4.【核心语法之定语从句】2024-2025学年期末重点语法复习高一人教版必修第二册（适用于全国）

4.【核心语法之定语从句】2025年期末重点语法复习 高一英语 人教版必修第二册 （适用于全国）测试版 · 核心考点聚焦 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中起着连接主句和从句的作用，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分。以下是常见关系代词的详细用法： 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 （1） 关系代词 that 和 which 的用法区别 · 只用 that 的情况 (1) 当先行词是 all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时。例如： 0. All that glitters is not gold.（所有闪光的并非都是金子。）在此句中，先行词 all 为不定代词，关系代词只能用 that，在从句中作主语。 0. I have nothing that I can give you.（我没有什么可以给你的。）先行词 nothing 是不定代词，that 在从句中作宾语。 (2) 先行词被 the only，the very，the same，all 等修饰时。例如： · This is the very book that I am looking for.（这正是我在找的那本书。）先行词 book 被 the very 修饰，关系代词用 that，在从句中作宾语。 · He is the only person that I trust.（他是我唯一信任的人。）先行词 person 被 the only 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 (3) 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。例如： 0. This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最有趣的电影。）先行词 movie 被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 0. The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.（我们应该做的第一件事是制定一个计划。）先行词 thing 是序数词 the first 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 (4) 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： 0. They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited.（他们谈论了他们参观过的老师和学校。）先行词既有人 teachers 又有物 schools，关系代词用 that，在从句中作宾语。 · 只用 which 的情况 (1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： 0. The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书，我昨天买的，非常有趣。）此句为非限制性定语从句，which 不能用 that 替换，which 在从句中作宾语。 (2) 关系代词指物，且前有介词时。例如： 0. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.（这是我两年前住过的房子。）关系代词 which 指代物 house，且前面有介词 in，不能用 that。 2. 关系代词 as 和 which 的区别 (1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as 常译为 “正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为 see，know，expect，say，mention，report 等。例如： · As we all know, he is a good student.（正如我们都知道的，他是个好学生。）as 位于句首，引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 · He is, as you know, a famous singer.（如你所知，他是一位著名的歌手。）as 位于主句中间，引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 · He is a good student, as we all know.（他是个好学生，正如我们都知道的。）as 位于主句后，引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 (2) which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为 “这一点，这件事” 等，which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。例如： 1. He was late for school again, which made his teacher very angry.（他上学又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。）which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子 “He was late for school again”，在从句中作主语，从句与主句有因果关系。 （二） 例句解析 1. This factory that/which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. 0. 解析：此句中先行词为 factory，指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句修饰 factory。整个句子的意思是 “这家生产纸的工厂昨天关闭了，因为它造成了太多污染”。 2. The little problems (that/which) we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 0. 解析：先行词是 problems，指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作宾语，可省略。句子意为 “我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源”。 3. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 0. 解析：先行词 book 被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，所以关系代词只能用 that，在从句中作宾语。句子意思是 “这是我读过的最有趣的书”。 4. Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 0. 解析：先行词为 girl，指人，关系代词 who 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句修饰 girl。整句话为 “你认识在黑板前面正在和学生们讲话的那个女孩吗？” 5. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 0. 解析：先行词是 couple，关系代词 whose 在从句中作定语，修饰 children，表示 “这对夫妇的孩子”。句子意思是 “我住在一对夫妇隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音”。 · 试题演练 (用适当的词填空) 1．Festivals are occasions allow us to forget about our work for a little while. 2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. 3．This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year. 4．For young people have little life experience, that can be a challenge. 5．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. 6．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. 7．The four countries belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 8．Please underline the words meaning you don't know. 9．The scholarship will be awarded to the student research proposal the university considers most innovative. 10．CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. 11．I have the same magazine you bought just now. 12．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. 考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词在定语从句中同样起着连接主句和从句的作用，并在从句中作状语。具体如下： 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词 (situation，point，activity，case，stage 等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 1. 例句解析 · We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 1. 解析：先行词为 next week，是时间名词，关系副词 when 在从句中作时间状语，引导定语从句修饰 next week。整句话意思是 “我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好”。 · Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 2. 解析：先行词为 community activities，此处可看作抽象的地点，关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语，引导定语从句修饰 community activities。句子意为 “学生们应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长经验”。 · Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 3. 解析：先行词为 the reason，关系副词 why 在从句中作原因状语，引导定语从句修饰 the reason。句子意思是 “你知道他昨天为什么没参加会议吗？” 2. 试题演练 (用适当的词填空) There is usually a break between the second class and third class ________ students can go out to relax themselves.The movie brings me the hours ________ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere ________ people can relax and connect with others. In a word, we have now reached a point ________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature. And the main reason ________ they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute. 考点三、非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 引导。例如： 3. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）此句中 who 引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 Li Ping 进行补充说明，若去掉该从句，主句 “Yesterday I met Li Ping” 意思依然完整。 3. Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。) 句中 whose 引导非限制性定语从句，说明先行词 Dr. Rowan 的秘书的情况，去掉从句，主句 “Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing” 意思明确。 2. which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。例如： 3. A five - year - old boy can speak two foreign languages，which 考点三、非限制性定语从句 · which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子 3. 例如： A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 解析：which 指代前文 “一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语” 这一整件事，在从句中作主语，译为 “这一点”。从句与主句为因果关系（因为男孩会说外语，所以让在场的人惊讶）。 China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people want to learn about China. 解析：which 指代主句 “《今日中国》吸引了全球读者”，在从句中作主语，译为 “这表明”，体现主句与从句的逻辑关联。 · “代词 / 数词 / 形容词最高级 + of + which/whom” 结构 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，可用 all, some, most, none, both 等代词，或数词、形容词最高级 + of + which/whom（指物用 which，指人用 whom）来限定先行词，表示部分与整体的关系。 3. 例如： He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 解析：先行词是 parents（指人），both of whom 表示 “父母中的两人”，whom 在从句中作 of 的宾语。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why humans cry, none of which has been proved. 解析：先行词是 theories（指物），none of which 表示 “这些理论中没有一个”，which 在从句中作 of 的宾语。 · 试题演练 1. After graduating from college, she took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. 2. The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, ________ exhibits attracted many visitors. 3. ________ is reported, the activity is very successful. 4. January 15 is around the corner, ________ we will begin our happy winter holiday. 5. My brother works in Cafe Lavazza,________ top-quality Western food is served. 考点四、“介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句 基本结构与用法 3. “介词＋关系代词” 引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），且不能省略。介词的选择取决于： 7. 先行词与介词的固定搭配（如：the day on which = when）； 7. 从句中动词与介词的搭配（如：depend on which）； 7. 句子的逻辑关系（如：表所属用 of which/whom）。 3. 例如： Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 解析：先行词是 skill，从句中 depend 与 on 搭配，故用 upon which（=on which），which 指代 skill。汉译：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 解析：by which 表示 “截止到这一天”，与先行词 day 构成时间上的搭配，相当于 “by that day”。汉译：9 月 30 日是你必须缴清账单的最后期限。 “名词 / 代词 / 数词 + of + which/whom” 结构 3. 表示部分与整体的关系，of 前可加 all, some, most, none, both, neither, any 等代词，或基数词、序数词、形容词最高级等。 3. 例如： Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions. 解析：most of whom 表示 “年轻人中的大多数”，whom 指代先行词 young people（指人）。汉译：许多年轻人前往偏远地区，他们中大部分人受过良好教育。 The newly-built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is a peaceful place. 解析：the walls of which = whose walls，of which 表示所属关系，which 指代 café（指物）。汉译：这家新建的咖啡馆，墙壁被刷成浅绿色，是个宁静的地方。 whose 与 “the + 名词 + of which/whom” 的转换 3. 修饰物时，whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which；修饰人时，whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom。 3. 例如： The house whose roof is red = The house the roof of which is red. The teacher whose son is a doctor = The teacher the son of whom is a doctor. · 试题演练 用适当的词填空 1． They consider summer vacations as a time / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 2． After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with she explored the city. 3．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. 4．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. 5．Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of has been proved. 6．I shared the news with my mom, from expression I knew she was shocked. 难点强化 难点 1：关系代词与关系副词的选择 关键判断步骤： 1. 看先行词：确定先行词是指人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 2. 看从句成分：分析关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 3. 作主语 / 宾语 / 定语→用关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）； 3. 作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语→用关系副词（when/where/why）。 3. 特殊情况： 3. 先行词是抽象地点（如：point, situation, case, stage 等），且从句缺状语→用 where。 3. 先行词是 the reason，且从句缺原因状语→用 why 或 for which；若从句缺宾语→用 that/which。 例句对比： · This is the reason why he was late.（从句缺原因状语，用 why） · This is the reason that/which he explained.（从句缺宾语，用 that/which） 难点 2：as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 区别点 as which 位置 可置于主句前、中、后 只能置于主句后 含义 “正如，正像”（表类比、一致） “这一点，这件事”（表结果、评价） 常见搭配 as we know, as is said, as is reported 无固定搭配 例句 As is known to all, the earth is round. （正如大家所知……） He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. （他考试不及格，这让父母生气。） 难点 3：“介词＋关系代词” 中介词的选择 方法总结： 1. 根据先行词的固定搭配： 2. 先行词是 time→介词用 at, in, during 等（如：at the time when/at which）； 2. 先行词是 reason→介词用 for（如：the reason for which/why）。 2. 根据从句中动词的固定搭配： 2. 从句动词是 look for→介词用 for（如：the book for which he is looking）； 2. 从句动词是 depend on→介词用 on（如：the person on whom he depends）。 3. 根据句子逻辑关系： 2. 表所属关系→用 of（如：the house the windows of which are broken）； 2. 表方式→用 by, in 等（如：the way in which he solved the problem）。 难点突破：解题指导三大判断维度： 0. 先行词类型：人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 抽象名词。 0. 从句成分：缺主语 / 宾语→关系代词；缺状语→关系副词。 0. 特殊限制：the only, 最高级，不定代词等只能用 that；非限制性从句不用 that。 1. 高频考点突破： 0. 非限制性定语从句：which 指代整个主句，as 表 “正如”（如 as we know）。 0. 介词 + 关系代词：介词根据先行词搭配（如 the day on which）或动词搭配（如 depend on which）选择。 0. whose 用法：表所属关系，可转换为 “the + 名词 + of which/whom”。 2. 解题步骤： ① 划主句与从句边界；② 确定先行词；③ 分析从句缺什么成分；④ 结合特殊规则选择关系词。 复习提升 1、 语法填空（真题感知 + 提升专练） 用适当的词填空 · 关系代词的选择 1．This is the very dictionary is of great help. 2．These are all the pictures I have seen. 3．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to listen to some music and have a relaxation. 4．Maggie and Jackson, house we are making the party, are a very charming couple. 5．Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, are the best gift that nature has granted us. 6．Please come back at four o’clock, your medicine will be ready. 