1.专题一 名词(课件PPT)-【学海风暴·PK中考】2025江西中考英语备考讲练本

专题一名词 授课人：XXXX 一、词类 英语·江西中考 YUHENG YUHENG 软件使用 如果由于缺少软件或软件未更新不能正常播放，可自行下载安装最新的软件，文件夹提供了部分安装包 字体显示 如果有的字体不能显示，请先把字体包中的字体直接复制粘贴至C:\WINDOWS\Fonts即可 便捷操作 目录、返回目录等都有超链接，点击即可跳转至相应页面 视频播放 若因软件问题视频无法打开，请在相应的视频文件夹打开原视频 YUHENG 目录 考点1 考点2 考点3 YUHENG [10年67题，近10年连续考查　单项填空，完形填空A)、B)] 考点1　名词词义辨析 考查方向 常考题型 考情 考查角度及特点 名词词义辨析 单项填空、 完形填空A) 10年46题，近10年连续考查 分析江西近10年中考真题可知，名词词义辨析涉及同类词词义辨析和不同类词词义辨析 点击返回目录页 YUHENG ◆名词的分类 名词是用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念等的一类词。名词按其意义可分为普通名词和专有名词；按其形式可以分为简单名词和复合名词。 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 1. 普通名词 类别 含义 用法 示例 个体名词 表示单个人或事物的名词 有可数名词和不可数名词之分，且可数名词都有单复数形式 table桌子　teacher老师 集体名词 表示一个群体或一类事物的名词 team团队　police警察 物质名词 表示无法分成个体的物质或材料的名词 water水 　wood木头 fire火　 　juice果汁 抽象名词 表示某种品质、情感、状态、动作等抽象概念的名词 success成功　dream梦想 health健康 　happiness幸福 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 2. 专有名词 类别 示例 表示人名、尊称或头衔等 Wang Yaping王亚平　　 Dr.Smith史密斯博士/医生 表示国名、地名、山河名等 China中国Beijing北京 Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布 表示团体、机构、协会等 World Trade Organization世界贸易组织 World Health Organization世界卫生组织 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 类别 示例 表示星期、月份和节日等 Monday星期一February二月 Mid-Autumn Festival中秋节 表示书籍、报刊、电视剧等 Journey to the West 《西游记》 China Daily 《中国日报》Friends 《老友记》 由普通名词构成的专有名词 the Great Wall长城 Tian’anmen Square天安门广场 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 3. 简单名词和复合名词 简单名词指单个名词，而复合名词则由一个名词加一个或者一个以上的名词或其他词性的词组成。 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 1. (2024江西，21)I like acting and I’m in the __________ group at school.  A.theater B.chess C.speech D.ping-pong A 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 2. (2023江西，21)—Kevin，could you pass me some _________? It’s so hot today.I’m really thirsty.  —OK.Here you are. A.rice B.bread C.water D.chicken 3. (2022江西，21)Which ice-cream do you want，Mary?You can’t have all of them.You have to make a __________.  A.wish B.survey C.choice D.call C C 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 4. (2021江西，21)Your leg looks really bad!I think you should send for a __________ about that.  A.pilot B.doctor C.singer D.postman 5. (2020江西，32)When you go rock climbing，you need to be careful so that you don’t have a(n) __________.  A.chance B.accident C.secret D.action B B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 6. (2019江西，31)My daughter helps me cook but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the __________.  A.bedroom B.classroom C.lab D.kitchen 7. (2018江西，32)I live near a big __________.It gets very noisy on match days.  A.hospital B.store C.bank D.playground D D 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 8. (2017江西，30) —Do you have any __________ for tonight yet?  —Not yet.What about having a picnic on the beach? A.problems B.news C.plans D.rules 9. (2016江西，28)Some old people need a __________ because they feel lonely.  A.gift B.stick C.pet D.watch C C 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 10.(2015江西，29)There are lots of __________ that students have to follow in school.  A.exercises B.problems C.skills D.rules 11. (2024武汉)—Have you set a _________ on your new phone?  —Certainly.I have to protect my personal information. A.date B.lock C.wallpaper D.language D B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 12. (2024扬州) —Do you know why zebrafish are taken to Shenzhou-18? —They have________ like small size and short development cycle.  A.stages B.advantages C.messages D.passages B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 13. (2024白银)Linda is afraid of the dark.She even leaves the __________ on while sleeping.  A.screen B.radio C.fan D.light 14. (2024赣州寻乌一模)—Mum，what is the loudspeaker saying? —It is to the __________.The flight to Nanchang is boarding now.  A.customers B.passengers C.members D.tourists D B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 15. (2024景德镇三模)The __________ on her face showed her satisfaction of the results in the monthly exam.  