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专题01 名词、代词和冠词
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核心考点聚焦
名词
考点一
名词的分类
名词是表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。从意义上分,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称,如: Beijing, China。普通名词表示某些人、某类事物或抽象概念的名称,如: book, sadness。
普通名词又可分为以下四类:
(1) 个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体,如:gun。
(2) 集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family。
(3) 物质名词:表示不具备确定形状或大小,无法分为个体的物质,如:air。
(4) 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称其为可数名词,如: apple, boy, puppet;物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称其为不可数名词,如: water, milk, juice。
1.There will be many _________ at the birthday party.
A.people B.peoples C.person D.persons
2.National Day of the PRC is in ________.
A.August B.October C.September D.September 10th
3.—When is National Day?
—It’s in ________.
A.February B.September C.July D.October
· 思路点拨:
1.句意:生日晚会上会有很多人。考查名词的数。people人们,集合名词,强调一个整体;peoples民族,复数;person人,单数;persons人,复数,更为正式,通常用于法律文件、官方公告等需要严谨和正式表达的场合,强调个体的人。此处是指“晚会上有很多人”,用集体名词people。故选A。
2.句意:中华人民共和国国庆节在十月。考查名词辨析。August八月;October十月;September九月;September 10th九月十日。根据常识可知,我们的国庆节是在十月一日。故选B。
3.句意:——国庆节是什么时候?——在十月。考查名词辨析和常识。February二月;September九月;July七月;October十月。根据“When is National Day?”可知,问句询问国庆节是什么时候,根据常识可知,国庆节在十月。故选D。
· 答案1. A 2.B 3.D
考点二
名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指能用数目来计算,表示可以分成个体的人或事物的名词,有单、复数两种形式。
1、 名词复数形式的规则变化:
情况
改法
例词
一般情况
加 s
dog→dogs; hen→hens
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词
加 es
bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词
变y为 i再加es
baby→babies; family→families
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词
加s
monkey→monkeys; toy→toys
以f 或 fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为 v,再加es
knife→knives; wolf→wolves
以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词
加s
zoo→zoos; radio→radios
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的(有生命)名词
加 es
tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes
2、 名词复数形式的不规则变化:
改法
例词
单复数形式相同
deer→deer; sheep→sheep;
fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese;
Japanese→Japanese
改变单词中的元音字母
man→men; woman→women;
foot→feet; tooth→teeth;
goose→geese
在词尾加上en或者ren
ox→oxen; child→children
复合名词
主要词改复数
apple tree→apple trees
含man 或woman的,前后都改复数
man teacher→men teachers
完全没有规律可循
mouse→mice
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,表示不可以分成个体的物质或抽象概念的名词。如果想要表达“量”的变化,在前面可以加上一些表示数量的短语。如: a glass of warm water一杯温水; two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡; some milk 一些牛奶。
常见的不可数名词有:
液体不可数
water, milk, tea, juice, glue, rain, coffee, soup, oil
固体不可数
bread, rice, paper, snow, meat, beef, food, fruit, salad, salt, coal, wood, plastic
其他抽象名词
news, wind, energy, weather, health, time, homework
1.— How many ________ do Fu Xing’s grandparents have?
— Ten.
A.apple tree B.apples trees C.apple trees
2.—Qingyuan Mountain is one of ________ in Quanzhou.
—Yes, I climb it every weekend.
A.wonders of natures B.wonders of nature C.wonder of nature
3.—What can I do for you, sir?
—I’d like two ________. We all like fruit.
A.bowls of rice B.baskets of oranges
C.cartons of milk D.bag of apples
思路点拨:
1.句意:——付星的祖父母有多少棵苹果树?——十棵。考查名词词组辨析。根据“How many”可知,后接可数名词复数形式,苹果树译为apple tree,复数形式为apple trees。故选C。
2.句意:——清源山是泉州的自然奇观之一。——是的,我每个周末都去爬山。考查名词辨析。wonder奇观,可数名词;nature自然,不可数名词。故A选项wonders of natures表达错误。根据“one of”可知,one of+可数名词复数表示“……之一”。故选B。
3.句意:——我能为您做些什么,先生?——我想要两篮子桔子。我们都喜欢水果。考查名词辨析。two bowls of rice两碗米;two baskets of oranges两篮子桔子;two cartons of milk两盒牛奶;two bag of apples语法错误。根据“We all like fruit.”可知,他要买两箱桔子。故选B。
· 答案1. C 2. B 3. B
考点三
名词所有格
名词所有格是指名词中表示所属关系的形式。名词所有格有两种形式:一种是以“’s”结尾,多用来修饰有生命的东西;另一种是由 of构成,即在介词 of 后面加名词,多用来修饰没有生命的东西。
1、 名词后面加上“’s”或“’”
单词形式
所有格添加方法
举例
不以s结尾的名词
加’s
that girl's coat那个女孩的外套
Mike's family迈克的家人
以 s 或 es结尾的(复数)名词
加’
Teachers’ Day教师节
the boys’ teacher这些男孩的老师
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加’s
the children’s toys孩子们的玩具 Women's Day妇女节
两人或两人以上共有的
只需在最后一个名词后加’s即可
Tom and Mike's Chinese teacher 汤姆和迈克的中文老师
两人或两人以上各自拥有的
在每个名词后加’s
Tom's and Mike's Chinese teachers 汤姆和迈克(各自拥有的)的中文老师
2、 of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
用法
示例
表示无生命事物的所属关系
the door of the room房间的门
表示主谓关系
the arrival of the visitors参观者的到来
表示同位关系
the city of Shanghai上海市
表示部分与整体的关系
most of the students大多数学生
表示内容
the cost of living生活成本;the news of success捷报
表示拥有者的名词由短语或从句修饰时,借助“of”来表示所属关系。
the housing problem of the poor穷人的住房问题;
the advice of the old man who had experienced a lot这位饱经沧桑的老人的建议
三、双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+名词's”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”,主要用法如下:
用法
示例
表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,可用a,any, some, a few, two等修饰of短语前面的名词,但不能用the
another house of John's 约翰的另一所房子
被双重所有格修饰的名词前有this, that, these, those等指示代词修饰时,通常带有一定的感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等
That dog of Tom's is really clever. 汤姆的那只狗真聪明。
1.—Hey, Judy! Whose piano is this? Is it yours?
—No. It’s my ________. We are twins, but we have different hobbies.
A.father’s B.cousin’s C.mother’s D.sister’s
2.The cat is ________ pet. It’s a birthday gift from their parents.
A.Ella and Emma’s B.Emma’s
C.Ella’s and Emma D.Ella’s and Emma’s
3.________ mother is an English teacher.
A.Tom’s and Kate B.Tom’s and Kate’s C.Tom and Kate’s D.Tom and Kate
思路点拨:
1. 句意:——嘿,朱迪!这是谁的钢琴?是你的吗?——不,这是我姐姐的。我们是双胞胎,但我们有不同的爱好。考查名词辨析及’s所有格。father’s父亲的;cousin’s表姐的;mother’s母亲的;sister’s姐姐的。根据“We are twins”并结合选项可知,此处应是指钢琴是自己双胞胎姐妹的。故选D。
2. 句意:这只猫是埃拉和艾玛的宠物。这是他们父母送的生日礼物。考查名词所有格。根据“The cat is...pet.”可知,空后是名词,空处应是所有格形式,因此排除选项C(是错误表达);结合“It’s a birthday gift from their parents.”,是一份礼物,此处应表示是Ella和Emma所共有的“宠物”,应该直接在最后的人名后面加’s,Ella and Emma’s为正确答案。故选A。
3. 句意:汤姆和凯特的妈妈是一名英语老师。考查名词所有格。Tom’s and Kate’s两个人各自的;Tom and Kate’s两人共同拥有的。根据“mother is an English teacher”可知,此处指两人共同的母亲。故选C。
· 答案1. D 2. A 3. C
代词
1.人称代词: 用来代替人或物,有人称、数和格的变化,通常在句子中作主语或宾语。
2.物主代词:在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词;在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词+n.”的为名词性物主代词反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。
3.反身代词: 其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用,否则使用人称代词。
代词的形式变化表
人称
数
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
人称代词的用法:
(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。
► He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。
► Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语)
(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
► Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
► —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。
► It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称,即we, you and they。
物主代词的用法:
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能放在名词前作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词。
my book,your name,their hobbies
①放在被拥有的物体名词前,指明事物的归属者。
►My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。
②放在被拥有的事物名词前,表示事物与某人有某种联系。
►He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。
③用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。
►She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。
④放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的施行者。
► not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久
⑤放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的承受者。
► Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者们
⑥用于头衔
► Your Majesty(陛下)
► Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗?
反身代词:
反身代词用法口诀
反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;
主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
单数反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, itself;
复数反身代词:ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
4.不定代词:
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法
例句
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词
Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)
some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any
Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗?
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何"
If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的"
Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
用法
例句
all
①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;
all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。
All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。
Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。
both
①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语;
②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither;
③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。
They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。
Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球
none
①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语;
②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。
None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。
either
①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。
The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。
【知识拓展】
(1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。
Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。
(2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。
He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。
neither
①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。
【易错警示】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
5.疑问代词:
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。它们一般位于句首。疑问代词包括who、whose、whom、what、which。
代词
用法
例句
Who
表示"谁",可以指代单数和复数名词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?
Whom
表示"谁",可以指代单数和复数。whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语,不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换,位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whom
To whom you were talking just now? 你刚才和谁说话呢?
Whom/Who did you often play with when you were a child? 小时候你经常和谁玩?
Whose
表示"谁的",既可置于名词前作定语,也可单独使用,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语
Whose iPad is this? 这是谁的iPad? (定语)
Whose is this iPad? 这个iPad是谁的? (表语)
Which
表示"哪一个(些)",既可指人也可指物,可指可数名词单、复数,也可指不可数名词,在句中常作主语、宾语或定语
Which animal do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种动物?
Which is cheaper, this printer or that one? 这台打印机和那台打印机,哪台更便宜?
what
表示"什么",可单独使用,也可放在名词前,既可以指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
What makes you love your hometown so much? 是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡?
1.—Whose bag is this?
—________ my bag and ________ color is brown.
A.Its; its B.It’s; its C.Its; it’s
2.—Bob, is this your ruler?
—No. ________ is in my schoolbag.
A.Mine B.Hers C.His D.Its
3.— Where did you get this sky lantern, Lingling?
— I made it by ________.
A.herself B.itself C.myself
4.— ________ your room?
— Yes. It is small but clean.
A.Are these B.What are C.Is this D.Does it
5.I have two dogs and ________ of them are white.
A.all B.both C.each D.every
6.—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
思路点拨:
1. 句意:——这是谁的包? ——它是我的包,它的颜色是棕色的。考查代词辨析。it它,这,那,代词主格或宾格;its它的,形容词性物主代词。结合上句问句“Whose bag is this”可知,此处应用代词it指代上文提到的bag,“It’s”意为“它是”;又结合“…color is brown”可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰color,意为“它的”。故选B。
2. 句意:——鲍勃,这是你的尺子吗?——不是。我的在我的书包里。考查名词性物主代词。Mine我的 (东西),名词性物主代词;Hers她的 (东西),名词性物主代词;His他的 (东西),名词性物主代词;Its它的 (东西),形容词性物主代词。根据语境可知,此处是指“我的尺子在我的书包里”,此处用名词性物主代词mine,代替my ruler。故选A。
3. 句意:——你从哪儿弄来的这个天灯,玲玲?——我自己做的。考查代词辨析。herself她自己;itself它自己;myself我自己。根据“I made it”可知,主语是I,反身代词用myself 。故选C。
4. 句意:——这是你的房间吗?——是的。它很小但很干净。考查一般疑问句。根据“Yes.”可知,问句为一般疑问句,选项B“What are”是特殊疑问句,故排除选项B。根据“room”可知,这是名词单数,选项A“Are these”后要跟名词复数,故排除选项A。选项D“Does it”是助动词does引导的一般疑问句,适用于句中有实义动词的情况,而本题问句中没有实义动词。“Is this”意为“这是……吗”,后跟名词单数,询问“这是你的房间吗”,符合语境。故选C。
5. 句意:我有两条狗, 它们都是白色的。考查代词辨析。all三者或三者以上全都;both两者都;each每一个 ;every每一个。根据前文“I have two dogs”和空格后“of them are white”可知,此处指的是两条狗都是白色的。故选B。
6. 句意:——你最喜欢哪个智能设备,智能马桶、水龙头还是厨房?——智能厨房。考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的;What什么;Who’s谁是;Which哪一个,用于在两个或多个事物之间进行选择。根据“…smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?”可知,此处询问对方最喜欢哪个智能设备,应用Which“哪一个”。故选D。
· 答案1. B 2. A 3. C 4.C 5.B 6.D
冠词
定冠词的基本用法
1.用表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或指上文已提到过的人或事物。
2.用在世界上独一无二的名词前。
The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。
易错点:有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如:space太空,nature自然,man人类等。
3.用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。
Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?
