专题02 阅读理解之说明文（湖南专用）-【好题汇编】2025年中考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解之说明文 编者按：2025年湖南中考二模收集齐全，深度解析，排版整齐。 一、人与社会 （一） （2025年湖南省长沙市明德天心中学中考二模） Have you ever joyfully stepped out to your garden, freshly enjoyed coffee in hand, only to find your cared-for plants dying? Was the earth too dry? Did insects find their way in? Faced with this, some gardeners wish plants could tell them what they need. A new UK project is testing this idea. Next year, an AI-Garden in England will be shown off. It uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and tell gardeners when plants needs care. Gardeners can ask it questions and it might reply with phrases like “I need a bit more water.” or “I could use a haircut.” This magical AI-Garden was created by an AI company called Avende and Microsoft! When it’s ready, there will be smart sensors (传感器) hidden around the garden, like plant “health recorder”. These sensors check soil conditions and can predict things like strong winds or rainstorms. The data they collect is sent to a special “digital brain” (an AI model) in a small glass building at the back of the garden. Just like a super gardener, this AI model analyzes the information and then tell gardeners the best time to fertilize (施肥), water, or cut the plants, keeping plant happy and healthy! Despite (尽管) the challenges ahead, I’m confident that as this AI-Garden keeps improving, it will become a great helper for every gardener. It’s bringing us closer to a future where taking care of gardens is easier and more fun with the help of technology. 1．How does the writer lead to the topic in the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By asking questions. 2．What does the underlined word “monitor” in Para.2 mean? A．监测 B．威胁 C．利用 3．Which is the job of the sensors in the AI-Garden? A．They check the condition of the soil and predict things. B．They analyze the data. C．They tell gardeners the best time for gardening. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards the AI-Garden? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. 【参考答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了一个由Avende和微软公司合作开发的AI花园项目。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever joyfully stepped out to your garden, freshly enjoyed coffee in hand, only to find your cared-for plants dying? Was the earth too dry? Did insects find their way in?”可知，作者通过提出一系列问题引出话题。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“It uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and tell gardeners when plants need care.”可知，“monitor”指AI模型对花园环境的持续观察和检测，与“监测”含义最接近。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“These sensors check soil conditions and can predict things like strong winds or rainstorms.”明可知，传感器的作用是检测土壤状况并预测天气变化。故选A。 4． 观点态度题。根据“I’m confident that as this AI-Garden keeps improving, it will become a great helper for every gardener.”可知，作者对AI花园持积极态度，认为它是园丁的好帮手。故选B。 （二） （2025年湖南省长沙市明德天心中学中考二模） Although many years have passed, I clearly remember the first day of my high school. As I sat down on my bed, the wooden bed board was broken in half. A wave of embarrassment (尴尬) washed over me as my roommates looked at me in shock. I might have thought about the poor quality of the bed, but there was no doubt that I was too heavy. I always ate too much because of the hunger. New research finds that not getting enough protein (蛋白质) can make people overeat. Researchers from the University of Sydney carried out a careful study. They closely followed the eating habits of almost 10,000 Australians from different age groups for one year. The results were quite clear: people eat to meet their protein requirements. When the food they eat is low in protein, they end up eating far more, a phenomenon (现象) known as “protein hunger”. People with “protein hunger” will eat more than people who eat protein-rich food. For example, a person who has a breakfast low in protein, like just a piece of white bread, will likely feel hungry soon. As a result, they eat more snacks that day, and choose fewer healthy foods. But people who eat a protein-rich breakfast such as eggs, Greek yogurt, or meat usually feel full for longer and eat less in all. Protein is especially important for our bodies. It helps our body fight diseases. To increase more protein, animal-based proteins like fish, chicken, and meat are excellent, but plant-based foods like tofu, beans, peanut butter, and whole grains (谷物) are also great choices. 1．According to the research, why do people overeat? A．Because they don’t get enough protein. B．Because they don’t want to waste food. C．Because they love the taste of snacks. 2．Which of the following food can help people feel full for longer? A．Potato chips. B．Greek yogurt. C．A piece of white bread. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer may always cat protein-rich food in middle school. B．People who always cat low-protein food will develop bad eating habits. C．Animal-based proteins are better than plant-based proteins. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．“Protein hunger” can cause overeating. B．A good breakfast makes you healthy. C．A childhood story causes embarrassment. 【参考答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．A 【语篇解读】本文通过作者高中时的经历引出新研究，探讨蛋白质摄入不足与过量饮食的关系，介绍 “蛋白质饥饿” 现象及蛋白质的重要性。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“New research finds that not getting enough protein can make people overeat.”可知，人们过量饮食的原因是蛋白质摄入不足。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“people who eat a protein-rich breakfast such as eggs, Greek yogurt, or meat usually feel full for longer”可知，希腊酸奶属于高蛋白食物，能让人更久保持饱腹感。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“For example, a person who has a breakfast low in protein, like just a piece of white bread, will likely feel hungry soon. As a result, they eat more snacks that day, and choose fewer healthy foods.”可知，长期摄入低蛋白食物的人可能养成不良饮食习惯。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕蛋白质饥饿展开，解释其导致过量饮食的机制，并强调蛋白质的重要性。选项A“蛋白质饥饿能够导致导致过量饮食”最能概括核心内容。故选A。 （三） （2025年湖南省岳阳市岳阳县中考二模） Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important tool in education. One example is Deepseek, a smart learning platform (平台) that uses AI to help students study better. First of all, Deepseek can provide personalized suggestions according to students’ learning habits. For example, if a student is weak in math, Deepseek will give more math exercises and simply explain difficult problems. Another advantage of Deepseek is its ability to save time. It can quickly find useful resources, such as videos, articles and pictures, based on the students’ needs. This means students don’t have to spend hours searching for materials online. Instead, they can focus on learning. What’s more, Deepseek can show students’ progress. It records how much they have improved and shows areas where they need to work harder. This helps students set clear goals and stay active. However, some people worry that AI might take the place of teachers in the future. Other people think AI is here to support. Teachers can use tools like Deepseek to understand their students better and offer more help. All in all, Deepseek is a powerful tool that can make learning more efficient (有效率的) and enjoyable. By using it wisely, students can get better grades in less time. 1．What can Deepseek do to help students who have math problems? A．It can take the place of their math teachers. B．It can give them more exercises and explain difficult problems. C．It can search for videos, articles and pictures online. 2．What does the word “personalized” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．全面的 B．实用的 C．个性化 3．What can we learn from the passage about AI in education? A．AI can help teachers understand students better. B．AI is only used to find online resources. C．AI will completely take the place of teachers in the future. 4．Which of the following is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了人工智能在教育方面带来的好处，并且提出了一些人们对于人工智能的看法。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“For example, if a student is weak in math, Deepseek will give more math exercises and simply explain difficult problems.”可知，Deepseek能帮助有数学问题的学生给出更多的数学练习和简单解释困难的问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“First of all, Deepseek can provide personalized suggestions according to students’ learning habits. For example, if a student is weak in math, Deepseek will give more math exercises and simply explain difficult problems.”可知，Deepseek可根据学生的实际情况给出相应的练习，即Deepseek可以给学生提供个性化的建议。故personalized最有可能的意思是“个性化”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Teachers can use tools like Deepseek to understand their students better and offer more help.”可知，人工智能可以帮助教师了解学生。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。分析全文可知，第一段是总述人工智能已经成为教育的重要工具；第二段和第三段分别介绍了人工智能在教育方面的优势；第四段总结全文，提出人工智能是强大的工具。故文章结构是“总分总”。故选B。 （四） （2025年湖南省长沙市一中新华都学校中考二模） Does using fingers to count show that a student is having trouble with math? Some educators believe so, thinking it’s a sign of difficulty in understanding numbers. But others have a different view. They believe finger counting actually shows a deeper understanding of numbers. Recent research has shown that teaching kids to count on their fingers can improve their math skills. Scientists from Switzerland and France explored the influence of finger counting on children. They carried out a study with children who didn’t usually count on their fingers. They wanted to find out whether it would help them in math. The study involved 328 kindergarten children in France. Before the study began, the children were tested to see how well they could solve some simple addition (加法) problems. Then, the children were divided into two groups. One group took part in a two-week training program where they learned to count on their fingers. After the training, they were tested again. The results were amazing! The percentage of their correct answers increased from 37% to 77%. This was a much bigger jump than the group that didn’t receive the training. Dr. Catherine Thevenot, who led the study, explained the significance of the study, “Over 75% of the kindergartners improved with the training. We provide a clear answer to whether teachers should encourage finger counting. Future research will focus on supporting the remaining kindergarteners who didn’t make progress.” This research started because some teachers weren’t sure if finger counting was worth teaching. The findings of this study show that it certainly is. Finger counting not only helps children with their math but also shows that they understand numbers more deeply. This method prepares young learners to become better at math as they grow older. 1．What was the main purpose of the research by the Swiss and French teams? A．To find out how many students count on their fingers. B．To see if finger counting helps children with math. C．To compare different teaching methods for math. 2．How was the study on finger counting carried out? A．By comparing finger counting in different countries. B．By asking adults’ opinions on children’s math skills. C．By testing kindergarten children before and after training. 3．The underlined word “significance” probably means “________”. A．importance B．disadvantage C．background 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Finger counting gets popular with schoolchildren. B．Finger counting is a useful way for young learners. C．It’s difficult for students to learn to count on fingers. 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文讲述了关于儿童使用手指计数是否有助于数学学习的研究。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They wanted to find out whether it would help them in math.”可知，瑞士和法国团队的研究目的是验证手指计数是否有助于儿童数学学习。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before the study began, the children were tested… Then… divided into two groups… After the training, they were tested again.”可知，研究通过对比训练前后幼儿园儿童的数学表现进行。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Dr. Catherine Thevenot… explained the significance of the study…”及后文研究结果的明确结论（75%儿童进步）可推断，“significance”指研究的重要性。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“Finger counting not only helps children with their math but also shows that they understand numbers more deeply. This method prepares young learners to become better at math as they grow older.”可知，文章主要讲述用手指计数对年轻学习者来说是一种有用的方法。故选B。 （五） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） Among many amazing animals in the world, few are as strange and unusual as the octopus (章鱼). There are around 300 different kinds of octopuses, and they come in all sizes! The smallest is only around 2.5 centimetres long, but some octopuses can grow up to more than five metres long. There was even an octopus over nine metres long! The octopus’s body is very interesting. All octopuses have eight arms. Their brain is not just in their head but also in their arms. This helps them to think about and do more than one thing at once. Octopuses can also fit into small places because they do not have any bones (骨头). And did you know that octopuses have three hearts? These hearts work with different parts of the body. Octopuses can also do many amazing things. Most of them can change their colour and shape to look like plants or other sea animals, and they can also make ink (墨水). They keep it inside a very small bag in their body. When they produce ink, the ink makes it hard for other animals to see them. This helps the octopuses to get away fast. What’s more, when an octopus loses an arm, it can grow it back! Studying amazing animals like the octopus is important because we can learn a lot from them. But they also show us how wonderful nature is and why it is important to protect it. 1．How many kinds of octopuses are there in the world? A．Nearly 100. B．Around 200. C．About 300. 2．Why can octopuses fit into small places? A．They have very short arms. B．Their hearts are very small. C．They do not have any bones. 3．What do octopuses use ink for? A．To attack other animals. B．To help them hide or escape. C．To communicate with friends. 4．What happens if an octopus loses an arm? A．It will die immediately. B．It becomes weaker forever. C．It can grow a new one. 【参考答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．C 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了章鱼这一奇特动物。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“There are around 300 different kinds of octopuses” 可知，章鱼种类约为300 种，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Octopuses can also fit into small places because they do not have any bones” 可知，章鱼能挤进小空间是因为没有骨头，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“When they produce ink, the ink makes it hard for other animals to see them. This helps the octopuses to get away fast.” 可知，墨水用于干扰天敌视线以躲藏或逃脱，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“when an octopus loses an arm, it can grow it back!” 可知，章鱼失去触手后能再生，故选C。 （六） （2025年湖南省永州市祁阳市中考二模） In the ocean world, there is a kind of amazing fish called the angelfish (神仙鱼). It can change from female (雌性的) to male (雄性的). The change happens for an exact reason. The angelfish live in groups. Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish, which are yellow in colour. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females and acts like their “safety guard”. When the male dies, the group needs a “safety guard”. This is when the largest female, fish in the group begins to change its appearance. She begins to grow larger. After a week, her body starts change from yellow to blue. Slowly, her behaviour towards the females changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later, black stripes (条纹) appear on her body. This shows that the change is complete. She is now completely male and ready to be the guard! The angelfish are among the most brightly coloured fish of the sea. You can also see them in home aquaria. People prefer to keep them because of the interesting patterns on them. These patterns help them to hide from enemies. Often, the young ones are differently coloured than the adults. They can be found in the fresh waters of South America and, in warm seas coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and can grow up to a length of 17 inches. Their diet are mainly sponge and algae. 1．Who acts as the “safety guard” in an angelfish group? A．The male angelfish. B．The largest female angelfish. C．The oldest angelfish in the group. 2．What does the underlined word aquaria in paragraph 4 mean? A．An enemy for most fish kept at home. B．A glass box that is used to keep fish. C．An interesting pattern for fish. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．There are usually five angelfish in a fish group. B．The coral reefs can grow up to a length of 17 inches. C．Angelfish can change from female to male whenever they like. 4．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a health magazine. C．In a science magazine. 【参考答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，通过神仙鱼的性别转换现象（雌性在雄性死亡后变为雄性），揭示其独特的群居保护机制，并介绍其外观特征、栖息环境及人工饲养价值，展现海洋生物适应自然的智慧。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The male angelfish is the strongest...and acts like their ‘safety guard’”可知，雄性神仙鱼担任保护者角色。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上下文“You can also see them in home aquaria”及“People prefer to keep them”可知，aquaria指家庭养鱼的容器。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish, which are yellow in colour.”可知，每组通常有5条鱼，选项A正确，故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章介绍神仙鱼的性别转换机制、群居习性等科学知识，适合发表于科学类杂志。故选C。 （七） （2025年湖南省衡阳市第十七中学中考二模） On January 28th, 2025, a special performance called Yang BOT amazed audiences (观众) at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by a famous Chinese filmmaker, the show combined (结合) traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance from northern China that is often seen during festivals. They spun (旋转) handkerchiefs effortlessly and formed creative group patterns. These robots were developed by Unitree (宇树科技), a Chinese robotics company. This wasn’t Unitree’s first success—in 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben (犇犇)” danced as backup for singer Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the uneven stage. Their strong joints (结合处) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. The filmmaker explained, “This dance isn’t just fun—it shows how technology can bring new life to traditions.” Thanks to these innovations, the robots won the hearts of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangko” trended quickly. Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The Yang BOT program is a perfect mix of China’s technological progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and the past dance together!” 1．Which is TRUE about the performance called Yang BOT? A．It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B．It was the first time robots had appeared at the Gala. C．It combined traditional dance with robot technology. 