专题06 阅读理解D篇（精选模考真题新题）（北京专用）-【好题汇编】2025年中考英语一模试题分类汇编

专题六 阅读理解D篇（2025年中考一模新题速递）北京专用 考情导向 1 (海淀区中考一模) 2 本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心。 3 (朝阳区中考一模) 3 本文是一篇议论文，通过“剧场效应”理论解释了人们为何会陷入无意义的竞争，并结合实验和进化心理学分析其根源，最后提出避免无效竞争的建议。 5 (东城区中考一模) 5 本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。 6 (西城区中考一模) 7 本文是一篇关于狗对词语理解能力的研究报道。Magyari 等认知神经科学家通过脑电图测试，发现狗能区分不同物体的词语含义，当词语和物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图会显示出类似人类 N400 信号的电脉冲模式，表明狗可能像人类一样理解词语含义，但还需进一步研究，科学家们对这一发现很感兴趣并渴望深入研究。 8 (房山区中考一模) 9 本文探讨了促使人们取得伟大成就的两个关键品质——好奇心与不满足感，并指出这些品质是与生俱来的，需要通过自我激励重新唤醒，同时鼓励人们立即行动。 11 (丰台区中考一模) 11 本文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，以及人工智能给人类带来的影响。 13 (大兴区中考一模) 13 本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 15 (门头沟中考一模) 15 本文探讨了应对气候变化、疾病与饥饿等全球性问题时，环保活动家应如何在“恐惧”与“希望”之间取得平衡，以有效激励公众行动。 16 (平谷区中考一模) 17 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了灵长类动物如何通过行为、沟通和社交互动来建立友谊，并探讨了这些行为与人类社交行为的相似性。 18 (石景山区中考一模) 19 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了恐惧对人类决策的影响及应对策略。 20 (大兴区中考一模) 20 本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 22 (顺义区中考一模) 22 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了含糖饮料的危害以及是否应该禁止含糖饮料的问题。 24 (通州区中考一模) 24 本文主要介绍了一项在自然环境中研究“敬畏”情感对学习和科学兴趣影响的实验，实验表明在观看天文馆影片时体验到的敬畏感能极大地增加观众对相关主题的兴趣，且与记忆等方面存在一定联系。 25 考情导向 阅读理解D篇多为说明文或议论文，考查多种阅读能力：既考查字面意思的理解，也考查深层含义的理解涉及获取细节和要点、推断隐含信息、概括归纳段落或语篇主旨等阅读能力。要求学生具备一定的语篇知识和逻辑思维能力，能理解句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间以及语篇标题、插图及正文之间的逻辑关系。 主要考察点： 1)考查获取细节信息；2)考查推断信息； 3)考查归纳语篇主旨；4)考查推断作者观点 (海淀区中考一模) Children have an unbelievably curious mind. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often fall into fixed thinking patterns. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1, 600 children, testing their creative potential and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by then in high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when presented with an interesting puzzle that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain is highly activated—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in handling related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh perspective (角度) . In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it boosts memory. A study in Neuron finds that when participants are highly curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don't mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 30．According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A．they develop a more open mindset as they age B．they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C．their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D．their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 31．The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．tested B．raised C．explained D．received 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Less curious people often suffer more from memory loss. B．High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C．Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. D．Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 33．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B．To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C．To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D．To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．C 33．B 【导语】 本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心。 30．细节理解题。根据“Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious.”可知，有些人不再好奇，是因为他们的知识增加削弱了他们的求知欲。故选C。 31．词句猜测题。根据“Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. ”可知，激发我们的好奇心对我们的大脑非常有益。piqued此处意为“刺激，激发”，与raised意思相近。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据“Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints.”可知，好奇心允许群体内部产生健康的分歧。故选C。 33．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心，因此作者写这篇文章的主要目的是展示好奇心如何带来学术上的成功。故选B。 (朝阳区中考一模) In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressured to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 30．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 31．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 32．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. 【答案】 30．D 31．A 32．B 33．D 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，通过“剧场效应”理论解释了人们为何会陷入无意义的竞争，并结合实验和进化心理学分析其根源，最后提出避免无效竞争的建议。 30．细节理解题。根据第1段“people compete even when it does not benefit them”及第2段“forcing others to follow”可知，该现象的核心是“因他人行为而被迫跟随”。故选D。 31．词句猜测题。根据文章第3段实验描述“Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing…”，结合下划线词“irrational”的语境，可知这种行为是“不理智的”。选项A“Unreasonable”与之匹配。故选A。 32．观点态度题。根据第5段“we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?””和第6段“Is this really the best choice for me?”可知，作者支持审慎选择。故选B。 33．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文通过分析“剧场效应”的弊端，最终呼吁读者“关注自身真实需求”。选项D“建议读者做出真正适合自己的选择”最契合写作目的。故选D。 (东城区中考一模) Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination (拖延) for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits—choosing to complete a task right away rather than putting it off, setting short-term goals like finishing a report by the end of the week, and celebrating small achievements like meeting a deadline. These seemingly unimportant steps lead to a far-reaching change in her productivity and mindset over time. Like Cindy’s journey, real change is a slow and often unnoticeable process (过程). We live in a world that values quick fixes and immediate results, but actual growth happens little by little. Change is like a path with ups and downs and twists and turns. The key lies in the willingness to respond (回应) differently to each situation, make adjustments (调整), and learn from our mistakes. If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long. Instead, working on one habit at a time provides a more sustainable method. It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change. Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive. For example, if you want to improve your communication skills, you might start by practicing active listening during conversations. At the beginning, the changes may be small—a bit more patience here, a better choice of words there—but these purposeful acts gradually build stronger, more effective communication habits. It’s also necessary to recognize and celebrate small victories. Each step forward, no matter how small, is proof to your promise and effort. No journey of change is without its missteps. Mistakes are an unavoidable part of the process and should be viewed as chances for growth rather than failures. For example, if someone learning to manage stress gives in to anxiety in a high-pressure situation, it uncovers areas needing further development. Embracing (拥抱) mistakes and learning from them can help you continually make progress. Next time you feel discouraged by the speed of change, remember Cindy’s story and find comfort in the continuous progress of your own journey. Change is an ongoing process that is never finished but can be celebrated along the way. 30．Why does the writer use Cindy’s story in Paragraph 1? A．To show the actual way change happens. B．To explain the difficulty in changing habits. C．To prove the commonness of procrastination. D．To give suggestions on improving productivity. 31．What does the word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Challenging. B．Popular. C．Special. D．Lasting. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Quick fixes are more valuable than long-term changes. B．Effective changes result from nonstop purposeful efforts. C．Celebrating small victories prevents us from making progress. D．Avoiding mistakes can help us improve ourselves more quickly. 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Setting Realistic Goals for Continuous Change B．Embracing the Slow Journey of Real Change C．Change: How Can We Control the Process? D．Change: How Does It Benefit Our Growth? 【答案】 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．B 【导语】 本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。 30．推理判断题。根据“Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits”可知，Cindy希望一夜之后她的拖延症就能改变，但实际是改变在微妙地发生着变化，则作者在第一段使用Cindy的故事是为了展示变化发生的实际方式。故选A。 31．词句猜测题。根据“If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long…It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change.”及语境可知，作者认为一次改变一些事情可能不会持续很长时间，则作者认为一次培养一个习惯的方法更持久，则划线部分应为“持久的”，与D选项lasting“持续的”意思相近。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据“Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive.…Change is an ongoing process that is never finished…”可知，作者认为在改变的过程中，目的性很重要，这样可以提供强大的方向感和动力，且变化是一个持续的过程，永远不会结束。选项B“有效的改变源于不间断的、有目的的努力”符合。故选B。 33．最佳标题题。通读全文，本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。选项B“拥抱真正改变的缓慢旅程”符合。故选B。 (西城区中考一模) People have the ability to “picture” an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound. When a dog follows its owner’s order, it’s hard to know what’s really going on inside its brain. Do dogs understand and respond (回应) to voice and words accompanying body language, or just the situation? Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words. According to a study published in Current Biology, dogs show a pattern of neural (神经的) activity that seems to show they can differentiate between words for different (objects, and are even surprised when presented with words and objects that don’t match up. Magyari, a cognitive neuroscientist, used electroencephalogram(EEG) testing to measure the electrical pulse (脉冲) inside pet dogs’ brains and found an electrical pulse    readout pattern similar to a known signal (信号) in humans. In humans, an effect called the N400 appears on EEG readouts when people meet language or other stimuli (刺激) . It’s a characteristic signal that reaches the highest around 400 milliseconds after a stimulus is presented, and gets larger when objects or images and words don’t match up. The bigger the surprise, the bigger the signal. Magyari’s team chose the pet dogs that could understand at least three object words for the test. After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e. g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains. When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings. The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different. Now scientists are eager to study this mismatch effect. It’s pretty exciting to see that there might be some more progressive ideas. 30．Why did Magyari and her team do the research? A．To compare the understanding ability of dogs and humans. B．To explain why dogs can understand the meaning behind words. C．To study whether dogs understand words the way humans do. D．To test the effectiveness of EEG in studying animal behavior. 31．Which picture can show how Magyari’s team made the test? A． B． C． D． 32．What do the words “be analogous to” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Have influences on. B．Give responses to. C．Provide explanations for. D．Share similarities with. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．