言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。
易混点:
(1)定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。
Jim is the thinner of the two boys.
吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。
(2)形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。
He is the very boy that I have been looking for.
他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。
4.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Greens are on holiday now.格林夫妇一家现在正在度假。
The Lis were watching TV when the lights went off.
姓李的那家人正在看电视,突然停电了。
1.用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。
the rich富人;the wounded伤员;
2.演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。
He often plays the piano after finishing his homework.他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。
易错点:
(1)如果只是提到这种乐器,而不是演奏,则不一定用定冠词。
He bought a piano for his daughter.
他为女儿买了一架钢琴。
(2)用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。
Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶
3.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.
不定冠词的基本用法
1.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。
A young man wants to see you.
有个年轻人想见你。
2. 用在某些物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。
Green tea is a wonderful tea.绿茶是一种很好的茶。
What a heavy rain!多大的一场雨啊!
3.表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。
A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠诚的动物。
=Dogs are faithful animals.
1. 表示“一个”,与one同源,但数的概念没有one强烈。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。
易混点:通常成对出现的物品,一般只用一个不定冠词。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。
5.用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等,。
The car moves 100 miles an hour.
这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。
不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:
①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:an hour,an honest man。
②有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:a university, a European country。
零冠词的基本用法
1.不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指,用零冠词。
Children like cartoons.孩子们喜欢卡通片。
2.名词前面有this, that ,my, your, some ,each, no, any, kind of ,type of等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。
3.表示独一无二的的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。
Mr Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.
小组的头头史密斯先生将全面制定这次旅行的计划。
Jim was made monitor for this month.吉姆当选这个月的班长。
4.街道名、广场、公园名和大学名前不加冠词。
Chang’an Street长安街;
Tian’an Men Square天安门广场;
Yale University耶鲁大学
5.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。
Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
1.Thanksgiving is ________ American festival. Americans still celebrate ________ festival today with a traditional dinner.
A./; / B.an; / C.a; the D.an; the
2.—Do you know the woman in blue?
—Yes. She is ________ art teacher in our school.
A.a B.the C.an D.不填
3.Tom, do you have ________ eraser in your schoolbag? I see a mistake in my homework.
A.a B./ C.an D.the
4.—________ old basketball is on the desk. Do you like to play ________ basketball?
—Yes, I do.
A.A; the B.An; / C.A; an D.An; the
思路点拨:
1. 句意:感恩节是美国的节日。美国人今天仍然用传统的晚餐来庆祝这个节日。考查冠词的用法。an不定冠词;a不定冠词;the定冠词。根据“Thanksgiving is…American festival. Americans still celebrate…festival today with a traditional dinner.”可知,第一个空表示泛指,指感恩节是美国的节日之一,并且“American”为元音音素开头,因此应用不定冠词an;第二个空表示特指,指代前句所提到的感恩节,因此应用定冠词the修饰后面的名词。故选D。
2.句意:—— 你认识那个穿蓝色衣服的女士吗? ——认识。她是我们学校的一名美术老师。
考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the这个,那个,定冠词表特指;an一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“She is...art teacher in our school”可知,此处是泛指一个美术老师,“art”以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an。故选C。
3.句意:汤姆,你书包里有橡皮擦吗?我在作业中发现了一个错误。考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“eraser”可知,此处泛指一块橡皮擦,且“eraser”是元音音素开头的单词,故选C。
4.句意:——一个旧篮球在桌子上。你喜欢打篮球吗?——是的,我喜欢。考查冠词辨析。old元音音素开头,第一个空处应用不定冠词an表示泛指;play basketball“打篮球”,固定短语,球类和棋类前不加the,没有冠词。故选B。
· 答案1. D 2. C 3. C 4.B
一、单项选择
1.—Alice, is ________ eraser on the desk yours?
—No, it isn’t. I don’t have ________ eraser.
A.an; / B.an; an C.the; an D./; the
2.This is ________ orange and that is ________ ruler.
A.a; a B.a; an C.an; a
3.I like playing ________ football but my brother likes playing ________ piano.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the
4.My brother can play ________ basketball, but he can’t play ________ erhu.
A.the, the B./, a C.the, / D./, the
5.—________ your parents in the first photo?
—Yes, ________ are. I love them.
A.Are; They B.Is; They C.Are; they D.Is; they
6.—Are ________ Tom’s friend?
—Yes, and ________ name is Lily .
A.you; I B.you; my C.he; my D.he; I
7.Mum, ________ is my friend. ________ name is Tony.
A.he; His B.this; He’s C.this; His D.he; He’s
8.Nobody teaches ________ English. He learns English by ________.
A.him; him B.himself; him C.him; himself D.his; himself
9.Li Ming thinks ______ of the two works of art are amazing.
A.each B.every C.both D.all
10.We can see some ________ and ________ on the desk.
A.photo; key B.photoes; key C.photos; keys D.photoes; keys
11.This is Mrs. Green. She is ________ mom.
A.Susan and Lily B.Susan and Lily’s
C.Susan’s and Lily D.Susan’s and Lily’s
12.Look! Two ________ are planting ________ with their students.
A.man teachers; apple trees B.man teachers; apples trees
C.men teachers; apples trees D.men teachers; apple trees
13.________ room is big and tidy.
A.Tom’s and Mike B.Tom’s and Mikes’ C.Tom’s and Mike’s D.Tom and Mike’s
14. —What are these?
—________ are ________.
A.They, pencils B.They, pencil C.It, a pencil D.It, pencils
二、完形填空
Hello! I’m John. Now I’m at school. This is my 1 . Look! There are 51 desks and 50 chairs in it. 2 this desk. It is my desk. It is nice. Do you know its 3 ? It’s orange.
My schoolbag is on the desk. Some books, a pencil case and a cap are in my schoolbag. The 4 looks nice. I 5 it so I wear it every day. I get it from my 6 . He gives (给) it to me on my birthday.
In my pencil case are 7 pencils: one red pencil and two yellow pencils. I don’t like red or yellow very much. My 8 colour is blue. I have many blue things.
Oh, where is my key? I can’t 9 it. It isn’t in my schoolbag. Is it on the desk? No, it isn’t. I must find it. Please 10 me if (如果) you see it. My phone number (电话号码) is 627-1858. Thank you so much.
1.A.library B.school C.classroom D.house
2.A.Look at B.Put up C.Get up D.Write down
3.A.page B.colour C.name D.bell
4.A.book B.cap C.bottle D.key
5.A.mean B.start C.like D.circle
6.A.aunt B.sister C.mother D.father
7.A.two B.three C.four D.five
8.A.fun B.kind C.next D.favourite
9.A.find B.say C.think D.help
10.A.speak B.play C.call D.make
三、语法选择
My name is Belle. I’m 11 . I am a new student in No. 1 Middle School. On the first day of school, my grandfather takes me to school. At the school gate, 12 a teacher. She leads (带领) me to my classroom. We call her Mrs. Miller.
The first class 13 at 8: 10. Mrs. Miller is my English teacher. She is 14 very nice teacher. At 8: 45, the bell rings. We can 15 in the playground. That’s my favourite. After ten minutes, the bell rings again. It’s time for my 16 class. But I’m confused (困惑的) . 17 is my classroom? I don’t know where to go 18 just stand there. Luckily, my English teacher sees me and helps 19 find my classroom.
When I go home, I tell my parents and grandparents 20 my school day. They all laugh (笑) .
11.A.ten year old B.ten-years-old C.ten years old D.ten year-old
12.A.are there B.there are C.is there D.there is
13.A.is starting B.starts C.started D.will start
14.A.a B.an C.the D./
15.A.to play B.play C.playing D.played
16.A.first B.one C.second D.two
17.A.What B.How C.When D.Where
18.A.and B.or C.because D.after
19.A.me B.I C.my D.mine
20.A.in B.on C.about D.with
三四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在文章空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hello, I am Han Lin. Today, I don’t need 21 (go) to school. So I go to my 22 (uncle) farm with my friends.
23 farm is very big. When we get to the farm, we walk around (环绕) it. My uncle has many 24 (animal)! There 25 (be) pigs, chickens, ducks, horses and cows. We see my uncle feed (喂) the horses. We help 26 (they) get some grass to eat. We also learn to ride (骑) horses. It’s really difficult, 27 we all like it. My uncle rides a white horse and he rides it 28 (good). The white horse is his favourite one. At dinner time, my uncle 29 (make) delicious food for us. We have a lot 30 fun.
真题感知
一、选择题
1.(2024·河北唐山·小升初真题)How many __________ do you have? ( )
A.books B.book C.car
2.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)My uncle has many ______, and I want to borrow ______. ( )
A.videos; some B.videos; lots of C.videos; nothing D.video; any
3.(2023·新疆克拉玛依·小升初真题)—Whose pen is it? ( )
—It’s ______.
A.Peter B.Peter’s C.peter’s
4.(2023·湖南怀化·小升初真题)Let me count. There are seven new __________ in my schoolbag. ( )
A.pen B.books C.ruler
5.(2023·海南三亚·小升初真题)When he was young, he ________ very much. ( )
A.like potatoes B.liked potatoes C.liked potatos
6.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)—What would you like for breakfast? ( )
—I’d like ______ egg, a cake and some milk.
A.a B.an C.the
7.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)Shall we go to ______ Summer Palace next weekend? ( )
A.a B.the C.an D./
8.(2022·广东中山·小升初真题)I often spend ______ hour watching TV every day. It can help me relax. ( )
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.(2022·江苏南通·小升初真题)Can you show me ______ nice doll on the bed? ( )
A.a B.the C.不填
10.(2022·广东惠州·小升初真题)Jack has ______ umbrella. ______ umbrella is new. ( )
A.an; A B.an; the C.an; The
11.(2022·江苏无锡·小升初真题)There is ______ apple tree in my garden. In ______ tree, there is ______ small house for the birds. ( )
A.an; the; a B.an; the; an C.the; the; a D.an; the; the
12.(2024·江西赣州·小升初真题)Your feet are bigger than _____. ( )
A.me B.mine C.I
13.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)Kites and balloons all need the air. It keeps ______ high in the sky. ( )
A.they B.them C.their
14.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)Kitty and I are good friends. We ______ like helping people. ( )
A.both B.all C.too
15.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)I don’t have ______ glue. Can you give me ______, please? ( )
A.any; some B.an; any C.some; any
16.(2023·山西临汾·小升初真题)—Would you like ______ juice? ( )
—Yes, I’d like ______.
A.some; some B.any; some C.some; any
17.(2023·山西临汾·小升初真题)—What are these? ( )
—______ are potatoes.
A.They B.It C.We
18.(2023·山西运城·小升初真题)______ would you like to know ______ him? ( )
A.What; of B.What; about C.Where; about
19.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)Tell ______ about your story, please. ( )
A.my B.me C.I
20.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)Did you do ______ else? ( )
A.anything B.something C.nothing
21.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)My pet is heavier than ______. ( )
A.you B.yours C.your
22.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)We have a problem. Can you help ______? ( )
A.t B.you C.us D.our
23.(2023·广西·小升初真题)The man was poor but ______ was honest. ( )
A.he B.she C.it D.himself
24.(2022·青海黄南·小升初真题)There is ______ house in the picture. There is ______ old woman near ______ house. ( )
A.an; a; the B.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an
25.(2022·河南三门峡·小升初真题)—What can you see in the picture? ( )
—I can see ______ old umbrella, ______ red apple and ______ orange book.
A.a; an; an B.an; an; an C.an; a; an
提升专练
一、单项选择
1.This is my _______, Dale. He’s my aunt’s son.
A.uncle B.cousin C.brother D.aunt
2.—What’s your ________?
—I like swimming and gardening.