7．The reason he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 8．Do you still remember the days we traveled together? 9．The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 10．It was the time Chinese people had a hard life. · 非限制性定语从句 11．Tom came back,   made us very happy. 12．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record mentioned tofu in the West. 13．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place is the center of the town. 14．The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was sent to the hospital. 15．The teacher and the books he recommended were excellent. · “介词 + 关系代词” 结构 16．Could you tell me the reason he gave you yesterday? 17．John McCarthy coined the term AI and his idea was well in advance of the age in he lived. 18．Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, Heitler was in power. 19．We won’t believe the reasons they told us unless they give other evidence. 20．I don’t want to listen to any reason you were absent from the meeting. · 复杂结构与综合训练 21．In our class there are 46 students, whom half wear glasses. 22．I’m looking forward to the day my daughter can read the book that I write for her. 23．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. 24．Learning strategies, to teachers attach significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students. 25．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 26．At the time Mr Yang entered the space programme, astronauts had to be shorter than 170cm in height and less than 65kg in weight. 27．Festivals are occasions allow us to relax and enjoy life. 28．There are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. 29．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of do not speak English fluently. 30．We’ve planned to hold an English speech competition, the theme of is Man and Nature. 31．I remember the year we spent our summer vacation at the beach. 32．The boy I think to be honest cheated me. 33．The boy I think was honest cheated me. 34．He wrote a letter explained what had happened in the accident. 35．I’m surprised at all he said at the meeting. 36．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 37．The house window faces south is for the doctor. 38．This is the shop we sells children's clothing. 39．But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 40．Have you heard about a new song Lonely Warrior many teenagers are talking about these days. 三、语篇填空（高考题型模拟） 第一篇 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known for its remarkable karst formations, the Stone Forest has splendid, strange and unique natural scenery. With its touching legend (传说) of Ashima and unique minority culture, it is no doubt 1 must-see for Kunming tourists. 2 the legend goes, Ashima, a beautiful girl of the Sani people was caught by an ill landlord’s son and forced into marriage. Her lover, Ahei, made every effort 3 (save) her. But on the way home, Ashima was swept away by a flood and turned into 4 is known as the Ashima Rock. You can find this rock in the Lesser Stone Forest. She is seen as a 5 (protect) of the Sani people. The Stone Forest is not man-made, but a fantastic natural phenomenon. Geologists theorize that the various limestone shapes were formed due 6 270 million years. In prehistoric times, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was a vast ocean. With a hot climate and 7 (plenty) rainfall, animals, and plants there grew and decayed (腐烂) rapidly. On the seabed formed a thick layer of fossil sediment (化石沉积物). About 252 million years ago, the seabed was lifted. After millions and millions of years of weathering, the rock was separated, 8 (form) strange stone wonders. During the formation of the stone forest, its elegance (高雅) 9 (preserve) from falling. Rain has 10 (continual) washed away any soil, and therefore the stone forest shows its simple face as a world wonder. 1. 第二篇 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, honored as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2009, is no longer limited to paper and ink. 1 AI and virtual reality, this 3,000-year-old art form is now reaching global audiences in groundbreaking ways. In 2024, the “Digital Dunhuang” project introduced an AI system that can analyze ancient scripts from the Tang Dynasty 2 generate new works in classical styles. Once 3 (fade) due to time, historical documents are being 4 (digit) restored, allowing researchers to study brushstrokes more clearly than before. The integration goes beyond 5 (preserve). VR installations at the Louvre in Paris let visitors “write” calligraphy mid-air using motion sensors, which 6 (spark) huge interest in Chinese culture to date among European youth. Meanwhile, Chinese tech companies have developed AR apps that project famous poems onto modern cityscapes since 2022. Traditional masters also embrace innovation. Wang Wei, 7 works combine AI-generated patterns with hand-painted characters, recently collaborated with MIT 8 (create) calligraphy-inspired coding fonts (字体). “Technology isn’t replacing tradition,” he says, “it’s giving the oldest art 9 new language to speak to the world.” From bamboo slips to block chain, China’s calligraphy revolution proves that 10 (respect) cultural roots while exploring futuristic tools can build bridges across civilizations. 备考策略 1. 牢记关系词的基本用法：制作表格对比关系代词和关系副词的先行词及成分，强化记忆。 2. 攻克特殊规则：整理 “只用 that/which 的情况”“as 与 which 的区别” 等易混点，通过例句加深理解。 3. 强化 “介词＋关系代词” 训练：结合动词搭配和先行词固定用法，多做针对性练习。 4. 结合高考真题：分析近五年真题中的定语从句考点，总结命题规律（如非限制性从句、抽象地点先行词等）。 5. 注意汉译英逻辑：翻译时先确定先行词和从句成分，再选择合适的关系词，避免中文思维干扰。 通过系统梳理核心考点、突破难点、强化真题训练，相信同学们能在定语从句的学习中实现全面提升，为高一期末考和未来高考奠定坚实基础 · 考点思维导图汇总 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 4.【核心语法之定语从句】2025年期末重点语法复习 高一英语 人教版必修第二册 （适用于全国）答案版 · 核心考点聚焦 考点一、关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中起着连接主句和从句的作用，同时在从句中充当一定的句子成分。