easy to inflate. C．They affect users’ job performance. D．They suit people with back pain. 3．Who are the intended readers of the text? A．Office workers. B．Recovering patients. C．Fitness trainers. D．Furniture designers. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合在办公室使用的健身器材。 1．细节理解题。根据Fitness Tracker部分“A fitness tracker records your energy levels, steps, distance, hourly activity and more.(健身追踪器能够记录你的能量水平、步数、距离、每小时的活动量等等)”可知，健身追踪器可以记录步数。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Stability Cushion部分“These cushions are excellent to relieve back pain and shoulder aches, stabilize joints (稳定关节) and strengthen muscles.(这些靠垫非常适合缓解背部疼痛和肩部不适，能够稳定关节并增强肌肉力量)”以及Balanced Ball Chair部分“A great solution if you have back pain(如果你的背部疼痛，这是一个很棒的解决办法)”可知，两者都适合背部疼痛的人使用。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“It goes without saying that sitting at a desk for most of the day will hurt our health. I’d like to show some of exercise equipment suitable for the office.(毋庸置疑，整天坐在办公桌前会对我们的健康造成损害。我想展示一些适合在办公室使用的健身器材)”可知，这篇文章的读者对象是办公室职员。故选A。 5（24-25高二下·江西赣州·阶段练习）New Scientist is the world’s most popular weekly science and technology publication. Our website, app and print editions cover international news from a scientific standpoint. Highlights: Daily online updates and weekly magazine top picks bring you the latest scientific news, covering everything from artificial intelligence to breakthroughs in health and quantum (量子) physics. Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed. We present readers’ letters, opinions, and articles by editors, offering in-depth analysis and diverse viewpoints on science, culture, and social issues. This section encourages critical thinking and discussion. Subscriber-only Benefits: ·Exclusive (专享的) access to articles with great content ·Priority to travel to sites of scientific importance in US ·Four free virtual events each year, including lectures and masterclasses on science topics ·The latest scientific news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices Best offer Digital access APP+ Website Subscription Unlimited access to newscientist. com Unrestricted access to the app Trial: $10 for 10 weeks Then $49.99 every 3 months Then $99 annually Print and digital access APP+ Website Subscription Unlimited access to newscientist. com Unrestricted access to the app Print edition delivered directly to your door each week Trial: $20 for 10 weeks Then $64.99 every 3 months Then $199 annually 1．What can you find in New Scientist? A．Latest science fiction. B．Beginner-friendly science articles. C．Academic writing guide. D．In-depth art research papers. 2．What is an advantage of being a subscriber? A．Staying informed of updates. B．Taking science tours worldwide. C．Getting free reading devices. D．Attending lectures in universities. 3．How much is the annual subscription for print and digital access after the 10-week trial? A．$99. B．$20. C．$199. D．$64.99. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍《新科学家》的内容板块、订阅福利及订阅价格等信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Highlights段中的“Written by researchers and expert journalists, feature articles turn discoveries into easy-to-understand knowledge — no science background needed.(专题文章由研究人员和专业记者撰写，将科学发现转化为易于理解的知识——无需科学背景。)”可知，《新科学家》提供对初学者友好的科学文章。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据Subscriber-only Benefits段中的“The latest scientific news and insights, sent directly to your email or digital devices (最新的科学新闻和见解，直接发送到您的电子邮件或数字设备)”可知，订阅者的优势包括随时了解最新动态。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据Best offer中“Print and digital access”栏的“Then $199 annually(然后是每年199美元)”可知，10周试用期后，印刷版和数字版的年度订阅费用为199美元。故选C项。 