The dog’s EEG readout is larger when the mismatch effect takes place. B．The chosen dogs had to learn at least three object words for the test. C．The dogs’ brain waves show how they communicate with their owners. D．Magyari’s research showed why dogs could understand their owners’ words. 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 【导语】 本文是一篇关于狗对词语理解能力的研究报道。Magyari 等认知神经科学家通过脑电图测试，发现狗能区分不同物体的词语含义，当词语和物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图会显示出类似人类 N400 信号的电脉冲模式，表明狗可能像人类一样理解词语含义，但还需进一步研究，科学家们对这一发现很感兴趣并渴望深入研究。 30．推理判断题。根据“People have the ability to ‘picture’ an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound.”以及“Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words.”可知，后面详细介绍了Magyari的研究过程和发现，说明他们做这个研究是为了探究狗是否像人类一样理解词语的含义。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据“After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e.g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains.”描述，狗和主人被一个可在透明和不透明之间快速转换的电子窗隔开，给狗播放主人声音的录音，同时通过窗户让狗看到主人的脸，之后窗户显示主人举起的物体（与播放的词语匹配或不匹配），脑电图记录狗大脑内的电脉冲。故选B。 32．词句猜测题。根据“The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different.”可知，前面说狗的电脉冲时间表明它和人类的N400信号之间的关系，后面又说因为人类和狗的大脑很不同，研究中记录的脑波可能很特别，由此可推测“be analogous to”意思是“与……有相似之处”，与“Share similarities with.”意思相符。故选D。 33．细节理解题。根据“When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings.”可知，当声音和展示的物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图读数在200到600毫秒后总是显示出最高信号，即不匹配效应发生时狗的脑电图读数更大。故选A。 (房山区中考一模) Have you ever thought about what really makes people achieve great things? Take Galileo as an example. He wasn’t just motivated (激励) by the wish to achieve the aim when he dropped objects with different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa and counted the time they took to fall to the ground. Just like Galileo, all the great people in history were curious and always asked in dissatisfaction, “Why? Why? Why?” After watching how people act in different areas for many years, just like Galileo’s search, I have realized something very important. Two qualities, curiosity and dissatisfaction, set men of great achievement apart from those who have no special performance. I have never known an excellent man who lacked either. And I have never known a mediocre man who had both. The two belong together. Luckily, we don’t need to learn curiosity and dissatisfaction. We are born with them, and we just need to bring them back. A great man from ancient China once said, “The great man is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” However, most of us do lose that childlike curiosity and dissatisfaction. We stop asking questions. We stop going against the usual ways. We just follow what others do. So, we may have to push ourselves to wake up our curiosity and dissatisfaction and keep them active. Then, how can you start? Start in a small way so that you won’t get disappointed. I have a friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to make herself happy. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now, she is one of the experts and even writes books about flower arrangement. Another way to start is to answer the excuses you make for yourself. Do you think you don’t have any special ability and time? Well, most people who have no special abilities and those with no time often manage to get things done. Harriet Stowe, a mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while she was cooking. Are you worried that you are too old? Remember that Thomas Costain published his first novel when he was 57, and Grandma Moses showed her first pictures at the age of 78. No matter how you start, always remember that there is no better time to start than right now, because you’ll never be more full of life than you are at this moment. 30．Why does the writer use the example of Galileo in Paragraph 1? A．To praise Galileo’s courage. B．To present great people’s qualities. C．To prove Galileo’s achievements. D．To describe a scientific discovery. 31．What does the word “mediocre” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Common. B．Brave. C．Talented. D．Creative. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Curiosity and dissatisfaction are natural and should be rediscovered. B．The wish to achieve the goal is the most important drive to success. C．Success depends mainly on having special abilities and better chances. D．Curiosity is more important for us than dissatisfaction when we are old. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Making excuses helps most of people start new things. B．Losing childlike curiosity is unavoidable for everyone. C．Women are more likely to succeed in writing than men. D．People without much time can still make achievements. 【答案】 30．B 31．A 32．A 33．D 【导语】 本文探讨了促使人们取得伟大成就的两个关键品质——好奇心与不满足感，并指出这些品质是与生俱来的，需要通过自我激励重新唤醒，同时鼓励人们立即行动。 30．推理判断题。根据“Just like Galileo, all the great people in history were curious and always asked in dissatisfaction, ‘Why? Why? Why?’”可知，第一段以伽利略为例，指出他并非单纯受目标驱动，而是因好奇与不满足不断追问，引出后文“所有伟人具备这两种品质”的论点。故选B。 31．词句猜测题。根据“Two qualities, curiosity and dissatisfaction, set men of great achievement apart from those who have no special performance. I have never known an excellent man who lacked either. And I have never known a mediocre man who had both. The two belong together.”可知，通过对比“优秀者必具两种品质”与“平庸者两者皆无”，且“mediocre”与“great achievement”构成反义，意为“普通的”。故选A。 32．观点态度题。根据“However, most of us do lose that childlike curiosity and dissatisfaction. We stop asking questions. We stop going against the usual ways. We just follow what others do. So, we may have to push ourselves to wake up our curiosity and dissatisfaction and keep them active.”可知，作者认为，人生来具备好奇心与不满足感，只需重新唤醒。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据“Do you think you don’t have any special ability and time? Well, most people who have no special abilities and those with no time often manage to get things done. Harriet Stowe, a mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while she was cooking.”可知，作者以以Harriet Stowe为例，强调“无特殊能力或时间的人仍可成功”。故选D。 (丰台区中考一模) It’s looking increasingly likely that 2025 will be the year “My people will talk to your people” becomes “My AI will talk to your AI.” Are you ready? OpenAI recently introduced an artificial intelligence model that emulates (模仿) human-like reasoning about complex (复杂的) problems. It even shows the steps in its reasoning, so that humans can check its work. This development was quickly emulated by other AI developers. What then followed was “agentic AI (代理式人工智能),” where AI agents (AI智能体) can be given a complex goal, and use their new reasoning power to work out the complex steps necessary to achieve that goal. Google, OpenAI and Anthropic had already made such agents available to their customers, at a cost. Then, the Chinese startup DeepSeek launched (上市) AI models that compete with the best US models and come free of charge. This has shocked AI companies in the US. DeepSeek isn’t just new competition for established players; it created its model without the latest processors (处理器) and at a low cost of its competitors. Moreover, the model is open, allowing other AI developers to understand how it works, emulate it and use it in novel ways. Most importantly, DeepSeek AI’s entry into a previously closed market will speed up the presence of AI agents, greatly affecting humans and human society. It isn’t hard to see how agentic AI will make businesses more efficient (效率高的). But AI is sure to disrupt (打乱) social systems. Humans are social creatures. While AI models are designed for problem solving, human minds are far more focused on human relationships. Some people are happy solving problems alone, but most of us eventually end up around the coffee bar or water cooler socializing. But as AI agents become agentic, they will increasingly shape our self-understanding. With robots or androids, we might begin to see an ever more machine-like understanding of ourselves. The more we treat technology like a human partner, the more we will understand ourselves as a form of technology. AI agents will quicken that process. Before this goes further, we should stop and take stock of (仔细审视) our own humanity. We will not find our humanity in our AI companions. It can only be found within our fellow humans, and only by doing what we humans alone are known to do: imagining together fuller and richer humanity than any technology could emulate or create. 30．What started the connected reactions in AI development? A．OpenAI’s explainable reasoning model. B．DeepSeek’s problems. C．DeepSeek’s low-cost strategy. D．Human’s love for video games. 31．According to the passage, what do you know about DeepSeek? A．It uses the latest processors to create its AI model. B．Its AI model is more expensive than US models. C．Its AI model is available to users without cost. D．It doesn’t compete with US AI companies. 32．What warning does the author give about AI agents? A．They may change the way humans act. B．They cannot understand scientific concepts. C．They need expensive processors to function. D．They will destroy traditional business models. 33．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the development of AI. B．To show the advantages of AI agents. C．To encourage people to develop better AI agents. D．To call on people to think about humanity when using AI. 【答案】 30．A 31．C 32．A 33．D 【导语】 本文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，以及人工智能给人类带来的影响。 30．细节理解题。根据“OpenAI recently introduced an artificial intelligence model that emulates human-like reasoning about complex problems.”可知，OpenAI推出的可解释推理模型引发了AI开发的一系列连锁反应。故选A。 31．细节理解题。根据“Then, the Chinese startup DeepSeek launched (上市) AI models that compete with the best US models and come free of charge.”可知中国初创公司DeepSeek推出了与美国最佳模型竞争的AI模型，并且免费提供。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“Moreover, the model is open, allowing other AI developers to understand how it works, emulate it and use it in novel ways. Most importantly, DeepSeek AI’s entry into a previously closed market will speed up the presence of AI agents, greatly affecting humans and human society.”可知最重要的是，DeepSeek AI进入一个以前封闭的市场将加速人工智能代理的出现，这对人类和人类社会产生重大影响。故选A。 33．推理判断题。根据“The more we treat technology like a human partner, the more we will understand ourselves as a form of technology. AI agents will quicken that process. Before this goes further, we should stop and take stock of (仔细审视) our own humanity.”可知作者是呼吁人们在人工智能时思考人性，故选D。 (大兴区中考一模) Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 30．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 31．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. 【答案】 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 【导语】 本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 30．推理判断题。根据“And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them.”可知，第二段在举例介绍眼镜、手机，他们已经是我们生活的一部分了。故选A。 31．词句猜测题。根据“Exos are wearable devices that support or augment movement or performance through physical work.”