A.hobby B.sport C.team
3.The boy is my________. He is my uncle’s son.
A.cousin B.aunt C.grandmother D.uncle
4.—Tom, what is your ________?
—I like reading very much.
A.name B.hobby C.term D.age
5.—I want to be a ________ like Yuan Longping when I grow up.
—Great! You can do it.
A.scientist B.teacher C.artist D.writer
6.This is ________ room. It’s clean and tidy.
A.Ella’s and Emma’s B.Ella and Emma’s C.Ella and Emma
7.—What animals can you find on the farm?
—I can find some ________, many ________and cows.
A.gooses; sheeps B.geese; sheep C.goose; sheep
8.This is ________ dog. Do you know (你知道) the name ________ her dog?
A.Anna’s; of B.Anna; of C.Anna’s; in D.Anna; at
9.This is ________ room. It is not big but very tidy.
A.Maria’s and Rose B.Maria and Rose’s C.Maria’s and Rose’s
10.
—What are those?
—________ ________.
A.They, erasers B.They’re, erasers C.It’s, an eraser D.It, an eraser
11.My aunt has ________ son. He likes playing ________ violin.
A.an; the B.a;a C.a; the
12.This is ________ eraser, and ________ eraser is my sister’s.
A.a; the B.an; a C.an; the D.a; an
13.Here is ________ eraser on our teacher’s desk. Is it Mike’s?
A.a B.an C.the
14.I have ________ red violin and I like playing ________ violin.
A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the
15.Tom can play ________ guitar and he can play ________ football.
A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Alan is a middle school student. His friends, Jack, Tom, and Mike, all have a 16 , but he doesn’t. It makes him feel different.
One day, he tells them, “I have a cute black dog at my home, and 17 name is Stella. She likes eating 18 and playing with balls.”
After school, Alan’s friends would like to go home with him and 19 the dog.
“No, you can’t come 20 Stella is afraid (害怕的) to see a lot of people,” lies (撒谎) Alan.
“We can play with her one after another and have 21 with her.” says Jack.
Alan still lies, “But we will go out today. You can come to my home tomorrow.”
Then, Alan runs to his 22 and tells his mother about it.
“It’s not 23 to lie,” says Mom. Alan knows his mistake, but 24 can he do now?
The next day, Alan doesn’t feel 25 and stays at home all day. In the evening, his friends come to 26 home to see him. One of them brings some bananas. “We see Stella in the yard. She is not 27 but yellow. She doesn’t like playing with balls and she isn’t afraid to see many people. But she does like 28 bananas.” says Tom.
Alan can’t believe it and he runs to the yard. Oh, his mother buys him a dog. Alan thanks his mother. Then he tells the truth (真相) to his good friends and says “ 29 ” to them.
After Alan’s friends hear his words, they smile and say “That’s OK”. Then the 30 boys play with the dog happily in the yard.
16.A.dog B.rabbit C.horse D.duck
17.A.his B.my C.your D.her
18.A.fish B.bananas C.grass D.chicken
19.A.see B.draw C.count D.buy
20.A.and B.so C.because D.but
21.A.lessons B.fun C.dinner D.partie
22.A.store B.school C.home D.farm
23.A.easy B.interesting C.smart D.right
24.A.what B.why C.how D.which
25.A.funny B.warm C.hot D.good
26.A.Jack’s B.Tom’s C.Alan’s D.Mike’s
27.A.green B.white C.black D.pink
28.A.finding B.watching C.cleaning D.eating
29.A.Sorry B.Goodbye C.You’re welcome D.Thanks
30.A.one B.two C.three D.four
三、阅读理解
(一)
My name is Joey Green. I’m a middle school student. In my school, there are some activities this month. I’m not a book lover, so I don’t like Book Sale. I think it’s boring. School Trip is fun and we always go to interesting places. What about Art Festival? Oh, I don’t think it’s fun. My favourite is Sports Fun. It’s great.
Day
Time
Activity
The 1st week (Wednesday)
8:30 a.m.—10:30 a.m.
Book Sale
The 2nd week (Friday)
2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.
School Trip
The 3rd week (Tuesday)
10:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m.
Art Festival
The 4th week (Thursday)
2:50 p.m.—4:30 p.m.
Sports Fun
31.Book Sale lasts for ________.
A.1 hour B.1.5 hours C.2 hours D.3 hours
32.Joey’s school has ________ in the second week of this month.
A.Book Sale B.School Trip C.Art Festival D.Sports Fun
33.Art Festival is held ________.
A.on Tuesday B.on Wednesday C.on Thursday D.on Friday
34.Sports Fun is ________.
A.from 8:30 a.m.to 10:30 a.m. B.from 10:00 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.
C.from 2:00 p.m.to 5:00 p.m. D.from 2:50 p.m.to 4:30 p.m.
35.What can we know from the passage (文章)?
A.Joey has some good books. B.Joey doesn’t like School Trip.
C.Joey likes doing sport. D.Joey likes Art Festival.
(二)
My name is Carol Miller. I’m a student of Guangming Middle School. Here is some information about my school.
In front of my dormitory (宿舍) building, there is a small garden with some tables and chairs. I love taking a walk in the garden. After getting out of the garden, I can get to a small shop. It sells all kinds of school things. Most of the students and teachers in the school often shop there. I usually go there with my friends after school.
After walking past (经过) the small shop, I can see the dining hall. It is across from the sports field. The dining hall is big and clean. It is my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. I can have noodles, pizzas (披萨), chicken and other food there. My favourite food is jiaozi. It’s really delicious.
Leaving (离开) the dining hall, I can see the classroom building with 36 classrooms. It often takes me about 3 minutes to walk there. When I get into my classroom, my new school day starts.
I love my school very much. And I feel happy to learn in the beautiful school.
36.What can we see in the small garden?
A.Some flowers. B.Some grass. C.Some tables. D.Some animals.
37.Who does Carol often go to the shop with?
A.Her classmates. B.Her friends. C.Her teachers. D.Her parents.
38.What is Carol’s favourite food?
A.Pizzas. B.Noodles. C.Chicken. D.Jiaozi.
39.Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.There is a science building in Carol’s school.
B.The dining hall is behind the sports field.
C.Carol likes the classroom building best.
D.There are 36 classrooms in the classroom building.
40.What does Carol mainly tell us?
A.Some buildings in her school. B.Her favourite places at school.
C.Some teachers in her school. D.Her friends at school.
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Lu has 41 new schoolbag. It’s from his father. There are five different letters (不同的字母) on it and the letters (字母) are in five different 42 (color).
The first (第一个) letter (字母) 43 (be) “C”. It’s blue — the colour of the beautiful sky (天空)! His brother Lu Lei likes the colour. Oh, you can 44 (see) the letter in the word (单词) “cap”.
The letter “H” is orange. It’s a nice colour — the colour 45 the carrot. It’s his mum’s favourite colour.
Another letter is“I” 46 it is yellow. It’s the colour of the banana. His dad 47 (like) the colour.
The letter “N” is brown. It’s Lu Lu’s 48 /’feɪvərɪt/ colour. His room is brown and the bed is brown too.
What colour is the letter “A”? It’s red! You can see the letter “A” in the word “cap” too.
So how 49 (does) you spell the word on Lu Lu’s schoolbag? It’s C-H-I-N-A, China! 50 (his) likes the schoolbag very much.
19 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$$
专题01 名词、代词和冠词
内容导航
考点聚焦:核心考点+高考考点,有的放矢
重点速记:知识点和关键点梳理,查漏补缺
难点强化:难点内容标注与讲解,能力提升
复习提升:真题感知+提升专练,全面突破
核心考点聚焦
名词
考点一
名词的分类
名词是表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的名称的词。从意义上分,名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词表示某个(些)人、地方、机构等的专有名称,如: Beijing, China。普通名词表示某些人、某类事物或抽象概念的名称,如: book, sadness。
普通名词又可分为以下四类:
(1) 个体名词:表示某类人或事物中的个体,如:gun。
(2) 集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family。
(3) 物质名词:表示不具备确定形状或大小,无法分为个体的物质,如:air。
(4) 抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称其为可数名词,如: apple, boy, puppet;物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称其为不可数名词,如: water, milk, juice。
1.There will be many _________ at the birthday party.
A.people B.peoples C.person D.persons
2.National Day of the PRC is in ________.
A.August B.October C.September D.September 10th
3.—When is National Day?
—It’s in ________.
A.February B.September C.July D.October
· 思路点拨:
1.句意:生日晚会上会有很多人。考查名词的数。people人们,集合名词,强调一个整体;peoples民族,复数;person人,单数;persons人,复数,更为正式,通常用于法律文件、官方公告等需要严谨和正式表达的场合,强调个体的人。此处是指“晚会上有很多人”,用集体名词people。故选A。
2.句意:中华人民共和国国庆节在十月。考查名词辨析。August八月;October十月;September九月;September 10th九月十日。根据常识可知,我们的国庆节是在十月一日。故选B。
3.句意:——国庆节是什么时候?——在十月。考查名词辨析和常识。February二月;September九月;July七月;October十月。根据“When is National Day?”可知,问句询问国庆节是什么时候,根据常识可知,国庆节在十月。故选D。
· 答案1. A 2.B 3.D
考点二
名词的数
名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词是指能用数目来计算,表示可以分成个体的人或事物的名词,有单、复数两种形式。
1、 名词复数形式的规则变化:
情况
改法
例词
一般情况
加 s
dog→dogs; hen→hens
以 s、x、ch、sh 结尾的名词
加 es
bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词
变y为 i再加es
baby→babies; family→families
以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词
加s
monkey→monkeys; toy→toys
以f 或 fe结尾的名词
变f或fe为 v,再加es
knife→knives; wolf→wolves
以“元音字母+o”结尾的名词
加s
zoo→zoos; radio→radios
以“辅音字母+o”结尾的(有生命)名词
加 es
tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes
2、 名词复数形式的不规则变化:
改法
例词
单复数形式相同
deer→deer; sheep→sheep;
fish→fish; Chinese→Chinese;
Japanese→Japanese
改变单词中的元音字母
man→men; woman→women;
foot→feet; tooth→teeth;
goose→geese
在词尾加上en或者ren
ox→oxen; child→children
复合名词
主要词改复数
apple tree→apple trees
含man 或woman的,前后都改复数
man teacher→men teachers
完全没有规律可循
mouse→mice
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,表示不可以分成个体的物质或抽象概念的名词。如果想要表达“量”的变化,在前面可以加上一些表示数量的短语。如: a glass of warm water一杯温水; two cups of coffee 两杯咖啡; some milk 一些牛奶。
常见的不可数名词有:
液体不可数
water, milk, tea, juice, glue, rain, coffee, soup, oil
固体不可数
bread, rice, paper, snow, meat, beef, food, fruit, salad, salt, coal, wood, plastic
其他抽象名词
news, wind, energy, weather, health, time, homework
1.— How many ________ do Fu Xing’s grandparents have?
— Ten.
A.apple tree B.apples trees C.apple trees
2.—Qingyuan Mountain is one of ________ in Quanzhou.
—Yes, I climb it every weekend.
A.wonders of natures B.wonders of nature C.wonder of nature
3.—What can I do for you, sir?
—I’d like two ________. We all like fruit.