2．What could the humanoid robots do in the performance? A．They could take the place of human dancers completely. B．They could spin handkerchiefs and form patterns. C．They could learn to dance by themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “innovations” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．服装 B．创新 C．传统 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．It’s about the Yang BOT program. B．It’s about the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. C．It’s about the first robots that can dance. 【参考答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．A 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了2025年1月28日亮相央视春晚的特别表演《Yang BOT》。该节目由中国著名导演执导，将中国传统的秧歌舞蹈与现代机器人技术相结合。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Directed by a famous Chinese filmmaker, the show combined (结合) traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology.”可知，表演融合了传统舞蹈与机器人技术。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“They spun (旋转) handkerchiefs effortlessly and formed creative group patterns.”可知，机器人可以毫不费力地编织手帕，形成创造性的群体图案。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词前“The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the uneven stage…‘This dance isn’t just fun—it shows how technology can bring new life to traditions.’”可知，前文提到了对机器人舞蹈技术（AI学习、激光导航、关节设计）的创新性描述，因此划线词是“创新”。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了2025年央视春晚上名为《Yang BOT》的机器人秧歌表演。故选A。 （八） （2025年湖南省常德市鼎城区中考二模） Have you ever wished you could talk to the “you” from the future? Well, now a new AI project called Future You is trying to make that happen. First, Future You uses AI to ask you questions about who you are, what your life is like now,and what you want to do in the future. Then it collects all the information and creates a picture of you when you're 60 years old. So you can ask this“future you” questions and get advice for what's to come. Future You can even show you a picture of what you might look like at 60. A scientist said,“The system makes the pretend version (虚拟版本) really seem like the real deal. Future You is a lot more detailed (详细的) than just thinking about your future self in your head.” The website of Future You says it’s meant to help you think more about the long term by making you feel more connected to your future self. If you feel more tied to that future you, you're more likely to make good choices for your future, like with money, school, or your health. Scientists tested Future You on 344 people. The ones who talked to Future You for 10 to 30 minutes felt less worried and more motivated about the unknown future. But Future You isn’t perfect. A professor said, “We don’t know if people actually did anything different or changed how they act because they talked to their future self.” Also, the AI can only show one possible future, not different ones. In the end, as an article in Forbes (《福布斯》) said, “It’s all just pretend.” So we can’t believe everything Future You says as if it’s completely true. 1．What does Future You do first? A．It shows users a picture of their future. B．It collects users’ information and future plans. C．It asks users questions about their past experiences. 2．What does the underlined word “motivated” mean in Paragraph 4? A．有动力的 B．焦虑的 C．困惑的 3．Which of the following statement (陈述) does the writer probably agree with? A．Everything Future You says is completely true. B．Future You is only a pretend version, so it’s useless. C．Future You makes it possible for you to talk to your future self. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．AI: A Perfect Tool to Know your Life B．Forbes: A New Way to See the Project C．Future You: A New Way to See the Future 【参考答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了名为Future You的新AI项目，它能帮人们与未来的自己交流并获取建议，同时也存在一些局限性。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“First, Future You uses AI to ask you questions about who you are, what your life is like now, and what you want to do in the future.”可知，Future You首先会用人工智能询问用户关于自身、当下生活以及未来规划的问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“The ones who talked to Future You for 10 to 2 minutes felt less worried”可知，与Future You交流10到2分钟的人担忧变少，and连接并列成分，可推测“motivated”意思是积极正向的，即“有动力的”。故选A。 3．观点态度题。根据“Well, now a new AI project called Future You is trying to make that happen.”可知，作者认为Future You这个项目让人们与未来的自己对话成为可能。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。文章围绕Future You这个AI项目展开，介绍它能让人们看到未来的自己并与之交流等内容，“Future You: 预见未来的新方式”能概括文章主旨。故选C。 （九） （2025年湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语学校中考二模） ① Every one of us falls ill sometimes. If we’re lucky, there are medicines to help us get better soon. Sometimes, however, there may not be a medicine for our illness. Then scientists must work to make a new one. ② To create a new medicine, scientists start by looking through molecule (分子) “banks”. Molecules are like tiny building blocks of the world. They make up everything around us, from air and water to our food and medicines. These “banks” store millions of molecules. But which of them can help make the new medicine? Scientists need to do a lot of work to find the right ones. Sometimes, they need to change the molecules’ shapes to make them safer and work better. ③ Next, scientists test the molecules on living cells (细胞) and animals. These tests help them choose the best molecules. They also decide if they will take the form of a pill, a capsule (胶囊) or an injection (针剂). ④ Finally, scientists test their medicine on people in three steps. First, they ask 20 to 100 healthy volunteers to take the medicine for a few weeks or months. This helps make sure the medicine is safe and doesn’t cause bad side effects. Scientists also find out how much medicine should be taken. Second, they test the medicine in 100 to 500 patients. The patients are divided into two groups. One group gets the real medicine. The other gets a harmless fake pill called a placebo (安慰剂). This step will tell scientists if the new medicine really works. Third, scientists invite 300 to 3,000 patients from around the world to repeat the test. Again, they compare the medicine to a placebo. ⑤ Can a medicine be mass produced (大规模生产) and sold when it passes all these steps? Not yet. More work is needed before the medicine can be given a green light. 1．What do scientists do first when creating a new medicine? A．Testing the medicine on healthy volunteers. B．Searching molecule “banks” for suitable ones. C．Changing molecules’ shapes to make them safer. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Safety checks with volunteers. B．Placebos in medical tests. C．Steps of testing on humans. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientists must study further before the medicine really comes out. B．The hospital can use the new medicine right after it passes all the tests. C．Producing the new medicine needs green lights. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了新药研发的过程。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据文中“To create a new medicine, scientists start by looking through molecule ‘banks’.” 可知，为了研发新药，科学家首先要浏览分子“库”，在其中寻找合适的分子，故选B。 2．主旨大意题 。第四段首句“Finally, scientists test their medicine on people in three steps.”表明该段主要讲科学家在人体上进行药物测试的三个步骤。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文中“Can a medicine be mass produced and sold when it passes all these steps? Not yet. More work is needed before the medicine can be given a green light.”可知，药物通过所有这些步骤后还不能大规模生产和销售，还需要更多工作，也就是药物真正问世前科学家还需进一步研究，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。第一段引出新药研发的话题；第二、三、四段分别从寻找合适分子、在细胞和动物上测试、在人体上测试三个方面阐述研发过程；第五段说明即使通过前面步骤，药物仍需更多工作才能获批，整体是总分结构，第一段总述，二、三、四段并列分述，第五段总结。故选B。 （十） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区第十六中学中考二模） Why is music so important to children? Here are some of my thoughts on the subject. Music has a positive (积极的) effect on young children’s development! New research shows that music has a good influence on young children’s cognitive (认知的) skills, such as spatial reasoning (空间推理) and memory. Research also shows that offering children an interesting environment can support children’s healthy growth and development. Young children enjoy making music with others! Making music with others gives children a wonderful feeling of belonging to the group. Children might have difficulty joining in activities with others because they are shy, have limited language ability or special needs, but they can freely take part in a music activity. Music makes young children happy! Children seem to experience much pleasure and joy when listening to music, making music and dancing to music. Whether they are singing along to a CD, playing an instrument or dancing to music around the classroom, most children seem to thoroughly (彻底地) enjoy participating in a music activity. How wonderful it is to offer children the chance to do some activities about music! 1．New research shows that music can improve young children’s ________ skills. A．cognitive B．reading C．writing 2．Which is one of the reasons that children have difficulty joining in activities with others? A．They don’t know others. B．They want to play games alone. C．They are shy. 3．Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined phrase “participate in”? A．come in B．arrive at C．take part in 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Make Music with Others B．The Influence of Music on Young Children C．What Wonderful Music! 【参考答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要阐述了音乐对儿童发展的重要作用，包括促进认知能力发展、帮助儿童融入集体活动以及给儿童带来快乐等方面，强调了音乐活动对儿童健康成长的重要意义。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“New research shows that music has a good influence on young children’s cognitive (认知的) skills, such as spatial reasoning (空间推理) and memory.”可知，音乐对儿童的认知技能有积极影响。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Children might have difficulty joining in activities with others because they are shy, have limited language ability or special needs…”可知，害羞是儿童难以参与集体活动的原因之一。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据上下文及“a music activity”可知，指的是参加活动，其同义表达为“take part in”（参与）。故选C。 4．最佳标题题。全文围绕音乐对儿童的积极影响展开，包括认知发展、社交参与和情感愉悦三个方面。最贴合的主题是“音乐对幼儿的影响”。故选B。 （十一） （2025年湖南省长沙市立信中学中考二模） In the mountainous areas of Guizhou Province, 1,500 middle school students have recently gotten special backpacks. These bags have solar panels (太阳能电池板) that store energy when children walk to school. The stored energy can power lamps at home for 5 hours, which is a great help for villages where the electricity is often cut off. The project was started in March 2025 by a tech company and the local government. Each backpack costs 200 yuan. Twelve-year-old Li Mei is one of the users. Her family couldn’t afford an electricity machine before. “Now I can do my homework safely at night without worrying about the light going out,” she says. Since using the backpack, her grades have improved by 15%, especially in math and Chinese. The design of the backpack is smart and practical. The solar panels only add 300 grams of weight, but they can store enough energy for daily use. Inside the backpack, there’s a light e-paper device (设备) that holds all the textbooks and notebooks, so students don’t need to carry heavy books anymore. The average weight of the schoolbag has dropped from 4.2 kg to 2.1 kg, making it much easier for students to carry. By September 2025, over 50 more schools in Guizhou will join the project. Similar tests are also happening in Kenya and Peru, where the solar panels are made to work well in hot and sunny weather. “This isn’t just about having new technology,” says Dr. Zhang, the leader of the project. “It’s about making sure every child has the same chance to learn, no matter where they live.” As more kids get these backpacks, their nights are brighter, and their futures look more hopeful. 1．What’s special about the backpacks? A．Storing solar energy. B．Being much cheaper. C．Speeding up walking. 2．What could Li Mei do with the special backpack? A．She could afford a new electricity machine. B．She could finish homework quickly and nicely. C．She could study when there is no electricity. 3．How much does the schoolbag weigh now? A．4.2 kg. B．2.1 kg. C．300 grams. 4．What is the writer’s attitude to the project? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. 【参考答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【语篇解读】本文讲述了贵州省山区1500名中学生获得了一种特殊的太阳能背包。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“These bags have solar panels that store energy when children walk to school.”可知，这种背包的特殊之处在于它能储存太阳能。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Now I can do my homework safely at night without worrying about the light going out”可知，可以在停电时使用背包储存的能源学习。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The average weight of the schoolbag has dropped from 4.2 kg to 2.1 kg”可知，现在书包的重量是2.1公斤。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据最后一段“As more kids get these backpacks, their nights are brighter, and their futures look more hopeful.”可知，作者认为这一项目让孩子们的未来更有希望，态度是支持的。故选C。 （十二） （2025年湖南省长沙市立信中学中考二模） During this May Day holiday, a movie called The Dumpling Queen became a big hit. It tells a true and inspiring story that will touch your heart. The movie is about Zang Jianhe. In the late 1970s, life was tough for her. She came to Hong Kong from Qingdao, Shandong, with her two little daughters. But things didn’t go as she hoped. Her marriage broke down, her husband, who was already in Hong Kong, left her and she had to look after her children. Suddenly, Zang found herself alone in a new place, with no money and no one to help. However, Zang Jianhe didn’t give up. She remembered her family’s dumpling-making skills. So, she decided to sell dumplings at Wan Chai Pier (湾仔码头) to make a living. At first, it was extremely hard. She set up a small stand at Wan Chai Pier. The weather was sometimes bad, and she had to work long hours. What’s worse, some bad guys tried to bully (霸凌) her. But she was a strong-willed woman. She worked day and night, making dumplings with love and care. Slowly but surely, people started to notice her dumplings. They were so tasty! More and more customers came to buy her dumplings. Zang worked even harder. She tried different ways to make her dumplings taste better. As time went by, her business grew bigger and bigger. Finally, through her non-stop efforts, she built a big business from nothing and became the well-known “Dumpling Queen”. This story shows us that no matter how hard life is, as long as we are brave and keep tying, we can make our dreams come true. Zang Jianhe’s story is truly amazing and gives us a lot of hope. 1．What does the underlined word “tough” probably mean? A．Smooth. B．Challenging. C．Simple. 2．Why did Zang Jianhe choose to sell dumplings instead of other foods? A．Because of her family’s dumpling-making skills. B．Because dumplings were the easiest food to make. C．Because she liked dumplings more than other foods. 3．How did Zang get more customers gradually? A．By moving her stand. B．By lowering the price. C．By improving the taste. 4．What can we learn from Zang’s story? A．Hard work pays off. B．Better late than never. C．Well begun is half done. 【参考答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．A 【语篇解读】本文讲述了臧健和的真实励志故事。 【详情解析】 1．词句猜测题。根据“In the late 1970s, life was tough for her. She came to Hong Kong… with no money and no one to help.”可知，臧健和当时的生活非常艰难。因此“tough”的意思是“具有挑战性的”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“She remembered her family’s dumpling-making skills. So, she decided to sell dumplings…”可知，她选择卖饺子是因为她有家族的饺子制作技艺。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“She tried different ways to make her dumplings taste better… her business grew bigger and bigger.”可知，她通过改进饺子的味道吸引了更多顾客。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“This story shows us that no matter how hard life is, as long as we are brave and keep trying, we can make our dreams come true.”可知，这个故事告诉我们努力终有回报。故选A。 （十三） （2025年湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区中考二模） Great news! Primary and middle schools in Hunan have extended (延长) their break time between classes from 10 minutes to 15 minutes since February this year. This new rule helps students in many ways. First, the longer break gives students enough time to relax. They can walk around the classroom, drink water, and still have time to play. Second, it helps students prepare better for the next class. With enough rest, they can focus more on lessons. Third, the extra time allows for more exercise. Many students now enjoy playing basketball or skipping rope (跳绳) during breaks. This makes them feel less stressed. Take Zhao Xuan, a seventh-grade student in Changsha, as an example. “I really love the new break time!” he said with a smile when he was interviewed by the newspaper. “I used to have to rush to the restroom and back to class with little time for anything else. Now I have more time to rest and share something interesting with my classmates.” Teachers also like this change. They find students more energetic (精力充沛) in class after the longer breaks. The school doctor says fewer students complain of headaches now. It’s hoped that with more break time, students can enjoy their school life better and grow up healthily. 1．When did primary and middle schools in Hunan start to extend the break time? A．In September, 2024. B．In February, 2025. C．In February, 2024. 2．How long is the new break time? A．5minutes. B．10 minutes. C．15 minutes. 3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2? A．The reasons for extending the break time. B．The advantages of extending the break time. C．The importance of extending the break time. 4．From this passage, we can know that ________. A．Zhao Xuan has less time to relax between classes than before B．Teachers find students more tired in class after the longer break time C．The longer break time can help students enjoy their school life better 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【语篇解读】本文主要讲述了湖南延长了中小学的课间休息时间，以及延长课间休息时间带来的好处。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Primary and middle schools in Hunan have extended (延长) their break time between classes from 10 minutes to 15 minutes since February this year.”可知，开始延长课间休息的时间是今年的2月。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Primary and middle schools in Hunan have extended (延长) their break time between classes from 10 minutes to 15 minutes since February this year.”可知，延长后的课间休息时间是15分钟。故选C。 3．主旨大意题。根据“This new rule helps students in many ways. First, ... Second, …Third, …”可知，本段主要谈论的是延长课间休息时间的好处。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“It’s hoped that with more break time, students can enjoy their school life better and grow up healthily.”可知，更长的课间休息时间可以让学生更好的享受学校生活。故选C。 （十四） （2025年湖南省衡阳市中考二模） Family education plays a big role in one’s life. Good parents will greatly influence their children. Our group wants to know what great values teenagers learn from their parents and how often they communicate with their parents. So a survey was made among 1,000 students in our school including the first, second and third students. Here are the diagrams showing the results. Family is the first classroom for teenagers, and parents are their first teachers. The character and habits that teenagers develop have a lot to do with their parents. Parents should pay attention to their words and acts because teenagers will follow parents’ behavior. Parents should serve as role models for their teenage children. They should show positive behavior (积极行为), such as kindness, honesty, and respect, which their children can learn from them. By setting a good example, parents can help shape their children’s character and habits in a positive way. 1．The survey is mainly about ________. A．family education B．table manners C．eating habits 2．________ is one of the great values that teenagers learn from their parents according to Diagram Ⅰ. A．Being on time B．Being honest C．Being outgoing 3．According to Diagram Ⅱ, ________ of 1,000 students sometimes communicate with their parents. A．59% B．39% C．31% 4．From the passage, we can know ________. A．50 students learn to work harder from their parents B．half of the students seldom communicate with their parents C．parents have a great influence on the development of teenagers habits 【参考答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【语篇解读】本文主要通过图表和文字说明了家庭教育在青少年成长过程中的重要性。 【详情解析】 1．主旨大意题。根据“Our group wants to know what great values teenagers learn from their parents and how often they communicate with their parents.”可知，调查主要围绕家庭教育。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据图表中“being honest 88%”及“They should show positive behavior (积极行为), such as kindness, honesty, and respect, which their children can learn from them.”可知，诚实是青少年从父母那里学到的重要价值观之一。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据表二中“Sometimes 31%”可知，有时与父母沟通的学生占31%。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“The character and habits that teenagers develop have a lot to do with their parents.”可知，父母对青少年的习惯发展有重要作用。故选C。 （十五） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004. BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands. China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were produced in 2023? A．1.2 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by _______. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. 【参考答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国电动汽车行业的快速发展、现状及未来前景。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023.”可知，2023年中国生产了958万辆电动汽车。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。第二段主要讲述了中国电动汽车行业的快速发展，从2004年只有比亚迪一家展示电动汽车，到2024年有278种不同型号的电动汽车参展，展示了中国电动汽车行业的发展。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks.”可知，没有创新能力的电动汽车制造商将面临越来越大的风险，因此提高创新能力是减少风险的最可能方式。故选A。 4．观点态度题。根据“It is very likely that China will hold the lead.”可知，作者对中国电动汽车行业的未来持乐观态度。故选B。 （十六） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） Liao Wenting, who grew up in a small town in Gansu Province, is now wearing the head-mounted display (头戴式显示器) in a modern classroom. The classroom is newly built in her school. Covering 137 square metres, the classroom has multimedia (多媒体的) teaching systems, VR headsets,3D printers and other high-tech equipment. The high-tech equipment was given away by Tencent. This is the first classroom of its kind in Gansu. The company also offered free training services to the school’s IT teachers and organized scientific and technological competitions to encourage students to continue exploring the field of technology. Ma Feiya, a student at the school, used a 3D printer to create a pencil box with her own design. “It was an amazing experience to see my model come to life,” she says. “I am eager (渴望) to explore more possibilities in this field in the classroom.” In 2020, Tencent started the project named Future Classrooms with the goal of improving the learning environment for students in poor areas. By the end of August 2024,48 such “classrooms” had been built and put into use in many cities, and over 1.15 million students had benefited (受益). Yu Jinghui, a student from a mountainous county in Shaoguan, is one of them. After learning programming for 4 months, he designed a game for his little sister. The game also won him first prize in a provincial competition. He says, “Programming has helped me realize my dream that I could not achieve in real life, which brings me a strong sense of achievement.” Tencent says that in the future, Future Classrooms will surely reach out to more students and help them achieve their dreams. 1．How does the author start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By describing a scene. C．By explaining a recent fact. 2．Why are those numbers listed in paragraph 4? A．To present the project’s process. B．To increase the project’s influence. C．To show the project’s achievements. 3．What do Ma Feiya and Yu Jinghui have in common? A．Both of them won prizes in the competition. B．They both make full use of the modern classroom. C．They both used high-tech equipment from an early age. 4．What is Tencent’s attitude towards the future of Future Classrooms? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Confident. 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 【来源】2025年湖南省长沙市湖南师大附中教育集团中考二模英语试题 【语篇解读】本文讲述了腾讯公司通过“未来教室”项目，为贫困地区的学生提供高科技设备，改善他们的学习环境，并帮助他们实现梦想的故事。 【详情解析】 1．推理判断题。根据“Liao Wenting, who grew up in a small town in Gansu Province, is now wearing the head-mounted display (头戴式显示器) in a modern classroom.”可知，作者通过描述一个场景来开始这篇文章。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“By the end of August 2024, 48 such ‘classrooms’ had been built and put into use in many cities, and over 1.15 million students had benefited (受益).”可知，这些数字的列举是为了展示该项目的成就。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Ma Feiya, a student at the school, used a 3D printer to create a pencil box with her own design.”和“Yu Jinghui, a student from a mountainous county in Shaoguan, is one of them. After learning programming for 4 months, he designed a game for his little sister.”可知，Ma Feiya和Yu Jinghui都充分利用了现代教室的设备。故选B。 4．观点态度题。根据“Tencent says that in the future, Future Classrooms will surely reach out to more students and help them achieve their dreams.”可知，腾讯对“未来教室”的未来持有自信的态度。故选C。 （十七） （2025年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模） In today’s rapidly developing world, creativity and efforts are the driving forces behind technological progress. Three young men stand out as shining examples of how these qualities can shape our future. Wang Xingxing Born: 1990 Birthplace: Ningbo, Zhejiang Achievements: He is the founder of UnitreeRobotics. His team created Yangbot, a robot that appeared on the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. With four legs, the robot can walk, run, jump, and even perform difficult dance moves. In the future, robots will do more things for humans. Jiaozi(Yang Yu) Born:1980 Birthplace: Luzhou, Sichuan Achievements: He is the director of the highly praised film Ne Zha 2. Making Ne Zha 2 was a team effort. Over 130 companies worked together on the film, which shows the strength of China’s growing animation (动画) industry. They put technology to good use in film making. DeepSeek Liang Wenfeng Born:1985 Birthplace: Zhanjiang, Guangdong Achievements: He is the CEO of DeepSeek. DeepSeek focuses on helping people with tasks like writing and learning, and solving real-world problems in areas such as medical health, educational fairness and environmental protection. It makes technology easy to use and helps everyone work faster. 1．Who was NOT born in the 1980s? A．Wang Xingxing. B．Jiaozi. C．Liang Wenfeng. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the material? A．Yangbot can only perform simple movements like walking. B．Over 130 companies joined hands to create Ne Zha 2. C．DeepSeek pays attention to developing video games. 3．In which part of the magazine can we read the material? A．Travel. B．History. C．Technology. 【参考答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了三位年轻人在科技领域的杰出成就，展示了创造力和努力如何推动技术进步。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据文章中的信息，Wang Xingxing出生于1990年，Jiaozi出生于1980年，Liang Wenfeng出生于1985年。因此，Wang Xingxing不是80年代出生的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Over 130 companies worked together on the film”可知，超过130家公司合作制作了《哪吒2》。故选B。 3．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了三位年轻人在科技领域的成就，因此最有可能出现在杂志的“科技”部分。故选C。 （十八） （2025年湖南省娄底市中考二模） Were you surprised by the robots performing the Yangko dance at this year’s Spring Festival Gala? Wait for it! Another robot can even do a front flip (前空翻). These days, robots that look like humans seem to be able to do almost anything. But what makes them so smart? The secret lies in AI. Since 2022, big progress in AI has made robots much better. Companies are creating amazing technologies like large language models (LLMs). Peter Chen from Covariant said that LLMs, like the ones used in ChatGPT, can help improve robots. LLMs learn from lots of data (数据) and use that knowledge to help robots think. Visual AI helps robots understand what they see in photos and videos. This mix of LLMs and visual AI allows robots to know how things are connected. This makes robots better at moving and doing tasks. But being smart isn’t enough—robots also need to move well. In the past, even simple tasks like picking up an apple were hard for robots. Now, new technology helps them a lot. Using light materials makes robots strong and able to move freely. Sensors let them see, hear, and feel their environment, while engines help them move easily. Now, human-like robots are becoming more and more popular. The market for these robots could be worth 276.9 billion yuan by 2035. 1．What has greatly improved robots since 2022? A．New dancing skill. B．Progress in AI. C．Better appearance. 2．What can help robots understand photos and videos according to the text? A．ChatGPT. B．LLMs. C．Visual AI. 3．What does the underlined word “sensors” mean? A．Parts to help robots think. B．Parts to help robots see, hear, and feel. C．Parts to make robots move easily. 4．What can we learn from the passage about human-like robots? A．There is a growing market for them. B．They will finally replace human workers. C．Heavy materials would make them strong. 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 【语篇解读】本文介绍了如今类人机器人表现出色，原因在于人工智能的发展，大语言模型和视觉人工智能等技术助力其思考与理解，新材料和传感器等让其行动更自如，且类人机器人市场前景广阔。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“The secret lies in AI. Since 2022, big progress in AI has made robots much better.”可知，自2022年以来，人工智能的巨大进步使机器人变得更好。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Visual AI helps robots understand what they see in photos and videos.”可知，视觉人工智能帮助机器人理解照片和视频中的内容。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Sensors let them see, hear, and feel their environment, while engines help them move easily.”可知，“sensors” 是让机器人能够看、听和感知环境的部件。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Now, human-like robots are becoming more and more popular. The market for these robots could be worth 276.9 billion yuan by 2035.”可知，类人机器人越来越受欢迎，市场在不断扩大。故选A。 （十九） （2025年湖南省娄底市联考中考二模） January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company (科技公司) named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can solve math problems, write code (代码), and answer questions like top models (模型) such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. The team spent only $5.58 million (1/70 of OpenAI’s cost) and used 2,048 computer chips (芯片) for two months to make it. This shows that good ideas can beat big money. DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice math. Other AIs need lots of prepared examples, but R1 improves by itself. In a global (全球的) math test, it got 79.8% right, a little higher than OpenAI’s model. A simple version (版本) of R1 can even run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. DeepSeek-R1 is free to use and change. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide started projects (启动项目) to study it. A German scientist said experiments with R1 cost $10 instead of $300 with other AIs. Even Meta (a famous U. S. tech company) top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” U. S. tech companies are worried. Meta planned to spend $65 billion more on AI research. Experts said China was catching up fast. A report in Nature magazine called R1 a “big step forward”. As a DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” With R1, China shows the world that great things come from new ideas and hard work, not just money. 1．How much did it cost to build DeepSeek-R1? A．$5.58 million. B．$65 billion. C．$10. 2．What can we learn about DeepSeek-R1 from paragraph 2. A．It needs programmers to fix mistakes. B．It becomes better through practice. C．It copies answers from other AIs. 3．Why did Meta plan to spend more money on AI research? A．To help Chinese companies. B．To build more computer chips. C．To compete (竞争) with DeepSeek-R1. 4．Where is the passage may be found? A．A guidebook. B．A science magazine. C．A storybook. 【参考答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了中国科技公司DeepSeek研发的一款新的人工智能模型DeepSeek-R1，该模型能以较低的成本完成与顶级模型相似的任务，并受到了广泛关注和好评。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The team spent only $5.58 million (1/70 of OpenAI’s cost) and used 2,048 computer chips  for two months to make it.”可知，制造DeepSeek-R1花费了558万美元。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice math.”可知，DeepSeek-R1通过实践变得更好。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“U. S. tech companies are worried. Meta planed to spend $65 billion more on AI research. Experts said China was catching up fast.”可知，Meta计划再投入更多钱用于人工智能研究是为了与DeepSeek-R1竞争。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据开篇“January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1.”以及全文可知，本文主要介绍了中国科技公司DeepSeek研发的一款新的人工智能模型DeepSeek-R1。所以结合选项可知，应该可以在科学杂志上找到这篇文章。故选B。 （二十） （2025年湖南省永州市宁远县中考二模） In the next few years, hundreds of millions of Chinese people will enter old age while the birth rate (率) is dropping fast. Since 2016, the newly-born population had decreased for seven years. This is a big warning for China. As fewer babies are born, there will be fewer young people to work and support society. Experts say that if nothing is done, it will seriously affect the economy (经济), healthcare (医疗), and social welfare (福利). For the economy, there might not be enough workers to keep factories running and businesses growing. In healthcare, more elderly people mean more needs for medical services, which could cause stress to hospitals. And for social welfare, there will be more people needing pensions (养老金) and other benefits, but it will be hard to keep the current level of welfare, because fewer young workers will contribute to it. China’s retirement (退休) age hadn’t been raised for many years, Now, top officials have decided to gradually raise it. For men workers, it will increase from 60 to 63. For women workers, it will rise from 50 or 55 to 55 and 58, depending on the job. This change meets the needs of the modern workforce. People live longer and healthier, and many jobs need less physical strength. Also, workers and bosses can reach an agreement to put off retirement even later. These new rules started on January 1, 2025. They’re important for China’s future as they help deal with the aging population problem and keep the country developing better. 1．Why is the retirement age raised? A．Because people want more pensions. B．Because the current retirement age is too low. C．Because the aging population causes problems in many ways. 2．How many years has the retirement age for men workers been raised according to the new policy? A．2 years. B．3 years. C．4 years. 3．The underlined word “current” in the second paragraph means “______” in Chinese. A．简单的 B．现在的 C．下降的 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China’s population is dropping quickly. B．The pension system in China needs to be improved. C．China is raising the retirement age to deal with the aging population. 【参考答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述中国因人口老龄化和出生率下降，通过提高退休年龄来应对经济、医疗和社会福利等方面的挑战。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Experts say…social welfare”及第三段“China’s retirement age…to gradually raise it”可知，老龄化问题导致经济、医疗和福利压力，因此需提高退休年龄。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For men workers, it will increase from 60 to 63”可知，男性退休年龄从60岁提高到63岁，增加了3年。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“it will be hard to keep the current level of welfare”上下文推断，“current”指“当前的”福利水平。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。全文围绕老龄化问题及提高退休年龄的政策展开，选项C“中国通过提高退休年龄应对老龄化”概括最全面。故选C。 （二十一） （2025年湖南省长沙市雅礼集团中考二模） Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even chosen to live in China for its culture. Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature. Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction. Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the world,” he said. Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them. What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people? It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country. 1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture? A．He has created many famous Chinese poems. B．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles. C．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English. 2．As to Chinese culture, what is Timur Kuvatov interested in? A．Kung fu. B．Paintings. C．Lacquer creation. 3．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent? A．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad. B．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. C．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live in. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．New look of traditional Chinese culture. B．Charm of Chinese culture in foreigners’ eyes. C．Development of Chinese culture in the West. 【参考答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 【语篇解读】本文通过介绍几位外国人对中国文化的热爱与追求，展现了中国文化的魅力与吸引力。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies”可知，Brandon已经把《红楼梦》读了三遍，把它的大部分诗歌、歌曲、灯谜和对话翻译成了英文。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan.”可知，Timur Kuvatov喜欢中国功夫。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“A growing number of foreigners have even chosen to live in China for its culture.”可知，文章举例是为了体现中华文化在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。故选B。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过介绍几位外国人对中国文化的热爱与追求，体现了中华文化在世界范围内的魅力与吸引力，因此B项“外国人眼中的中国文化魅力”最适合做本文的标题。故选B。 2、 人与自然 （二十二） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） The earth is 4.6 billion years old. We humans have lived on the earth for only 35 000 years, but during this period, we have changed our planet a lot in many ways. Some things we have done are very good for the earth while others are bad. All over the world, people have cut down millions of trees. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. Forests have become deserts, so many kinds of animals and plants are disappearing. In big cities, cars and buses have polluted the air. Now many people in cities have health problems. Factories have also polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead. Around the earth, there’s a special kind of oxygen called “ozone”(O3). It is important to the earth. But now air pollution is destroying it and making a very big hole in the ozone layer. Too much harmful radiation (辐射) from the sun passes through the hole and reaches the earth directly. This is very dangerous because this kind of radiation can cause cancer. Carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air has increased a lot. It mainly comes from burning oil, coal and wood. This has formed a blanket around the earth. The heat from the sun can’t escape so the temperature is rising. This is called “the greenhouse effect”. It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change. All these problems are very serious, so we must do something now. 1．How long have humans lived on the earth according to the text? A．4.6 billion years. B．35,000 years. C．1 million years. 2．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．CO2. B．O3. C．O2. 3．This passage is most likely from ________. A．a science magazine. B．a history textbook. C．a travel guide. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Environment Problems. B．Pollution on the Earth. C．The Greenhouse Effect. 【参考答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 【语篇解读】本文讲述了人类活动给地球带来砍伐树木、污染空气等环境问题，需采取行动应对。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“We humans have lived on the earth for only 35 000 years”可知人类在地球上生活了35000年，故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“a special kind of oxygen called ‘ozone’ (O3). It is important to the earth.”可知，“it” 指代前文中的 “ozone (O3)”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章围绕地球环境问题展开，涉及科学概念（如臭氧层、温室效应）和数据，属于科学普及内容，符合科学杂志的主题。故选A。 4．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了人类活动给地球带来砍伐树木、污染空气等环境问题，故选A。 （二十三） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry’ people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories                    ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people          ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ 2．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. 3．Which is the right structure of the passage?(①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, ……) A． B． C． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【来源】2025年湖南省长沙市一中教育集团中考二模英语试题 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫦娥一号、“玉兔号”月球车、“墨子号” 空间量子科学实验卫星等与中国古代传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对太空技术的深远影响。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，太空科学家给卫星命名时受到古老的故事以及古代著名人物的启发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time.”可知，在第四段中，作者通过举例子来支持自己的观点。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍文章主题，太空技术与古代传统文化有关系；第二、三、四段分别从中国传统故事以及古代著名人物方面介绍；最后一段总结全文。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”和全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了中国太空技术与传统文化之间的渊源，表明了我国传统文化对太空技术的深远影响。故选A。 （二十四） （2025年湖南省衡阳市第十七中学中考二模） Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you can often see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects we see? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small, colorful egg on a leaf of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in just a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar (幼虫). It has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing bigger, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹) stage”. After some time, the blanket breaks open, and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with fluid (体液), and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．Butterflies have colorful wings and are good at flying. B．Butterflies have small bodies and weak wings. C．Butterflies have no legs and cannot fly. 2．What is the CORRECT order of a butterfly’s life cycle? A．An adult butterfly→A pupa→An egg→A caterpillar. B．An egg→A pupa→A caterpillar→An adult butterfly. C．An egg→A caterpillar→A pupa→An adult butterfly. 3．What’s the structure of this passage? (P1=Paragraph1, P2=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． 4．Which Chinese phrase can best describe the butterfly’s development? A．居安思危 B．破茧成蝶 C．闻鸡起舞 【参考答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文介绍了蝴蝶从卵到成虫的完整生命周期及其自然奇迹。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills.”可知，蝴蝶拥有色彩斑斓的翅膀和强大的飞行能力。选项A“蝴蝶有彩色的翅膀且擅长飞行”与此一致。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small, colorful egg on a leaf of a plant.”可知，周期开始是雌性蝴蝶产卵；根据第三段“the egg will become something completely different in just a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar (幼虫).”可知，卵变成幼虫；根据第四段“the caterpillar makes a cover for itself...This stage is known as the ‘pupa (蛹) stage’.”可知，幼虫变成蛹；根据第五段“After some time, the blanket breaks open, and a wet, weak butterfly appears.”可知，保护层破了后，变成了蝴蝶。故选C。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章结构为：P1引入蝴蝶的特点→P2-5分阶段说明其生命周期（卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫）→P6总结自然奇迹。选项A的图示（总分总结构）最贴合。故选A。 4．推理判断题。通读第五段可知，此段详细描述了蝴蝶从蛹中破壳而出的过程。选项B“破茧成蝶”精准概括了这一过程。故选B。 （二十五） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） Do you know kiwi, a kind of fruit? Its Chinese name is mihoutao. Can you guess what “the running kiwi” is? It is a bird and it lives only in New Zealand. Its sound is like “kee…wee…”, so people name it kiwi (鹬鸵). It is as big as a chicken. Its mouth is long and its eyes are very small. It has two feet and each foot has four toes. It has hair on its body, but it doesn’t have any feathers (羽毛) like other birds. So it can’t fly at all. The kiwi has a rather slow-moving lifestyle. This is mainly because of its special physical features and the environment it lives in. With its small eyes, short and stout legs, which are more suitable for slow movements. Also, the thick vegetation (植被) in its native New Zealand forests doesn’t require it to move quickly. A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps in the tree holes all day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It always comes out for food at night. It can’t see well but it can smell things with its nose. It is the only bird that can smell things very well. The kiwi’s eggs are very big. Now Kiwis are threatened often by human activity. People may never see them again so they can't kill kiwis any more. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live. There is a picture of a kiwi on New Zealand money. Sometimes we call people from New Zealand kiwis. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the kiwi according to Paragraph 3? A．It can look for food all day. B．It often sleeps in the trees. C．It does well in smelling things. 3．What can the kiwi be from the passage? ①A bird. ②Money. ③A kind of fruit. ④A New Zealander. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ 4．The underlined word “threatened” in Paragraph 3 means _______. A．refused B．harmed C．stopped 【参考答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了新西兰一种奇特的鸟——kiwi的体貌特征和生活习性。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Do you know kiwi, a kind of fruit?”可知是通过问问题开篇的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“It can’t see well but it can smell things with its nose. It is the only bird that can smell things very well.”可知kiwi嗅觉非常灵敏。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Do you know kiwi, a kind of fruit”可知kiwi是一种水果；根据“It is a bird and it lives only in New Zealand”可知kiwi也是一种鸟；根据“Sometimes we call people from New Zealand kiwis.”可知有时称新西兰人为kiwis。故选C。 4．词义猜测题。根据“Now Kiwis are threatened often by human activity. People may never see them again so they can’t kill kiwis any more”可知人们可能再也见不到它们了，因为它们受到人类活动的威胁，故此处划线部分意为“威胁”，和选项B意义相近。故选B。 （二十六） （2025年湖南省永州市宁远县中考二模） Hua Hua, a beloved giant panda, lives at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. She was born in 2020 and has won the hearts of people all over the world with her cute appearance and gentle personality. Hua Hua is easy to recognize. She’s smaller and has a rounder face compared to other pandas, which makes her look like a living, furry teddy bear. Her fur is as soft as cotton, with black patches (斑块) around her eyes, ears, and legs. And when she walks, her short legs move slowly, looking extremely cute. Hua Hua is a gentle and friendly panda. She loves to spend her time eating bamboo, which is her favorite food. When the keepers bring fresh bamboo, Hua Hua holds her bamboo stick gently, taking small bites. Sometimes, other pandas get closer and reach out to take her bamboo. Instead of getting angry, she looks a bit surprised at first. Then, she slowly lets go of the bamboo. Her round eyes seem to be saying, “It’s okay, you can have it.” After that, she just sits there calmly, waiting for the keeper to bring her more bamboo or just watching other pandas enjoy the snack. Her gentle nature makes her very popular among the visitors, and people often line up to see her. Millions of people around the world follow Hua Hua’s life through online videos. Her cute actions, like struggling to climb a tree or rolling around on the ground, bring people so much joy. Hua Hua not only makes us fall in love with pandas but also makes us more aware of the importance of protecting these precious animals. 1．Why do people easily notice Hua Hua among pandas? A．She is the only panda with black patches. B．Her small size and round face make her stand out. C．She is always the most active one. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Hua Hua’s fur is black all over with white patches around her eyes. B．When other pandas take her bamboo, Hua Hua gets angry and bites them. C．Many people around the world follow Hua Hua’s life through online videos. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Life of Giant Pandas at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding B．How to Protect Precious Giant Pandas C．Hua Hua: The Beloved and Cute Panda Star 4．In which part of a magazine can we find this article? A．Science. B．Nature. C．Sports. 【参考答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文介绍了成都大熊猫繁育研究基地的大熊猫“花花”，描述了她的外貌特征、温顺性格以及全球范围内的受欢迎程度，并强调了她对提高人们保护熊猫意识的作用。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Hua Hua is easy to recognize. She’s smaller and has a rounder face compared to other pandas, which makes her look like a living, furry teddy bear.”可知，花花的小身材和圆脸使她很引人注目。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Millions of people around the world follow Hua Hua’s life through online videos.”可知，世界各地数以百万计的人通过网络视频关注花花的生活。故选C。 3．最佳标题题。全文围绕花花的可爱形象、性格及影响力展开，选项C突出其“受喜爱的熊猫明星”身份，作为标题最合适。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章内容属于动物介绍，最可能出现在“自然”类杂志。故选B。 （二十七） （2025年湖南省长沙市雅礼集团中考二模） All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗涤池) and toilets (坐便器) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH₂ in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U. S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect the plants. 3．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. 【参考答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的概念、特点等。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment.”可知，绿色建筑是以对环境无害的方式设计的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light.”可知，建筑师利用自然光来设计建筑物是为了节约能源。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗涤池) and toilets (坐便器) that conserve water.”可知，厨房和浴室的洗涤池和坐便器是可以节约用水的，所以划线部分的含义是“节约”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“An office building called CH2 in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power.”、 “A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power.”、“ The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U.S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge ‘living roof’ of plants.”以及“A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! ”可知，作者通过举例支持第三段的主旨。故选B。 （二十八） （2025年湖南省娄底市涟源市中考二模） Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world. Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人紧张的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (滥伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud. More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保护区) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there. When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life. Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和谐) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it. 1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense? A．Humans have heard the cries of nature. B．Humans have done great harm to the environment. C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival. 2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________. A．create a forest in the desert B．build a large nature reserve there C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes 3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means  ________ in Chinese. A．奖赏 B．酬谢 C．回报 4．Where does the text probably come from? A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine. 【参考答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文通过描述人与自然的关系，告诉我们要采取措施保护环境，与自然和谐相处。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity.”可知，人类对环境造成了很大的危害，包括污染、过度捕捞、滥伐森林等，因此人类与自然关系紧张。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there.”可知，他们目的是创造一片森林。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life.”可知，当人类保护自然时，自然以蓝天、青山、清洁空气等作为回报，因此rewards意为“回报”。故选C。 4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕人类与自然的互动及环保主题展开，最可能来自自然杂志。故选B。 3、 人与自我 （二十九） （2025年湖南省长沙市湖南师大附中植基中学中考二模） If you’re a fan of classic soul music, the word “respect” might quickly bring to mind Aretha Franklin singing loudly, “R-E-S-P-E-C-T, find out what it means to me!” But what exactly is respect? How can you show it? And how do you earn it? Respect often means different things to different people. There are several aspects that many people can agree on, though. For example, at its most basic level, respect means being kind and thoughtful to others. Respect is important because it sets the proper stage for all our human interactions (人际交往). Friendship, love and even basic communication must all start with respect. Everyone wants to be respected. To earn and deserve respect, though, you must also show respect to others. It’s always a two-way street. You can’t be disrespectful to others and expect respect in return. Respect can take many forms, such as not making fun of others and putting yourself in other people’s shoes and thinking about how they feel. In short, observe the Golden Rule: treat others the way you want to be treated. It’s easy to show respect. Be polite. Look for the best in people rather than focusing on their faults. Make others comfortable when they’re nervous. Help out whenever you can. When you pay it forward, amazing things can happen. However, not everyone will show you respect all the time. In fact, you’ll probably see examples of disrespectful behaviour each and every day. How you respond to disrespectful behaviour, though, can make a huge difference. If you choose to respond to disrespectful behaviour by acting disrespectfully yourself, you’ll gain nothing. You’ll only continue the pattern of disrespectful behaviour and set a bad example. Instead, act respectfully and set a good example. Consistently (一贯地) acting respectfully might just help others learn from your example! 1．What is the main function (功能) of paragraph 1? A．To provide background to the song. B．To give the main idea of the passage. C．To introduce the topic with a famous song. 2．Which of the following questions can paragraph 3 answer? A．What is respect for humans? B．How do people start connections? C．Why does showing respect matter? 3．The underlined word “observe” can be replaced by “________.” A．change B．follow C．break 4．Why did the author write this passage? A．To remind readers to value respect. B．To teach readers to be kind to others. C．To introduce readers to a golden rule. 【参考答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【语篇解读】本文探讨了尊重的含义、重要性及如何赢得尊重，强调尊重在人际交往中的双向性与实践方式。 【详情解析】 1．推理判断题。第一段通过引用艾瑞莎・富兰克林的经典歌曲《Respect》引出 “尊重是什么” 的话题，以歌曲为切入点引入主题。故选C。 2．推理判断题。第三段首句“Respect is important because it sets the proper stage for all our human interactions”直接回答了“为什么尊重很重要”。选项C“为什么表达尊重很重要？”与段落内容对应。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“observe the Golden Rule: treat others the way you want to be treated”可知，此处observe表示“遵守”，与follow“遵守”同义。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。文章围绕尊重的定义、重要性及实践展开，结尾呼吁以尊重回应无礼行为，核心目的是提醒读者重视尊重。选项A“提醒读者重视尊重”符合主旨。故选A。 （三十） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区第十六中学中考二模） If you feel sad, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be good for you. Some scientists at Ohio State University found that sad movies can make people happier. They showed their study in a magazine called Communication Reaches. Scientists asked 361 college students who were not feeling good those days to watch a sad movie. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated (分离的). They died in World War Ⅱ at the end of the move. The college students answered questions from the scientists while they were watching the movie to find out their different feelings, such as sadness. According to the result, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their lives. Compared to those of unlucky lovers, their lives were full of hope. “I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie made me think a lot,” one student wrote. Silvia Knobloch Westerwick, the head of the study, said that bad moods (情绪) would make people more thoughtful. “Good moods are usually a sign that everything is fine. You don’t have to worry, and you don’t have to think about your problems in your life,” she said. “But bad moods make you feel terrible. So, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will make you think more about yourself and be full of hope in the future. ” 1．The writer shows his opinion by ________. A．using pictures B．showing facts C．asking questions 2．What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Lives. B．Feelings. C．Friends. 3．How did the college students’ feelings change? A．happy-scared-sad B．sad-excited-happy C．terrible-lucky-hopeful 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise people to think about others’ lives. B．To tell us sad movies can make us feel better. C．To introduce useful ways to keep good moods. 【参考答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了俄亥俄州立大学的一些科学家进行的一项研究，该研究发现悲伤的电影可能对人们有好处，能让人感觉更快乐。 【详情解析】 1．推理判断题。根据“Scientists asked 361 college students who were not feeling good those days to watch a sad movie...”可知作者通过摆事实来提出自己的观点。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their lives. Compared to those of unlucky lovers, their lives were full of hope.”