6（2024·广西河池·模拟预测）Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer. The Time of Watering The best time to water plants is in the morning. This lets the water go deeply into the soil before the weather gets too hot. If you water later in the day, the water will just evaporate (蒸发) from the surface. If you water in the evening, the plants stay too wet overnight. The risk of mold, mildew and fungal diseases increases. The Ways of Watering If you water quickly every day, it does not help the roots, which can extend over 30 centimetres into the soil. Water the soil less often, but deeply. Be careful when watering very dry soil as the water will just run off without getting into the soil. Go slow and make sure the water is absorbing. Catch and Reuse Water One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it. Choose Native Plants Drought-resistant plants should not be overwatered when trying to keep thirstier plants watered. It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought. They just need regular watering their first two years. After that, they can live on just rainwater except for during times of extreme heat. Keep Moisture(水分) In Adding 5 to 8 centimetres of mulch (覆盖物) around the plants can reduce the evaporation of water and reduce weed growth. Make sure the soil is warm before adding the mulch. Create a 7-to-8-centimetre border away from the base of the plants. 1．Which suggestion best reflects the concept of water recycling? A．Keep Moisture In. B．The Time of Watering. C．Choose Native Plants. D．Catch and Reuse Water. 2．What is the biggest benefits of planting local plants? A．Reducing weed growth. B．Being watered freely. C．Tolerance to drought. D．Reducing fungal diseases. 3．Who is the most recommended reader for this article? A．Gardeners. B．Plant experts. C．Environmentalists. D．Landscape architects. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了炎热夏季节省成本保持花园浇水的各种方法。 1．细节理解题。根据Catch and Reuse Water部分的“One way to help keep costs low for watering is to use recycled water. Instead of pouring water out after boiling foods, keep it and reuse it to water plants. Just make sure the water does not have salt in it.(降低灌溉成本的一种方法是使用循环水。不要在煮完食物后倒水，而是保存起来，再用来浇灌植物。只要确保水里没有盐就行了。)”可知，Catch and Reuse Water这个建议最能反映水循环利用的概念。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Choose Native Plants部分的“It is also best to use plants that are native to the area where you live. These plants tend to be resistant to drought.(最好使用你所居住地区的原生植物。这些植物往往抗旱。)”可知，种植本地植物的最大好处是耐旱性。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Let’s look at some cost-saving ways to keep your garden watered during the hot months of summer.(让我们来看看一些省钱的方法，让你的花园在炎热的夏天保持浇水。)”可推知，文章主要介绍给拥有花园的人。故选A。 变式四、交通出行类应用文模拟3篇 1（23-24高二下·安徽马鞍山·期末）A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service. These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from. GoldenPass Express, Switzerland GoldenPass Express takes passengers from Montreux to Interlaken. It’s a three- hour ride with four departures a day. The heated leather seats can recline (后倾) and rotate (旋转) 180 degrees. They’ re also raised 15 inches higher to boost the views over vineyards, green valleys and blue- ice glaciers. A one- way ticket costs £115. La Dolce Vita, Italy La Dolce Vita train service transports passengers to Italy of the 1960s. There are altogether 30 rooms— plus a bar car where passengers can watch appealing field s fly by as a pianist plays. A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. A one- way ticket starts at £2,140. Spacia X, Japan This train provides a stylish way of making the two- hour journey between Tokyo’s Asakusa station and the city of Nikko. Spacia X also includes comfortable sofas and seats. Passengers can appreciate the scenery as they shoot past mountains, waterfalls and temples. Tickets can be bought online or from any station on the Tobu line. A one- way ticket starts from £7.50. The Vietage, Vietnam The Vietage runs between Da Nang and Quy Nhon in supreme comfort. Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. The ticket price also includes a head-and-shoulder massage (按摩). A one- way ticket is £330. 1．Which of the following makes La Dolce Vita stand out? A．Comfortable seats. B．Various off-board experiences. C．Online ticket booking. D．A head-and-shoulder massage. 2．Which of the rail routes provides a hearty lunch? A．Spacia X, Japan. B．La Dolce Vita, Italy. C．The Vietage, Vietnam. D．GoldenPass Express, Switzerland. 3．What do the four rail routes have in common? A．The travel time. B．The ticket price. C．