A.bowls of rice B.baskets of oranges
C.cartons of milk D.bag of apples
思路点拨:
1.句意:——付星的祖父母有多少棵苹果树?——十棵。考查名词词组辨析。根据“How many”可知,后接可数名词复数形式,苹果树译为apple tree,复数形式为apple trees。故选C。
2.句意:——清源山是泉州的自然奇观之一。——是的,我每个周末都去爬山。考查名词辨析。wonder奇观,可数名词;nature自然,不可数名词。故A选项wonders of natures表达错误。根据“one of”可知,one of+可数名词复数表示“……之一”。故选B。
3.句意:——我能为您做些什么,先生?——我想要两篮子桔子。我们都喜欢水果。考查名词辨析。two bowls of rice两碗米;two baskets of oranges两篮子桔子;two cartons of milk两盒牛奶;two bag of apples语法错误。根据“We all like fruit.”可知,他要买两箱桔子。故选B。
· 答案1. C 2. B 3. B
考点三
名词所有格
名词所有格是指名词中表示所属关系的形式。名词所有格有两种形式:一种是以“’s”结尾,多用来修饰有生命的东西;另一种是由 of构成,即在介词 of 后面加名词,多用来修饰没有生命的东西。
1、 名词后面加上“’s”或“’”
单词形式
所有格添加方法
举例
不以s结尾的名词
加’s
that girl's coat那个女孩的外套
Mike's family迈克的家人
以 s 或 es结尾的(复数)名词
加’
Teachers’ Day教师节
the boys’ teacher这些男孩的老师
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加’s
the children’s toys孩子们的玩具 Women's Day妇女节
两人或两人以上共有的
只需在最后一个名词后加’s即可
Tom and Mike's Chinese teacher 汤姆和迈克的中文老师
两人或两人以上各自拥有的
在每个名词后加’s
Tom's and Mike's Chinese teachers 汤姆和迈克(各自拥有的)的中文老师
2、 of所有格
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。
用法
示例
表示无生命事物的所属关系
the door of the room房间的门
表示主谓关系
the arrival of the visitors参观者的到来
表示同位关系
the city of Shanghai上海市
表示部分与整体的关系
most of the students大多数学生
表示内容
the cost of living生活成本;the news of success捷报
表示拥有者的名词由短语或从句修饰时,借助“of”来表示所属关系。
the housing problem of the poor穷人的住房问题;
the advice of the old man who had experienced a lot这位饱经沧桑的老人的建议
三、双重所有格
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+名词's”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”,主要用法如下:
用法
示例
表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,可用a,any, some, a few, two等修饰of短语前面的名词,但不能用the
another house of John's 约翰的另一所房子
被双重所有格修饰的名词前有this, that, these, those等指示代词修饰时,通常带有一定的感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等
That dog of Tom's is really clever. 汤姆的那只狗真聪明。
1.—Hey, Judy! Whose piano is this? Is it yours?
—No. It’s my ________. We are twins, but we have different hobbies.
A.father’s B.cousin’s C.mother’s D.sister’s
2.The cat is ________ pet. It’s a birthday gift from their parents.
A.Ella and Emma’s B.Emma’s
C.Ella’s and Emma D.Ella’s and Emma’s
3.________ mother is an English teacher.
A.Tom’s and Kate B.Tom’s and Kate’s C.Tom and Kate’s D.Tom and Kate
思路点拨:
1. 句意:——嘿,朱迪!这是谁的钢琴?是你的吗?——不,这是我姐姐的。我们是双胞胎,但我们有不同的爱好。考查名词辨析及’s所有格。father’s父亲的;cousin’s表姐的;mother’s母亲的;sister’s姐姐的。根据“We are twins”并结合选项可知,此处应是指钢琴是自己双胞胎姐妹的。故选D。
2. 句意:这只猫是埃拉和艾玛的宠物。这是他们父母送的生日礼物。考查名词所有格。根据“The cat is...pet.”可知,空后是名词,空处应是所有格形式,因此排除选项C(是错误表达);结合“It’s a birthday gift from their parents.”,是一份礼物,此处应表示是Ella和Emma所共有的“宠物”,应该直接在最后的人名后面加’s,Ella and Emma’s为正确答案。故选A。
3. 句意:汤姆和凯特的妈妈是一名英语老师。考查名词所有格。Tom’s and Kate’s两个人各自的;Tom and Kate’s两人共同拥有的。根据“mother is an English teacher”可知,此处指两人共同的母亲。故选C。
· 答案1. D 2. A 3. C
代词
1.人称代词: 用来代替人或物,有人称、数和格的变化,通常在句子中作主语或宾语。
2.物主代词:在句子中作定语修饰名词的为形容词性物主代词;在句子中相当于“形容词性物主代词+n.”的为名词性物主代词反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。
3.反身代词: 其所在的句子主语应与该反身代词相对应才可使用,否则使用人称代词。
代词的形式变化表
人称
数
主格
宾格
形容词性物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一人称
单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
its
itself
复数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves
人称代词的用法:
(1)通常主格作主语(在句首,动词前)。
► He likes swimming. 他喜欢游泳。
(2)宾格作宾语(在动词或介词后)或作表语(在be动词后)。
► Can you understand me? 你能理解我吗?(作宾语)
(3)人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时,用主格和宾格都可以。
► Sam is much taller than I/me. 山姆比我高得多。
(4)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它代表主语时也是如此。
► —I like travelling. 我喜欢旅游。
—Me too. 我也喜欢。
(5)人称代词并列时的排列顺序。
①人称代词单数并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称→第三人称→第一人称,即you, he/she/it and I(若是承担错误责任,第一人称应当先)。
► It was I and John that made her angry. 是我和约翰使她生气了。
②复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称→第二人称→第三人称,即we, you and they。
物主代词的用法:
(1)形容词性物主代词相当于形容词,只能放在名词前作定语,后面一定要跟一个名词。
my book,your name,their hobbies
①放在被拥有的物体名词前,指明事物的归属者。
►My book is on the desk. 我的书在桌子上。
②放在被拥有的事物名词前,表示事物与某人有某种联系。
►He is my younger brother. 他是我的弟弟。
③用于描述说话人对自己所做的事情或某人对某人自己所做的事情。
►She is brushing her teeth. 她正在刷牙。
④放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的施行者。
► not long after our arrival 在我们到达后不久
⑤放在表示动作的名词之前,指明动作的承受者。
► Jim and his supporters 吉姆和他的支持者们
⑥用于头衔
► Your Majesty(陛下)
► Would Your Highness like a cup of tea? 阁下想要一杯茶吗?
反身代词:
反身代词用法口诀
反身代词莫乱用,能在句中宾、表、同;
主语、定语不能用,固定搭配要记清。
单数反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, itself;
复数反身代词:ourselves, yourselves, themselves。
4.不定代词:
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
用法
例句
some和any作定语时既可以修饰可数名词,又可以修饰不可数名词
Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 袋子里的一些大米已经卖出去了。(修饰不可数名词)
Do you have any brothers or sisters? 你有兄弟姐妹吗?(修饰可数名词)
some多用于肯定句;在表示请求、劝告、邀请、或不希望对方拒绝的疑问句中用some而不用any
Some of the boys are good at swimming. 一些男孩擅长游泳。
Will you give me some water? 请给我一些水好吗?
any多用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中;用于肯定句中,表示"任何"
If you have any questions, please ask me. 如果你有问题,可以问我。
Any child needs love. 任何一个孩子都需要爱。
some和any可以用来修饰单数名词,some表示"某一";any表示"任何的"
Any student can answer this question. 任何学生都可以回答这个问题。
Someday Chinese people will fly to the moon. 某天中国人将会飞上月球。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法
用于可数名词
用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念
a few虽少,但有几个
a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念
few不多,几乎没有
little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法
例句
other
某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的
Where are his other books? 他的另一些书在哪里?
others
其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构
Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other
两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构
She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others
其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部
In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another
另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个"
You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you? 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗?
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
用法
例句
all
①侧重指三者或三者以上"都,全部,一切",在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和同位语;
all于否定句时,表示部分否定;表示全部否定使用none。
All the students are on the playground. 所有的学生都在操场上。
Not all books are good.(= All books are not good. 不是所有的书都是好书。
both
①表示"两者都",可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语;
②用于否定句表示部分否定,全部否定使用neither;
③both... and"两者都,既……又……"。
They both are not workers. 他们两个不都是工人。
Both Carl and Jeff are good at playing football. 卡尔和杰夫都擅长踢足球
none
①意为"没有人,没有一个,一点儿也没有,作主语和宾语,不作定语;
②none指代可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数或复数形式均可,而指代不可数名词时,谓语动词必须使用单数形式。
None of the books are mine. 这些书都不是我的。
None of the rubbish has been removed. 垃圾一点也没运走。
either
①表示"两者中任何一个",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②either作主语时,谓语动词应使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
You can park on either side of the street. 你在街道的哪边停车都可以。
The two guests have arrived and either is welcome. 两个客人都到了,而且都受欢迎。
【知识拓展】
(1)either可用于搭配"either... or...",意为"或者……或者……;要么……要么……"。
Either he or I am to blame. 或者他或者我将受到责备。
(2)either可作为副词,意为"也",用于否定句的句末。
He won’ t go and I won’ t go either. 他不去,我也不去。
neither
①意为"两者都不",可作主语、宾语和定语;
②neither... nor..."既不……也不……"。
Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不对。
Neither he nor I am a doctor. 他和我都不是医生。
【易错警示】neither作主语时,谓语动词使用单数形式;作定语时,修饰单数名词。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法
例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语)
Do you need anything? 你需要点什么吗?(宾语)
Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情"
There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。
Is there anything interesting in the newspaper? 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
5.疑问代词:
用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。它们一般位于句首。疑问代词包括who、whose、whom、what、which。
代词
用法
例句
Who
表示"谁",可以指代单数和复数名词,在句中作主语、宾语或表语
Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日?
Whom
表示"谁",可以指代单数和复数。whom只能作动词的宾语或介词的宾语,不直接跟在介词后时可用who替换,位于介词后作介词宾语时只能用whom
To whom you were talking just now? 你刚才和谁说话呢?
Whom/Who did you often play with when you were a child? 小时候你经常和谁玩?
Whose
表示"谁的",既可置于名词前作定语,也可单独使用,在句中常作主语、宾语、定语或表语
Whose iPad is this? 这是谁的iPad? (定语)
Whose is this iPad? 这个iPad是谁的? (表语)
Which
表示"哪一个(些)",既可指人也可指物,可指可数名词单、复数,也可指不可数名词,在句中常作主语、宾语或定语
Which animal do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种动物?
Which is cheaper, this printer or that one? 这台打印机和那台打印机,哪台更便宜?
what
表示"什么",可单独使用,也可放在名词前,既可以指代或修饰不可数名词,也可以指代或修饰可数名词的单、复数。在句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语
What makes you love your hometown so much? 是什么使你这么热爱你的家乡?
1.—Whose bag is this?
—________ my bag and ________ color is brown.
A.Its; its B.It’s; its C.Its; it’s
2.—Bob, is this your ruler?
—No. ________ is in my schoolbag.
A.Mine B.Hers C.His D.Its
3.— Where did you get this sky lantern, Lingling?
— I made it by ________.
A.herself B.itself C.myself
4.— ________ your room?
— Yes. It is small but clean.
A.Are these B.What are C.Is this D.Does it
5.I have two dogs and ________ of them are white.
A.all B.both C.each D.every
6.—________ smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?
—A smart kitchen.
A.Whose B.What C.Who’s D.Which
思路点拨:
1. 句意:——这是谁的包? ——它是我的包,它的颜色是棕色的。考查代词辨析。it它,这,那,代词主格或宾格;its它的,形容词性物主代词。结合上句问句“Whose bag is this”可知,此处应用代词it指代上文提到的bag,“It’s”意为“它是”;又结合“…color is brown”可知,此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰color,意为“它的”。故选B。
2. 句意:——鲍勃,这是你的尺子吗?——不是。我的在我的书包里。考查名词性物主代词。Mine我的 (东西),名词性物主代词;Hers她的 (东西),名词性物主代词;His他的 (东西),名词性物主代词;Its它的 (东西),形容词性物主代词。根据语境可知,此处是指“我的尺子在我的书包里”,此处用名词性物主代词mine,代替my ruler。故选A。
3. 句意:——你从哪儿弄来的这个天灯,玲玲?——我自己做的。考查代词辨析。herself她自己;itself它自己;myself我自己。根据“I made it”可知,主语是I,反身代词用myself 。故选C。
4. 句意:——这是你的房间吗?——是的。它很小但很干净。考查一般疑问句。根据“Yes.”可知,问句为一般疑问句,选项B“What are”是特殊疑问句,故排除选项B。根据“room”可知,这是名词单数,选项A“Are these”后要跟名词复数,故排除选项A。选项D“Does it”是助动词does引导的一般疑问句,适用于句中有实义动词的情况,而本题问句中没有实义动词。“Is this”意为“这是……吗”,后跟名词单数,询问“这是你的房间吗”,符合语境。故选C。
5. 句意:我有两条狗, 它们都是白色的。考查代词辨析。all三者或三者以上全都;both两者都;each每一个 ;every每一个。根据前文“I have two dogs”和空格后“of them are white”可知,此处指的是两条狗都是白色的。故选B。
6. 句意:——你最喜欢哪个智能设备,智能马桶、水龙头还是厨房?——智能厨房。考查特殊疑问句。Whose谁的;What什么;Who’s谁是;Which哪一个,用于在两个或多个事物之间进行选择。根据“…smart device do you like best, a smart toilet, tap or kitchen?”可知,此处询问对方最喜欢哪个智能设备,应用Which“哪一个”。故选D。
· 答案1. B 2. A 3. C 4.C 5.B 6.D
冠词
定冠词的基本用法
1.用表示特指的人或物或者双方都知道的或心中都明白的人或物,或指上文已提到过的人或事物。
2.用在世界上独一无二的名词前。
The sun is shining brightly.太阳明亮地照耀着。
易错点:有些事物虽然也是独一无二的,但习惯上却不用冠词。如:space太空,nature自然,man人类等。
3.用在序数词和形容词、副词最高级前面。
Is this the first time you have visited Qingdao?