可知，科学家们认为这是因为电影让人们思考自己的生活，与电影中不幸的恋人相比，他们的生活充满了希望。因此，“those”在这里指的是“lives”，即生活。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“But bad moods make you feel terrible. So, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will make you think more about yourself and be full of hope in the future.”可推断，大学生们的情绪变化是从“terrible”到“lucky”再到“hopeful”。因此。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家们进行的一项研究，该研究发现悲伤的电影可能对人们有好处，能让人感觉更快乐。因此，文章的主要目的是告诉我们悲伤的电影可以让我们感觉更好。故选B。 （三十一） （2025年湖南省娄底市冷水江市中考二模） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers, are facing weight problems. To solve this problem, our country started the “Three-Year Weight Management Action Plan” in March this year. The plan mainly focuses on two main ideas: a balanced diet and regular exercise. A balanced diet is the key to good health. This means eating different kinds of food, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains (谷物), and lean proteins (精益蛋白质), while eating less high-fat, high-sugar and high-salt foods. For example, instead of having fried chicken every day, we can choose grilled chicken, which is much healthier. Vegetables like broccoli (西蓝花) and carrots. We should eat more in our daily meals. Regular exercise is also important. It can help burn calories (卡路里) and make muscles (肌肉) stronger. The plan suggests that teenagers should do exercise for at least 60 minutes every day. Activities such as running, swimming, and playing basketball are great choices. Running can make your hearts healthier. Swimming is good for building muscles, and playing basketball can improve our teamwork skills while exercising our bodies. Schools play an important role in this plan. They have added more healthy eating classes, also, to make sure the students get enough exercise, they had more PE lessons. Some schools even organize health clubs, where students can encourage each other to reach their weight goals. Parents should join in by setting a good example. For example, they can cook healthy meals together with their children or take regular family walk. The Three-Year plan hopes to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits and keep a proper weight. These habits will help them stay healthy for life. 1．What is the main purpose of the “Three-Year Weight Management Action Plan”? A．To teach people how to cook healthy meals. B．To add more physical education classes in schools. C．To solve the weight problem of people, especially teenagers. 2．What does a balanced diet include according to the passage? A．Only fruits and vegetables. B．A lot of high-fat and high-sugar foods. C．Au kinds of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. 3．How long does the plan suggest teenagers exercise daily? A．For about half an hour. B．For at least an hour. C．for less than an hour. 4．What do parents need to do to support the plan? A．Set a good example for children. B．Let children eat junk food freely. C．Stop children from doing exercise. 【参考答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍为了解决近些年青少年的体重问题而开展了“三年体重管理行动计划”，主要集中推荐两大理念：均衡饮食和规律运动。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers, are facing weight problems. To solve this problem, our country started the ‘Three-Year Weight Management Action Plan’ in March this year.”可知，三年体重管理行动计划的目的是为了解决人们特别是青少年的体重问题，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This means eating different kinds of food, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains (谷物) , and lean proteins (精益蛋白质)”可知，平衡饮食包括水果、蔬菜、全谷物和精益蛋白质，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The plan suggests that teenagers should do exercise for at least 60 minutes every day.”可知该计划建议青少年至少日常锻炼一个小时，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Parents should join in by setting a good example.For example, they can cook healthy meals together with their children or take regular family walk.”可知家长通过树立好榜样来支持计划，故选A。 （三十二） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区京华中学中考二模） Recently, China is taking important steps to help people manage their weight and fight against obesity (肥胖). As we know, obesity can lead to serious health problems such as diabetes (糖尿病) and heart diseases. What is obesity? Firstly, we need to know about BMI, short for Body Mass Index (体重指数). For adults, a healthy BMI falls between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are considered overweight; if it is 28 or higher, that means you have the problem of obesity. Here is how you can calculate (计算) your BMI: divide your weight in kilos twice by your height in metres. For example, if a girl weighs 64 kilos, and she is 1.62 metres tall, then her BMI is 64 divided by 1.62 and then divided by 1.62 again, which is about 24.39. So you see, weight is the key to your BMI. Then, how can we manage our weight? Eating right plays a key part, and exercise matters just as much! Eat healthy food like brown rice, fresh vegetables and fish or chicken. Stay away from fried foods and sugary snacks. Do exercise like walking, cycling or dancing for 150 to 300 minutes each week. And make sure to stand up and exercise for 3 to 5 minutes every hour while you need to sit for a long time. Let’s take action now. Simply start with small changes, like getting off the sofa or taking the stairs instead of the lift. With these steps, everyone can build a healthier future. 1．Which of the following is considered to have the problem of obesity? A．Sam with a BMI of 20. B．Betty with a BMI of 22. C．Cindy with a BMI of 29. 2．Which of the following Chinese sentences best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．步行是法宝，健身抗衰老。 B．管住嘴，迈开腿。 C．有静有动，无病无痛。 3．In which column (专栏) of a newspaper will you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travel. C．Health. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people how to lose weight. B．To call on people to manage their weight. C．To show some serious health problems that people face. 【参考答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【语篇解读】本文围绕中国助力民众管理体重、对抗肥胖展开，介绍了肥胖的定义（通过 BMI 界定）、BMI 的计算方式以及管理体重的方法，旨在呼吁人们关注体重管理。 【详情解析】 1．推理判断题。根据“If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are considered overweight; if it is 28 or higher, that means you have the problem of obesity.”可知，如果你的 BMI是28或者更高，就意味着你有肥胖问题。故选C。 2．主旨大意题。根据“Eating right plays a key part, and exercise matters just as much! ... Do exercise like walking, cycling or dancing for 150 to 300 minutes each week.”可知，本段主要讲述讲“合理饮食”（管住嘴）和 “坚持运动”（迈开腿）。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“obesity can lead to serious health problems”以及“manage our weight”可知，全文围绕肥胖、健康管理展开，属于健康话题。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据“Let’s take action now. Simply start with small changes...”可知，结尾直接呼吁读者采取行动管理体重。故选B。 （三十三） （2025年湖南省郴州市中考二模） Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time? Well, there’s a reason for that! It has to do with your personality (性格). Psychologists (心理学家) say there are two main kinds of people: E-people and I-people. Let me tell you what they’re like. E-people love being around with other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities. For them, happiness is all about sharing laughs, stories, and exciting things with others. I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching the movies. They don’t need a lot of people around to feel good. They just need themselves and their favorite activities. But here’s the cool thing: neither way is better! Both E-people and I-people can be happy, as long as they do what they enjoy. It’s like finding your favorite taste of ice cream—some people love chocolate, while others love strawberry. Both are great, but it depends on what you like. The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy. Life is about finding what works for you and enjoying every minute. After all, happiness is like a jigsaw (拼图)—each piece is different, but when they fit together, they make your life complete. So, go and enjoy your happiness, whether it’s with friends or by yourself. Be yourself! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. 2．What does the underlined word “energized” mean in paragraph 3? A．枯燥乏味的 B．精疲力尽的 C．精力充沛的 3．What can we know about I-people from paragraph 4? A．They like sharing with others. B．They enjoy reading by themselves. C．They need a lot of people around. 4．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To tell people which personality is better. B．To explain why people have different personalities. C．To encourage people to accept themselves and be themselves. 【参考答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了两种不同性格的人：E-people和I-people，并鼓励人们接受自己，做自己。 【详情解析】 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time?”可知，作者通过提问的方式引入话题。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“E-people love being around with other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities.”可知，E-people在与朋友在一起、参加聚会或进行有趣的团体活动时会感到精力充沛，可推测出“energized”意为“精力充沛的”。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching the movies.”可知，I-people喜欢独处时阅读。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy. Life is about finding what works for you and enjoying every minute.”可知，文章的主要目的是鼓励人们接受自己，做自己。故选C。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 阅读理解之说明文 一、人与社会 （一） （2025年湖南省长沙市明德天心中学中考二模） Have you ever joyfully stepped out to your garden, freshly enjoyed coffee in hand, only to find your cared-for plants dying? Was the earth too dry? Did insects find their way in? Faced with this, some gardeners wish plants could tell them what they need. A new UK project is testing this idea. Next year, an AI-Garden in England will be shown off. It uses an AI model to monitor the garden’s environment and tell gardeners when plants needs care. Gardeners can ask it questions and it might reply with phrases like “I need a bit more water.” or “I could use a haircut.” This magical AI-Garden was created by an AI company called Avende and Microsoft! When it’s ready, there will be smart sensors (传感器) hidden around the garden, like plant “health recorder”. These sensors check soil conditions and can predict things like strong winds or rainstorms. The data they collect is sent to a special “digital brain” (an AI model) in a small glass building at the back of the garden. Just like a super gardener, this AI model analyzes the information and then tell gardeners the best time to fertilize (施肥), water, or cut the plants, keeping plant happy and healthy! Despite (尽管) the challenges ahead, I’m confident that as this AI-Garden keeps improving, it will become a great helper for every gardener. It’s bringing us closer to a future where taking care of gardens is easier and more fun with the help of technology. 1．How does the writer lead to the topic in the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By asking questions. 2．What does the underlined word “monitor” in Para.2 mean? A．监测 B．威胁 C．利用 3．Which is the job of the sensors in the AI-Garden? A．They check the condition of the soil and predict things. B．They analyze the data. C．They tell gardeners the best time for gardening. 4．What is the writer’s attitude towards the AI-Garden? A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Unclear. （二） （2025年湖南省长沙市明德天心中学中考二模） Although many years have passed, I clearly remember the first day of my high school. As I sat down on my bed, the wooden bed board was broken in half. A wave of embarrassment (尴尬) washed over me as my roommates looked at me in shock. I might have thought about the poor quality of the bed, but there was no doubt that I was too heavy. I always ate too much because of the hunger. New research finds that not getting enough protein (蛋白质) can make people overeat. Researchers from the University of Sydney carried out a careful study. They closely followed the eating habits of almost 10,000 Australians from different age groups for one year. The results were quite clear: people eat to meet their protein requirements. When the food they eat is low in protein, they end up eating far more, a phenomenon (现象) known as “protein hunger”. People with “protein hunger” will eat more than people who eat protein-rich food. For example, a person who has a breakfast low in protein, like just a piece of white bread, will likely feel hungry soon. As a result, they eat more snacks that day, and choose fewer healthy foods. But people who eat a protein-rich breakfast such as eggs, Greek yogurt, or meat usually feel full for longer and eat less in all. Protein is especially important for our bodies. It helps our body fight diseases. To increase more protein, animal-based proteins like fish, chicken, and meat are excellent, but plant-based foods like tofu, beans, peanut butter, and whole grains (谷物) are also great choices. 1．According to the research, why do people overeat? A．Because they don’t get enough protein. B．Because they don’t want to waste food. C．Because they love the taste of snacks. 2．Which of the following food can help people feel full for longer? A．Potato chips. B．Greek yogurt. C．A piece of white bread. 3．What can we infer from the passage? A．The writer may always cat protein-rich food in middle school. B．People who always cat low-protein food will develop bad eating habits. C．Animal-based proteins are better than plant-based proteins. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．“Protein hunger” can cause overeating. B．A good breakfast makes you healthy. C．A childhood story causes embarrassment. （三） （2025年湖南省岳阳市岳阳县中考二模） Artificial intelligence (AI) has become an important tool in education. One example is Deepseek, a smart learning platform (平台) that uses AI to help students study better. First of all, Deepseek can provide personalized suggestions according to students’ learning habits. For example, if a student is weak in math, Deepseek will give more math exercises and simply explain difficult problems. Another advantage of Deepseek is its ability to save time. It can quickly find useful resources, such as videos, articles and pictures, based on the students’ needs. This means students don’t have to spend hours searching for materials online. Instead, they can focus on learning. What’s more, Deepseek can show students’ progress. It records how much they have improved and shows areas where they need to work harder. This helps students set clear goals and stay active. However, some people worry that AI might take the place of teachers in the future. Other people think AI is here to support. Teachers can use tools like Deepseek to understand their students better and offer more help. All in all, Deepseek is a powerful tool that can make learning more efficient (有效率的) and enjoyable. By using it wisely, students can get better grades in less time. 1．What can Deepseek do to help students who have math problems? A．It can take the place of their math teachers. B．It can give them more exercises and explain difficult problems. C．It can search for videos, articles and pictures online. 2．What does the word “personalized” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．全面的 B．实用的 C．个性化 3．What can we learn from the passage about AI in education? A．AI can help teachers understand students better. B．AI is only used to find online resources. C．AI will completely take the place of teachers in the future. 4．Which of the following is the structure of this passage? A． B． C． （四） （2025年湖南省长沙市一中新华都学校中考二模） Does using fingers to count show that a student is having trouble with math? Some educators believe so, thinking it’s a sign of difficulty in understanding numbers. But others have a different view. They believe finger counting actually shows a deeper understanding of numbers. Recent research has shown that teaching kids to count on their fingers can improve their math skills. Scientists from Switzerland and France explored the influence of finger counting on children. They carried out a study with children who didn’t usually count on their fingers. They wanted to find out whether it would help them in math. The study involved 328 kindergarten children in France. Before the study began, the children were tested to see how well they could solve some simple addition (加法) problems. Then, the children were divided into two groups. One group took part in a two-week training program where they learned to count on their fingers. After the training, they were tested again. The results were amazing! The percentage of their correct answers increased from 37% to 77%. This was a much bigger jump than the group that didn’t receive the training. Dr. Catherine Thevenot, who led the study, explained the significance of the study, “Over 75% of the kindergartners improved with the training. We provide a clear answer to whether teachers should encourage finger counting. Future research will focus on supporting the remaining kindergarteners who didn’t make progress.” This research started because some teachers weren’t sure if finger counting was worth teaching. The findings of this study show that it certainly is. Finger counting not only helps children with their math but also shows that they understand numbers more deeply. This method prepares young learners to become better at math as they grow older. 1．What was the main purpose of the research by the Swiss and French teams? A．To find out how many students count on their fingers. B．To see if finger counting helps children with math. C．To compare different teaching methods for math. 2．How was the study on finger counting carried out? A．By comparing finger counting in different countries. B．By asking adults’ opinions on children’s math skills. C．By testing kindergarten children before and after training. 3．The underlined word “significance” probably means “________”. A．importance B．disadvantage C．background 4．What’s the main idea of the passage? A．Finger counting gets popular with schoolchildren. B．Finger counting is a useful way for young learners. C．It’s difficult for students to learn to count on fingers. （五） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） Among many amazing animals in the world, few are as strange and unusual as the octopus (章鱼). There are around 300 different kinds of octopuses, and they come in all sizes! The smallest is only around 2.5 centimetres long, but some octopuses can grow up to more than five metres long. There was even an octopus over nine metres long! The octopus’s body is very interesting. All octopuses have eight arms. Their brain is not just in their head but also in their arms. This helps them to think about and do more than one thing at once. Octopuses can also fit into small places because they do not have any bones (骨头). And did you know that octopuses have three hearts? These hearts work with different parts of the body. Octopuses can also do many amazing things. Most of them can change their colour and shape to look like plants or other sea animals, and they can also make ink (墨水). They keep it inside a very small bag in their body. When they produce ink, the ink makes it hard for other animals to see them. This helps the octopuses to get away fast. What’s more, when an octopus loses an arm, it can grow it back! Studying amazing animals like the octopus is important because we can learn a lot from them. But they also show us how wonderful nature is and why it is important to protect it. 1．