以下是常见关系代词的详细用法： 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 （1） 关系代词 that 和 which 的用法区别 · 只用 that 的情况 (1) 当先行词是 all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing 等不定代词时。例如： 0. All that glitters is not gold.（所有闪光的并非都是金子。）在此句中，先行词 all 为不定代词，关系代词只能用 that，在从句中作主语。 0. I have nothing that I can give you.（我没有什么可以给你的。）先行词 nothing 是不定代词，that 在从句中作宾语。 (2) 先行词被 the only，the very，the same，all 等修饰时。例如： · This is the very book that I am looking for.（这正是我在找的那本书。）先行词 book 被 the very 修饰，关系代词用 that，在从句中作宾语。 · He is the only person that I trust.（他是我唯一信任的人。）先行词 person 被 the only 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 (3) 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。例如： 0. This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（这是我看过的最有趣的电影。）先行词 movie 被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 0. The first thing that we should do is to make a plan.（我们应该做的第一件事是制定一个计划。）先行词 thing 是序数词 the first 修饰，that 在从句中作宾语。 (4) 先行词既有人又有物时。例如： 0. They talked about the teachers and schools that they visited.（他们谈论了他们参观过的老师和学校。）先行词既有人 teachers 又有物 schools，关系代词用 that，在从句中作宾语。 · 只用 which 的情况 (1) 引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： 0. The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.（这本书，我昨天买的，非常有趣。）此句为非限制性定语从句，which 不能用 that 替换，which 在从句中作宾语。 (2) 关系代词指物，且前有介词时。例如： 0. This is the house in which I lived two years ago.（这是我两年前住过的房子。）关系代词 which 指代物 house，且前面有介词 in，不能用 that。 2. 关系代词 as 和 which 的区别 (1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as 常译为 “正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为 see，know，expect，say，mention，report 等。例如： · As we all know, he is a good student.（正如我们都知道的，他是个好学生。）as 位于句首，引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 · He is, as you know, a famous singer.（如你所知，他是一位著名的歌手。）as 位于主句中间，引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 · He is a good student, as we all know.（他是个好学生，正如我们都知道的。）as 位于主句后，引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句内容，在从句中作 know 的宾语。 (2) which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为 “这一点，这件事” 等，which 引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。例如： 1. He was late for school again, which made his teacher very angry.（他上学又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。）which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子 “He was late for school again”，在从句中作主语，从句与主句有因果关系。 （二） 例句解析 1. This factory that/which produced paper was closed yesterday because it had caused too much pollution. 0. 解析：此句中先行词为 factory，指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句修饰 factory。整个句子的意思是 “这家生产纸的工厂昨天关闭了，因为它造成了太多污染”。 2. The little problems (that/which) we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 0. 解析：先行词是 problems，指物，关系代词 that/which 在从句中作宾语，可省略。句子意为 “我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源”。 3. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 0. 解析：先行词 book 被形容词最高级 the most interesting 修饰，所以关系代词只能用 that，在从句中作宾语。句子意思是 “这是我读过的最有趣的书”。 4. Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 0. 解析：先行词为 girl，指人，关系代词 who 在从句中作主语，引导定语从句修饰 girl。整句话为 “你认识在黑板前面正在和学生们讲话的那个女孩吗？” 5. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. 0. 解析：先行词是 couple，关系代词 whose 在从句中作定语，修饰 children，表示 “这对夫妇的孩子”。句子意思是 “我住在一对夫妇隔壁，他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音”。 · 试题演练 (用适当的词填空) 1．Festivals are occasions allow us to forget about our work for a little while. 2．The concert hall has the most wonderful atmosphere can make the audience fully immersed in the music. 3．This is the very museum we visited during our school trip last year. 4．For young people have little life experience, that can be a challenge. 5．You may not control all the events happen to you, but you can decide not to be reduced by them. 6．The reason he explained at the meeting was not reasonable at all. 7．The four countries belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. 8．Please underline the words meaning you don't know. 9．The scholarship will be awarded to the student research proposal the university considers most innovative. 10．CISAR brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. 11．I have the same magazine you bought just now. 12．I have never performed such a task you’ve asked me to do. 1. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：节日是能让我们暂时忘却工作的时刻。空处引导定语从句，先行词 occasions，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词 that/which 引导。故填 that/which。汉译：节日是一些场合，这些场合允许我们暂时忘掉工作一会儿。 2. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：音乐厅拥有最美妙的氛围，可以让观众完全沉浸在音乐中。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词 atmosphere 被最高级 the most wonderful 修饰，因此关系代词只能用 that，故填 that。汉译：音乐厅有着最精彩的氛围，这种氛围能使观众完全沉浸在音乐中。 3. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们去年学校旅行时参观的那个博物馆。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 museum，指物，关系词在定语从句中作动词 visited 的宾语，所以空处需用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句；当先行词被 the very 修饰时，关系代词只能用 that。故填 that。汉译：这正是我们去年学校旅行期间参观过的那个博物馆。 4. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：对于生活经验很少的年轻人来说，这可能是一个挑战。 先行词为 young people，指人，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语，关系代词为 who 或者 that。故填 who/that。汉译：对于那些几乎没有生活经验的年轻人来说，那可能是个挑战。 5. 【答案】that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：你可能无法控制发生在你身上的所有事情，但你可以决定不被它们击垮。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为 all the events，定语从句中缺少主语，故应用 that 引导，故填 that。汉译：你可能无法控制所有发生在你身上的事情，但是你可以决定不被它们打倒。 6. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他在会上解释的理由一点也不合理。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，“The reason” 是先行词，“he explained at the meeting” 是定语从句修饰先行词 “reason”。在这个定语从句中，“explained” 是及物动词，缺少宾语，而先行词 “reason” 指物，所以要用关系代词 “which” 或 “that” 来引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故填 that/which。汉译：他在会议上解释的那个理由一点都不合理。 7. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：属于联合王国的这四个国家在一些领域开展合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词 The four countries，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词 which 或 that 引导该从句。故填 which/that。汉译：属于英国的这四个国家在一些方面共同合作。 8. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词为 words，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 meaning，表示 “单词的意思”，所以用关系代词 whose 引导定语从句。汉译：请在你不知道意思的单词下面划线。 9. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：奖学金将颁发给被学校认为研究计划最具创新性的学生。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词 the student 在从句中作 research proposal 的定语成分，所以为关系代词 whose 引导。故填 whose。汉译：奖学金将会被授予给那个学生，学校认为其研究方案最具创新性。 10. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：CISAR 为那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来帮助和希望。空处引导定语从句，先行词是 those，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词 whose 引导，故填 whose。汉译：CISAR 给那些生活被自然灾害改变的人们带来帮助和希望。 11. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我有和你刚才买的一样的杂志。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是 magazine，指物，且被 the same 修饰，关系词代替先行词在从句中作 bought 的宾语，当先行词被 the same 修饰时，定语从句的引导词用 as 或 that 引导，且此处不是同一本杂志，用 as 引导。故填 as。汉译：我有一本和你刚才买的一样的杂志。 12. 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我从来没有完成过像你要求我做的这样的任务。空格引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词 task，关系词替代先行词在从句中作宾语，前面有 such 修饰 task，因此用关系代词 as。故填 as。汉译：我从未执行过像你要求我做的这样的任务。 考点二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词在定语从句中同样起着连接主句和从句的作用，并在从句中作状语。具体如下： 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词 (situation，point，activity，case，stage 等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 1. 例句解析 · We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. 1. 解析：先行词为 next week，是时间名词，关系副词 when 在从句中作时间状语，引导定语从句修饰 next week。整句话意思是 “我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能会更好”。 · Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 2. 解析：先行词为 community activities，此处可看作抽象的地点，关系副词 where 在从句中作地点状语，引导定语从句修饰 community activities。句子意为 “学生们应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长经验”。 · Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 3. 解析：先行词为 the reason，关系副词 why 在从句中作原因状语，引导定语从句修饰 the reason。句子意思是 “你知道他昨天为什么没参加会议吗？” 2. 试题演练 (用适当的词填空) 1. There is usually a break between the second class and third class ________ students can go out to relax themselves. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：通常在二年级和三年级之间会有短暂的休息时间，学生们可以出去放松一下自己。定语从句修饰先行词 break，在从句作时间状语，故用 when。故填 when。汉译：通常在第二节课和第三节课之间有一段休息时间，在这段时间学生们可以出去放松自己。 2. The movie brings me the hours ________ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park, enjoying carefree laughter. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这部电影让我回想起小时候和朋友们在社区公园玩耍的时光，那时我们无忧无虑地笑着。分析句子结构可知，“_____ I played with my childhood friends in the neighborhood park” 为定语从句，修饰先行词 “the hours”，先行词是一个表示时间的名词短语，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，所以应该用关系副词 “when” 来引导该定语从句。故填 when。汉译：这部电影带给我那些我和儿时伙伴在附近公园玩耍的时光，那时我们尽情欢笑。 3. Cafes often create a cozy atmosphere ________ people can relax and connect with others. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：咖啡馆常常营造一种舒适的氛围，人们可以在其中放松并与他人交流。此处需要填入一个关系词来引导定语从句修饰先行词 atmosphere，先行词为物，引导词在从句中作状语，应使用关系副词 where 来引导定语从句。故填 where。汉译：咖啡馆经常营造一种舒适的氛围，在这种氛围里人们可以放松并且与他人交流。 4. In a word, we have now reached a point ________ we wish to enjoy and understand literature. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：总之，我们现在已经到了一个我们希望享受和理解文学的阶段。“we wish to enjoy and understand literature” 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 a point，这里的 point 意为 “阶段、程度”，表示抽象的地点，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系副词 where 引导从句。故填 where。汉译：总之，我们现在已经到达了一个阶段，在这个阶段我们希望享受并理解文学。 5. And the main reason ________ they were so excited is that pandas are just so cute. 【答案】why 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫实在是太可爱了。本空引导定语从句，先行词是 the main reason，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词 why 引导该定语从句。故填 why。汉译：并且他们如此兴奋的主要原因是熊猫太可爱了。 考点三、非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用 that 引导。例如： 3. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。）此句中 who 引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词 Li Ping 进行补充说明，若去掉该从句，主句 “Yesterday I met Li Ping” 意思依然完整。 3. Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。) 句中 whose 引导非限制性定语从句，说明先行词 Dr. Rowan 的秘书的情况，去掉从句，主句 “Dr. Rowan has had to do all his own typing” 意思明确。 2. which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。例如： 3. A five - year - old boy can speak two foreign languages，which 考点三、非限制性定语从句 · which 引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子 3. 例如： A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present. 解析：which 指代前文 “一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语” 这一整件事，在从句中作主语，译为 “这一点”。从句与主句为因果关系（因为男孩会说外语，所以让在场的人惊讶）。 China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people want to learn about China. 解析：which 指代主句 “《今日中国》吸引了全球读者”，在从句中作主语，译为 “这表明”，体现主句与从句的逻辑关联。 · “代词 / 数词 / 形容词最高级 + of + which/whom” 结构 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，可用 all, some, most, none, both 等代词，或数词、形容词最高级 + of + which/whom（指物用 which，指人用 whom）来限定先行词，表示部分与整体的关系。 3. 例如： He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 解析：先行词是 parents（指人），both of whom 表示 “父母中的两人”，whom 在从句中作 of 的宾语。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why humans cry, none of which has been proved. 解析：先行词是 theories（指物），none of which 表示 “这些理论中没有一个”，which 在从句中作 of 的宾语。 · 试题演练 1. After graduating from college, she took some time off to go travelling, ________ turned out to be a wise decision. 2. The Van Gogh exhibition was held in Shanghai, ________ exhibits attracted many visitors. 3. ________ is reported, the activity is very successful. 4. January 15 is around the corner, ________ we will begin our happy winter holiday. 5. My brother works in Cafe Lavazza,________ top-quality Western food is served. 