言语的巨人往往是行动的矮子。
易混点:
(1)定冠词the可以用于二者之中的比较级前表示最高级的含义。
Jim is the thinner of the two boys.
吉姆是两个男孩中比较瘦的那个。
(2)形容词only, very, same修饰名词时前面用定冠词the。
He is the very boy that I have been looking for.
他就是我一直在寻找的那个男孩。
4.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
The Greens are on holiday now.格林夫妇一家现在正在度假。
The Lis were watching TV when the lights went off.
姓李的那家人正在看电视,突然停电了。
1.用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。
the rich富人;the wounded伤员;
2.演奏的西洋乐器前一定要加定冠词。
He often plays the piano after finishing his homework.他常常写完作业后弹钢琴。
易错点:
(1)如果只是提到这种乐器,而不是演奏,则不一定用定冠词。
He bought a piano for his daughter.
他为女儿买了一架钢琴。
(2)用汉语拼音表示的乐器前不用冠词。
Play erhu拉二胡 play pipa弹琵琶
3.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is said that corn was grown a lot in Tibet in the 17th century.
不定冠词的基本用法
1.不定冠词a/an表示“某一个”,相当于some/a certain,意为“一个”,或首次提到的泛指的人或事物。
A young man wants to see you.
有个年轻人想见你。
2. 用在某些物质名词前,表示“一阵、一份、一类、一场”等。
Green tea is a wonderful tea.绿茶是一种很好的茶。
What a heavy rain!多大的一场雨啊!
3.表示一类人或物,指同类中的任何一个。
A dog is a faithful animal.狗是忠诚的动物。
=Dogs are faithful animals.
1. 表示“一个”,与one同源,但数的概念没有one强烈。
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.一鸟在手胜过二鸟在林。
易混点:通常成对出现的物品,一般只用一个不定冠词。如:a knife and fork一副刀叉。
5.用在表示数量、长度、时间、重量等的计数单位的名词前,表示“每一”相当于every, each, per等,。
The car moves 100 miles an hour.
这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶。
不定冠词a与an的区别
以辅音音素开头的单词前使用a,以元音音素开头的单词前使用an。但要注意以下两种情况:
①有些单词开头的辅音字母并不发音,即该单词的读音实际上是以元音音素开头的,要使用an,如:an hour,an honest man。
②有些单词以元音字母开头,但该单词的读音实际上是以辅音音素开头,要使用a,如:a university, a European country。
零冠词的基本用法
1.不可数名词、复数名词表示泛指,用零冠词。
Children like cartoons.孩子们喜欢卡通片。
2.名词前面有this, that ,my, your, some ,each, no, any, kind of ,type of等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词以及名词所有格等限定词作定语时不用冠词。
She is not my type of woman.她不是我心目中的那类女人。
3.表示独一无二的的职位、头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时不用冠词。
Mr Smith, head of the group, will plan for the whole trip.
小组的头头史密斯先生将全面制定这次旅行的计划。
Jim was made monitor for this month.吉姆当选这个月的班长。
4.街道名、广场、公园名和大学名前不加冠词。
Chang’an Street长安街;
Tian’an Men Square天安门广场;
Yale University耶鲁大学
5.季节、月份、星期、节日、假日、一日三餐、学科、球类、棋类等名称前一般不加冠词。
Spring is the best season of the year.
春天是一年中最好的季节。
1.Thanksgiving is ________ American festival. Americans still celebrate ________ festival today with a traditional dinner.
A./; / B.an; / C.a; the D.an; the
2.—Do you know the woman in blue?
—Yes. She is ________ art teacher in our school.
A.a B.the C.an D.不填
3.Tom, do you have ________ eraser in your schoolbag? I see a mistake in my homework.
A.a B./ C.an D.the
4.—________ old basketball is on the desk. Do you like to play ________ basketball?
—Yes, I do.
A.A; the B.An; / C.A; an D.An; the
思路点拨:
1. 句意:感恩节是美国的节日。美国人今天仍然用传统的晚餐来庆祝这个节日。考查冠词的用法。an不定冠词;a不定冠词;the定冠词。根据“Thanksgiving is…American festival. Americans still celebrate…festival today with a traditional dinner.”可知,第一个空表示泛指,指感恩节是美国的节日之一,并且“American”为元音音素开头,因此应用不定冠词an;第二个空表示特指,指代前句所提到的感恩节,因此应用定冠词the修饰后面的名词。故选D。
2.句意:—— 你认识那个穿蓝色衣服的女士吗? ——认识。她是我们学校的一名美术老师。
考查冠词。a一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the这个,那个,定冠词表特指;an一个,不定冠词表泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前。根据“She is...art teacher in our school”可知,此处是泛指一个美术老师,“art”以元音音素开头,不定冠词用an。故选C。
3.句意:汤姆,你书包里有橡皮擦吗?我在作业中发现了一个错误。考查冠词辨析。a一,泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;/零冠词;an一,泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the特指。根据“eraser”可知,此处泛指一块橡皮擦,且“eraser”是元音音素开头的单词,故选C。
4.句意:——一个旧篮球在桌子上。你喜欢打篮球吗?——是的,我喜欢。考查冠词辨析。old元音音素开头,第一个空处应用不定冠词an表示泛指;play basketball“打篮球”,固定短语,球类和棋类前不加the,没有冠词。故选B。
· 答案1. D 2. C 3. C 4.B
一、单项选择
1.—Alice, is ________ eraser on the desk yours?
—No, it isn’t. I don’t have ________ eraser.
A.an; / B.an; an C.the; an D./; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——Alice,桌子上的橡皮擦是你的吗?——不,它不是。 我没有橡皮擦。考查冠词的用法。the为定冠词,表示特指;an为不定冠词,表示泛指。第一空根据“…eraser on the desk yours?”可知,此处特指桌子上的橡皮擦,应用the修饰;第二个空根据“I don’t have … eraser.”可知,此处泛指一个橡皮擦,应用an修饰。故选C。
2.This is ________ orange and that is ________ ruler.
A.a; a B.a; an C.an; a
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这是一个橙子,那是一把尺子。考查不定冠词。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前面。orange是以元音音素开头,用an修饰,ruler是以辅音音素开头,用a修饰。故选C。
3.I like playing ________ football but my brother likes playing ________ piano.
A.the; the B.the; / C./; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我喜欢踢足球,但是我哥哥喜欢弹钢琴。
考查定冠词the的用法。the,定冠词,表特指;/不加冠词。根据“play+球类运动”时,球类运动前面不加冠词,play football表示“踢足球”;而“play+乐器”时,乐器前面一般要加上定冠词the,play the piano表示“弹钢琴”。故选C。
4.My brother can play ________ basketball, but he can’t play ________ erhu.
A.the, the B./, a C.the, / D./, the
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我哥哥会打篮球,但他不会拉二胡。
考查冠词的用法。定冠词the,意为“这个,那个”,表示特指;/表示不填,零冠词。当play和球类名词连用时,球类名词前不加冠词;当play和乐器类名词连用时,乐器类名词前要加定冠词the。故选D。
5.—________ your parents in the first photo?
—Yes, ________ are. I love them.
A.Are; They B.Is; They C.Are; they D.Is; they
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你的父母在第一张照片里吗?——是的,他们是。我爱他们。
考查主谓一致以及代词用法。根据“…your parents in the first photo?”可知,一般疑问句中,主语是“your parents”,第一个空应用Are;此处作肯定回答,应表达为“Yes, 主语+are”,主语应用they,指代“your parents”。故选C。
6.—Are ________ Tom’s friend?
—Yes, and ________ name is Lily .
A.you; I B.you; my C.he; my D.he; I
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你是Tom的朋友吗?——是的,我的名字是Lily。
考查代词辨析。you你;I我;my我的;he他。此处是两人对话,因此问“你”是……吗?,回答应该以第一人称表示,修饰名词用形容词性物主代词my。故选B。
7.Mum, ________ is my friend. ________ name is Tony.
A.he; His B.this; He’s C.this; His D.he; He’s
【答案】C
【详解】句意:妈妈,这是我的朋友。他的名字叫托尼。
考查代词用法。he他;His他的;this这个;He’s他是。根据“…is my friend”可知,第一空是介绍某人,应用this is;根据“…name is Tony.”可知,第二空是修饰名词,应用形容词性物主代词His。故选C。
8.Nobody teaches ________ English. He learns English by ________.
A.him; him B.himself; him C.him; himself D.his; himself
【答案】C
【详解】句意:没有人教他英语。他是自学英语的。
考查代词辨析。him他,人称代词宾格;himself他自己,反身代词;his他的,物主代词。teach sb sth“教某人某事”,第一空应使用宾格形式;learn ... by oneself “自学……”,第二空应填反身代词himself。故选C。
9.Li Ming thinks ______ of the two works of art are amazing.
A.each B.every C.both D.all
【答案】C
【详解】句意:李明认为这两件艺术作品都很棒。
考查代词的用法。each表示“各自”,常用于两个或以上;every表示“每一个”,用于三个或以上;both表示“两者都”;all用于三个或以上的情况。根据“of the two works of art are”可知,是在谈论两个艺术作品,谓语动词是复数are,因此用both来表示“两者都”。故选C。
10.We can see some ________ and ________ on the desk.
A.photo; key B.photoes; key C.photos; keys D.photoes; keys
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们可以看到一些照片和一些钥匙在桌子上。考查复数名词。some修饰可数名词的复数,两空都用复数。photo的复数是photos,key的复数是keys。故选C。
11.This is Mrs. Green. She is ________ mom.
A.Susan and Lily B.Susan and Lily’s
C.Susan’s and Lily D.Susan’s and Lily’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是格林太太。她是苏珊和莉莉的妈妈。
考查名词所有格。根据空后名词“mom”可知,格林太太是两位女孩共同的妈妈,应在最后一个名词后加’s,即Susan and Lily’s。故选B。
12.Look! Two ________ are planting ________ with their students.
A.man teachers; apple trees B.man teachers; apples trees
C.men teachers; apples trees D.men teachers; apple trees
【答案】D
【详解】句意:看!两位男老师正在和他们的学生一起种苹果树。考查复合名词。当man和woman作定语修饰名词表示复数时,man和woman也要变成复数形式men和women,所以“男老师”的复数形式是men teachers;其他名词作定语时,通常使用单数形式,所以“苹果树”的复数形式是apple trees。故选D。
13.________ room is big and tidy.
A.Tom’s and Mike B.Tom’s and Mikes’ C.Tom’s and Mike’s D.Tom and Mike’s
【答案】D
【详解】句意:汤姆和迈克的房间又大又整洁。
考查所有格。根据单数名词room可知,此处表示两人共有的房间,只需要在后一个名字上使用所有格结构,即Tom and Mike’s。故选D。
14. —What are these?
—________ are ________.
A.They, pencils B.They, pencil C.It, a pencil D.It, pencils
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这些是什么?——它们是铅笔。考查人称代词及名词复数。根据“What are these?”可知,回答应用复数形式,they“它们”,pencil“铅笔”,可数名词,用复数形式。故选A。
二、完形填空
Hello! I’m John. Now I’m at school. This is my 1 . Look! There are 51 desks and 50 chairs in it. 2 this desk. It is my desk. It is nice. Do you know its 3 ? It’s orange.
My schoolbag is on the desk. Some books, a pencil case and a cap are in my schoolbag. The 4 looks nice. I 5 it so I wear it every day. I get it from my 6 . He gives (给) it to me on my birthday.