可知，这是一种可以通过体力劳动支持或增强运动或表现的装置，故augment指“改善，提高”。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future.”可知，在不久的将来，Exos甚至可能成为某些工作的标准工具或安全设备。故选项B“将来Exos可以帮助工人做事情更安全”符合。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据全文大意可知，作者写这篇文章主要是介绍名叫exoskeleton的新科技。故选C。 (门头沟中考一模) Climate change, disease, and hunger are big problems in the world. Climate activists (活动家) need to use both fear and hope to get people to care and take action. Fear can make people feel like they need to do something right away, but hope can make them feel like they can actually make a difference. Activists must carefully find a balance between negative and positive advocacy (倡导). If activists only use fear, it can backfire. People might feel so scared that they just give up instead of trying to help. Psychologists have found different feelings people have when they see scary things about the climate. These include eco-depression (feeling very sad) and eco-anxiety (feeling very worried). Feeling sad can make a person give up and not do anything about the climate, and feeling worried can make a person want to avoid the problem. Both of these feelings can stop people from taking action. Activists often use really shocking pictures to make people take action. These pictures might show sad polar bears, forests that have been cut down, or big fires. But instead of making people want to help, these pictures sometimes make people feel like the problems are far away and not important. This can make them stop caring about the environment. It’s kind of like how eco-anxiety works—people feel so worried that they just avoid thinking about it. Without hope, fear isn’t an effective motivator (激励因素). People need to believe their actions will make a real difference. Positive activism (行动主义) steps in where negative activism ends. It uses hope and excitement to motivate action, focusing on the positive results of taking action, not just the bad results of not acting. A good example is the Irish rock band U2. They are famous for their great music and concerts. In their latest concert “Achtung Baby”, they showed a virtual (虚拟的) world of Earth’s wildlife. At first, they showed animals that were in danger in just one color to show how bad it was when their homes were destroyed. As the concert reached its most exciting part, the colors got brighter and more beautiful, like a big celebration of life. The performance changed from negative to positive, inspiring people to protect Earth’s beauty together. Fear is a powerful emotion. We need fear. But we cannot remain in fear without moving forward. While fear will not disappear, we must focus our thoughts on hope. With hope as our guide, a beautiful goal can encourage us to take every step of progress forward. 30．What does the word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Produce a loud noise. B．Move backward quickly. C．Have the opposite effect. D．Start a fire in the backyard. 31．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 5? A．To show music is a powerful tool for protecting animals. B．To stress the role of hope and excitement in driving action. C．To prove concerts are effective platforms for environmental education. D．To present the importance of technology in holding successful concerts. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Fear alone is not enough to make people take action. B．Sad pictures can make people care about the environment. C．Activists should focus more on the negative sides of problems. D．People will take action if they see beautiful and colorful pictures. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To advise people to avoid fear when solving environmental problems. B．To show people what animals are in danger because of climate change. C．To inspire people to balance fear and hope in dealing with worldwide problems. D．To tell people the seriousness of global problems like climate change and hunger. 【答案】 30．C 31．B 32．A 33．C 【导语】 本文探讨了应对气候变化、疾病与饥饿等全球性问题时，环保活动家应如何在“恐惧”与“希望”之间取得平衡，以有效激励公众行动。 30．词句猜测题。根据“People might feel so scared that they just give up instead of trying to help. ”可知人们因过度恐惧而放弃行动，因此，“backfire”指“产生与预期相反的效果”，故选C。 31．细节理解题。根据“The performance changed from negative to positive, inspiring people to protect Earth's beauty together.”可知U2的演唱会从消极转为积极，激励人们共同保护地球的美丽，强调希望和兴奋在推动行动方面所起的作用，故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据“People might feel so scared that they just give up instead of trying to help.”和“Feeling sad can make a person give up and not do anything about the climate, and feeling worried can make a person want to avoid the problem. Both of these feelings can stop people from taking action.”可知仅仅是恐惧不足以促使人们采取行动，故选A。 33．细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者通过分析恐惧的局限性和希望的力量，呼吁在倡导中平衡二者，最终目标是激励人们以“希望为导向”应对全球问题。选项C“激励人们在应对全球性问题时平衡恐惧与希望”符合语境，故选C。 (平谷区中考一模) Do Primates Make Friends Like Humans? Primates, such as bonobos and chimpanzees, are brainy animals that live in complex (复杂的) social groups, similar to humans. They form friendships both within and outside their families. But do primates create friendships in the same way as humans do? Scientists study their behavior to find out. Friendship among primates can be noticed through behaviors like grooming. For example, bonobos in the Democratic Republic of the Congo often remove parasites (寄生虫) from each other’s fur. This behavior shows a close relationship, much like how humans help friends. However, understanding friendship in animals is more complex than just observing these behaviors. Primates’ survival depends on their ability to interact socially. They use awareness—knowledge stored in memory—to understand the goals and intentions (意图) of others. For example, if a primate sees another one moving towards him, it might wonder if the other one wants to play or fight. This ability to predict goals is key for forming friendships. However, not all interactions involve understanding intentions. Sometimes, primates react based on sensory inputs like touch or sound. For example, if a primate is hit after a foot stamp (跺脚), it might fear foot stamping in the future, without understanding the intention behind it. Primates use gestures and sounds to communicate, which helps them understand each other’s goals. For example, a bonobo might touch another gently to signal a desire for grooming. This intentional communication enables them to focus closely on the other one’s goal, making it easier to form friendships. Communication helps primates build strong social connections. Stress affects primates’ ability to form friendships. When primates feel really stressed, they only think about the danger right in front of them and don’t pay attention to unclear social hints (暗示). Chronic (慢性的) stress can make the situation worse, as primates may altogether avoid social interactions. However, intentional communication can help overcome this. For example, stressed chimpanzees use attention-getting gestures to signal friendship, even when they don’t know the other well. Studying primates helps us understand our own social behaviors. This research also highlights the importance of communication in forming, building and keeping social ties. By understanding these behaviors, we can better appreciate the social nature of primates and humans alike. 30．Why does the writer write paragraph 2? A．To explain how primates use grooming to form friendships. B．To lead in the complexity of understanding animal friendships. C．To argue that primates form friendships only within their families. D．To discuss the influence of stress on primates’ social interactions. 31．What does the word “highlight” in the last paragraph mean? A．draws attention to B．passes over C．leaves out D．builds up 32．What do we know from the passage? A．The ability of building friendship is key to goal-predicting. B．Primates use only sensory inputs to interact with each other. C．Intentional communication is important for primates to form connections. D．Stress has a positive effectiveness on primates’ ability to form friendships. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To compare the social behaviors of primates and humans. B．To encourage people to understand the friendship in animals. C．To discuss the effects of stress on primates’ social interactions. D．To explain how communication helps primates build friendships. 【答案】 30．B 31．A 32．C 33．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了灵长类动物如何通过行为、沟通和社交互动来建立友谊，并探讨了这些行为与人类社交行为的相似性。 30．推理判断题。根据文章第2段“Friendship among primates can be noticed through behaviors like grooming. However, understanding friendship in animals is more complex than just observing these behaviors.”可知，灵长类动物之间的友谊可以通过梳理毛发等行为来观察。然而，理解动物之间的友谊比仅仅观察这些行为要复杂得多。由此可知作者通过梳理毛发行为引入对动物友谊复杂性的讨论。故选B。 31．词句猜测题。根据文章最后一段“This research also highlights the importance of communication in forming, building and keeping social ties.”可知，这是总结研究的意义，强调沟通在建立、维系和保持社会联系中的重要性。“highlight”意思是“强调”或“引起注意”。故选A。 32．细节理解题。根据文章第5段“This intentional communication enables them to focus closely on the other one’s goal, making it easier to form friendships.”可知，这种有意识的交流使他们能够密切关注对方的目标，从而更容易建立友谊。即有意的沟通对灵长类动物建立联系非常重要。故选C。 33．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第5段和第6段，作者主要讨论了沟通在灵长类动物建立友谊中的重要性。故选D。 (石景山区中考一模) Fear is a natural and necessary emotion. It helps us recognize dangers and avoid risks. However, fear can also affect our ability to make wise decisions, sometimes preventing us from taking necessary actions or making positive changes in life. Fear influences decision-making in several ways. First, it makes us more aware of risks. When we are faced with an important choice, fear can make us focus too much on what could go wrong rather than what could go right. For example, a student who fears failing an exam might avoid studying, believing he will fail no matter what. This avoidance isn’t a logical (有逻辑的) decision but an emotional reaction caused by fear. Second, fear often leads to overgeneralization. People are more likely to think that a negative experience in the past means similar situations will have the same outcome. If someone once gave a speech and forgot their lines, they might avoid public speaking. However, one failure does not decide future outcomes—learning and practice can lead to improvement. Another common reaction to fear is overthinking. Fear makes the brain focus too much on every possible outcome, leading to a state where a person is unable to make a decision at all. For example, someone considering a job change might worry too much about disliking the work environment. This worry prevents progress and keeps them in their comfort zone. Interestingly, fear also affects group decisions. When people make choices in groups, fear of judgment or disagreement can cause them to follow suit, even if they have different thoughts. This is called groupthink, where fear of standing out leads to poor decision-making. Since fear plays such a strong role in shaping decisions, how can we manage it effectively? The first step is to recognize when fear is influencing a choice. Instead of avoiding action, one can ask: “Is this fear protecting me, or is it holding me back?” This simple question helps separate real risks from imagined dangers. Another useful method is challenging fearful thoughts. If fear tells someone they are not good enough to succeed, they can recall past successes. By changing their ways of thinking, people can make choices guided by reason rather than fear. Finally, taking manageable steps toward a goal reduces fear’s influence. Rather than avoiding a challenge completely, breaking it into smaller actions helps build confidence and makes fear less powerful. Fear is not always a bad thing, but allowing it to control decisions limits growth and opportunity. By recognizing, questioning, and managing fear, we can make better, more confident choices in life. 30．