【答案+解析】 1. 【答案】which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导从句修饰前文 “她休假去旅行” 这一整件事，which 在从句中作主语，译为 “这（件事）”。主句与从句为顺承关系，表明 “旅行” 这一行为的结果是明智的。汉译：大学毕业后，她休假去旅行，结果证明这是个明智的决定。 2. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是 “The Van Gogh exhibition”（指物），关系词在从句中作定语修饰 exhibits，译为 “展览的”，故用 whose。汉译：梵高画展在上海举办，其展品吸引了许多游客。 3. 【答案】As 【解析】考查 as 引导的非限制性定语从句。as 意为 “正如”，指代后文 “活动成功” 这一内容，可置于句首，在从句中作主语。常见搭配为 “As is reported/said/known...”。汉译：正如报道所言，这次活动非常成功。 4. 【答案】when 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是 January 15（时间名词），关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用 when。汉译：1 月 15 日即将到来，届时我们将开始快乐的寒假。 5. 【答案】where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是 Cafe Lavazza（地点名词），关系词在从句中作地点状语，相当于 “in which”，译为 “在这家咖啡馆里”。汉译：我哥哥在拉瓦扎咖啡馆工作，那里供应高品质的西餐。 考点四、“介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句 基本结构与用法 3. “介词＋关系代词” 引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用 which（指物）或 whom（指人），且不能省略。介词的选择取决于： 7. 先行词与介词的固定搭配（如：the day on which = when）； 7. 从句中动词与介词的搭配（如：depend on which）； 7. 句子的逻辑关系（如：表所属用 of which/whom）。 3. 例如： Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 解析：先行词是 skill，从句中 depend 与 on 搭配，故用 upon which（=on which），which 指代 skill。汉译：一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill. 解析：by which 表示 “截止到这一天”，与先行词 day 构成时间上的搭配，相当于 “by that day”。汉译：9 月 30 日是你必须缴清账单的最后期限。 “名词 / 代词 / 数词 + of + which/whom” 结构 3. 表示部分与整体的关系，of 前可加 all, some, most, none, both, neither, any 等代词，或基数词、序数词、形容词最高级等。 3. 例如： Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions. 解析：most of whom 表示 “年轻人中的大多数”，whom 指代先行词 young people（指人）。汉译：许多年轻人前往偏远地区，他们中大部分人受过良好教育。 The newly-built café, the walls of which are painted light green, is a peaceful place. 解析：the walls of which = whose walls，of which 表示所属关系，which 指代 café（指物）。汉译：这家新建的咖啡馆，墙壁被刷成浅绿色，是个宁静的地方。 whose 与 “the + 名词 + of which/whom” 的转换 3. 修饰物时，whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which；修饰人时，whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of whom。 3. 例如： The house whose roof is red = The house the roof of which is red. The teacher whose son is a doctor = The teacher the son of whom is a doctor. · 试题演练 用适当的词填空 1． They consider summer vacations as a time / relaxing and having fun is a necessary part. 2． After two months in America, Tian Hua made some friends with she explored the city. 3．Last week, I read a book from I knew how a person could make contribution to protecting the cultural heritage of his country. 4．The old man, without help the lost child might still be wandering in the street, is a kind-hearted neighbor. 5．Scientists have come up with many theories about why humans cry, none of has been proved. 6．I shared the news with my mom, from expression I knew she was shocked. 【答案+解析】 1. 【答案】when /in/during which 【解析】考查 “介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 time（时间名词），关系词在从句中作时间状语，可用 when 或 “介词 + which” 结构。in/during which 相当于 “在暑假期间”，与 time 搭配。汉译：他们把暑假视为一个放松和娱乐必不可少的时期。 2. 【答案】whom 【解析】考查 “介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 friends（指人），从句中 explored the city 与 with 搭配，构成 “explore...with sb.”，故用 with whom，whom 作介词宾语。汉译：在美国待了两个月后，天华交了一些朋友，她和这些朋友一起探索了这座城市。 3. 【答案】which 【解析】考查 “介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 book（指物），从句中 knew from the book 表示 “从书中得知”，故用 from which，which 指代 book。汉译：上周我读了一本书，从中我了解到如何保护文化遗产。 4. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查 “介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 the old man（指人），关系词在从句中作定语修饰 help，表所属关系，故用 whose，相当于 “the old man’s help”。汉译：那位老人是个善良的邻居，没有他的帮助，走失的孩子可能还在街头流浪。 5. 【答案】which 【解析】考查 “代词 + of + 关系代词” 引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是 theories（指物），none of which 表示 “这些理论中没有一个”，which 作 of 的宾语。汉译：科学家提出了许多关于人类哭泣原因的理论，但无一被证实。 6. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查 “介词＋关系代词” 引导的定语从句。先行词是 my mom（指人），关系词在从句中作定语修饰 expression，表所属关系，故用 whose，相当于 “my mom’s expression”。汉译：我把消息告诉了妈妈，从她的表情我知道她很震惊。 难点强化 难点 1：关系代词与关系副词的选择 关键判断步骤： 1. 看先行词：确定先行词是指人、物、时间、地点还是原因。 2. 看从句成分：分析关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 3. 作主语 / 宾语 / 定语→用关系代词（who/whom/which/that/whose）； 3. 作时间 / 地点 / 原因状语→用关系副词（when/where/why）。 3. 特殊情况： 3. 先行词是抽象地点（如：point, situation, case, stage 等），且从句缺状语→用 where。 3. 先行词是 the reason，且从句缺原因状语→用 why 或 for which；若从句缺宾语→用 that/which。 例句对比： · This is the reason why he was late.（从句缺原因状语，用 why） · This is the reason that/which he explained.（从句缺宾语，用 that/which） 难点 2：as 与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 区别点 as which 位置 可置于主句前、中、后 只能置于主句后 含义 “正如，正像”（表类比、一致） “这一点，这件事”（表结果、评价） 常见搭配 as we know, as is said, as is reported 无固定搭配 例句 As is known to all, the earth is round. （正如大家所知……） He failed the exam, which made his parents angry. （他考试不及格，这让父母生气。） 难点 3：“介词＋关系代词” 中介词的选择 方法总结： 1. 根据先行词的固定搭配： 2. 先行词是 time→介词用 at, in, during 等（如：at the time when/at which）； 2. 先行词是 reason→介词用 for（如：the reason for which/why）。 2. 根据从句中动词的固定搭配： 2. 从句动词是 look for→介词用 for（如：the book for which he is looking）； 2. 从句动词是 depend on→介词用 on（如：the person on whom he depends）。 3. 根据句子逻辑关系： 2. 表所属关系→用 of（如：the house the windows of which are broken）； 2. 表方式→用 by, in 等（如：the way in which he solved the problem）。 难点突破：解题指导三大判断维度： 0. 先行词类型：人 / 物 / 时间 / 地点 / 原因 / 抽象名词。 0. 从句成分：缺主语 / 宾语→关系代词；缺状语→关系副词。 0. 特殊限制：the only, 最高级，不定代词等只能用 that；非限制性从句不用 that。 1. 高频考点突破： 0. 非限制性定语从句：which 指代整个主句，as 表 “正如”（如 as we know）。 0. 介词 + 关系代词：介词根据先行词搭配（如 the day on which）或动词搭配（如 depend on which）选择。 0. whose 用法：表所属关系，可转换为 “the + 名词 + of which/whom”。 2. 解题步骤： ① 划主句与从句边界；② 确定先行词；③ 分析从句缺什么成分；④ 结合特殊规则选择关系词。 复习提升 1、 语法填空（真题感知 + 提升专练） 用适当的词填空 · 关系代词的选择 1．This is the very dictionary is of great help. 2．These are all the pictures I have seen. 3．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to listen to some music and have a relaxation. 4．