In my pencil case are 7 pencils: one red pencil and two yellow pencils. I don’t like red or yellow very much. My 8 colour is blue. I have many blue things.
Oh, where is my key? I can’t 9 it. It isn’t in my schoolbag. Is it on the desk? No, it isn’t. I must find it. Please 10 me if (如果) you see it. My phone number (电话号码) is 627-1858. Thank you so much.
1.A.library B.school C.classroom D.house
2.A.Look at B.Put up C.Get up D.Write down
3.A.page B.colour C.name D.bell
4.A.book B.cap C.bottle D.key
5.A.mean B.start C.like D.circle
6.A.aunt B.sister C.mother D.father
7.A.two B.three C.four D.five
8.A.fun B.kind C.next D.favourite
9.A.find B.say C.think D.help
10.A.speak B.play C.call D.make
【答案】
1.C 2.A 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.D 9.A 10.C
【导语】本文主要介绍了教室里的物品信息。
1.句意:这是我的教室。
library图书馆;school学校;classroom教室;house房子。根据下文“There are 51 desks and 50 chairs in it.”可知,课桌和椅子是在教室里。故选C。
2.句意:看这张桌子。
Look at看;Put up张贴;Get up起床;Write down写下。根据“this desk”以及下文“It is my desk. It is nice.”可知,此处在介绍这个桌子,所以表示“看”。故选A。
3.句意:你知道它的颜色吗?
page页;colour颜色;name名字;bell铃。根据下文“It’s orange.”可知,此处询问是否知道它的颜色。故选B。
4.句意:这顶帽子看起来很漂亮。
book书;cap帽子;bottle瓶子;key钥匙。根据下文“so I wear it every day”可知,此处指帽子看起来很漂亮。故选B。
5.句意:我喜欢它所以我每天戴着它。
mean意思是;start开始;like喜欢;circle圈。根据“so I wear it every day”可知,此处表示喜欢那顶帽子。故选C。
6.句意:我从我妈妈那里获得的它。
aunt姑姑;sister妹妹;mother妈妈;father爸爸。根据下文“He gives it to me on my birthday.”可知,此处指男性。故选D。
7.句意:我的铅笔盒里有三支铅笔:一支红色的铅笔和两支黄色的铅笔。
two二;three三;four四;five五。根据“one red pencil and two yellow pencils”可知,有三支铅笔。故选B。
8.句意:我最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。
fun有趣的;kind善良的;next下一个;favourite最喜爱的。根据下文“I have many blue things.”可知,此处指最喜欢的颜色是蓝色。故选D。
9.句意:我找不到它。
find找到;say说;think认为;help帮助。根据上文“Oh, where is my key?”及“I can’t…it.”可知,此处指找不到钥匙了。故选A。
10. 句意:如果你看到它了,请给我打电话。
speak说;play玩;call打电话;make制造。根据下文“My phone number is 627-1858.”可知,此处指“给我打电话”。故选C。
三、语法选择
My name is Belle. I’m 11 . I am a new student in No. 1 Middle School. On the first day of school, my grandfather takes me to school. At the school gate, 12 a teacher. She leads (带领) me to my classroom. We call her Mrs. Miller.
The first class 13 at 8: 10. Mrs. Miller is my English teacher. She is 14 very nice teacher. At 8: 45, the bell rings. We can 15 in the playground. That’s my favourite. After ten minutes, the bell rings again. It’s time for my 16 class. But I’m confused (困惑的) . 17 is my classroom? I don’t know where to go 18 just stand there. Luckily, my English teacher sees me and helps 19 find my classroom.
When I go home, I tell my parents and grandparents 20 my school day. They all laugh (笑) .
11.A.ten year old B.ten-years-old C.ten years old D.ten year-old
12.A.are there B.there are C.is there D.there is
13.A.is starting B.starts C.started D.will start
14.A.a B.an C.the D./
15.A.to play B.play C.playing D.played
16.A.first B.one C.second D.two
17.A.What B.How C.When D.Where
18.A.and B.or C.because D.after
19.A.me B.I C.my D.mine
20.A.in B.on C.about D.with
【答案】
11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B 16.C 17.D 18.A 19.A 20.C
【导语】本文讲述了Belle作为新学生在第一天上学时的所见所闻,以及她如何适应新环境。
11.句意:我十岁了。
ten year old表述错误;ten-years-old表述错误;ten years old十岁,作表语;ten year-old表述错误。根据“I’m ...”可知,此处表示年龄,表达年龄可以用基数词+ years old。故选C。
12.句意:在学校门口,有一位老师。
are there有,there be句型的一般疑问句形式,时态为一般现在时;there are有,主语是复数,时态为一般现在时;is there有,there be句型的一般疑问句形式,时态为一般现在时;there is有,主语是单数,时态为一般现在时。根据“At the school gate, ... a teacher”可知,此处为there be结构,主语a teacher为名词单数,时态为一般现在时,be动词用is。故选D。
13.句意:第一堂课在8:10开始。
is starting开始,现在进行时;starts开始,一般现在时第三人称单数形式;started开始,一般过去时;will start开始,一般将来时。根据“The first class ... at 8: 10.”可知,此处描述的是习惯性的行为,时态用一般现在时,主语The first class为第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式starts。故选B。
14.句意:她是一个非常好的老师。
a一个,用在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用在以元音音素开头的单词前;the,定冠词,表特指;/,零冠词。由于very是以辅音音素开头的词,此处用不定冠词a表示泛指。故选A。
15.句意:我们可以在操场上玩。
to play玩,动词不定式;play玩,动词原形;playing玩,现在分词或动名词;played玩,过去式或过去分词。情态动词can后接动词原形。故选B。
16.句意:是我第二节课的时间。
first第一;one一;second第二;two二。根据前文“The first class starts at 8: 10.”以及“At 8: 45, the bell rings. We can play in the playground. That’s my favourite. After ten minutes, the bell rings again.”可知,此处指的是第二堂课,用序数词second。故选C。
17.句意:我的教室在哪里?
What什么;How怎样;When何时;Where哪里。根据下文“I don’t know where to go ...”可知,此处是不知道教室在哪里。故选D。
18.句意:我不知道该去哪里,只是站在那里
and和,然后;or或;because因为;after在……之后。根据“I don’t know where to go... just stand there.”可知,此处是并列连续发生的两个动作,用并列连词and。故选A。
19.句意:幸运的是,我的英语老师看到了我,并帮助我找到了我的教室。
me我,宾格;I我,主格;my我的,形容词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词。根据“helps ... find my classroom.”可知,此处是作helps的宾语,表示帮“我”,需用宾格代词me。故选A。
20.句意:当我回家时,我告诉父母和祖父母我在学校的一天。
in在……里面;on在……上面;about关于;with用,和……一起。根据“I tell my parents and grandparents ... my school day.”可知,此处是讲述关于学校的事情,about“关于”,符合语境。故选C。
三四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在文章空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hello, I am Han Lin. Today, I don’t need 21 (go) to school. So I go to my 22 (uncle) farm with my friends.
23 farm is very big. When we get to the farm, we walk around (环绕) it. My uncle has many 24 (animal)! There 25 (be) pigs, chickens, ducks, horses and cows. We see my uncle feed (喂) the horses. We help 26 (they) get some grass to eat. We also learn to ride (骑) horses. It’s really difficult, 27 we all like it. My uncle rides a white horse and he rides it 28 (good). The white horse is his favourite one. At dinner time, my uncle 29 (make) delicious food for us. We have a lot 30 fun.
【答案】
21.to go 22.uncle’s 23.The 24.animals 25.are 26.them 27.but 28.well 29.makes 30.of
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和朋友去叔叔的农场的经历。
21.句意:今天,我不必去上学。need to do sth“需要做某事”,空处用不定式作宾语。故填to go。
22.句意:所以我和我朋友去了我叔叔的农场。此处修饰名词farm,用名词所有格形式。故填uncle’s。
23.句意:农场很大。此处是特指前文提到的叔叔的农场,用定冠词the,句首单词首字母大写。故填The。
24.句意:我叔叔养了很多动物!many后跟可数名词的复数形式animals“动物”。故填animals。
25.句意:有猪、鸡、鸭、马和牛。本文时态是一般现在时,句子是there be句型,遵循“就近原则”,就近的主语pigs是复数,be动词用are。故填are。
26.句意:我们帮助它们得到一些草吃。此处作动词help的宾语,应用其宾格代词them“它们”。故填them。
27.句意:这真的很难,但我们都喜欢。空前后句是转折关系,用but“但是”连接。故填but。
28.句意:我的叔叔骑着一匹白马,他骑得很好。此处修饰动词rides,用副词形式well“好”。故填well。
29.句意:在晚餐时间,我叔叔为我们做美味的食物。本文时态是一般现在时,主语是my uncle,谓语动词用第三人称单数makes“制作”。故填makes。
30.句意:我们有很多乐趣。a lot of“很多”,固定短语。故填of。
真题感知
一、选择题
1.(2024·河北唐山·小升初真题)How many __________ do you have? ( )
A.books B.book C.car
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你有多少本书?本题考查可数名词及其单复数。A书,可数名词复数;B书,可数名词单数;C汽车,可数名词单数。how many后跟可数名词复数,故选A。
2.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)My uncle has many ______, and I want to borrow ______. ( )
A.videos; some B.videos; lots of C.videos; nothing D.video; any
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我叔叔有许多录像带,我想借_______。本题考查可数名词及其单复数和不定代词。video录像带,是可数名词,前面有many,video要用复数形式videos;some一些,用于肯定句中,能单独使用;any用于否定或疑问句中;lots of后需加宾语;nothing什么也没有,与句意不符。句子是陈述句肯定句。故选A。
3.(2023·新疆克拉玛依·小升初真题)—Whose pen is it? ( )
—It’s ______.
A.Peter B.Peter’s C.peter’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—这是谁的钢笔?—是______。本题考查专有名词和名词所有格。根据句意可知答语回答是谁的,故该空用名词所有格,Peter彼得,人名,首字母大写,其名词所有格是Peter’s。故选B。
4.(2023·湖南怀化·小升初真题)Let me count. There are seven new __________ in my schoolbag. ( )
A.pen B.books C.ruler
【答案】B
【详解】句意:让我数数。在我的书包里有七本新书。本题考查可数名词及其单复数。A单数,钢笔。B复数,书。C单数,尺子。根据seven可知,本题需要复数名词,故选B。
5.(2023·海南三亚·小升初真题)When he was young, he ________ very much. ( )
A.like potatoes B.liked potatoes C.liked potatos
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当他年轻的时候,他非常喜欢土豆。本题考查动词的形式及可数名词复数形式,根据从句中的was可知句子是一般过去时,主句也应该是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,排除A选项;potato的复数形式是potatoes,故选B。
6.(2023·浙江温州·小升初真题)—What would you like for breakfast? ( )
—I’d like ______ egg, a cake and some milk.