How does fear prevent people from making good decisions? A．It encourages them to take risks more often. B．It leads them to forget the results of their actions. C．It limits their ability of predicting possible outcomes. D．It makes them more likely to focus on possible failures. 31．What may happen if fear leads to overgeneralization? A．People avoid thinking too much about results. B．People use past failures to judge future situations. C．People are more likely to make thought-out choices. D．People discover better ways to deal with challenges. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Avoiding challenges after failure is a safe and wise choice. B．Most people can recognize when fear affects their thinking. C．Fear should be reduced when it stops us from moving forward. D．Agreeing with others is better than voicing your own opinions. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to respect their natural emotion. B．To discuss the necessity of challenging fearful thoughts. C．To show how fear shapes the future and ways to make right decisions. D．To explain the effect of fear on decision-making and ways to manage it. 【答案】 30．D 31．B 32．C 33．D 【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了恐惧对人类决策的影响及应对策略。 30．细节理解题。根据“When we are faced with an important choice, fear can make us focus too much on what could go wrong rather than what could go right.”可知，恐惧使人过度关注潜在失败而非积极结果。故选D。 31．细节理解题。根据“People are more likely to think that a negative experience in the past means similar situations will have the same outcome.”可推知，过度概括会导致人们用过去失败经历预判未来。故选B。 32．推理判断题。根据“Fear is not always a bad thing, but allowing it to control decisions limits growth and opportunity.”及“taking manageable steps toward a goal reduces fear’s influence”可知，作者主张当恐惧阻碍行动时应主动管理。选项C“当恐惧阻止我们前进时，应减少它”与之相符。故选C。 33．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章结构为“提出问题：恐惧的影响→ 分析影响：决策方式→ 解决方案：管理方法”，围绕“恐惧如何影响决策”及“如何应对恐惧”。选项D“解释恐惧对决策的影响及管理方法”与文意相符。故选D。 (大兴区中考一模) Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 30．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 31．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. 【答案】 30．A 31．D 32．B 33．C 【导语】 本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 30．推理判断题。根据“And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them.”可知，第二段在举例介绍眼镜、手机，他们已经是我们生活的一部分了。故选A。 31．词句猜测题。根据“Exos are wearable devices that support or augment movement or performance through physical work.”可知，这是一种可以通过体力劳动支持或增强运动或表现的装置，故augment指“改善，提高”。故选D。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future.”可知，在不久的将来，Exos甚至可能成为某些工作的标准工具或安全设备。故选项B“将来Exos可以帮助工人做事情更安全”符合。故选B。 33．推理判断题。根据全文大意可知，作者写这篇文章主要是介绍名叫exoskeleton的新科技。故选C。 (顺义区中考一模) Should Sugary Drinks Be Banned (禁止)? How many sugary drinks do you drink a day? A number of recent studies have warned of the dangers of taking in too much sugar. But just how bad are these drinks for us? The consumption (消耗) of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing. In the 1970s, sugary drinks made up about 4% of US daily calorie intake; by 2001, that had risen to about 9%. These days, it’s about 327 calories a day, which is equal to about 2. 5 cans of cola, according to a study by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention. On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks; 1 in 4 get at least 200 calories from such drinks; and 5% get at least 567 calories—equivalent to 4 cans of soda. Sugary drinks (soda, energy drinks, sports drinks) are the top calorie source in teens’ diets (226 calories per day), beating out pizza (213 calories per day). There’s a lot of evidence that sugary drinks can lead to serious medical complications, and even death. Research presented at an American Heart Association conference showed that 180, 000 deaths worldwide are linked to sugary drinks. “A large number of deaths each year are caused by drinking sugary drinks,” said Dr Gitanjali Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research has linked the intake (摄入) of sugar-sweetened drinks to 133, 000 diabetes deaths, 44, 000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6, 000 cancer deaths. “Our findings should push policy makers worldwide to make effective policies to reduce consumption of sugary drinks, such as taxation, mass-media campaigns, and reducing the availability of these drinks.” The increase in sugar consumption from sugary drinks can also lead to obesity. In turn, this can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, fatty liver disease, dementia and heart problems. On top of that, research shows that carbonated drinks can cause both dental erosion and tooth decay. In response, the USDA has banned snack foods and sugary drinks in schools. The new law (under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act) was passed by Congress in 2010 with broad bipartisan support. So, surely the logical thing would be to drink something healthier, such as orange juice. Well, apparently that might not be a good idea either. According to the American obesity expert Robert Lustig, orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a “poison”. Lustig is the author of Fat Chance: The Bitter Truth about Sugar. “Calorie for calorie, 100% orange juice is worse for you than sugary sodas,” Lustig says. When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is “nicely balanced” by the fibre, giving the liver a chance to fully metabolise (新陈代谢) what’s coming in. However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver. Of course, no one is suggesting you give up on your favorite drinks, but as with everything, drink in moderation (适量). And when in doubt, you can always try a bit of that transparent stuff that makes up about 60% of our bodies: water! 30．Why does the writer mention so many numbers in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss what effects sugary drinks have on health. B．To describe the types of sugary drinks people consume. C．To explain why sugary drinks have become more popular. D．To stress the increasing of sugary drinks people consume. 31．What does the word “poison” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Something good for energy. B．Something helpful for heart. C．Something harmful to health. D．Something unpleasant to taste. 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating apples is healthier than drinking apple juice. B．Half the people in the world drink orange juice every day. C．Moderation in sugary drinks intake helps support good health. D．Many countries have taken action to ban sugary drinks in schools. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To remind us of the risk of consuming sugary drinks. B．To introduce the history of sugary drink consumption. C．To suggest limiting the intake of sugary drinks reasonably. D．To compare the intake of sugary drinks with that of water. 【答案】 30．D 31．C 32．A 33．C 【导语】 本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了含糖饮料的危害以及是否应该禁止含糖饮料的问题。 30．细节理解题。根据文章第2段“The consumption of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing… On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks…”可知，作者列举了大量数据，目的是强调含糖饮料的消费量在不断增加。故选D。 31．词句猜测题。根据文章第7段“orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a ‘poison’”可知，Robert Lustig认为橙汁含糖量高，对健康有害。故选C。 32．推理判断题。根据文章第7段“When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is ‘nicely balanced’ by the fibre… However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver”可知，吃整个苹果比喝苹果汁更健康。故选A。 33．主旨大意题。文章通过数据和专家观点，指出含糖饮料的危害，并建议适量饮用，最后推荐喝水。因此作者的主要目的是呼吁合理限制含糖饮料摄入（对应选项C）。选项A（提醒风险）是部分内容，但未涵盖建议部分。故选C。 (通州区中考一模) Scientists have recognized that emotions (情感) play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning. Awe (敬畏) is one such emotion, the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding. Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However, a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium’s (天文馆) films to the center. Before entering, they answered questions about their knowledge of the film’s topic, their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films: one about Earth’s climate system, one about the Northern Lights, and one about stars and planets. After watching their chosen film, the viewers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically (批判性). Finally, they completed a task to test how well they remembered about the film. The study proved that planetarium films created awe in viewers. They described experiencing awe, stronger or weaker depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that viewers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task, the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower correctness in noticing mistakes, false statements, and inferences (推断). Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film. Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects. 30．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1? A．To tell why emotions are connected to understanding. B．To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge. C．To show how different emotions influence learning activities. D．To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments. 31．What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Dealt with. B．Broke through. C．Taken away. D．Resulted in. 32．What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage? A．The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments. B．Earlier knowledge was likely to lead to wrong judgments about inferences. C．Critical thinking weakened viewers’ sense of connection to the environment. D．The visitors needed to be divided into three groups according to their knowledge. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain people’s choices of films about experiencing awe. B．To report the effects of awe on learning and interest in science. C．To prove the importance of doing research on awe scientifically. D．To discuss the solutions to increasing curiosity in science through awe. 【答案】 30．C 31．D 32．B 33．B 【导语】 本文主要介绍了一项在自然环境中研究“敬畏”情感对学习和科学兴趣影响的实验，实验表明在观看天文馆影片时体验到的敬畏感能极大地增加观众对相关主题的兴趣，且与记忆等方面存在一定联系。 30．细节理解题。