A.exhibition B.expression C.experience D.experiment 16. The _________ of the great footballer Bailey(贝利) in Brazil has influenced millions of football fans around the world.  A.challenge B.spirit C.wealth D.illness B B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 17. The woman astronaut Wang Yaping got the __________ to go into outer space through hard training.  A.choice B.chance C.ability D.trouble 18. I have a good __________ for faces，so I’m sure I haven’t seen the girl before.  A.decision B.feeling C.memory D.relation B C 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 19. The ________ rang and Pat answered it.It was his son calling from New York.  A.telephone B.doorbell C.clock D.bike A 点击返回目录页 YUHENG Do you know how to make a parachute(降落伞) by yourself? Have you tried to make the parachute stay in the 1. __________ longer?  Recently，our 2. __________ held a parachute-making competition.  C B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG We have learned the steps of making a parachute，but the most difficult part was to work with others as a team because different 3. __________ had different ideas.After 4. __________ and research，we agreed that the larger bag we cut，the better it would be.We even learned the control variable method(控制变量法).  A B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG Our team stood out from our class to compete against the other 12 teams in the final.Luckily，we won!The teacher also asked us to share our 5. __________ with other classmates.  From this 6. __________，I have learned how to work in a team and realized that if you want to have a better understanding of what you will learn，you must do it with your own hands.  A D 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 1. A.river B.house C.air D.mountain 2. A.city B.school C.community D.government 3. A.students B.friends C.teachers D.doctors 4. A.review B.discussion C.information D.education 5. A.experience B.situation C.happiness D.decision 6. A.lesson B.dream C.example D.competition √ √ √ √ √ √ 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 考点2　名词所有格(10年0题) 类别 用法 示例 ’s所有格 常用于有 生命的 名词 一般单数名词在词尾加’s Tom’s book汤姆的书 my brother’s bike我哥的自行车 以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’ Teachers’ Day教师节 girls’ 100-meter race女子100米赛跑 不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加’s Women’s Day妇女节 Children’s Day儿童节 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 类别 用法 示例 ’s所有格 常用于有生命的名词 如果某物为两者共同所有时，只需在后一个名词后加’s；如果某物为两者各自所有时，则在两个名词后都加’s John and Peter’s room约翰和彼得的房间(共同所有) John’s and Peter’s rooms约翰(的房间)和彼得的房间(各自所有) “名词+’s”可以表示“某人的 家”、“诊所”、“店铺”等处所 at Mr.Smith’s在史密斯先生家 at the doctor’s在医务室 有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等无生命的名词，也可以在词尾加’s构成所有格 five minutes’ walk 步行5分钟的路程 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 类别 用法 示例 of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 the windows of the house房子的窗户 the color of the sky天空的颜色 双重所 有格 of+’s所有格 a friend of my father’s我父亲的一个朋友 of+名词性物主代词 a classmate of mine我的一个同班同学 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 1. I spent one __________ (night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in the competition.  2. These UNICEF __________ (officer) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.  3. Have you read the report?Those __________ (hero) stories really touched me deeply.  night’s officers’ heroes’ 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 4. —John，where are you?Let’s go to the library. —Sorry.I can’t go with you.I am at the __________ (doctor).  5. —How far is it from your home to the school? —It’s about five __________ (minute) walk.  6. Mr.Smith is an old friend of my __________ (father).  7. In 1920，the __________ (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.  