The superior service. D．The adjustable seats. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是应用文。文章是关于高端列车旅行的推荐介绍。文中详细描述了几条在全球不同地区的特色铁路旅程，包括它们的起讫点、特色服务、票价以及旅行中的独特体验，旨在向读者推介奢华舒适的火车旅行选择。 1．细节理解题。由La Dolce Vita, Italy部分的“A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. (从蒙塔奇诺的葡萄园之旅到阿布鲁佐的骑马，这里有各种令人印象深刻的下车体验。)”可知，La Dolce Vita的特色在于其丰富的下车体验活动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由The Vietage, Vietnam部分中的“Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. (在这里，游客可以饱览越南乡村的美景，享用30道菜的午餐和免费饮料。)”可知，The Vietage, Vietnam路线提供丰盛的午餐。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service.  These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from.(一趟高端的火车之旅，让你以独特的节奏和完全舒适的体验目的地，同时享受一流的服务。这些是一些最令人兴奋的铁路路线可供选择。)”因此，它们都体现了卓越的服务。故选C。 2（23-24高二下·重庆·期末）Traveling by train can be a romantic way to see the world. Here are some fantastic train trips to add to your travel bucket list (愿望清单). Eurostar Where it goes: London to/from Paris How long it takes: Two hours and 15 minutes Eurostar is a popular way for folks to get from London to Paris (or vice versa), thanks to its quick travel time, but it has another draw that makes it a great bucket-list train trip. For 20 minutes, you’ll actually be riding 150 feet underwater through the famed English Channel. Glacier Express Where it goes: St. Moritz to Zermatt in the Swiss Alps How long it takes: Seven and a half hours This train ride is a favorite among many, as it’s arguably the best way to experience the Swiss Alps. It gives new meaning to the term “slow travel”, taking over seven hours to pass just 180 miles. Be prepared to ride on 291 bridges and through 91 tunnels. Qingzang Railway Where it goes: Xining to Lhasa How long it takes: 20 hours and 55 minutes Why not start with the world’s highest train ride? The Qingzang Railway climbs to amazing heights of over 5,072meters as it snakes through the Himalayas. The 1,956-kilometer journey passes through different biomes (生物群落区). The views of grasslands, mountain s and deserts along the way are always breathtaking. Trans-Siberian Railway Where it goes: Moscow to Vladivostok How long it takes: Seven days It’s the world’s longest continuous railway, clocking in at 5,772 miles from Moscow to Vladivostok. Along the way, you’ll pass through eight time zones and have plenty of time to see the beautiful Russia n countryside. 1．What is special about Eurostar? A．It stops at different biomes. B．It passes through eight time zones. C．It features an underwater journey. D．It provides slow travel experience. 2．What can passengers do when they ride the Glacier Express? A．They can experience great speed. B．They can appreciate the beautiful Alps C．They can pass through extensive deserts. D．They can start with the world’s highest train ride 3．Which railway is the world’s longest continuous one? A．Trans-Siberian Railway. B．Glacier Express. C．Qingzang Railway. D．Eurostar. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 【导语】本文是应用文。介绍四条独特的火车旅行线路，向读者推荐了一些值得添加到旅行愿望清单上的火车旅行体验。 1．细节理解题。根据Eurostar下的“Eurostar is a popular way for folks to get from London to Paris (or vice versa), thanks to its quick travel time, but it has another draw that makes it a great bucket-list train trip. For 20 minutes, you’ll actually be riding 150 feet underwater through the famed English Channel.(欧洲之星是人们从伦敦到巴黎(巴黎到伦敦)的一种流行方式，这要归功于它的快速旅行时间，但它还有另一个吸引人的地方，使它成为一个伟大的火车之旅。在20分钟的时间里，你将在150英尺的水下穿越著名的英吉利海峡)”可知，Eurostar的特别之处是一段水下之旅。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Glacier Express下的“This train ride is a favorite among many, as it’s arguably the best way to experience the Swiss Alps. It gives new meaning to the term “slow travel”, taking over seven hours to pass just 180 miles. Be prepared to ride on 291 bridges and through 91 tunnels.(这趟火车之旅是许多人的最爱，因为它可以说是体验瑞士阿尔卑斯山的最佳方式。它给“慢旅行”一词赋予了新的含义，花了7个多小时才通过180英里。准备好穿越291座桥梁和91条隧道吧)”可知，Glacier Express是一个欣赏瑞士阿尔卑斯山的最佳方式，因此乘客可以在车上欣赏美丽的阿尔卑斯山。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Trans-Siberian Railway下的“It’s the world’s longest continuous railway, clocking in at 5,772 miles from Moscow to Vladivostok.