专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（安徽专用）-【好题汇编】2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（原卷版） （一） （2025·安徽芜湖·二模） Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. In a landmark paper, researchers found that dementia (痴呆) patients who were bilingual (双语的) developed symptoms four years later, on average, than those who weren’t. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University. However, despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health, the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive (认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings. Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. Another is about the language programmes. “The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length,” said Judith Grossman, a researcher. Some studies involved teaching participants for six months, while others for just one very intense week. To Dr. Antoniou, the findings are not entirely surprising. “No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.” 1．How does speaking various languages offer benefits? A．By keeping the brain active. B．By relieving mental symptoms. C．By improving one’s intelligence. D．By increasing language fluency. 2．What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2? A．It doesn’t show consistent cognitive improvement. B．It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles. C．It prevents the decline of old people’s mental health. D．It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians. 3．Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing? A．Researchers used outdated teaching materials. B．Volunteers were already at their age’s cognitive peak. C．The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary. D．Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language. 4．What might be Antoniou’s suggestion? A．Examining scientific findings critically. B．Finding more ways to enhance cognition. C．Studying a new language from an early age. D．Learning essential skills throughout childhood. （二） （2025·安徽淮南·二模） Young mice seemingly attempt to awaken an anaesthetized (被麻醉的) cage mate by cleaning, pawing and even pulling aside the tongue to clear its airway. Li Zhang at the University of Southern California and his colleagues filmed laboratory mice presented with a familiar cage mate that was either active or unconscious. Over several tests, mice devoted about 47 percent of a 13-minute observation period interacting with their unconscious partner. According to Zhang, “They start with sniffing and then very intensive interaction,” including licking the eyes, biting around the mouth, and pulling out the tongue in more than 50 percent of cases. In a separate test, researchers placed a plastic ball in the mouth of the unconscious mouse, and in 80 percent of cases, the helping mice successfully removed the object. Team member Huizhong Tao believes extending the observation period could achieve an even higher success rate. Furthermore, mice that received caregiving woke up and started walking sooner compared to those that were left unattended. Once the unconscious mouse started moving, the caregiving mice reduced and then ceased their assistance. Zhang notes that the observed behaviour is not analogous to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which requires specialist training. Instead, it looks like using strong-smelling salts or basic first aid to ensure breathing. Zhang’s team found that these caregiving behaviours are driven by oxytocin (催产素)-releasing cells located in the brain, consistent with oxytocin’s known role in caregiving behaviours across vertebrates (脊椎动物). Two other research teams have recently reported similar behaviours, supporting the reliability of these findings. Cristina Márquez at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology in Coimbra, acknowledges the findings’ accuracy but cautions against seeing animals act like humans or attributing intentions beyond observed actions. Zhang suggests the behaviour is likely natural, as tested mice were just 2 to 3 months old and had not previously experienced such scenarios. He suggests that this natural caregiving may enhance group unity and could be more widespread among social animals than previously recognised. 5．What is the main focus of the first paragraph? A．The training of mice to help companions in danger. B．The behaviours of mice helping unconscious partners. C．The percentage of mice avoiding interaction in cages. D．The activity level of mice toward their familiar mates. 6．When would helping mice stop giving care behaviours according to paragraph 2? A．When the research observation time ended. B．When unconscious mice showed no response. C．When unconscious mice began moving again. D．When the plastic ball was successfully removed. 7．What does the underlined word “analogous” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Similar. B．Opposite. C．Unrelated. D．Beneficial. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Mice and Medicine: Advanced Rescue Skills B．The Role of Training in Animal Rescue Behaviours C．Differences Between Wild Mice and Laboratory Mice D．First Aid by Mice: A Study of Natural Social Behaviour （三） （2025·安徽滁州·二模） If you get a text that says “wyd” — translation: “what are you doing?” — it’s most likely there’s one thing that you’re crossing off the list: replying to the message. According to a study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99.3% of texters regularly use abbreviations (缩略语) that, in theory, could save typing time, like using “hru?” instead of asking someone how they are. David Fang, a doctoral student at Stanford University, wondered if this habit enhanced or diminished digital communication. He’s always made sure of texting in complete sentences, because he worried that otherwise, people on the receiving end of his messages would think he was lazy. But he wasn’t sure if his intuition (直觉) was correct, so he decided to test it. Fang and his co-authors started off with open minds: Abbreviated messages could indicate a lack of effort that might annoy the recipient, but they also might be taken as casual, promoting a sense of closeness. Then, the researchers examined tons of online conversations, which led to the conclusion that people were less likely to reply to abbreviation-lovers. They also asked participants to rate text conversations they had received in real life. People described messages with abbreviations as being less sincere, and indicated that they weren’t ready to reply. Why such reaction? It’s likely due to something called social exchange theory: A relationship depends on its cost-benefit balance. How much effort one person puts in influences the other person’s response. So if you feel like someone isn’t putting much into a message, you’ll likely adjust your communication accordingly. Fang also says that those who intentionally chop letters off their words are trying to show they don’t care. “If you want to show the other person that you’re not taking this very seriously, then these abbreviations might be well-suited. Otherwise, if you’re trying to make a good impression, think twice,” he adds. “Given that texting is a mainstay of modern-day relationships, it can be helpful to reflect on your texting habits and whether you’re presenting yourself well. It matters.” 