Maggie and Jackson, house we are making the party, are a very charming couple. 5．Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, are the best gift that nature has granted us. 6．Please come back at four o’clock, your medicine will be ready. 7．The reason he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 8．Do you still remember the days we traveled together? 9．The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 10．It was the time Chinese people had a hard life. · 非限制性定语从句 11．Tom came back,   made us very happy. 12．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record mentioned tofu in the West. 13．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place is the center of the town. 14．The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was sent to the hospital. 15．The teacher and the books he recommended were excellent. · “介词 + 关系代词” 结构 16．Could you tell me the reason he gave you yesterday? 17．John McCarthy coined the term AI and his idea was well in advance of the age in he lived. 18．Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, Heitler was in power. 19．We won’t believe the reasons they told us unless they give other evidence. 20．I don’t want to listen to any reason you were absent from the meeting. · 复杂结构与综合训练 21．In our class there are 46 students, whom half wear glasses. 22．I’m looking forward to the day my daughter can read the book that I write for her. 23．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. 24．Learning strategies, to teachers attach significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students. 25．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 26．At the time Mr Yang entered the space programme, astronauts had to be shorter than 170cm in height and less than 65kg in weight. 27．Festivals are occasions allow us to relax and enjoy life. 28．There are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. 29．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of do not speak English fluently. 30．We’ve planned to hold an English speech competition, the theme of is Man and Nature. 31．I remember the year we spent our summer vacation at the beach. 32．The boy I think to be honest cheated me. 33．The boy I think was honest cheated me. 34．He wrote a letter explained what had happened in the accident. 35．I’m surprised at all he said at the meeting. 36．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 37．The house window faces south is for the doctor. 38．This is the shop we sells children's clothing. 39．But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 40．Have you heard about a new song Lonely Warrior many teenagers are talking about these days. 【答案+解析+翻译】 · 关系代词的选择 1. 答案：that 解析：先行词 dictionary 被 the very 修饰，且从句缺主语，只能用 that 引导定语从句。 汉译：这正是那本非常有用的词典。 2. 答案：that 解析：先行词 pictures 被 all 修饰，且从句缺宾语，用 that 引导（可省略，但此处需填关系词）。 汉译：这些是我见过的所有图片。 3. 答案：when 解析：先行词 occasions 表 “时刻”，从句缺时间状语，用关系副词 when。 汉译：我有时间听音乐放松的时刻非常罕见。 4. 答案：whose 解析：先行词指人（Maggie and Jackson），关系词在从句中作定语修饰 house，表 “他们的”，用 whose。 汉译：我们正在其家中办派对的玛吉和杰克逊是一对非常迷人的夫妇。 5. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 plantations（指物），从句缺主语，用 which（不能用 that）。 汉译：几千年前，他们开辟了那些古老的茶园，这是大自然赐予我们的最好礼物。 6. 答案：when 解析：先行词 four o’clock 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用关系副词 when 引导非限制性定语从句。 汉译：请四点回来，那时你的药就准备好了。 7. 答案：why 解析：先行词 reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why（或 for which）引导定语从句。 汉译：他考试成功的原因是学习非常努力。 8. 答案：when 解析：先行词 days 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用关系副词 when。 汉译：你还记得我们一起旅行的那些日子吗？ 9. 答案：that 解析：先行词 anything 为不定代词，从句缺宾语，只能用 that 引导定语从句。 汉译：第二天，人们用能找到的任何东西在户外搭建庇护所。 10. 答案：when 解析：先行词 time 表 “时期”，从句缺时间状语，用关系副词 when。 汉译：那是中国人生活艰难的时期。 · 非限制性定语从句 11. 答案：which 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰前文 “汤姆回来” 这件事，which 指代整个主句，在从句中作主语。 汉译：汤姆回来了，这让我们非常高兴。 12. 答案：that 解析：先行词 documents 被最高级 earliest 修饰，且从句缺主语，只能用 that 引导定语从句。 汉译：这封信是有记录的最早提到西方豆腐的文件之一。 13. 答案：that 解析：先行词 place 指物，从句缺主语，用 that 引导定语从句（可用 which，但此处无特殊限制）。 汉译：我叔叔是一家靠近镇中心的餐馆的老板。 14. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 boy 指人，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 mother，表 “男孩的”，用 whose。 汉译：母亲在灾难中失踪的受伤男孩被送往医院。 15. 答案：that 解析：先行词既有人（teacher）又有物（books），只能用 that 引导定语从句。 汉译：他推荐的老师和书都很优秀。 · “介词 + 关系代词” 结构 16. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 reason 在从句中作 gave 的宾语（gave you the reason），用关系代词 that/which（可省略）。 汉译：你能告诉我他昨天给你的理由吗？ 17. 答案：which 解析：先行词 age 表 “时代”，从句中 live in the age，故用 in which（=when）引导定语从句。 汉译：约翰・麦卡锡创造了 “人工智能” 一词，他的思想远远超前于他所处的时代。 18. 答案：where 解析：先行词 Germany 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导非限制性定语从句（相当于 in which）。 汉译：后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离希特勒掌权的德国。 19. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 reasons 在从句中作 told 的宾语（told us reasons），用关系代词 that/which（可省略）。 汉译：除非他们提供其他证据，否则我们不会相信他们告诉我们的理由。 20. 答案：why 解析：先行词 reason 表原因，从句缺原因状语，用 why（或 for which）引导定语从句。 汉译：我不想听你缺席会议的任何理由。 · 复杂结构与综合训练 21. 答案：of 解析：“half of whom” 表示 “学生中的一半”，whom 指代先行词 students，介词 of 表部分与整体关系。 汉译：我们班有 46 名学生，其中一半戴眼镜。 22. 答案：when 解析：先行词 day 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导定语从句；第二个从句 that 指代 book，作 write 的宾语。 汉译：我期待着女儿能读我为她写的书的那一天。 23. 答案：where 解析：先行词 activities 表抽象地点（“在活动中”），从句缺地点状语，用 where（=in which）引导定语从句。 汉译：学生应该参与社区活动，在活动中他们可以获得成长经验。 24. 答案：which 解析：先行词 strategies 指物，从句中 attach significance to sth.（重视某物），故用 to which 引导定语从句。 汉译：教师重视的学习策略尚未引起学生足够的关注。 25. 答案：who 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 man（指人），从句缺主语，用 who 引导。 汉译：那位不愿认输的老人给我们留下了深刻印象。 26. 答案：when 解析：先行词 time 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when 引导定语从句（相当于 at which）。 汉译：在杨先生进入太空计划时，宇航员的身高必须低于 170 厘米，体重低于 65 公斤。 27. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 occasions 指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。 汉译：节日是让我们放松和享受生活的时刻。 28. 答案：where 解析：先行词 stores 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导非限制性定语从句（=in which）。 