根据“For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning.”可知，通过好奇和无聊这两种不同情感对学习的不同影响，说明了不同情感是如何影响学习活动的。故选C。 31．词义猜测题。根据“The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe.”可知，关于北极光的电影呈现的信息更难理解，这可能导致了更强烈的敬畏感；据此可以推断，划线单词“contributed to”意为“导致”，与“resulted in”意思相近。故选D。 32．细节理解题。根据“Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.” 可知，有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误和虚假陈述，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影，即先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断。故选B。 33．主旨大意题。综合全文，尤其是根据最后一段“experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects”可知，文章开篇指出情感在学习中起重要作用，接着介绍了关于敬畏情感的研究，最后得出在电影中感受到敬畏极大地增加了观众对主题的兴趣，这一发现支持了敬畏可以激发好奇心并驱使人们对科学相关学科更感兴趣的观点，即报告了敬畏感对学习和科学兴趣的影响。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 2 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题六 阅读理解D篇（2025年中考一模新题速递）北京专用 考情导向 1 (海淀区中考一模)本文主要介绍了好奇心的好处以及如何培养好奇心。 2 (朝阳区中考一模)本文是一篇议论文，通过“剧场效应”理论解释了人们为何会陷入无意义的竞争，并结合实验和进化心理学分析其根源，最后提出避免无效竞争的建议。 3 (东城区中考一模)本文主要通过Cindy改善拖延症的故事告诉我们改变是缓慢且有波折的，但改变是一个持续的过程，我们应当正视缓慢而持久的改变。 4 (西城区中考一模)本文是一篇关于狗对词语理解能力的研究报道。Magyari 等认知神经科学家通过脑电图测试，发现狗能区分不同物体的词语含义，当词语和物体不匹配时，狗的脑电图会显示出类似人类 N400 信号的电脉冲模式，表明狗可能像人类一样理解词语含义，但还需进一步研究，科学家们对这一发现很感兴趣并渴望深入研究。 5 (房山区中考一模)本文探讨了促使人们取得伟大成就的两个关键品质——好奇心与不满足感，并指出这些品质是与生俱来的，需要通过自我激励重新唤醒，同时鼓励人们立即行动。 7 (丰台区中考一模)本文主要讲述了人工智能的发展，以及人工智能给人类带来的影响。 8 (大兴区中考一模)本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 10 (门头沟中考一模)本文探讨了应对气候变化、疾病与饥饿等全球性问题时，环保活动家应如何在“恐惧”与“希望”之间取得平衡，以有效激励公众行动。 11 (平谷区中考一模)本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了灵长类动物如何通过行为、沟通和社交互动来建立友谊，并探讨了这些行为与人类社交行为的相似性。 12 (石景山区中考一模)本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了恐惧对人类决策的影响及应对策略。 14 (大兴区中考一模)本文主要介绍人类增强技术对社会的影响。 15 (顺义区中考一模)本文是一篇议论文，主要讨论了含糖饮料的危害以及是否应该禁止含糖饮料的问题。 16 (通州区中考一模)本文主要介绍了一项在自然环境中研究“敬畏”情感对学习和科学兴趣影响的实验，实验表明在观看天文馆影片时体验到的敬畏感能极大地增加观众对相关主题的兴趣，且与记忆等方面存在一定联系。 18 考情导向 阅读理解D篇多为说明文或议论文，考查多种阅读能力：既考查字面意思的理解，也考查深层含义的理解涉及获取细节和要点、推断隐含信息、概括归纳段落或语篇主旨等阅读能力。要求学生具备一定的语篇知识和逻辑思维能力，能理解句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间以及语篇标题、插图及正文之间的逻辑关系。 主要考察点： 1)考查获取细节信息；2)考查推断信息； 3)考查归纳语篇主旨；4)考查推断作者观点 (海淀区中考一模) Children have an unbelievably curious mind. They explore new things for no other reason except that they just desire (渴望) to know. But as kids grow, they often fall into fixed thinking patterns. George Land, a researcher from NASA, studied 1, 600 children, testing their creative potential and curiosity levels at age 5, 10, and 15. The first time these kids took the test, 98% scored the highest possible score. Five years later, only 30% of them scored well. For the third time—by then in high school—only 12% of the kids did well. This dramatic decrease in curiosity could be caused by their increase in knowledge, according to George Land. Once they feel like there’s no gap (缺口) between what they know and what they want to know, they just stop acting curious. Curiosity, it seems, gets unlearned as people age. But why should we care? Research shows that allowing our curiosity to be piqued can be very good for our mind. For example, when presented with an interesting puzzle that doesn’t have a clear answer, your brain is highly activated—it gets ready for learning and becomes more creative in handling related tasks. Lit by curiosity, the mind sharpens its focus and gains a fresh perspective (角度) . In education, curiosity serves as a stepping stone to academic (学术的) success. For one thing, it boosts memory. A study in Neuron finds that when participants are highly curious about a fact, they are 30% more likely to remember it. Curiosity also builds patience. A study from Duke University shows that curious people are more willing to wait for the solution to a puzzle, while less curious people always rush through tasks, missing opportunities for deeper learning. The benefits of curiosity do not end here. Greater curiosity can make people more open to hearing others’ opinions, even if they differ from their own. This openness is key to productive disagreements and helps avoid problems like groupthink, where poor decision-making happens because people don’t consider different viewpoints. Ready to do more to develop your curiosity? The good news is that low levels of curiosity don't mean your curiosity is just gone. In fact, you can actively train your curiosity. One effective way is to ask yourself questions and write them down and find the answers later. This simple step of finding gaps in your knowledge naturally inspires more curiosity. We all start out curious. It’s our choice to be curious or not. As physicist Richard Feynman wisely said, “Nearly everything is really interesting if you go into it deeply enough.” And with the proven benefits, you may be surprised where curiosity leads you. 30．According to the passage, some people stop being curious because ________. A．they develop a more open mindset as they age B．they try to focus on their work rather than the mind C．their knowledge increase weakens their desire to know D．their study interest drops after getting poor scores at school 31．The word “piqued” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ________. A．tested B．raised C．explained D．received 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Less curious people often suffer more from memory loss. B．High curiosity pushes people to look for quick solutions. C．Curiosity allows healthy disagreement within a group. D．Curiosity can be improved by remembering knowledge. 33．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To prove the possibility of training curiosity. B．To encourage people to restore their curiosity. C．To show how curiosity leads to academic success. D．To explore different reasons for developing curiosity. (朝阳区中考一模) In many areas of life, people compete even when it does not benefit them. Office workers stay late at work to avoid looking lazy. On social media, people feel pressured to post perfect photos. These situations all come from a problem called the theater effect, which explains why people find it hard to stop competing, even when it is unnecessary. The theater effect happens when one person tries to do better, forcing others to follow. In the end, everyone works harder, but no one truly benefits. Imagine watching a movie—if the people in front stand up, those behind must stand too. Finally, everyone is standing, but the view remains the same. A well-known experiment at Stanford University tested this idea. Researchers invited 200 people to bid (竞标) for a $100 bill. The highest bidder won, but the second-highest still had to pay. At first, bids were small, but as the price neared $100, people refused to stop. Some even bid more than $100 just to avoid losing their earlier bids. This irrational behavior shows that once competition begins, people realize that it’s hard to stop competing, even when it no longer makes sense. The theater effect comes from early human survival instincts (本能). Back then, the dopamine system (多巴胺系统) in our brain made us feel good about short-term success, like catching food, because it ensured survival. Today, this same system drives us to aim for victory in competitions—even when the results are meaningless. However, modern life is different. Today, while basic needs are no longer a big problem for us, we should learn to think clearly. Then how can we stop this kind of useless competition? First, we should know that we don’t need to win all the time to prove our value. Real growth means doing better than before, not better than others. Second, we should take a moment to ask ourselves, “Are we doing it because we truly enjoy it, or just because we are afraid to be left behind?” Another important point is to aim for meaningful goals, not just to win. Focus on what truly matters, and feel peace in your heart—that is how we find real happiness. So next time you feel pressured to “stand up”, just because others do, ask yourself: Is this really the best choice for me? 30．According to the passage, which is probably the example of the theater effect? A．A family enjoys a quiet dinner without surfing the internet. B．A company gives praise to workers for their continual efforts. C．People set a long-term goal to exercise more for better health. D．Students sign up for more classes because others are doing so. 31．What does the word “irrational” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Unreasonable. B．Worthless. C．Meaningful. D．Beneficial. 32．The writer probably agrees that ________. A．joining in competitions is a good way to show your value B．it is wise to stop and think before joining in a competition C．competition is important and always helps us move forward D．following others is a safe way to avoid making wrong choices 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To compare research findings on over-competition. B．To guide people to go for more successful achievements. C．To encourage people to care less about their basic needs. D．To advise readers to make choices that truly suit themselves. (东城区中考一模) Cindy, an office worker, has fought against procrastination (拖延) for years. She expects that one day she’ll wake up different, ready to deal with her to-do list effectively. But change doesn’t come overnight. Instead, Cindy notices small changes in her habits—choosing to complete a task right away rather than putting it off, setting short-term goals like finishing a report by the end of the week, and celebrating small achievements like meeting a deadline. These seemingly unimportant steps lead to a far-reaching change in her productivity and mindset over time. Like Cindy’s journey, real change is a slow and often unnoticeable process (过程). We live in a world that values quick fixes and immediate results, but actual growth happens little by little. Change is like a path with ups and downs and twists and turns. The key lies in the willingness to respond (回应) differently to each situation, make adjustments (调整), and learn from our mistakes. If you try to change something at once, probably the change doesn’t last very long. Instead, working on one habit at a time provides a more sustainable method. It helps to avoid burnout and ensures that each positive change has time to take root and grow stronger, leading to meaningful change. Purposefulness is important in the process of change. Setting clear, realistic goals connected with personal values can provide a powerful sense of direction and drive. For example, if you want to improve your communication skills, you might start by practicing active listening during conversations. At the beginning, the changes may be small—a bit more patience here, a better choice of words there—but these purposeful acts gradually build stronger, more effective communication habits. It’s also necessary to recognize and celebrate small victories. Each step forward, no matter how small, is proof to your promise and effort. No journey of change is without its missteps. Mistakes are an unavoidable part of the process and should be viewed as chances for growth rather than failures. For example, if someone learning to manage stress gives in to anxiety in a high-pressure situation, it uncovers areas needing further development. Embracing (拥抱) mistakes and learning from them can help you continually make progress. Next time you feel discouraged by the speed of change, remember Cindy’s story and find comfort in the continuous progress of your own journey. Change is an ongoing process that is never finished but can be celebrated along the way. 30．