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:—你早餐想要吃什么?—我想要一个鸡蛋,一块蛋糕和一些牛奶。本题考查不定冠词,A用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前,B用于元音音素开头的单数名词前,C表特指。根据句意可知该句表示泛指,排除选项C,egg是元音音素开头的单词,故选B。
7.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)Shall we go to ______ Summer Palace next weekend? ( )
A.a B.the C.an D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们下周末去颐和园吗?本题考查定冠词。Summer Palace是专有名词,且是独一无二的,前面用定冠词the,故选B。
8.(2022·广东中山·小升初真题)I often spend ______ hour watching TV every day. It can help me relax. ( )
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我每天经常花一个小时看电视。它能帮我放松。本题考查不定冠词,A用于辅音音素开头的单词前,B用于元音音素开头的单词前,C表特指,D零冠词。该句表示泛指,排除选项C;hour是可数名词单数,用不定冠词修饰,排除选项D。hour是元音音素开头的单词,用an修饰,故选B。
9.(2022·江苏南通·小升初真题)Can you show me ______ nice doll on the bed? ( )
A.a B.the C.不填
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能给我看一下床上的漂亮娃娃吗? 本题考查定冠词。a一个,用于泛指;the这个、那个,用于特指;根据题干可知on the bed修饰doll,表示娃娃的地点,可知此处为特指,the符合题意。故选B。
10.(2022·广东惠州·小升初真题)Jack has ______ umbrella. ______ umbrella is new. ( )
A.an; A B.an; the C.an; The
【答案】C
【详解】句意:杰克有一把伞。这把伞很新。本题考查冠词的用法。第一句中表示一把雨伞为泛指,用不定冠词,umbrella以元音音素发音,不定冠词用an;第二空表示再次提到同一事物,用定冠词the,放在句首,首字母大写。故选C。
11.(2022·江苏无锡·小升初真题)There is ______ apple tree in my garden. In ______ tree, there is ______ small house for the birds. ( )
A.an; the; a B.an; the; an C.the; the; a D.an; the; the
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的花园里有一颗苹果树。在树上,有一个供鸟住的小房子。本题考查冠词的用法。根据句意可知第一三个空表泛指,用a/an修饰,apple以元音音素开头,前面用an修饰,small以辅音音素开头,前面用a修饰,第二个空指已提到的物,用the,故选A。
12.(2024·江西赣州·小升初真题)Your feet are bigger than _____. ( )
A.me B.mine C.I
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你的脚比我的脚大。本题考查名词性物主代词,A我,宾格;B我的,名词性物主代词;C我,主格。这里是将你的脚与我的脚进行对比,my feet可以用名词性物主代词mine来表示,故选B。
13.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)Kites and balloons all need the air. It keeps ______ high in the sky. ( )
A.they B.them C.their
【答案】B
【详解】句意:风筝和气球都需要空气。这让他们在高空中。本题考查宾格人称代词,they它们,人称代词主格形式,them是人称代词宾格形式,their是形容词性物主代词。keeps是动词,后接人称代词宾格形式,故选B。
14.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)Kitty and I are good friends. We ______ like helping people. ( )
A.both B.all C.too
【答案】A
【详解】句意:凯蒂和我是好朋友。我们都喜欢帮助人们。本题考查不定代词。A两者都,B三者或者三者以上,C也,副词。根据Kitty and I可知我和凯蒂都喜欢帮助人,both符合题意,故选A。
15.(2023·山西太原·小升初真题)I don’t have ______ glue. Can you give me ______, please? ( )
A.any; some B.an; any C.some; any
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我没有胶水。请问你能给我一些吗?本题考查不定代词。some一些,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,通常用在肯定句中;any一些,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,通常用于否定句和疑问句中;an一个,不定冠词。第一句是否定句,用any;第二句表示想要得到对方肯定回答时用some。故选A。
16.(2023·山西临汾·小升初真题)—Would you like ______ juice? ( )
—Yes, I’d like ______.
A.some; some B.any; some C.some; any
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—你想要一些果汁吗?—是的,我想要一些。本题考查不定代词,some/any一些,修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词,some通常用在肯定句中,any通常用于否定句和疑问句中。本题为固定句式Would like…? 通常与some连用,表示发出邀请,并希望得到对方肯定回答。答语是肯定句,需补充some。故选A。
17.(2023·山西临汾·小升初真题)—What are these? ( )
—______ are potatoes.
A.They B.It C.We
【答案】A
【详解】句意:—这些是什么?—它们是土豆。本题考查人称代词。A他/她/它们,B它,C我们,问句主语是these,答语主语用they回答,故选A。
18.(2023·山西运城·小升初真题)______ would you like to know ______ him? ( )
A.What; of B.What; about C.Where; about
【答案】B
【详解】句意:关于他你想知道些什么?本题考查疑问词及动词短语。What什么,Where哪里。根据know可知,缺少宾语,用疑问代词What提问;know about sb了解某人。故选B。
19.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)Tell ______ about your story, please. ( )
A.my B.me C.I
【答案】B
【详解】句意:请告诉我关于你的故事。本题考查人称代词。A我的,形容词性物主代词;B我,人称代词宾格;C我,人称代词主格。tell是动词,后面的人称代词用宾格做宾语,故选B。
20.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)Did you do ______ else? ( )
A.anything B.something C.nothing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你(你们)还做了其他什么事吗?本题考查不定代词,A任何事情,用于否定句和疑问句;B一些事情,用于肯定句中;C没有事情。该句是一般疑问句,anything符合句意,故选A。
21.(2022·河北唐山·小升初真题)My pet is heavier than ______. ( )
A.you B.yours C.your
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的宠物比______重。本题考查名词性物主代词。A你、你们,人称代词主格或宾格;B你的、你们的,名词性物主代词;C你的、你们的,形容词性物主代词。根据句意可知此处指你的宠物,该空后面没有名词,故用名词性物主代词。故选B。
22.(2023·浙江杭州·小升初真题)We have a problem. Can you help ______? ( )
A.t B.you C.us D.our
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们有一个问题。你(们)能帮助______吗?本题考查人称代词。A表特指,B你(们),C我们,D我们的。help后接人称代词宾格,us是we的宾格,C符合句意,故选C。
23.(2023·广西·小升初真题)The man was poor but ______ was honest. ( )
A.he B.she C.it D.himself
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个人很穷,但是他很诚实。本题考查人称代词。he他;she她; it它;himself他自己。结合语境可知本句中人称代词指代的前文提到的man,故用人称代词he,故选A。
24.(2022·青海黄南·小升初真题)There is ______ house in the picture. There is ______ old woman near ______ house. ( )
A.an; a; the B.a; an; the C.the; a; an D.a; the; an
【答案】B
【详解】句意:照片里有一座房子。这座房子旁边有一位老妇人。本题考查冠词的用法,第一句一座房子为泛指,且house第一个音节/h/为辅音音节,故用不定冠词a,第二句一位老妇人为泛指,且old第一个音节/əʊ/为元音音节,故用不定冠词an,这座房子为前面提到过的事物,是特指,用定冠词the,故选B。
25.(2022·河南三门峡·小升初真题)—What can you see in the picture? ( )
—I can see ______ old umbrella, ______ red apple and ______ orange book.
A.a; an; an B.an; an; an C.an; a; an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:—你能在图片中看到什么?—我看见一把旧雨伞,一个红苹果和一本橘色的书。本题考查不定冠词。a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于元音音素开头的单词前。old是元音音素开头的单词,用an;red是辅音音素开头的单词,用a;orange是元音音素开头的单词,用an;选项C符合题意,故选C。
提升专练
一、单项选择
1.This is my _______, Dale. He’s my aunt’s son.
A.uncle B.cousin C.brother D.aunt
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是我的表弟,戴尔。他是我姑姑的儿子。考查名词辨析。uncle叔叔;cousin表弟;brother哥哥;aunt阿姨。根据“He’s my aunt’s son.”可知,姑姑的儿子是自己的表兄弟。故选B。
2.—What’s your ________?
—I like swimming and gardening.
A.hobby B.sport C.team
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的爱好是什么?——我喜欢游泳和园艺。考查名词辨析。hobby爱好;sport运动;team团队。根据“swimming and gardening”可知,游泳和园艺是爱好。故选A。
3.The boy is my________. He is my uncle’s son.
A.cousin B.aunt C.grandmother D.uncle
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个男孩是我的表弟。他是我叔叔的儿子。考查名词辨析。cousin表弟;aunt婶婶;grandmother祖母;uncle叔叔。根据“He is my uncle’s son”可知,和叔叔的儿子应是表亲关系,故选A。
4.—Tom, what is your ________?
—I like reading very much.
A.name B.hobby C.term D.age
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆,你的爱好是什么?——我非常喜欢读书。考查名词辨析。name名字;hobby爱好;term学期;age年龄。根据“I like reading very much.”可知,此处询问的是Tom的爱好是什么,hobby“爱好”,符合语境。故选B。
5.—I want to be a ________ like Yuan Longping when I grow up.
—Great! You can do it.
A.scientist B.teacher C.artist D.writer
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我长大后想成为像袁隆平那样的科学家。——太好了!你能做到的。考查名词辨析。scientist科学家;teacher老师;artist艺术家;writer作家。根据选项和“like Yuan Longping”可知,此处表示“我”长大后想成为像袁隆平那样的科学家。故选A。
6.This is ________ room. It’s clean and tidy.
A.Ella’s and Emma’s B.Ella and Emma’s C.Ella and Emma
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是埃拉和艾玛的房间。它干净整洁。考查名词所有格。根据“This is...”可知这是两人共同的房间,只需在最后一个人后加’s。故选B。
7.—What animals can you find on the farm?
—I can find some ________, many ________and cows.
A.gooses; sheeps B.geese; sheep C.goose; sheep
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你能在农场找到什么动物?——我能找到一些鹅,许多羊和牛。
考查名词的复数。goose“鹅”,复数形式为geese;sheep“羊”,复数形式也是sheep,是单复同形的名词。some后接可数名词的复数geese;many后接复数sheep,是一个单复同形的名词。故选B。
8.This is ________ dog. Do you know (你知道) the name ________ her dog?
A.Anna’s; of B.Anna; of C.Anna’s; in D.Anna; at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这是安娜的狗。你知道她狗的名字吗?考查名词所有格及介词辨析。of……的;in在里面;at在。根据“This is…dog.”可知,此处表示“安娜的狗”,应该用名词所有格形式Anna’s,故排除B、D项。根据“the name…her dog”可知,此处是询问狗的名字,表示所属关系用介词of。故选A。
9.This is ________ room. It is not big but very tidy.
A.Maria’s and Rose B.Maria and Rose’s C.Maria’s and Rose’s
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这是玛丽亚和罗斯的房间。它不大,但很整洁。考查所有格。空后是单数名词room,因此此处是指Maria和Rose共享一个房间,表示共有关系,应用“Maria and Rose’s room”。故选B。
10.
—What are those?
—________ ________.
A.They, erasers B.They’re, erasers C.It’s, an eraser D.It, an eraser
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——那些是什么?——是橡皮。考查代词辨析和名词复数。they它们;it它。根据“What are those”可知回答的主语用代词they,be动词用are,表语用名词复数erasers。故选B。
11.My aunt has ________ son. He likes playing ________ violin.
A.an; the B.a;a C.a; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我的姑姑有一个儿子。他喜欢拉小提琴。考查冠词的用法。the定冠词,表示特指;a/an表示“一个”,不定冠词,an用于元音音素开头的单数名词前;a用于辅音音素开头的单数名词前。第一空表示“一个”,son以辅音音素开头,故填a;violin小提琴,西洋乐器,表示演奏某种西洋乐器时,乐器类前面加冠词the,故选C。
12.This is ________ eraser, and ________ eraser is my sister’s.
A.a; the B.an; a C.an; the D.a; an
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这是一块橡皮擦,那块橡皮擦是我妹妹的。考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指,且eraser是以元音音素开头的。第二空后eraser是再一次提到的,应填the表示特指前文提到的事物,故选C。
13.Here is ________ eraser on our teacher’s desk. Is it Mike’s?
A.a B.an C.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们老师的桌子上有一块橡皮。是迈克的吗?考查冠词。空后eraser是单数名词,此处表示泛指,且eraser首字母以元音音素开头,所以用an修饰,故选B。
14.I have ________ red violin and I like playing ________ violin.
A.a, an B.an, a C.a, the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我有一把红色的小提琴,我喜欢拉小提琴。考查冠词的用法。第一个空表示泛指,“一把小提琴”,red是一个以辅音音素/r/开头的单词,用不定冠词a;第二个空表示演奏小提琴,play the violin意为“拉小提琴”,乐器名词前要加定冠词the。故选C。
15.Tom can play ________ guitar and he can play ________ football.
A.the; the B./; / C.the; / D./; the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆会弹吉他,他会踢足球。考查冠词用法。乐器前加定冠词the,球类运动前不加冠词。play the guitar“弹吉他”,play football“踢足球”。故选C。
二、完形填空
阅读下面短文,掌握大意,然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Alan is a middle school student. His friends, Jack, Tom, and Mike, all have a 16 , but he doesn’t. It makes him feel different.
One day, he tells them, “I have a cute black dog at my home, and 17 name is Stella. She likes eating 18 and playing with balls.”
After school, Alan’s friends would like to go home with him and 19 the dog.
“No, you can’t come 20 Stella is afraid (害怕的) to see a lot of people,” lies (撒谎) Alan.
“We can play with her one after another and have 21 with her.” says Jack.
Alan still lies, “But we will go out today. You can come to my home tomorrow.”
Then, Alan runs to his 22 and tells his mother about it.
“It’s not 23 to lie,” says Mom. Alan knows his mistake, but 24 can he do now?