How many kinds of octopuses are there in the world? A．Nearly 100. B．Around 200. C．About 300. 2．Why can octopuses fit into small places? A．They have very short arms. B．Their hearts are very small. C．They do not have any bones. 3．What do octopuses use ink for? A．To attack other animals. B．To help them hide or escape. C．To communicate with friends. 4．What happens if an octopus loses an arm? A．It will die immediately. B．It becomes weaker forever. C．It can grow a new one. （六） （2025年湖南省永州市祁阳市中考二模） In the ocean world, there is a kind of amazing fish called the angelfish (神仙鱼). It can change from female (雌性的) to male (雄性的). The change happens for an exact reason. The angelfish live in groups. Each group has one male fish, which is blue in colour, and four female fish, which are yellow in colour. The male angelfish is the strongest and largest member of the group. He is the one who protects and looks after the females and acts like their “safety guard”. When the male dies, the group needs a “safety guard”. This is when the largest female, fish in the group begins to change its appearance. She begins to grow larger. After a week, her body starts change from yellow to blue. Slowly, her behaviour towards the females changes. She begins behaving like a male. Two weeks later, black stripes (条纹) appear on her body. This shows that the change is complete. She is now completely male and ready to be the guard! The angelfish are among the most brightly coloured fish of the sea. You can also see them in home aquaria. People prefer to keep them because of the interesting patterns on them. These patterns help them to hide from enemies. Often, the young ones are differently coloured than the adults. They can be found in the fresh waters of South America and, in warm seas coral reefs (珊瑚礁) and can grow up to a length of 17 inches. Their diet are mainly sponge and algae. 1．Who acts as the “safety guard” in an angelfish group? A．The male angelfish. B．The largest female angelfish. C．The oldest angelfish in the group. 2．What does the underlined word aquaria in paragraph 4 mean? A．An enemy for most fish kept at home. B．A glass box that is used to keep fish. C．An interesting pattern for fish. 3．Which of the following is TRUE? A．There are usually five angelfish in a fish group. B．The coral reefs can grow up to a length of 17 inches. C．Angelfish can change from female to male whenever they like. 4．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a travel magazine. B．In a health magazine. C．In a science magazine. （七） （2025年湖南省衡阳市第十七中学中考二模） On January 28th, 2025, a special performance called Yang BOT amazed audiences (观众) at the CCTV Spring Festival Gala, China’s most-watched TV show. Directed by a famous Chinese filmmaker, the show combined (结合) traditional Chinese yangko dance with modern robot technology. In the performance, humanoid robots (robots shaped like humans) dressed in colorful costumes danced yangko, a joyful folk dance from northern China that is often seen during festivals. They spun (旋转) handkerchiefs effortlessly and formed creative group patterns. These robots were developed by Unitree (宇树科技), a Chinese robotics company. This wasn’t Unitree’s first success—in 2021, their robot cows named “Ben Ben (犇犇)” danced as backup for singer Andy Lau. The robots learned dance moves through AI and used laser navigation (激光导航) to move safely on the uneven stage. Their strong joints (结合处) helped them balance perfectly during fast steps. The filmmaker explained, “This dance isn’t just fun—it shows how technology can bring new life to traditions.” Thanks to these innovations, the robots won the hearts of millions. On social media, topics like “Robot Yangko” trended quickly. Young viewers called it “cool”, while older audiences loved its humor and festive spirit. The Yang BOT program is a perfect mix of China’s technological progress and cultural pride. As one fan said, “It’s like watching the future and the past dance together!” 1．Which is TRUE about the performance called Yang BOT? A．It was directed by a foreign filmmaker. B．It was the first time robots had appeared at the Gala. C．It combined traditional dance with robot technology. 2．What could the humanoid robots do in the performance? A．They could take the place of human dancers completely. B．They could spin handkerchiefs and form patterns. C．They could learn to dance by themselves. 3．What does the underlined word “innovations” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．服装 B．创新 C．传统 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．It’s about the Yang BOT program. B．It’s about the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. C．It’s about the first robots that can dance. （八） （2025年湖南省常德市鼎城区中考二模） Have you ever wished you could talk to the “you” from the future? Well, now a new AI project called Future You is trying to make that happen. First, Future You uses AI to ask you questions about who you are, what your life is like now,and what you want to do in the future. Then it collects all the information and creates a picture of you when you're 60 years old. So you can ask this“future you” questions and get advice for what's to come. Future You can even show you a picture of what you might look like at 60. A scientist said,“The system makes the pretend version (虚拟版本) really seem like the real deal. Future You is a lot more detailed (详细的) than just thinking about your future self in your head.” The website of Future You says it’s meant to help you think more about the long term by making you feel more connected to your future self. If you feel more tied to that future you, you're more likely to make good choices for your future, like with money, school, or your health. Scientists tested Future You on 344 people. The ones who talked to Future You for 10 to 30 minutes felt less worried and more motivated about the unknown future. But Future You isn’t perfect. A professor said, “We don’t know if people actually did anything different or changed how they act because they talked to their future self.” Also, the AI can only show one possible future, not different ones. In the end, as an article in Forbes (《福布斯》) said, “It’s all just pretend.” So we can’t believe everything Future You says as if it’s completely true. 1．What does Future You do first? A．It shows users a picture of their future. B．It collects users’ information and future plans. C．It asks users questions about their past experiences. 2．What does the underlined word “motivated” mean in Paragraph 4? A．有动力的 B．焦虑的 C．困惑的 3．Which of the following statement (陈述) does the writer probably agree with? A．Everything Future You says is completely true. B．Future You is only a pretend version, so it’s useless. C．Future You makes it possible for you to talk to your future self. 4．Which of the following could be the best title for the passage? A．AI: A Perfect Tool to Know your Life B．Forbes: A New Way to See the Project C．Future You: A New Way to See the Future （九） （2025年湖南省长沙市青竹湖湘一外国语学校中考二模） ① Every one of us falls ill sometimes. If we’re lucky, there are medicines to help us get better soon. Sometimes, however, there may not be a medicine for our illness. Then scientists must work to make a new one. ② To create a new medicine, scientists start by looking through molecule (分子) “banks”. Molecules are like tiny building blocks of the world. They make up everything around us, from air and water to our food and medicines. These “banks” store millions of molecules. But which of them can help make the new medicine? Scientists need to do a lot of work to find the right ones. Sometimes, they need to change the molecules’ shapes to make them safer and work better. ③ Next, scientists test the molecules on living cells (细胞) and animals. These tests help them choose the best molecules. They also decide if they will take the form of a pill, a capsule (胶囊) or an injection (针剂). ④ Finally, scientists test their medicine on people in three steps. First, they ask 20 to 100 healthy volunteers to take the medicine for a few weeks or months. This helps make sure the medicine is safe and doesn’t cause bad side effects. Scientists also find out how much medicine should be taken. Second, they test the medicine in 100 to 500 patients. The patients are divided into two groups. One group gets the real medicine. The other gets a harmless fake pill called a placebo (安慰剂). This step will tell scientists if the new medicine really works. Third, scientists invite 300 to 3,000 patients from around the world to repeat the test. Again, they compare the medicine to a placebo. ⑤ Can a medicine be mass produced (大规模生产) and sold when it passes all these steps? Not yet. More work is needed before the medicine can be given a green light. 1．What do scientists do first when creating a new medicine? A．Testing the medicine on healthy volunteers. B．Searching molecule “banks” for suitable ones. C．Changing molecules’ shapes to make them safer. 2．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Safety checks with volunteers. B．Placebos in medical tests. C．Steps of testing on humans. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientists must study further before the medicine really comes out. B．The hospital can use the new medicine right after it passes all the tests. C．Producing the new medicine needs green lights. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A． B． C． （十） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区第十六中学中考二模） Why is music so important to children? Here are some of my thoughts on the subject. Music has a positive (积极的) effect on young children’s development! New research shows that music has a good influence on young children’s cognitive (认知的) skills, such as spatial reasoning (空间推理) and memory. Research also shows that offering children an interesting environment can support children’s healthy growth and development. Young children enjoy making music with others! Making music with others gives children a wonderful feeling of belonging to the group. Children might have difficulty joining in activities with others because they are shy, have limited language ability or special needs, but they can freely take part in a music activity. Music makes young children happy! Children seem to experience much pleasure and joy when listening to music, making music and dancing to music. Whether they are singing along to a CD, playing an instrument or dancing to music around the classroom, most children seem to thoroughly (彻底地) enjoy participating in a music activity. How wonderful it is to offer children the chance to do some activities about music! 1．New research shows that music can improve young children’s ________ skills. A．cognitive B．reading C．writing 2．Which is one of the reasons that children have difficulty joining in activities with others? A．They don’t know others. B．They want to play games alone. C．They are shy. 3．Which of the following has the same meaning as the underlined phrase “participate in”? A．come in B．arrive at C．take part in 4．What’s the best title for the passage? A．How to Make Music with Others B．The Influence of Music on Young Children C．What Wonderful Music! （十一） （2025年湖南省长沙市立信中学中考二模） In the mountainous areas of Guizhou Province, 1,500 middle school students have recently gotten special backpacks. These bags have solar panels (太阳能电池板) that store energy when children walk to school. The stored energy can power lamps at home for 5 hours, which is a great help for villages where the electricity is often cut off. The project was started in March 2025 by a tech company and the local government. Each backpack costs 200 yuan. Twelve-year-old Li Mei is one of the users. Her family couldn’t afford an electricity machine before. “Now I can do my homework safely at night without worrying about the light going out,” she says. Since using the backpack, her grades have improved by 15%, especially in math and Chinese. The design of the backpack is smart and practical. The solar panels only add 300 grams of weight, but they can store enough energy for daily use. Inside the backpack, there’s a light e-paper device (设备) that holds all the textbooks and notebooks, so students don’t need to carry heavy books anymore. The average weight of the schoolbag has dropped from 4.2 kg to 2.1 kg, making it much easier for students to carry. By September 2025, over 50 more schools in Guizhou will join the project. Similar tests are also happening in Kenya and Peru, where the solar panels are made to work well in hot and sunny weather. “This isn’t just about having new technology,” says Dr. Zhang, the leader of the project. “It’s about making sure every child has the same chance to learn, no matter where they live.” As more kids get these backpacks, their nights are brighter, and their futures look more hopeful. 1．What’s special about the backpacks? A．Storing solar energy. B．Being much cheaper. C．Speeding up walking. 2．What could Li Mei do with the special backpack? A．She could afford a new electricity machine. B．She could finish homework quickly and nicely. C．She could study when there is no electricity. 3．How much does the schoolbag weigh now? A．4.2 kg. B．2.1 kg. C．300 grams. 4．What is the writer’s attitude to the project? A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Supportive. （十二） （2025年湖南省长沙市立信中学中考二模） During this May Day holiday, a movie called The Dumpling Queen became a big hit. It tells a true and inspiring story that will touch your heart. The movie is about Zang Jianhe. In the late 1970s, life was tough for her. She came to Hong Kong from Qingdao, Shandong, with her two little daughters. But things didn’t go as she hoped. Her marriage broke down, her husband, who was already in Hong Kong, left her and she had to look after her children. Suddenly, Zang found herself alone in a new place, with no money and no one to help. However, Zang Jianhe didn’t give up. She remembered her family’s dumpling-making skills. So, she decided to sell dumplings at Wan Chai Pier (湾仔码头) to make a living. At first, it was extremely hard. She set up a small stand at Wan Chai Pier. The weather was sometimes bad, and she had to work long hours. What’s worse, some bad guys tried to bully (霸凌) her. But she was a strong-willed woman. She worked day and night, making dumplings with love and care. Slowly but surely, people started to notice her dumplings. They were so tasty! More and more customers came to buy her dumplings. Zang worked even harder. She tried different ways to make her dumplings taste better. As time went by, her business grew bigger and bigger. Finally, through her non-stop efforts, she built a big business from nothing and became the well-known “Dumpling Queen”. This story shows us that no matter how hard life is, as long as we are brave and keep tying, we can make our dreams come true. Zang Jianhe’s story is truly amazing and gives us a lot of hope. 1．What does the underlined word “tough” probably mean? A．Smooth. B．Challenging. C．Simple. 2．Why did Zang Jianhe choose to sell dumplings instead of other foods? A．Because of her family’s dumpling-making skills. B．Because dumplings were the easiest food to make. C．Because she liked dumplings more than other foods. 3．How did Zang get more customers gradually? A．By moving her stand. B．By lowering the price. C．By improving the taste. 4．What can we learn from Zang’s story? A．Hard work pays off. B．Better late than never. C．Well begun is half done. （十三） （2025年湖南省岳阳市岳阳楼区中考二模） Great news! Primary and middle schools in Hunan have extended (延长) their break time between classes from 10 minutes to 15 minutes since February this year. This new rule helps students in many ways. First, the longer break gives students enough time to relax. They can walk around the classroom, drink water, and still have time to play. Second, it helps students prepare better for the next class. With enough rest, they can focus more on lessons. Third, the extra time allows for more exercise. Many students now enjoy playing basketball or skipping rope (跳绳) during breaks. This makes them feel less stressed. Take Zhao Xuan, a seventh-grade student in Changsha, as an example. “I really love the new break time!” he said with a smile when he was interviewed by the newspaper. “I used to have to rush to the restroom and back to class with little time for anything else. Now I have more time to rest and share something interesting with my classmates.” Teachers also like this change. They find students more energetic (精力充沛) in class after the longer breaks. The school doctor says fewer students complain of headaches now. It’s hoped that with more break time, students can enjoy their school life better and grow up healthily. 1．When did primary and middle schools in Hunan start to extend the break time? A．In September, 2024. B．In February, 2025. C．In February, 2024. 2．How long is the new break time? A．5minutes. B．10 minutes. C．15 minutes. 3．What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2? A．The reasons for extending the break time. B．The advantages of extending the break time. C．The importance of extending the break time. 4．From this passage, we can know that ________. A．Zhao Xuan has less time to relax between classes than before B．Teachers find students more tired in class after the longer break time C．The longer break time can help students enjoy their school life better （十四） （2025年湖南省衡阳市中考二模） Family education plays a big role in one’s life. Good parents will greatly influence their children. Our group wants to know what great values teenagers learn from their parents and how often they communicate with their parents. So a survey was made among 1,000 students in our school including the first, second and third students. Here are the diagrams showing the results. Family is the first classroom for teenagers, and parents are their first teachers. The character and habits that teenagers develop have a lot to do with their parents. Parents should pay attention to their words and acts because teenagers will follow parents’ behavior. Parents should serve as role models for their teenage children. They should show positive behavior (积极行为), such as kindness, honesty, and respect, which their children can learn from them. By setting a good example, parents can help shape their children’s character and habits in a positive way. 1．The survey is mainly about ________. A．family education B．table manners C．eating habits 2．________ is one of the great values that teenagers learn from their parents according to Diagram Ⅰ. A．Being on time B．Being honest C．Being outgoing 3．According to Diagram Ⅱ, ________ of 1,000 students sometimes communicate with their parents. A．