Why does the writer use Cindy’s story in Paragraph 1? A．To show the actual way change happens. B．To explain the difficulty in changing habits. C．To prove the commonness of procrastination. D．To give suggestions on improving productivity. 31．What does the word “sustainable” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Challenging. B．Popular. C．Special. D．Lasting. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Quick fixes are more valuable than long-term changes. B．Effective changes result from nonstop purposeful efforts. C．Celebrating small victories prevents us from making progress. D．Avoiding mistakes can help us improve ourselves more quickly. 33．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Setting Realistic Goals for Continuous Change B．Embracing the Slow Journey of Real Change C．Change: How Can We Control the Process? D．Change: How Does It Benefit Our Growth? (西城区中考一模) People have the ability to “picture” an object inside their minds’ eye from memory. However, it’s unclear if dogs share this ability to imagine something that’s not there from a sound. When a dog follows its owner’s order, it’s hard to know what’s really going on inside its brain. Do dogs understand and respond (回应) to voice and words accompanying body language, or just the situation? Behavioral studies have offered some findings, but new research shows that dogs really understand the meaning behind words. According to a study published in Current Biology, dogs show a pattern of neural (神经的) activity that seems to show they can differentiate between words for different (objects, and are even surprised when presented with words and objects that don’t match up. Magyari, a cognitive neuroscientist, used electroencephalogram(EEG) testing to measure the electrical pulse (脉冲) inside pet dogs’ brains and found an electrical pulse    readout pattern similar to a known signal (信号) in humans. In humans, an effect called the N400 appears on EEG readouts when people meet language or other stimuli (刺激) . It’s a characteristic signal that reaches the highest around 400 milliseconds after a stimulus is presented, and gets larger when objects or images and words don’t match up. The bigger the surprise, the bigger the signal. Magyari’s team chose the pet dogs that could understand at least three object words for the test. After the dogs got used to the lab, they were separated from their owners by an electronic window that could quickly change from transparent (透明的) to non-transparent. The dogs were played recordings of their owners’ voices calling their attention to one of five familiar objects (e. g. ‘Fido, look, apple’), while being shown their owners’ faces through the window. After a period of non-transparent, the window would show the owner holding up one of the objects—either a match to the played words, or a mismatch. Meanwhile, the EEG recorded the electronic pulses going on inside their brains. When there was a mismatch between the voice and the object presented, the dogs’ EEG readouts always showed a highest signal between 200 and 600 milliseconds later—showing that dogs can differentiate between the meanings of some words. The dogs had the largest brain response when the most well-known words were paired with mismatched objects, further supporting the findings. The timing of the dogs’ electrical pulse suggests it could be analogous to the human N400 signal, though follow-up research would be necessary to test this idea. It’s possible that the brain wave recorded in the study is something special, because human and dog brains are so different. Now scientists are eager to study this mismatch effect. It’s pretty exciting to see that there might be some more progressive ideas. 30．Why did Magyari and her team do the research? A．To compare the understanding ability of dogs and humans. B．To explain why dogs can understand the meaning behind words. C．To study whether dogs understand words the way humans do. D．To test the effectiveness of EEG in studying animal behavior. 31．Which picture can show how Magyari’s team made the test? A． B． C． D． 32．What do the words “be analogous to” in the last paragraph most probably mean? A．Have influences on. B．Give responses to. C．Provide explanations for. D．Share similarities with. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．The dog’s EEG readout is larger when the mismatch effect takes place. B．The chosen dogs had to learn at least three object words for the test. C．The dogs’ brain waves show how they communicate with their owners. D．Magyari’s research showed why dogs could understand their owners’ words. (房山区中考一模) Have you ever thought about what really makes people achieve great things? Take Galileo as an example. He wasn’t just motivated (激励) by the wish to achieve the aim when he dropped objects with different weights from the Leaning Tower of Pisa and counted the time they took to fall to the ground. Just like Galileo, all the great people in history were curious and always asked in dissatisfaction, “Why? Why? Why?” After watching how people act in different areas for many years, just like Galileo’s search, I have realized something very important. Two qualities, curiosity and dissatisfaction, set men of great achievement apart from those who have no special performance. I have never known an excellent man who lacked either. And I have never known a mediocre man who had both. The two belong together. Luckily, we don’t need to learn curiosity and dissatisfaction. We are born with them, and we just need to bring them back. A great man from ancient China once said, “The great man is he who does not lose his child’s heart.” However, most of us do lose that childlike curiosity and dissatisfaction. We stop asking questions. We stop going against the usual ways. We just follow what others do. So, we may have to push ourselves to wake up our curiosity and dissatisfaction and keep them active. Then, how can you start? Start in a small way so that you won’t get disappointed. I have a friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to make herself happy. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now, she is one of the experts and even writes books about flower arrangement. Another way to start is to answer the excuses you make for yourself. Do you think you don’t have any special ability and time? Well, most people who have no special abilities and those with no time often manage to get things done. Harriet Stowe, a mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while she was cooking. Are you worried that you are too old? Remember that Thomas Costain published his first novel when he was 57, and Grandma Moses showed her first pictures at the age of 78. No matter how you start, always remember that there is no better time to start than right now, because you’ll never be more full of life than you are at this moment. 30．Why does the writer use the example of Galileo in Paragraph 1? A．To praise Galileo’s courage. B．To present great people’s qualities. C．To prove Galileo’s achievements. D．To describe a scientific discovery. 31．What does the word “mediocre” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Common. B．Brave. C．Talented. D．Creative. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Curiosity and dissatisfaction are natural and should be rediscovered. B．The wish to achieve the goal is the most important drive to success. C．Success depends mainly on having special abilities and better chances. D．Curiosity is more important for us than dissatisfaction when we are old. 33．What can we learn from the passage? A．Making excuses helps most of people start new things. B．Losing childlike curiosity is unavoidable for everyone. C．Women are more likely to succeed in writing than men. D．People without much time can still make achievements. (丰台区中考一模) It’s looking increasingly likely that 2025 will be the year “My people will talk to your people” becomes “My AI will talk to your AI.” Are you ready? OpenAI recently introduced an artificial intelligence model that emulates (模仿) human-like reasoning about complex (复杂的) problems. It even shows the steps in its reasoning, so that humans can check its work. This development was quickly emulated by other AI developers. What then followed was “agentic AI (代理式人工智能),” where AI agents (AI智能体) can be given a complex goal, and use their new reasoning power to work out the complex steps necessary to achieve that goal. Google, OpenAI and Anthropic had already made such agents available to their customers, at a cost. Then, the Chinese startup DeepSeek launched (上市) AI models that compete with the best US models and come free of charge. This has shocked AI companies in the US. DeepSeek isn’t just new competition for established players; it created its model without the latest processors (处理器) and at a low cost of its competitors. Moreover, the model is open, allowing other AI developers to understand how it works, emulate it and use it in novel ways. Most importantly, DeepSeek AI’s entry into a previously closed market will speed up the presence of AI agents, greatly affecting humans and human society. It isn’t hard to see how agentic AI will make businesses more efficient (效率高的). But AI is sure to disrupt (打乱) social systems. Humans are social creatures. While AI models are designed for problem solving, human minds are far more focused on human relationships. Some people are happy solving problems alone, but most of us eventually end up around the coffee bar or water cooler socializing. But as AI agents become agentic, they will increasingly shape our self-understanding. With robots or androids, we might begin to see an ever more machine-like understanding of ourselves. The more we treat technology like a human partner, the more we will understand ourselves as a form of technology. AI agents will quicken that process. Before this goes further, we should stop and take stock of (仔细审视) our own humanity. We will not find our humanity in our AI companions. It can only be found within our fellow humans, and only by doing what we humans alone are known to do: imagining together fuller and richer humanity than any technology could emulate or create. 30．What started the connected reactions in AI development? A．OpenAI’s explainable reasoning model. B．DeepSeek’s problems. C．DeepSeek’s low-cost strategy. D．Human’s love for video games. 31．According to the passage, what do you know about DeepSeek? A．