汉译：有一些中国茶叶店，游客可以在那里品尝和购买各种中国茶。 29. 答案：whom 解析：“many of whom” 表示 “居民中的许多人”，whom 指代先行词 residents（指人），介词 of 表部分关系。 汉译：唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，其中许多人英语说得不流利。 30. 答案：which 解析：先行词 competition 指物，“the theme of which” 表示 “比赛的主题”，相当于 whose theme。 汉译：我们计划举办一场英语演讲比赛，其主题是 “人与自然”。 · 易混点与难点突破 31. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 year 在从句中作 spent 的宾语（spent the year），用关系代词 that/which（可省略）。 汉译：我记得我们在海滩度过暑假的那一年。 32. 答案：who/whom（可省略） 解析：先行词 boy 在从句中作 think 的宾语（think the boy to be honest），关系代词可用 who/whom（可省略）。 汉译：我认为诚实的那个男孩骗了我。 33. 答案：who 解析：先行词 boy 在从句中作主语（I think 为插入语，从句主干为 who was honest），用 who 引导定语从句。 汉译：我认为诚实的那个男孩骗了我。 34. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 letter 指物，从句缺主语，用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。 汉译：他写了一封信，解释事故中发生了什么。 35. 答案：that 解析：先行词 all 为不定代词，从句缺宾语，只能用 that 引导定语从句（可省略，但此处需填关系词）。 汉译：我对他在会议上所说的一切感到惊讶。 36. 答案：when 解析：此句为定语从句（非强调句），先行词 October 1, 1949 表时间，从句缺时间状语，用 when。 汉译：中华人民共和国成立是在 1949 年 10 月 1 日吗？ 37. 答案：whose 解析：先行词 house 指物，关系词在从句中作定语修饰 window，表 “房子的”，用 whose（=the window of which）。 汉译：窗户朝南的那所房子是给医生的。 38. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 shop 指物，从句缺主语（shop sells...），用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句。 汉译：这是那家卖儿童服装的商店。 39. 答案：who 解析：非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Sarah（指人），从句缺主语，用 who 引导（不能用 that）。 汉译：但曾与顶级模特一起参加过演出的莎拉想证明，她不仅有美貌，还有智慧。 40. 答案：that/which 解析：先行词 song 指物，从句中 talk about 的宾语为 song，用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句（可省略）。 汉译：你听说过最近很多青少年都在谈论的新歌《孤勇者》吗？ 三、语篇填空（高考题型模拟） 第一篇 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Known for its remarkable karst formations, the Stone Forest has splendid, strange and unique natural scenery. With its touching legend (传说) of Ashima and unique minority culture, it is no doubt 1 must-see for Kunming tourists. 2 the legend goes, Ashima, a beautiful girl of the Sani people was caught by an ill landlord’s son and forced into marriage. Her lover, Ahei, made every effort 3 (save) her. But on the way home, Ashima was swept away by a flood and turned into 4 is known as the Ashima Rock. You can find this rock in the Lesser Stone Forest. She is seen as a 5 (protect) of the Sani people. The Stone Forest is not man-made, but a fantastic natural phenomenon. Geologists theorize that the various limestone shapes were formed due 6 270 million years. In prehistoric times, the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau was a vast ocean. With a hot climate and 7 (plenty) rainfall, animals, and plants there grew and decayed (腐烂) rapidly. On the seabed formed a thick layer of fossil sediment (化石沉积物). About 252 million years ago, the seabed was lifted. After millions and millions of years of weathering, the rock was separated, 8 (form) strange stone wonders. During the formation of the stone forest, its elegance (高雅) 9 (preserve) from falling. Rain has 10 (continual) washed away any soil, and therefore the stone forest shows its simple face as a world wonder. 【答案与解析】 1. a：must-see 作名词，意为 “必看的事物”，辅音音素开头，用不定冠词 a。 2. As：引导非限制性定语从句，意为 “正如传说所述”，置于句首。 3. to save：make every effort to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为 “尽力做某事”。 4. what：引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，相当于 “the thing that”。 5. protector：名词，意为 “保护者”，作表语。 6. to：due to 为固定短语，意为 “由于”，后接名词。 7. plentiful：形容词修饰名词 rainfall，意为 “充沛的”。 8. forming：现在分词作结果状语，表自然形成的结果。 9. was preserved：被动语态，时态为一般过去时，意为 “被保存”。 10. continually：副词修饰动词 washed，意为 “不断地”。 第二篇 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese calligraphy, honored as a UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage since 2009, is no longer limited to paper and ink. 1 AI and virtual reality, this 3,000-year-old art form is now reaching global audiences in groundbreaking ways. In 2024, the “Digital Dunhuang” project introduced an AI system that can analyze ancient scripts from the Tang Dynasty 2 generate new works in classical styles. Once 3 (fade) due to time, historical documents are being 4 (digit) restored, allowing researchers to study brushstrokes more clearly than before. The integration goes beyond 5 (preserve). VR installations at the Louvre in Paris let visitors “write” calligraphy mid-air using motion sensors, which 6 (spark) huge interest in Chinese culture to date among European youth. Meanwhile, Chinese tech companies have developed AR apps that project famous poems onto modern cityscapes since 2022. Traditional masters also embrace innovation. Wang Wei, 7 works combine AI-generated patterns with hand-painted characters, recently collaborated with MIT 8 (create) calligraphy-inspired coding fonts (字体). “Technology isn’t replacing tradition,” he says, “it’s giving the oldest art 9 new language to speak to the world.” From bamboo slips to block chain, China’s calligraphy revolution proves that 10 (respect) cultural roots while exploring futuristic tools can build bridges across civilizations. 【答案与解析】 1. With：介词，意为 “借助，利用”，后接 AI 和虚拟现实技术。 2. and：连接两个并列动词 analyze 和 generate，表顺承关系。 3. faded：过去分词作状语，表被动，相当于 “once they were faded”。 4. digitally：副词修饰动词 restored，意为 “数字化地”。 5. preservation：名词作宾语，意为 “保护”，与前文动词 go beyond 搭配。 6. has sparked：现在完成时，与时间状语 to date（至今）搭配，主语 which 指代前文 VR 装置引发的兴趣。 7. whose：引导非限制性定语从句，作定语修饰 works，表 “王伟的作品”。 8. to create：不定式作目的状语，意为 “为了创作”。 9. a：不定冠词表泛指，“一种新语言”，new 为辅音音素开头。 10. respecting：动名词作主语，与后文 exploring 并列，意为 “尊重”。 备考策略 1. 牢记关系词的基本用法：制作表格对比关系代词和关系副词的先行词及成分，强化记忆。 2. 攻克特殊规则：整理 “只用 that/which 的情况”“as 与 which 的区别” 等易混点，通过例句加深理解。 3. 强化 “介词＋关系代词” 训练：结合动词搭配和先行词固定用法，多做针对性练习。 4. 结合高考真题：分析近五年真题中的定语从句考点，总结命题规律（如非限制性从句、抽象地点先行词等）。 5. 注意汉译英逻辑：翻译时先确定先行词和从句成分，再选择合适的关系词，避免中文思维干扰。 通过系统梳理核心考点、突破难点、强化真题训练，相信同学们能在定语从句的学习中实现全面提升，为高一期末考和未来高考奠定坚实基础 · 考点思维导图汇总 1 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$