59% B．39% C．31% 4．From the passage, we can know ________. A．50 students learn to work harder from their parents B．half of the students seldom communicate with their parents C．parents have a great influence on the development of teenagers habits （十五） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） China has become the world’s largest producer and market of EVs (电车). According to a report, 9.58 million Chinese-made EVs were produced and 9.49 million were sold in 2023. Among the total sales, 1.2 million EVs were exported (出口). The Chinese government has been encouraging EVs as part of its effort for green, high-quality development. As a result, China’s EV industry develops very quickly. At Auto (汽车) China 2004. BYD was the only company showing EVs there. At Auto China 2024, there were 278 different EV models on show, including BYD, SAIC, Geely, Li Auto, Nio, Xpeng and other brands. China’s EV industry is now facing both challenges and chances. It’s reported that 71% of EV brands cut prices in 2023. EV makers without the ability of innovation (创新) will face growing risks. In order to be both green and smart, Chinese EV makers are trying hard to improve technologies like battery qualities and AI support. At the same time, the government is adding even more charging points (充电站). On the other hand, more Chinese people are aware of the environmental problems. It is encouraging more buyers to choose EVs. EVs are the way of the future. In an ideal world, everyone benefits from innovation and green transport. Some might get there sooner than others, and will gain greater rewards. It is very likely that China will hold the lead. 1．How many Chinese-made EVs were produced in 2023? A．1.2 million. B．9.49 million. C．9.58 million. 2．What is the purpose of Paragraph 2? A．To introduce different EV brands in China. B．To give some information about Auto China. C．To show the development of China’s EV industry. 3．EV makers can most probably reduce growing risks by _______. A．improving innovation ability B．winning the government’s support C．adding more charging points 4．What’s the writer’s attitude (态度) towards the future of China’s EV industry? A．Uncertain. B．Hopeful. C．Doubtful. （十六） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） Liao Wenting, who grew up in a small town in Gansu Province, is now wearing the head-mounted display (头戴式显示器) in a modern classroom. The classroom is newly built in her school. Covering 137 square metres, the classroom has multimedia (多媒体的) teaching systems, VR headsets,3D printers and other high-tech equipment. The high-tech equipment was given away by Tencent. This is the first classroom of its kind in Gansu. The company also offered free training services to the school’s IT teachers and organized scientific and technological competitions to encourage students to continue exploring the field of technology. Ma Feiya, a student at the school, used a 3D printer to create a pencil box with her own design. “It was an amazing experience to see my model come to life,” she says. “I am eager (渴望) to explore more possibilities in this field in the classroom.” In 2020, Tencent started the project named Future Classrooms with the goal of improving the learning environment for students in poor areas. By the end of August 2024,48 such “classrooms” had been built and put into use in many cities, and over 1.15 million students had benefited (受益). Yu Jinghui, a student from a mountainous county in Shaoguan, is one of them. After learning programming for 4 months, he designed a game for his little sister. The game also won him first prize in a provincial competition. He says, “Programming has helped me realize my dream that I could not achieve in real life, which brings me a strong sense of achievement.” Tencent says that in the future, Future Classrooms will surely reach out to more students and help them achieve their dreams. 1．How does the author start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By describing a scene. C．By explaining a recent fact. 2．Why are those numbers listed in paragraph 4? A．To present the project’s process. B．To increase the project’s influence. C．To show the project’s achievements. 3．What do Ma Feiya and Yu Jinghui have in common? A．Both of them won prizes in the competition. B．They both make full use of the modern classroom. C．They both used high-tech equipment from an early age. 4．What is Tencent’s attitude towards the future of Future Classrooms? A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Confident. （十七） （2025年湖南省长沙市长郡教育集团中考二模） In today’s rapidly developing world, creativity and efforts are the driving forces behind technological progress. Three young men stand out as shining examples of how these qualities can shape our future. Wang Xingxing Born: 1990 Birthplace: Ningbo, Zhejiang Achievements: He is the founder of UnitreeRobotics. His team created Yangbot, a robot that appeared on the 2025 Spring Festival Gala. With four legs, the robot can walk, run, jump, and even perform difficult dance moves. In the future, robots will do more things for humans. Jiaozi(Yang Yu) Born:1980 Birthplace: Luzhou, Sichuan Achievements: He is the director of the highly praised film Ne Zha 2. Making Ne Zha 2 was a team effort. Over 130 companies worked together on the film, which shows the strength of China’s growing animation (动画) industry. They put technology to good use in film making. DeepSeek Liang Wenfeng Born:1985 Birthplace: Zhanjiang, Guangdong Achievements: He is the CEO of DeepSeek. DeepSeek focuses on helping people with tasks like writing and learning, and solving real-world problems in areas such as medical health, educational fairness and environmental protection. It makes technology easy to use and helps everyone work faster. 1．Who was NOT born in the 1980s? A．Wang Xingxing. B．Jiaozi. C．Liang Wenfeng. 2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the material? A．Yangbot can only perform simple movements like walking. B．Over 130 companies joined hands to create Ne Zha 2. C．DeepSeek pays attention to developing video games. 3．In which part of the magazine can we read the material? A．Travel. B．History. C．Technology. （十八） （2025年湖南省娄底市中考二模） Were you surprised by the robots performing the Yangko dance at this year’s Spring Festival Gala? Wait for it! Another robot can even do a front flip (前空翻). These days, robots that look like humans seem to be able to do almost anything. But what makes them so smart? The secret lies in AI. Since 2022, big progress in AI has made robots much better. Companies are creating amazing technologies like large language models (LLMs). Peter Chen from Covariant said that LLMs, like the ones used in ChatGPT, can help improve robots. LLMs learn from lots of data (数据) and use that knowledge to help robots think. Visual AI helps robots understand what they see in photos and videos. This mix of LLMs and visual AI allows robots to know how things are connected. This makes robots better at moving and doing tasks. But being smart isn’t enough—robots also need to move well. In the past, even simple tasks like picking up an apple were hard for robots. Now, new technology helps them a lot. Using light materials makes robots strong and able to move freely. Sensors let them see, hear, and feel their environment, while engines help them move easily. Now, human-like robots are becoming more and more popular. The market for these robots could be worth 276.9 billion yuan by 2035. 1．What has greatly improved robots since 2022? A．New dancing skill. B．Progress in AI. C．Better appearance. 2．What can help robots understand photos and videos according to the text? A．ChatGPT. B．LLMs. C．Visual AI. 3．What does the underlined word “sensors” mean? A．Parts to help robots think. B．Parts to help robots see, hear, and feel. C．Parts to make robots move easily. 4．What can we learn from the passage about human-like robots? A．There is a growing market for them. B．They will finally replace human workers. C．Heavy materials would make them strong. （十九） （2025年湖南省娄底市联考中考二模） January 20, 2025, a Chinese tech company (科技公司) named DeepSeek made a new AI called DeepSeek-R1. This smart program can solve math problems, write code (代码), and answer questions like top models (模型) such as OpenAI’s GPT-4o, but it costs much less to build. The team spent only $5.58 million (1/70 of OpenAI’s cost) and used 2,048 computer chips (芯片) for two months to make it. This shows that good ideas can beat big money. DeepSeek-R1 learns by trying many times and getting better, like how students practice math. Other AIs need lots of prepared examples, but R1 improves by itself. In a global (全球的) math test, it got 79.8% right, a little higher than OpenAI’s model. A simple version (版本) of R1 can even run on low-cost computers, helping schools and small companies. DeepSeek-R1 is free to use and change. On its first day online, over 19,000 programmers worldwide started projects (启动项目) to study it. A German scientist said experiments with R1 cost $10 instead of $300 with other AIs. Even Meta (a famous U. S. tech company) top scientist said, “This kind of free AI could change the world.” U. S. tech companies are worried. Meta planned to spend $65 billion more on AI research. Experts said China was catching up fast. A report in Nature magazine called R1 a “big step forward”. As a DeepSeek engineer said, “We want AI to be a friend, not something only rich people can use.” With R1, China shows the world that great things come from new ideas and hard work, not just money. 1．How much did it cost to build DeepSeek-R1? A．$5.58 million. B．$65 billion. C．$10. 2．What can we learn about DeepSeek-R1 from paragraph 2. A．It needs programmers to fix mistakes. B．It becomes better through practice. C．It copies answers from other AIs. 3．Why did Meta plan to spend more money on AI research? A．To help Chinese companies. B．To build more computer chips. C．To compete (竞争) with DeepSeek-R1. 4．Where is the passage may be found? A．A guidebook. B．A science magazine. C．A storybook. （二十） （2025年湖南省永州市宁远县中考二模） In the next few years, hundreds of millions of Chinese people will enter old age while the birth rate (率) is dropping fast. Since 2016, the newly-born population had decreased for seven years. This is a big warning for China. As fewer babies are born, there will be fewer young people to work and support society. Experts say that if nothing is done, it will seriously affect the economy (经济), healthcare (医疗), and social welfare (福利). For the economy, there might not be enough workers to keep factories running and businesses growing. In healthcare, more elderly people mean more needs for medical services, which could cause stress to hospitals. And for social welfare, there will be more people needing pensions (养老金) and other benefits, but it will be hard to keep the current level of welfare, because fewer young workers will contribute to it. China’s retirement (退休) age hadn’t been raised for many years, Now, top officials have decided to gradually raise it. For men workers, it will increase from 60 to 63. For women workers, it will rise from 50 or 55 to 55 and 58, depending on the job. This change meets the needs of the modern workforce. People live longer and healthier, and many jobs need less physical strength. Also, workers and bosses can reach an agreement to put off retirement even later. These new rules started on January 1, 2025. They’re important for China’s future as they help deal with the aging population problem and keep the country developing better. 1．Why is the retirement age raised? A．Because people want more pensions. B．Because the current retirement age is too low. C．Because the aging population causes problems in many ways. 2．How many years has the retirement age for men workers been raised according to the new policy? A．2 years. B．3 years. C．4 years. 3．The underlined word “current” in the second paragraph means “______” in Chinese. A．简单的 B．现在的 C．下降的 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．China’s population is dropping quickly. B．The pension system in China needs to be improved. C．China is raising the retirement age to deal with the aging population. （二十一） （2025年湖南省长沙市雅礼集团中考二模） Chinese culture has great attraction for people both at home and abroad. We have seen many people from around the world express their love for Chinese culture in different forms. A growing number of foreigners have even chosen to live in China for its culture. Interested in Chinese classical literature, Canadian artist Brandon Collins-Green or Lin Buran in Chinese expresses his understanding of A Dream of the Red Chamber by Cao Xueqin and Chinese poems through thousands of paintings. Often painting throughout the night, he has created more than 4,200 works. Living alone in the center of Nanchang, he has come a long way since he first came here in 2015 to study ancient Chinese literature. Brandon loves learning about the lifestyle of ancient Chinese people. “So far, I have read the novel three times, translated most of its poems, songs, lantern riddles, and dialogues into English, and completed over 1 million words of articles and 2,000 related paintings during my PhD studies,” said Brandon with pride and satisfaction. Timur Kuvatov, director-general and editor-in-chief of the Kazakhstan Today News Agency, is a Chinese kung fu fan. He has won kung fu championships a lot of times and also served as a coach for the Kazakhstan kung fu team. “Chinese kung fu is a treasure of Chinese culture. It is not just a sport but also reflects the Chinese way of dealing with people, their understanding of life, nature, and the world,” he said. Vincent Cazeneuve, known as Wensen Qi in Chinese, is a French artist devoted to lacquer creation. He came to live in Chongqing in 2009. His works have been shown in art institutions both in and outside of China, and his fans have even collected some of them. What is the charm of Chinese culture that attracts these people? It lies in its richness and openness. Also its cultural background differences make foreigners curious about the lifestyles, way of thinking, and values of the country. 1．What has Brandon done to express his love for Chinese culture? A．He has created many famous Chinese poems. B．He has written thousands of Chinese lantern riddles. C．He has translated part of Cao Xueqin’s novel into English. 2．As to Chinese culture, what is Timur Kuvatov interested in? A．Kung fu. B．Paintings. C．Lacquer creation. 3．What does the writer express through the stories of Brandon, Timur and Vincent? A．The influence of Chinese art proves greater abroad. B．Chinese culture is getting popular around the world. C．China is an ideal country for people from abroad to live in. 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．New look of traditional Chinese culture. B．Charm of Chinese culture in foreigners’ eyes. C．Development of Chinese culture in the West. 2、 人与自然 （二十二） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） The earth is 4.6 billion years old. We humans have lived on the earth for only 35 000 years, but during this period, we have changed our planet a lot in many ways. Some things we have done are very good for the earth while others are bad. All over the world, people have cut down millions of trees. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. Forests have become deserts, so many kinds of animals and plants are disappearing. In big cities, cars and buses have polluted the air. Now many people in cities have health problems. Factories have also polluted the land and the water. As a result, many rivers and lakes are now dead. Around the earth, there’s a special kind of oxygen called “ozone”(O3). It is important to the earth. But now air pollution is destroying it and making a very big hole in the ozone layer. Too much harmful radiation (辐射) from the sun passes through the hole and reaches the earth directly. This is very dangerous because this kind of radiation can cause cancer. Carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air has increased a lot. It mainly comes from burning oil, coal and wood. This has formed a blanket around the earth. The heat from the sun can’t escape so the temperature is rising. This is called “the greenhouse effect”. It causes the level of the oceans to rise and the climate of the earth to change. All these problems are very serious, so we must do something now. 1．How long have humans lived on the earth according to the text? A．4.6 billion years. B．35,000 years. C．1 million years. 2．What does “it” refer to in Paragraph 5? A．CO2. B．O3. C．O2. 3．This passage is most likely from ________. A．a science magazine. B．a history textbook. C．a travel guide. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Environment Problems. B．Pollution on the Earth. C．The Greenhouse Effect. （二十三） （2025年湖南省永州市中考二模） So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e I. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry’ people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories                    ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people          ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ 2．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. 3．Which is the right structure of the passage?(①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2, ……) A． B． C． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. （二十四） （2025年湖南省衡阳市第十七中学中考二模） Nature is amazing! Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you can often see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But do you know how butterflies become the flying insects we see? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small, colorful egg on a leaf of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in just a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar (幼虫). It has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing bigger, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹) stage”. After some time, the blanket breaks open, and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with fluid (体液), and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 1．What can we know from Paragraph 1? A．Butterflies have colorful wings and are good at flying. B．Butterflies have small bodies and weak wings. C．Butterflies have no legs and cannot fly. 2．What is the CORRECT order of a butterfly’s life cycle? A．An adult butterfly→A pupa→An egg→A caterpillar. B．An egg→A pupa→A caterpillar→An adult butterfly. C．An egg→A caterpillar→A pupa→An adult butterfly. 3．What’s the structure of this passage? (P1=Paragraph1, P2=Paragraph 2...) A． B． C． 4．Which Chinese phrase can best describe the butterfly’s development? A．居安思危 B．破茧成蝶 C．