It uses the latest processors to create its AI model. B．Its AI model is more expensive than US models. C．Its AI model is available to users without cost. D．It doesn’t compete with US AI companies. 32．What warning does the author give about AI agents? A．They may change the way humans act. B．They cannot understand scientific concepts. C．They need expensive processors to function. D．They will destroy traditional business models. 33．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To introduce the development of AI. B．To show the advantages of AI agents. C．To encourage people to develop better AI agents. D．To call on people to think about humanity when using AI. (大兴区中考一模) Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 30．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 31．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. (门头沟中考一模) Climate change, disease, and hunger are big problems in the world. Climate activists (活动家) need to use both fear and hope to get people to care and take action. Fear can make people feel like they need to do something right away, but hope can make them feel like they can actually make a difference. Activists must carefully find a balance between negative and positive advocacy (倡导). If activists only use fear, it can backfire. People might feel so scared that they just give up instead of trying to help. Psychologists have found different feelings people have when they see scary things about the climate. These include eco-depression (feeling very sad) and eco-anxiety (feeling very worried). Feeling sad can make a person give up and not do anything about the climate, and feeling worried can make a person want to avoid the problem. Both of these feelings can stop people from taking action. Activists often use really shocking pictures to make people take action. These pictures might show sad polar bears, forests that have been cut down, or big fires. But instead of making people want to help, these pictures sometimes make people feel like the problems are far away and not important. This can make them stop caring about the environment. It’s kind of like how eco-anxiety works—people feel so worried that they just avoid thinking about it. Without hope, fear isn’t an effective motivator (激励因素). People need to believe their actions will make a real difference. Positive activism (行动主义) steps in where negative activism ends. It uses hope and excitement to motivate action, focusing on the positive results of taking action, not just the bad results of not acting. A good example is the Irish rock band U2. They are famous for their great music and concerts. In their latest concert “Achtung Baby”, they showed a virtual (虚拟的) world of Earth’s wildlife. At first, they showed animals that were in danger in just one color to show how bad it was when their homes were destroyed. As the concert reached its most exciting part, the colors got brighter and more beautiful, like a big celebration of life. The performance changed from negative to positive, inspiring people to protect Earth’s beauty together. Fear is a powerful emotion. We need fear. But we cannot remain in fear without moving forward. While fear will not disappear, we must focus our thoughts on hope. With hope as our guide, a beautiful goal can encourage us to take every step of progress forward. 30．What does the word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Produce a loud noise. B．Move backward quickly. C．Have the opposite effect. D．Start a fire in the backyard. 31．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 5? A．To show music is a powerful tool for protecting animals. B．To stress the role of hope and excitement in driving action. C．To prove concerts are effective platforms for environmental education. D．To present the importance of technology in holding successful concerts. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Fear alone is not enough to make people take action. B．Sad pictures can make people care about the environment. C．Activists should focus more on the negative sides of problems. D．People will take action if they see beautiful and colorful pictures. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To advise people to avoid fear when solving environmental problems. B．To show people what animals are in danger because of climate change. C．To inspire people to balance fear and hope in dealing with worldwide problems. D．To tell people the seriousness of global problems like climate change and hunger. (平谷区中考一模) Do Primates Make Friends Like Humans? Primates, such as bonobos and chimpanzees, are brainy animals that live in complex (复杂的) social groups, similar to humans. They form friendships both within and outside their families. But do primates create friendships in the same way as humans do? Scientists study their behavior to find out. Friendship among primates can be noticed through behaviors like grooming. For example, bonobos in the Democratic Republic of the Congo often remove parasites (寄生虫) from each other’s fur. This behavior shows a close relationship, much like how humans help friends. However, understanding friendship in animals is more complex than just observing these behaviors. Primates’ survival depends on their ability to interact socially. They use awareness—knowledge stored in memory—to understand the goals and intentions (意图) of others. For example, if a primate sees another one moving towards him, it might wonder if the other one wants to play or fight. This ability to predict goals is key for forming friendships. However, not all interactions involve understanding intentions. Sometimes, primates react based on sensory inputs like touch or sound. For example, if a primate is hit after a foot stamp (跺脚), it might fear foot stamping in the future, without understanding the intention behind it. Primates use gestures and sounds to communicate, which helps them understand each other’s goals. For example, a bonobo might touch another gently to signal a desire for grooming. This intentional communication enables them to focus closely on the other one’s goal, making it easier to form friendships. Communication helps primates build strong social connections. Stress affects primates’ ability to form friendships. When primates feel really stressed, they only think about the danger right in front of them and don’t pay attention to unclear social hints (暗示). Chronic (慢性的) stress can make the situation worse, as primates may altogether avoid social interactions. However, intentional communication can help overcome this. For example, stressed chimpanzees use attention-getting gestures to signal friendship, even when they don’t know the other well. Studying primates helps us understand our own social behaviors. This research also highlights the importance of communication in forming, building and keeping social ties. By understanding these behaviors, we can better appreciate the social nature of primates and humans alike. 30．Why does the writer write paragraph 2? A．To explain how primates use grooming to form friendships. B．To lead in the complexity of understanding animal friendships. C．To argue that primates form friendships only within their families. D．To discuss the influence of stress on primates’ social interactions. 31．What does the word “highlight” in the last paragraph mean? A．draws attention to B．passes over C．leaves out D．builds up 32．What do we know from the passage? A．The ability of building friendship is key to goal-predicting. B．Primates use only sensory inputs to interact with each other. C．Intentional communication is important for primates to form connections. D．Stress has a positive effectiveness on primates’ ability to form friendships. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To compare the social behaviors of primates and humans. B．To encourage people to understand the friendship in animals. C．To discuss the effects of stress on primates’ social interactions. D．To explain how communication helps primates build friendships. (石景山区中考一模) Fear is a natural and necessary emotion. It helps us recognize dangers and avoid risks. However, fear can also affect our ability to make wise decisions, sometimes preventing us from taking necessary actions or making positive changes in life. Fear influences decision-making in several ways. First, it makes us more aware of risks. When we are faced with an important choice, fear can make us focus too much on what could go wrong rather than what could go right. For example, a student who fears failing an exam might avoid studying, believing he will fail no matter what. This avoidance isn’t a logical (有逻辑的) decision but an emotional reaction caused by fear. Second, fear often leads to overgeneralization. People are more likely to think that a negative experience in the past means similar situations will have the same outcome. If someone once gave a speech and forgot their lines, they might avoid public speaking. However, one failure does not decide future outcomes—learning and practice can lead to improvement. Another common reaction to fear is overthinking. Fear makes the brain focus too much on every possible outcome, leading to a state where a person is unable to make a decision at all. For example, someone considering a job change might worry too much about disliking the work environment. This worry prevents progress and keeps them in their comfort zone. Interestingly, fear also affects group decisions. When people make choices in groups, fear of judgment or disagreement can cause them to follow suit, even if they have different thoughts. This is called groupthink, where fear of standing out leads to poor decision-making. Since fear plays such a strong role in shaping decisions, how can we manage it effectively? The first step is to recognize when fear is influencing a choice. Instead of avoiding action, one can ask: “Is this fear protecting me, or is it holding me back?” This simple question helps separate real risks from imagined dangers. Another useful method is challenging fearful thoughts. If fear tells someone they are not good enough to succeed, they can recall past successes. By changing their ways of thinking, people can make choices guided by reason rather than fear. Finally, taking manageable steps toward a goal reduces fear’s influence. Rather than avoiding a challenge completely, breaking it into smaller actions helps build confidence and makes fear less powerful. Fear is not always a bad thing, but allowing it to control decisions limits growth and opportunity. By recognizing, questioning, and managing fear, we can make better, more confident choices in life. 30．How does fear prevent people from making good decisions? A．It encourages them to take risks more often. B．It leads them to forget the results of their actions. C．It limits their ability of predicting possible outcomes. D．It makes them more likely to focus on possible failures. 31．