(这是世界上最长的连续铁路，从莫斯科到符拉迪沃斯托克全长5772英里)”可知，Trans-Siberian Railway是世界上最长的连续铁路。故选A项。 3（2024·四川乐山·三模）We track down some of the world’s greatest rail journeys. The Canadian The trip from Toronto to Vancouver is sleepy 83 hours long — but considering you’ll be winding through snow-capped Rocky Mountains and Canadian Shield forests, the pace suits anyone looking for relaxation, rest and peaceful views. Huge glass windows make the most of the scenery as the train travels across 4,466 km of Canada’s diverse landscape. The Blue Train The train spans 1,600 km of track linking Pretoria with Cape Town. More like a hotel on rails than a train, there are carriages where passengers can rest in comfort and have full-sized baths. The journey takes 27 hours from start to finish and crosses some of the most diverse and picturesque scenery on the African continent. Don’t expect to feel the rush of wind through your hair though, as its average speed is just 57 km/h. The Indian Pacific Departing from Sydney, it takes about 70 hours for the Indian Pacific to cross the Australian continent on its way to Perth. Stopping at the mining town of Broken Hill, Adelaide, and Kalgoorlie you’ll cover 4,352 km at an average speed of 85 km/h. At that rate, you’ll catch the full glory of the sun setting across the horizon on the longest stretch of straight rail track in the world. Travel in spring for the best of Western Australia’s wildflowers. Jinghu High Speed Rail The showcase of China’s modern rail fleet was launched in 2012 and shaves 20 hours off the 1, 303 km trip from Beijing to Shanghai, delivering passengers to their destination in five super-fast hours. It is currently the fastest long-distance passenger train in the world, reaching speeds of 300 km/h. 1．What do the Canadian and the Blue Train have in common? A．They travel in a leisurely pace. B．They both operate in Africa. C．They cross a whole continent. D．They have large windows. 2．What can we learn about the Indian Pacific? A．It covers the longest distance. B．It offers beautiful scenery. C．It provides full - sized baths. D．It only serves in spring. 3．Which of the following train has the fastest speed? A．The Canadian B．The Blue Train C．The Indian Pacific D．Jinghu High Speed Rail 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个铁路旅行的情况和特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The trip from Toronto to Vancouver is sleepy 83 hours long — but considering you’ll be winding through snow-capped Rocky Mountains and Canadian Shield forests, the pace suits anyone looking for relaxation, rest and peaceful views.(从多伦多到温哥华的旅程长达83个小时，但考虑到你将蜿蜒穿过白雪皑皑的落基山脉和加拿大盾森林，这个速度适合任何想要放松、休息和欣赏宁静景色的人)”以及第三段“More like a hotel on rails than a train, there are carriages where passengers can rest in comfort and have full-sized baths.(这里更像是轨道上的酒店，而不是火车上的酒店，乘客可以在车厢里舒适地休息，还可以享受全套浴室)”可知，Canadian和Blue Train的共同之处都可以悠闲地旅行。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“At that rate, you’ll catch the full glory of the sun setting across the horizon on the longest stretch of straight rail track in the world. Travel in spring for the best of Western Australia’s wildflowers.(以这样的速度，你将在世界上最长的直线轨道上欣赏到日落的壮丽景色。在春天旅行，欣赏西澳大利亚最好的野花)”可知，The Indian Pacific风景优美。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It is currently the fastest long-distance passenger train in the world, reaching speeds of 300 km/h.(这是目前世界上最快的长途客运列车，时速可达300公里)”可知，京沪高铁速度最快。故选D。 4（23-24高二下·四川广安·阶段练习）Urban Transportation in Canada Public transportation & Transit passes All cities and most major towns in Canada have a public transportation system with one or more modes of transportation(bus, subway, train, etc.). The bus is the most common form of urban transportation in Canada. To use public transportation, you must purchase a ticket or a transit pass. Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period(one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often. Transportation for people with disabilities Public transportation often has features to assist people with disabilities. In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses. You can find out about these services in the same way you would learn more about other public transportation options. Etiquette(礼节)on public transportation When taking public transportation such as a bus or train, it is important to understand the unspoken rules of conduct in the shared space. Here are a few things to note: Be polite and respectful to others around you. For example, maintain an appropriate noise level when talking or making a phone call. If you are carrying a back pack or a large shoulder bag in a crowded public transit vehicle, keep it close to you, preferably at your feet to avoid hitting people with it as you walk by. Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space. Have your proof (证明)of payment accessible in case you are asked to show it. 1．What is the advantage of using transit passes over buying tickets? A．Safer trips. B．Lower costs. C．Longer service time. D．More use of transport. 2．How does the transportation system help people with disabilities? A．By offering fewer transportation options. B．By limiting their mobility on city buses. C．By running special transport services. D．By providing free rides in towns and cities. 3．What is considered impolite on public transportation? A．Staying close to other passengers. B．Placing backpacks at your feet. C．Having your proof of payment at hand. D．Lowering your speaking voice. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了加拿大的城市交通系统，包括公共交通的类型、票价、针对残疾人的交通服务，以及乘坐公共交通时应遵守的礼节。 1．细节理解题。根据原文Public transportation & Transit passes部分“Transit passes allow you unlimited use of public transportation for a specific period (one month or more). They are usually cheaper than buying many tickets if you plan to use public transportation often.(交通卡允许你在特定时期（一个月或更长时间）无限制地使用公共交通工具。如果你计划经常使用公共交通工具，它们通常比购买许多车票便宜。)”可知，使用交通卡的优势是成本更低。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据原文Transportation for people with disabilities部分“In many cities and towns, there are also transportation services available specifically for people with limited mobility, such as specially equipped buses.(在许多城市和城镇，也有专门为行动不便的人提供的交通服务，如配备特殊设备的公共汽车。)”可知，交通系统通过运行特殊的交通服务来帮助残疾人士。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据“Etiquette(礼节)on public transportation”部分的第四段“Avoid pushing or touching others in order to make more room for yourself. Sometimes public transit can become very crowded, but it is important to keep calm and give others appropriate personal space(避免推挤或触碰他人，以给自己腾出更多空间。有时公共交通会变得非常拥挤，但保持冷静并给予他人适当的个人空间是很重要的。)”可推知，在公共交通工具上要给其他乘客留出适当的个人空间，可推理出在公共交通工具上，与其他人靠得太近被视为不礼貌。故选A项。 变式五、交通科技类高频词汇40例 1. emissions /ɪˈmɪʃnz/ n. 排放 2. decarbonize /diːˈkɑːrbənaɪz/ v. 脱碳 3. transportation /ˌtrænspɔːrˈteɪʃn/n. 交通运输 4. mode /moʊd/ n. 方式；模式 5. fuels /ˈfjuːəlz/ n. 燃料 6. synthetic /sɪnˈθetɪk/ adj. 合成的 7. hydrocarbons /ˌhaɪdrəˈkɑːrbənz/n. 碳氢化合物 8. aviation /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃn/ n. 航空业 9. battery /ˈbætəriz/ n. 电池 10. electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ n. 电力 11. hydrogen /ˈhaɪdrədʒən/ n. 氢 12. ammonia /əˈmoʊniə/ n. 氨 13. efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ n. 效率 14. transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n. 转型；变革 15. renewable /rɪˈnuːəbl/ adj. 可再生的 16. estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v. 估计 17. demand /dɪˈmænd/ n. 需求 18. analyze /ˈænəlaɪz/ v. 分析 19. solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决方案 20. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 特定的 21. lightweight /ˈlaɪtweɪt/ adj. 轻量的 22. safe /seɪf/ adj. 安全的 23. existing /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/ adj. 现有的 24. solid-state /ˈsɑːlɪd steɪt/ adj. 固态的 25. electrified /ɪˈlektrɪfaɪd/ adj. 电气化的 26. redesign /ˌriːdɪˈzaɪn/ v. 重新设计 27. costly /ˈkɔːstli/ adj. 昂贵的 28. global /ˈɡloʊbl/ adj. 全球的 29. sustainable /səˈsteɪnəbl/ adj. 可持续的 30. recycle /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ v. 回收利用 31. transport emissions 交通排放 32. mode of transport 交通方式 33. synthetic hydrocarbons 合成碳氢化合物 34. solid-state batteries 固态电池 35. hydrogen fuel cells 氢燃料电池 36. liquid ammonia 液氨 37. energy transition 能源转型 38. renewable energy 可再生能源 39. global demand 全球需求 40. green energy 绿色能源 $$