闻鸡起舞 （二十五） （2025年湖南省湘潭市岳塘区湘钢二中中考二模） Do you know kiwi, a kind of fruit? Its Chinese name is mihoutao. Can you guess what “the running kiwi” is? It is a bird and it lives only in New Zealand. Its sound is like “kee…wee…”, so people name it kiwi (鹬鸵). It is as big as a chicken. Its mouth is long and its eyes are very small. It has two feet and each foot has four toes. It has hair on its body, but it doesn’t have any feathers (羽毛) like other birds. So it can’t fly at all. The kiwi has a rather slow-moving lifestyle. This is mainly because of its special physical features and the environment it lives in. With its small eyes, short and stout legs, which are more suitable for slow movements. Also, the thick vegetation (植被) in its native New Zealand forests doesn’t require it to move quickly. A kiwi likes to have a lot of trees around it. It sleeps in the tree holes all day because the sunlight hurts its eyes. It always comes out for food at night. It can’t see well but it can smell things with its nose. It is the only bird that can smell things very well. The kiwi’s eggs are very big. Now Kiwis are threatened often by human activity. People may never see them again so they can't kill kiwis any more. New Zealanders want their kiwis to live. There is a picture of a kiwi on New Zealand money. Sometimes we call people from New Zealand kiwis. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the kiwi according to Paragraph 3? A．It can look for food all day. B．It often sleeps in the trees. C．It does well in smelling things. 3．What can the kiwi be from the passage? ①A bird. ②Money. ③A kind of fruit. ④A New Zealander. A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①③④ 4．The underlined word “threatened” in Paragraph 3 means _______. A．refused B．harmed C．stopped （二十六） （2025年湖南省永州市宁远县中考二模） Hua Hua, a beloved giant panda, lives at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding. She was born in 2020 and has won the hearts of people all over the world with her cute appearance and gentle personality. Hua Hua is easy to recognize. She’s smaller and has a rounder face compared to other pandas, which makes her look like a living, furry teddy bear. Her fur is as soft as cotton, with black patches (斑块) around her eyes, ears, and legs. And when she walks, her short legs move slowly, looking extremely cute. Hua Hua is a gentle and friendly panda. She loves to spend her time eating bamboo, which is her favorite food. When the keepers bring fresh bamboo, Hua Hua holds her bamboo stick gently, taking small bites. Sometimes, other pandas get closer and reach out to take her bamboo. Instead of getting angry, she looks a bit surprised at first. Then, she slowly lets go of the bamboo. Her round eyes seem to be saying, “It’s okay, you can have it.” After that, she just sits there calmly, waiting for the keeper to bring her more bamboo or just watching other pandas enjoy the snack. Her gentle nature makes her very popular among the visitors, and people often line up to see her. Millions of people around the world follow Hua Hua’s life through online videos. Her cute actions, like struggling to climb a tree or rolling around on the ground, bring people so much joy. Hua Hua not only makes us fall in love with pandas but also makes us more aware of the importance of protecting these precious animals. 1．Why do people easily notice Hua Hua among pandas? A．She is the only panda with black patches. B．Her small size and round face make her stand out. C．She is always the most active one. 2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Hua Hua’s fur is black all over with white patches around her eyes. B．When other pandas take her bamboo, Hua Hua gets angry and bites them. C．Many people around the world follow Hua Hua’s life through online videos. 3．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．The Life of Giant Pandas at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding B．How to Protect Precious Giant Pandas C．Hua Hua: The Beloved and Cute Panda Star 4．In which part of a magazine can we find this article? A．Science. B．Nature. C．Sports. （二十七） （2025年湖南省长沙市雅礼集团中考二模） All around the world, buildings are going green! People are making green buildings. What does it mean to go green or to make a green building? A green building is designed (设计) in a way that is not harmful to the environment. The building uses energy, water, and other materials in ways that are good for the environment. When planning green buildings, architects (建筑师) must think about how to use energy, water, and materials in an environment-friendly way. There are many ways to save energy. Architects can design buildings to use natural light. Buildings can also be made with solar or wind power to get energy from the sun or the wind. To save water, green buildings can have areas on the roofs to collect rainwater. Kitchens and bathrooms can have sinks (洗涤池) and toilets (坐便器) that conserve water. As for the materials used to build the building, it is important to use materials that do not have chemicals that are harmful to the air or water. Recycled materials can also be used for buildings. Buildings around the world use all three of these ways to go green. An office building called CH₂ in Melbourne, Australia, uses wind and solar power. A cultural center in London, England, is made from recycled train cars and is powered by solar and wind power. The Academy of Sciences building in California in the U. S. has recycled materials, solar energy, and a huge “living roof” of plants. A temple in Thailand is made out of one million recycled glass bottles! This is a good use of recycled material, and it also lets natural light into the temple. More and more green buildings are being built and they are making the world a better place! 1．What do we know about a green building? A．It is usually painted green outside. B．It uses more materials than other buildings. C．It is built in an environment-friendly way. 2．Why do architects design buildings to use natural light? A．To save energy. B．To save materials. C．To protect the plants. 3．What does the underlined word “conserve” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Save. B．Boil. C．Clean. 4．How does the writer support the main idea of paragraph 3? A．By asking questions. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. （二十八） （2025年湖南省娄底市涟源市中考二模） Man and nature have always had a deep, close relationship. On the one hand, since the beginning of time, humans have depended on nature for their survival (生存). On the other hand, humans can also make a big influence on the natural world. Over a long period, the relationship between man and nature has been tense (令人紧张的). Humans have done great harm to the environment. Pollution, overfishing, and deforestation (滥伐森林) are just a few of the problems that have appeared as a result of human activity. Nature is crying out loud. More and more cities and people have heard the cries and taken actions. Yancheng, a city in Jiangsu, built a large nature reserve (保护区) and provided the red-crowned cranes (丹顶鹤) with a good home. Wang Jiangang, a man in his sixties, led a team to plant trees in the Gobi Desert. He has done that for about eight years, with the goal of creating a forest there. When we take good care of nature, nature rewards us greatly. There are bluer skies, greener mountains, cleaner air, nicer food, and friendlier animals. Nature not only keeps us alive but also provides us with a happy life. Now, you see why it is important for us to live in harmony (和谐) with nature.More importantly, we need to keep in mind that humans are not above nature; we are part of it. 1．Why has the relationship between man and nature been tense? A．Humans have heard the cries of nature. B．Humans have done great harm to the environment. C．Humans have depended on nature for their survival. 2．Wang Jiangang’s team plant trees in the Gobi Desert to ________. A．create a forest in the desert B．build a large nature reserve there C．provide a home for the red-crown cranes 3．The underlined word “rewards” in Paragraph 4 means  ________ in Chinese. A．奖赏 B．酬谢 C．回报 4．Where does the text probably come from? A．A travel magazine. B．A nature magazine. C．A sports magazine. 3、 人与自我 （二十九） （2025年湖南省长沙市湖南师大附中植基中学中考二模） If you’re a fan of classic soul music, the word “respect” might quickly bring to mind Aretha Franklin singing loudly, “R-E-S-P-E-C-T, find out what it means to me!” But what exactly is respect? How can you show it? And how do you earn it? Respect often means different things to different people. There are several aspects that many people can agree on, though. For example, at its most basic level, respect means being kind and thoughtful to others. Respect is important because it sets the proper stage for all our human interactions (人际交往). Friendship, love and even basic communication must all start with respect. Everyone wants to be respected. To earn and deserve respect, though, you must also show respect to others. It’s always a two-way street. You can’t be disrespectful to others and expect respect in return. Respect can take many forms, such as not making fun of others and putting yourself in other people’s shoes and thinking about how they feel. In short, observe the Golden Rule: treat others the way you want to be treated. It’s easy to show respect. Be polite. Look for the best in people rather than focusing on their faults. Make others comfortable when they’re nervous. Help out whenever you can. When you pay it forward, amazing things can happen. However, not everyone will show you respect all the time. In fact, you’ll probably see examples of disrespectful behaviour each and every day. How you respond to disrespectful behaviour, though, can make a huge difference. If you choose to respond to disrespectful behaviour by acting disrespectfully yourself, you’ll gain nothing. You’ll only continue the pattern of disrespectful behaviour and set a bad example. Instead, act respectfully and set a good example. Consistently (一贯地) acting respectfully might just help others learn from your example! 1．What is the main function (功能) of paragraph 1? A．To provide background to the song. B．To give the main idea of the passage. C．To introduce the topic with a famous song. 2．Which of the following questions can paragraph 3 answer? A．What is respect for humans? B．How do people start connections? C．Why does showing respect matter? 3．The underlined word “observe” can be replaced by “________.” A．change B．follow C．break 4．Why did the author write this passage? A．To remind readers to value respect. B．To teach readers to be kind to others. C．To introduce readers to a golden rule. （三十） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区第十六中学中考二模） If you feel sad, remember not to watch a happy movie. A sad movie may be good for you. Some scientists at Ohio State University found that sad movies can make people happier. They showed their study in a magazine called Communication Reaches. Scientists asked 361 college students who were not feeling good those days to watch a sad movie. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated (分离的). They died in World War Ⅱ at the end of the move. The college students answered questions from the scientists while they were watching the movie to find out their different feelings, such as sadness. According to the result, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their lives. Compared to those of unlucky lovers, their lives were full of hope. “I want to live my life to the fullest, and this movie made me think a lot,” one student wrote. Silvia Knobloch Westerwick, the head of the study, said that bad moods (情绪) would make people more thoughtful. “Good moods are usually a sign that everything is fine. You don’t have to worry, and you don’t have to think about your problems in your life,” she said. “But bad moods make you feel terrible. So, seeing a sad movie may make you feel bad, but that will make you think more about yourself and be full of hope in the future. ” 1．The writer shows his opinion by ________. A．using pictures B．showing facts C．asking questions 2．What does the underlined word “those” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Lives. B．Feelings. C．Friends. 3．How did the college students’ feelings change? A．happy-scared-sad B．sad-excited-happy C．terrible-lucky-hopeful 4．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advise people to think about others’ lives. B．To tell us sad movies can make us feel better. C．To introduce useful ways to keep good moods. （三十一） （2025年湖南省娄底市冷水江市中考二模） In recent years, more and more people, especially teenagers, are facing weight problems. To solve this problem, our country started the “Three-Year Weight Management Action Plan” in March this year. The plan mainly focuses on two main ideas: a balanced diet and regular exercise. A balanced diet is the key to good health. This means eating different kinds of food, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains (谷物), and lean proteins (精益蛋白质), while eating less high-fat, high-sugar and high-salt foods. For example, instead of having fried chicken every day, we can choose grilled chicken, which is much healthier. Vegetables like broccoli (西蓝花) and carrots. We should eat more in our daily meals. Regular exercise is also important. It can help burn calories (卡路里) and make muscles (肌肉) stronger. The plan suggests that teenagers should do exercise for at least 60 minutes every day. Activities such as running, swimming, and playing basketball are great choices. Running can make your hearts healthier. Swimming is good for building muscles, and playing basketball can improve our teamwork skills while exercising our bodies. Schools play an important role in this plan. They have added more healthy eating classes, also, to make sure the students get enough exercise, they had more PE lessons. Some schools even organize health clubs, where students can encourage each other to reach their weight goals. Parents should join in by setting a good example. For example, they can cook healthy meals together with their children or take regular family walk. The Three-Year plan hopes to help people, especially teenagers, develop healthy habits and keep a proper weight. These habits will help them stay healthy for life. 1．What is the main purpose of the “Three-Year Weight Management Action Plan”? A．To teach people how to cook healthy meals. B．To add more physical education classes in schools. C．To solve the weight problem of people, especially teenagers. 2．What does a balanced diet include according to the passage? A．Only fruits and vegetables. B．A lot of high-fat and high-sugar foods. C．Au kinds of foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins. 3．How long does the plan suggest teenagers exercise daily? A．For about half an hour. B．For at least an hour. C．for less than an hour. 4．What do parents need to do to support the plan? A．Set a good example for children. B．Let children eat junk food freely. C．Stop children from doing exercise. （三十二） （2025年湖南省永州市冷水滩区京华中学中考二模） Recently, China is taking important steps to help people manage their weight and fight against obesity (肥胖). As we know, obesity can lead to serious health problems such as diabetes (糖尿病) and heart diseases. What is obesity? Firstly, we need to know about BMI, short for Body Mass Index (体重指数). For adults, a healthy BMI falls between 18.5 and 24. If your BMI is between 24 and 28, you are considered overweight; if it is 28 or higher, that means you have the problem of obesity. Here is how you can calculate (计算) your BMI: divide your weight in kilos twice by your height in metres. For example, if a girl weighs 64 kilos, and she is 1.62 metres tall, then her BMI is 64 divided by 1.62 and then divided by 1.62 again, which is about 24.39. So you see, weight is the key to your BMI. Then, how can we manage our weight? Eating right plays a key part, and exercise matters just as much! Eat healthy food like brown rice, fresh vegetables and fish or chicken. Stay away from fried foods and sugary snacks. Do exercise like walking, cycling or dancing for 150 to 300 minutes each week. And make sure to stand up and exercise for 3 to 5 minutes every hour while you need to sit for a long time. Let’s take action now. Simply start with small changes, like getting off the sofa or taking the stairs instead of the lift. With these steps, everyone can build a healthier future. 1．Which of the following is considered to have the problem of obesity? A．Sam with a BMI of 20. B．Betty with a BMI of 22. C．Cindy with a BMI of 29. 2．Which of the following Chinese sentences best summarize the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．步行是法宝，健身抗衰老。 B．管住嘴，迈开腿。 C．有静有动，无病无痛。 3．In which column (专栏) of a newspaper will you find this passage? A．Science. B．Travel. C．Health. 4．What is the writer’s purpose in writing this passage? A．To tell people how to lose weight. B．To call on people to manage their weight. C．To show some serious health problems that people face. （三十三） （2025年湖南省郴州市中考二模） Have you ever noticed that some kids love going to big parties or hanging out with a group of friends, while others prefer to stay at home, read a book, or just enjoy their peaceful time? Well, there’s a reason for that! It has to do with your personality (性格). Psychologists (心理学家) say there are two main kinds of people: E-people and I-people. Let me tell you what they’re like. E-people love being around with other people. They feel energized when they’re with friends, going to parties, or doing fun group activities. For them, happiness is all about sharing laughs, stories, and exciting things with others. I-people like quiet time. They feel more relaxed and happy when they’re alone, doing things like reading, drawing, or just watching the movies. They don’t need a lot of people around to feel good. They just need themselves and their favorite activities. But here’s the cool thing: neither way is better! Both E-people and I-people can be happy, as long as they do what they enjoy. It’s like finding your favorite taste of ice cream—some people love chocolate, while others love strawberry. Both are great, but it depends on what you like. The most important thing is to understand yourself and do what makes you happy. Life is about finding what works for you and enjoying every minute. After all, happiness is like a jigsaw (拼图)—each piece is different, but when they fit together, they make your life complete. So, go and enjoy your happiness, whether it’s with friends or by yourself. Be yourself! 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By telling stories. 2．What does the underlined word “energized” mean in paragraph 3? A．枯燥乏味的 B．精疲力尽的 C．精力充沛的 3．What can we know about I-people from paragraph 4? A．They like sharing with others. B．They enjoy reading by themselves. C．They need a lot of people around. 4．What’s the main purpose of this passage? A．To tell people which personality is better. B．To explain why people have different personalities. C．To encourage people to accept themselves and be themselves. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$