The next day, Alan doesn’t feel 25 and stays at home all day. In the evening, his friends come to 26 home to see him. One of them brings some bananas. “We see Stella in the yard. She is not 27 but yellow. She doesn’t like playing with balls and she isn’t afraid to see many people. But she does like 28 bananas.” says Tom.
Alan can’t believe it and he runs to the yard. Oh, his mother buys him a dog. Alan thanks his mother. Then he tells the truth (真相) to his good friends and says “ 29 ” to them.
After Alan’s friends hear his words, they smile and say “That’s OK”. Then the 30 boys play with the dog happily in the yard.
16.A.dog B.rabbit C.horse D.duck
17.A.his B.my C.your D.her
18.A.fish B.bananas C.grass D.chicken
19.A.see B.draw C.count D.buy
20.A.and B.so C.because D.but
21.A.lessons B.fun C.dinner D.partie
22.A.store B.school C.home D.farm
23.A.easy B.interesting C.smart D.right
24.A.what B.why C.how D.which
25.A.funny B.warm C.hot D.good
26.A.Jack’s B.Tom’s C.Alan’s D.Mike’s
27.A.green B.white C.black D.pink
28.A.finding B.watching C.cleaning D.eating
29.A.Sorry B.Goodbye C.You’re welcome D.Thanks
30.A.one B.two C.three D.four
【答案】
16.A 17.D 18.B 19.A 20.C 21.B 22.C 23.D 24.A 25.D 26.C 27.C 28.D 29.A 30.D
【导语】本文讲述了一个名叫Alan的中学生,为了融入朋友们,Alan谎称自己有一只小狗,妈妈帮他圆谎,他认识到自己的错误跟朋友们道歉的故事。
16.句意:他的朋友Jack、Tom和Mike都有一只狗,但他没有。
dog狗;rabbit兔子;horse马;duck鸭子。根据后文“I have a cute black dog at my home,”可知,后来有了狗,说明之前没有。故选A。
17.句意:我家有一只可爱的黑狗,她的名字叫Stella。
his他的;my我的;your你的;her她的。根据“...name is Stella.”可知,Stella是女名。故选D。
18.句意:她喜欢吃香蕉和玩球。
fish鱼;bananas香蕉;grass草;chicken鸡肉。根据“But she does like eating bananas”可知,狗确实喜欢吃香蕉。故选B。
19.句意:放学后,Alan的朋友们想和他一起回家看那只狗。
see看见;draw画;count数数;buy买。根据“Alan’s friends would like to go home with him and... the dog”可知,此句表达朋友们想去他家看那只狗。故选A。
20.句意:“不,你们不能来,因为Stella害怕见到很多人,”Alan撒谎说。
and和;so所以;because因为;but但是。根据“No, you can’t come... Stella is afraid to see a lot of people,”可知,后半句表原因,应用because连接。故选C。
21.句意:“我们可以一个接一个地和她玩,和她一起玩得很开心。”杰克说。
lessons课程;fun乐趣;dinner晚餐;parties聚会。根据“have... with her”可知,have fun“玩得愉快”,固定搭配。故选B。
22.句意:然后,Alan跑回家,把这件事告诉了妈妈。
store商店;school学校;home家;farm农场。根据“Alan runs to his... and tells his mother about it.”可知,Alan跑回家然后告诉了妈妈。故选C。
23.句意:“撒谎是不对的,”妈妈说。
easy容易的;interesting有趣的;smart聪明的;right正确的。根据“It’s not...to lie”可知,撒谎是不对的。故选D。
24.句意:Alan知道自己的错误,但现在他能做什么呢?
what什么;why为什么;how如何;which哪一个。根据“but...can he do now?”可知,此句表达Alan不知道现在能做什么。故选A。
25.句意:第二天,Alan感觉不太好,一整天待在家里。
funny有趣的;warm温暖的;hot热的;good好的。根据“Alan doesn’t feel... and stays at home all day.”可知,此句表达Alan在家待了一整天因为感觉不太好。故选D。
26.句意:晚上,他的朋友们来到Alan家看他。
Jack’s Jack的;Tom’s Tom的;Alan’s Alan的;Mike’s Mike的。根据“Alan doesn’t feel good and stays at home all day.”可知,Alan感觉不太好,所以朋友们去他家看他。故选C。
27.句意:她不是黑色的,而是黄色的。
green绿色的;white白色的;black黑色的;pink粉色的。根据“I have a cute black dog at my home”可知,Alan告诉其他人他的狗是黑色的。故选C。
28.句意:但她确实喜欢吃香蕉。
finding发现;watching观看;cleaning打扫;eating吃。根据“But she does like...bananas.”可知,此句表达她确实喜欢吃香蕉。故选D。
29.句意:然后他把真相告诉了他的好朋友,并向他们道歉。
Sorry对不起;Goodbye再见;You’re welcome不用谢;Thanks谢谢。根据“Then he tells the truth to his good friends and says...to them”可知,他现在要告诉他的好朋友真相并为他的撒谎而道歉。故选A。
30.句意:然后这四个男孩在院子里和狗开心地玩起来。
one一个;two两个;three三个;four四个。根据“His friends, Jack, Tom, and Mike”可知,三个朋友加上Alan,一共是四个人。故选D。
三、阅读理解
(一)
My name is Joey Green. I’m a middle school student. In my school, there are some activities this month. I’m not a book lover, so I don’t like Book Sale. I think it’s boring. School Trip is fun and we always go to interesting places. What about Art Festival? Oh, I don’t think it’s fun. My favourite is Sports Fun. It’s great.
Day
Time
Activity
The 1st week (Wednesday)
8:30 a.m.—10:30 a.m.
Book Sale
The 2nd week (Friday)
2:00 p.m.—5:00 p.m.
School Trip
The 3rd week (Tuesday)
10:00 a.m.—11:30 a.m.
Art Festival
The 4th week (Thursday)
2:50 p.m.—4:30 p.m.
Sports Fun
31.Book Sale lasts for ________.
A.1 hour B.1.5 hours C.2 hours D.3 hours
32.Joey’s school has ________ in the second week of this month.
A.Book Sale B.School Trip C.Art Festival D.Sports Fun
33.Art Festival is held ________.
A.on Tuesday B.on Wednesday C.on Thursday D.on Friday
34.Sports Fun is ________.
A.from 8:30 a.m.to 10:30 a.m. B.from 10:00 a.m.to 11:30 a.m.
C.from 2:00 p.m.to 5:00 p.m. D.from 2:50 p.m.to 4:30 p.m.
35.What can we know from the passage (文章)?
A.Joey has some good books. B.Joey doesn’t like School Trip.
C.Joey likes doing sport. D.Joey likes Art Festival.
【答案】31.C 32.B 33.A 34.D 35.C
【导语】本文介绍了Joey Green对学校本月活动的喜好,其中他最喜欢的是体育活动。
31.细节理解题。根据“8:30 a.m.—10:30 a.m.”可知,图书售卖会持续2小时。故选C。
32.细节理解题。根据“The 2nd week (Friday)”和“School Trip”可知,这个月的第二周有学校旅行。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据“The 3rd week (Tuesday)”和“Art Festival”可知,艺术节在星期二举行。故选A。
34.细节理解题。根据“2:50 p.m.—4:30 p.m.”和“Sports Fun”可知,Sports Fun是从下午2点50分到4点半。故选D。
35.推理判断题。根据“My name is Joey Green.”和“My favourite is Sports Fun. It’s great.”可推知,Joey喜欢做运动。故选C。
(二)
My name is Carol Miller. I’m a student of Guangming Middle School. Here is some information about my school.
In front of my dormitory (宿舍) building, there is a small garden with some tables and chairs. I love taking a walk in the garden. After getting out of the garden, I can get to a small shop. It sells all kinds of school things. Most of the students and teachers in the school often shop there. I usually go there with my friends after school.
After walking past (经过) the small shop, I can see the dining hall. It is across from the sports field. The dining hall is big and clean. It is my favourite place because there are many kinds of food. I can have noodles, pizzas (披萨), chicken and other food there. My favourite food is jiaozi. It’s really delicious.
Leaving (离开) the dining hall, I can see the classroom building with 36 classrooms. It often takes me about 3 minutes to walk there. When I get into my classroom, my new school day starts.
I love my school very much. And I feel happy to learn in the beautiful school.
36.What can we see in the small garden?
A.Some flowers. B.Some grass. C.Some tables. D.Some animals.
37.Who does Carol often go to the shop with?
A.Her classmates. B.Her friends. C.Her teachers. D.Her parents.
38.What is Carol’s favourite food?
A.Pizzas. B.Noodles. C.Chicken. D.Jiaozi.
39.Which of the following is RIGHT?
A.There is a science building in Carol’s school.
B.The dining hall is behind the sports field.
C.Carol likes the classroom building best.
D.There are 36 classrooms in the classroom building.
40.What does Carol mainly tell us?
A.Some buildings in her school. B.Her favourite places at school.
C.Some teachers in her school. D.Her friends at school.
【答案】36.C 37.B 38.D 39.D 40.A
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者学校的一些建筑。
36.细节理解题。根据“there is a small garden with some tables and chairs”可知,公园里面有一些桌子和椅子。故选C。
37.细节理解题。根据“I usually go there with my friends after school.”可知,Carol经常和朋友一起去商店。故选B。
38.细节理解题。根据“My favourite food is jiaozi. It’s really delicious.”可知,作者最喜欢的食物是饺子。故选D。
39.细节理解题。根据“I can see the classroom building with 36 classrooms.”可知,教学楼里面有36个教室。故选D。
40.主旨大意题。根据“Here is some information about my school.”及通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了作者学校的一些建筑。故选A。
四、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的 单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Lu Lu has 41 new schoolbag. It’s from his father. There are five different letters (不同的字母) on it and the letters (字母) are in five different 42 (color).
The first (第一个) letter (字母) 43 (be) “C”. It’s blue — the colour of the beautiful sky (天空)! His brother Lu Lei likes the colour. Oh, you can 44 (see) the letter in the word (单词) “cap”.
The letter “H” is orange. It’s a nice colour — the colour 45 the carrot. It’s his mum’s favourite colour.
Another letter is“I” 46 it is yellow. It’s the colour of the banana. His dad 47 (like) the colour.
The letter “N” is brown. It’s Lu Lu’s 48 /’feɪvərɪt/ colour. His room is brown and the bed is brown too.
What colour is the letter “A”? It’s red! You can see the letter “A” in the word “cap” too.
So how 49 (does) you spell the word on Lu Lu’s schoolbag? It’s C-H-I-N-A, China! 50 (his) likes the schoolbag very much.
【答案】
41.a 42.colors 43.is 44.see 45.of 46.and 47.likes 48.favourite/favorite 49.do 50.He
【导语】本文介绍了Lu Lu的新书包,并通过新书包上的字母介绍了其家人喜欢的颜色。
41.句意:Lu Lu有一个新书包。根据“new schoolbag”可知,此处指有一个新书包,“new”是辅音音素开头。故填a。
42.句意:上面有五个不同的字母,这些字母用五种不同的颜色书写。根据“five different”可知,此处指五种颜色,需要使用复数形式。故填colors。
43.句意:第一个字母是“C”。根据“The first letter”可知,此处主语是第三人称单数,本文时态用一般现在时。故填is。
44.句意:哦,你可以在单词“cap”中看到这个字母。根据“can”可知,情态动词后加动词原形。故填see。
45.句意:这是一种漂亮的颜色 —— 胡萝卜的颜色。根据“the colour…the carrot”可知,此处指胡萝卜的颜色,无生命名词的所有格形式用of。故填of。
46.句意:另一个字母是“I”,并且它是黄色的。根据“it is yellow”可知,此处描述这个字母的颜色,和上一句是并列关系。故填and。
47.句意:他爸爸喜欢这个颜色。根据“His dad”可知,此处主语是第三人称单数,动词用单三。故填likes。
48.句意:这是Lu Lu最喜欢的颜色。根据音标可知,此处是favourite或favorite“最喜欢的”,作定语。故填favourite/favorite。
49.句意:那么,你如何拼写Lu Lu书包上的单词呢?根据“you”可知,此处主语是第二人称,助动词用原形。故填do。
50.句意:他非常喜欢这个书包。根据“…likes the schoolbag very much.”可知,此处作句子主语,应该用人称代词主格。故填He。
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