doctor’s minutes’ father’s world’s 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 8. —A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he? —He is __________ brother.  A.Lucy’s and Lily’s B.Lucy and Lily’s C.Lucy’s and Lily D.Lucy and Lily B 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 考点3　名词的数 考查方向 常考题型 考情 考查角度及特点 名词的数 完形填 空B) 10年21题，近10年连续考查 分析江西近10年中考真题可知，名词的数主要涉及不可数名词、可数名词单数及可数名词单数变复数 点击返回目录页 YUHENG ◆可数名词 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。单数可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用。可数名词在表示≥2的概念时需要用复数形式。 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 1. 可数名词复数的规则变化 构成方式 示例 一般在词尾加-s desk→desks mile→miles 以s，x，sh，ch结尾的词加-es brush→brushes watch→watches 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，把y变为i，再加-es factory→factories family→families 以f或fe结尾的词，一般把f或fe改为v，再加-es wolf→wolves wife→wives 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 构成方式 示例 以o结尾的可数名词 有生命的加-es potato→potatoes hero→heroes 无生命的加-s piano→pianos photo→photos 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化 构成方式 示例 特殊名词变内部元音 tooth→teeth man→men 词尾加-ren child→children 单复数同形 fish→fish deer→deer sheep→sheep 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 构成方式 示例 表示“某国 人”的名词，其单复数变化有三种 情况 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese 变词尾的man为men Englishman→Englishmen Frenchwoman→ Frenchwomen 词尾加-s German→Germans Indian→Indians 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 构成方式 示例 复合名词 将主体名词变为复数 boy students男学生 将两部分都变为复数 women singers女歌手 men teachers男教师 sport修饰名词时，无论主体词是单数还是复数，sport通常用复数形式 sports club体育俱乐部 sports shoes运动鞋 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 集体名词的数 1. 集体名词是由若干个个体组成的集合体，如family，class，team等，它们以单数形式出现，但实为复数。若它们强调某个集合的整体则应视为单数。 My family are watching TV.我的家人正在看电视。 My family is a happy one.我的家是一个幸福的家庭。 2. 有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如people，police等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词，如person，policeman等。 点击返回目录页 YUHENG ◆不可数名词 1. 不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 The milk is too hot to drink.这牛奶太烫了，无法喝。 2. 不可数名词前不能用不定冠词(a/an)或数词(one，two…)修饰。 3. 要表示不可数名词的数量需借助“a+单位词(可数名词)+of+不可数名词”短语。 数量大于1时把a变为数词，单位词变复数形式。 a cup of water一杯水　two bottles of milk两瓶牛奶 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 4. 能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有：much，little，a little，a bit of，some，any，a lot of/lots of，plenty of等，用来表示大概的数量。 a lot of work大量的工作　much water很多水　a little milk一点牛奶 5. 有些名词既是可数名词，也是不可数名词，但意义不同。 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 词汇 可数 不可数   词汇 可数 不可数 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃   orange 橙子 橙汁 room 房间 空间   fish 鱼 鱼肉 time 次数； 倍数 时间   paper 报纸； 试卷 纸； 纸张 chicken 鸡 鸡肉   work 作品 工作 experi-ence 经历 经验   exercise 习题 锻炼 点击返回目录页 YUHENG activity　wish　strawberry　hero　box　German　hobby　tomato　interest　tooth　relative 1. On my 15th birthday，my friends sent me some birthday __________ and great presents.  2. Mike prefers to take part in some outdoor __________ on weekends.  wishes activities 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 3. __________ prefer playing football to playing basketball.  4. _____________ are one of my favorite fruits，because they are healthy and sweet.  5. Firefighters are true __________ in our cities.They risk their own lives to help people in danger.  6. It’s a tradition for us Chinese to visit our __________ and friends often.  Germans Strawberries heroes relatives 点击返回目录页 YUHENG 7. If you want to keep your __________ healthy，you’d better not eat anything sweet at night.  8. I would like to buy some _________ to make a big bowl of soup this afternoon.  9. Many restaurants offer customers recyclable __________ when they pack up the leftover food.  10.Playing tennis is one of Betty’s __________ in her free time.  11. Students will make great progress if they show __________ in a subject.  teeth tomatoes boxes hobbie interest 点击返回目录页 YUHENG $$