What may happen if fear leads to overgeneralization? A．People avoid thinking too much about results. B．People use past failures to judge future situations. C．People are more likely to make thought-out choices. D．People discover better ways to deal with challenges. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Avoiding challenges after failure is a safe and wise choice. B．Most people can recognize when fear affects their thinking. C．Fear should be reduced when it stops us from moving forward. D．Agreeing with others is better than voicing your own opinions. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To encourage people to respect their natural emotion. B．To discuss the necessity of challenging fearful thoughts. C．To show how fear shapes the future and ways to make right decisions. D．To explain the effect of fear on decision-making and ways to manage it. (大兴区中考一模) Human augmentation technologies are all around you. They are wearable and portable (便携的). And they are so much a part of your daily life that you may not even notice them. Do you, or any of your family and friends, wear eyeglasses? Glasses allow us to see further, in finer detail. Next, think about the phone in your pocket. Phones enable us to quickly connect with people far away and to get a large amount of information on the internet. They each strengthen our human abilities to a surprising degree. And yet, they are completely ordinary nowadays. But, what about physical augmentation? Imagine something you could wear to make lifting easier or allow you to hold heavy tools without getting tired. What you are imagining is called an exoskeleton, or exo for short. Exos are wearable devices (装置) that support or augment movement or performance through physical work. Work exos make physical jobs easier, or help improve a worker’s physical performance or safety. Workers who do overhead tasks, like painting ceilings (天花板) can use arm exos to make these jobs less tiring and reduce their risk of shoulder injuries. This means workers can do their jobs without getting as tired or sore, which can improve work quality and well-being both at work and after work. There are also exos to support many other tasks and body parts. There are exos for the back, hands, and legs. For example, delivery workers who load (装载) and unload boxes can use back exos to make lifting easier and less tiring. Doctors and nurses who need to stand for long periods of time can use leg exos to help support their body weight. Leg exos are also being developed for soldiers, firefighters, and mountaineers who may have to carry heavy equipment (设备) over long distances. Exos are such a new technology that they are not yet widely used at work. But many experts expect that exos will become widely used in certain industries in the future. There is still more to learn scientifically about the longer-term effects of exos, but over the next ten years, the popularity of these wearable technologies is expected to grow rapidly. Exos might even become standard tools or safety equipment in certain jobs in the near future. 30．Why does the writer use the example of glasses and phones in Paragraph 2? A．To show human augmentation are a part of our daily life. B．To stress human augmentation can be carried easily. C．To explain human abilities are weak in some fields. D．To prove glasses and phones are very useful in our life. 31．What does the underlined word “augment” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A．Stop. B．Change. C．Reduce. D．Improve. 32．Which of the following would the writer most probably agree with? A．Work exos can help workers earn more money. B．Work exos can help workers do the jobs more safely. C．Work exos can carry heavy equipment for firefighters. D．Work exos can take the place of workers in the near future. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain the importance of long-term effects of exos. B．To remind people to be careful about their body parts. C．To introduce a new technology named exoskeleton. D．To express his/her worries about the widely-used exos. (顺义区中考一模) Should Sugary Drinks Be Banned (禁止)? How many sugary drinks do you drink a day? A number of recent studies have warned of the dangers of taking in too much sugar. But just how bad are these drinks for us? The consumption (消耗) of sugary drinks has been steadily increasing. In the 1970s, sugary drinks made up about 4% of US daily calorie intake; by 2001, that had risen to about 9%. These days, it’s about 327 calories a day, which is equal to about 2. 5 cans of cola, according to a study by the US Center for Disease Control and Prevention. On any given day, half the people in the US consume sugary drinks; 1 in 4 get at least 200 calories from such drinks; and 5% get at least 567 calories—equivalent to 4 cans of soda. Sugary drinks (soda, energy drinks, sports drinks) are the top calorie source in teens’ diets (226 calories per day), beating out pizza (213 calories per day). There’s a lot of evidence that sugary drinks can lead to serious medical complications, and even death. Research presented at an American Heart Association conference showed that 180, 000 deaths worldwide are linked to sugary drinks. “A large number of deaths each year are caused by drinking sugary drinks,” said Dr Gitanjali Singh, a postdoctoral research fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health. His research has linked the intake (摄入) of sugar-sweetened drinks to 133, 000 diabetes deaths, 44, 000 deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 6, 000 cancer deaths. “Our findings should push policy makers worldwide to make effective policies to reduce consumption of sugary drinks, such as taxation, mass-media campaigns, and reducing the availability of these drinks.” The increase in sugar consumption from sugary drinks can also lead to obesity. In turn, this can lead to diseases such as diabetes, cancer, fatty liver disease, dementia and heart problems. On top of that, research shows that carbonated drinks can cause both dental erosion and tooth decay. In response, the USDA has banned snack foods and sugary drinks in schools. The new law (under the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act) was passed by Congress in 2010 with broad bipartisan support. So, surely the logical thing would be to drink something healthier, such as orange juice. Well, apparently that might not be a good idea either. According to the American obesity expert Robert Lustig, orange juice is just sugar and is therefore, in his view, a “poison”. Lustig is the author of Fat Chance: The Bitter Truth about Sugar. “Calorie for calorie, 100% orange juice is worse for you than sugary sodas,” Lustig says. When you eat a whole apple, the sugar is “nicely balanced” by the fibre, giving the liver a chance to fully metabolise (新陈代谢) what’s coming in. However, when you down half a litre of apple juice, it brings a huge dose of energy straight to the liver. Of course, no one is suggesting you give up on your favorite drinks, but as with everything, drink in moderation (适量). And when in doubt, you can always try a bit of that transparent stuff that makes up about 60% of our bodies: water! 30．Why does the writer mention so many numbers in Paragraph 2? A．To discuss what effects sugary drinks have on health. B．To describe the types of sugary drinks people consume. C．To explain why sugary drinks have become more popular. D．To stress the increasing of sugary drinks people consume. 31．What does the word “poison” in Paragraph 7 most probably mean? A．Something good for energy. B．Something helpful for heart. C．Something harmful to health. D．Something unpleasant to taste. 32．What can we learn from the passage? A．Eating apples is healthier than drinking apple juice. B．Half the people in the world drink orange juice every day. C．Moderation in sugary drinks intake helps support good health. D．Many countries have taken action to ban sugary drinks in schools. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To remind us of the risk of consuming sugary drinks. B．To introduce the history of sugary drink consumption. C．To suggest limiting the intake of sugary drinks reasonably. D．To compare the intake of sugary drinks with that of water. (通州区中考一模) Scientists have recognized that emotions (情感) play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example, feeling curious can lead to deeper connection with new material, while boredom can slow down learning. Awe (敬畏) is one such emotion, the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding. Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However, a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium’s (天文馆) films to the center. Before entering, they answered questions about their knowledge of the film’s topic, their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films: one about Earth’s climate system, one about the Northern Lights, and one about stars and planets. After watching their chosen film, the viewers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically (批判性). Finally, they completed a task to test how well they remembered about the film. The study proved that planetarium films created awe in viewers. They described experiencing awe, stronger or weaker depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that viewers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task, the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower correctness in noticing mistakes, false statements, and inferences (推断). Viewers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film. Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased viewers’ interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects. 30．Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1? A．To tell why emotions are connected to understanding. B．To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge. C．To show how different emotions influence learning activities. D．To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments. 31．What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean? A．Dealt with. B．Broke through. C．Taken away. D．Resulted in. 32．What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage? A．The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments. B．Earlier knowledge was likely to lead to wrong judgments about inferences. C．Critical thinking weakened viewers’ sense of connection to the environment. D．The visitors needed to be divided into three groups according to their knowledge. 33．What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To explain people’s choices of films about experiencing awe. B．To report the effects of awe on learning and interest in science. C．To prove the importance of doing research on awe scientifically. D．To discuss the solutions to increasing curiosity in science through awe. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！2 2 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$