9．What does the underlined word “diminished” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Lessened. B．Opposed. C．Confused. D．Completed. 10．Why did Fang’s team carry out the research? A．To prove abbreviations lead to closeness. B．To clarify the effect of using abbreviations. C．To determine abbreviations’ negative result. D．To differentiate online and real-life conversations. 11．Why is an abbreviated message less likely to get a reply? A．Because the sender doesn’t expect one. B．Because the recipient wants to save time. C．Because the cost-benefit balance is upset. D．Because the message kind of reflects insincerity. 12．What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A．Abbreviations should be banned as a whole. B．Using shortened words when texting is OK. C．People’s motivation affects their way of texting. D．Texting habits determine modern relationships. （四） （2025·安徽马鞍山·二模） I was 17 when Julio Cortázar’s wildly experimental 1963 masterpiece, Hopscotch, fell into my hands, and that book almost drove me crazy. Cortázar cast conventional structure aside, willing the reader to jump between 155 short chapters. Only years later did I understand Cortázar. It was my first experience of the exciting unpredictability that lay ahead in my journey with books. Today’s book talk often presents reading somewhere between the wholesomeness of vegetables and the pleasures of a patisserie (法式糕点)：books are beneficial, good for you, or they’re a treat, a pleasure. But that leaves out the trickier, more delicate pleasures of tackling difficult books, the big challenges on our bookshelves that question your deepest values or make you uncomfortable in the right way. In a set of studies, two professors, Gay Ivey from the University of North Carolina and Peter Johnston from the University of Albany, found that reading difficult books about characters with complicated lives helped teenagers become more understanding, less judgmental, more likely to seek multiple viewpoints, morally stronger, and happier. One of my favorite writers, Sarah Chihaya, explores books that are “Life Ruiners” — books that “you can’t ever recover from, that you never stop thinking about”, books that leave you fundamentally changed. Reading books that refuse to be easily digested, “the ones that bring up anxieties and fears you never knew you had”, helped Chihaya to feel, as she writes, not “better”, but “simply different”. As with many life-long readers, the books that truly shaped me were not always pleasurable — but they were irresistible. You’re not always ready for every challenging read, of course. Timing matters. The American novelist Garth Greenwell said in a 2024 interview that at 20, he tried Frank Bidart’s poems and turned away; but just a few years later, “reading his poems would be one of the key literary experiences of my life”. If a book doesn’t work for you, don’t force yourself to finish it; but leave the door open to the idea that, like certain friendships, it might kindle (点燃) years later. 13．What does the author think of today’s book talk? A．It breaks tradition. B．It is rather structured. C．It truly lacks depth. D．It is alternative in style. 14．What did Ivey and Johnston’s studies show? A．Reasons for readers’ preference. B．Qualities to be observant readers. C．Ways to appreciate complex stories. D．Impacts of reading difficult books. 15．What effect did reading “Life Ruiners” have on Chihaya? A．Destructive. B．Productive. C．Transformative. D．Restrictive. 16．What does Greenwell’s experience suggest about reading great literature? A．It requires a literary mindset. B．It needs patience and readiness. C．It can be started with poetry. D．It brings new ideas and creativity. （五） （2025·安徽黄山·二模） First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, cottage cheese and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred. Few topics are as appetizing to netizens as cooking, especially over the holidays. Food is the fourth-most popular subject on the internet, up from 17th place in 2009, according to GWI, a consumer-research firm. The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks. The internet has brought people without notable restaurants or cookbooks to chef stardom. For example, around 21 million people subscribe to the YouTube of Nick DiGiovanni, a 28-year-old, Harvard-educated food personality, about the same number as subscribe to that of Gordon Ramsay, a famous British chef. The fact that social media have caused interest in food to rise as fast as home-baked bread should not come as a surprise. Everyone has to eat, and cooking is a common hobby. Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third. Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously (感同身受地) through people more adventurous than they are. Online chefs and food boosters sell a lifestyle: you are what you eat, how you eat and what you watch about eating. 17．What caused some ingredients to be sold out in Iceland? A．The delicacy of those ingredients. B．The modest price of those ingredients. C．The inadequacy of online food contents. D．Food lovers’ rush to remake online videos. 18．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Creative. B．Social. C．Convenient. D．Famous. 19．Why does the author mention Thanksgiving turkey cooking? A．To illustrate tastes differ in turkey cooking. B．To turn cooking into a widespread pastime. C．To show videos deliver clearer instructions. D．To suggest a preferred way of turkey cooking. 20．What is Buxton’s opinion about successful online food contents? A．They should be entertaining and instructive. B．They should be adventurous and healthy. C．They should be tailored to different needs. D．They should be devoted to a balanced lifestyle. （六） （2025·安徽黄山·二模） Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you’re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green. Go to a grocery store and you’ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero (净零排放). Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case. Painting a rosy picture of going green won’t actually work. This is why the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net-zero promises — which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. The Secretary-General is clear: “We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.” But why is greenwashing so bad? In part because the risks are so high. It’s not just false advertising: fake net zero claims drive up the cost that ultimately everyone will have to pay in order to stop climate change. Greenwashing also fuels public disbelief about climate issues and damages one of the few mechanisms we have to coordinate (协调) global action. To restore honesty to net zero commitment, the Secretary-General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards, definitions and criteria surrounding them. The report, called “Integrity Matters”, sets out what it means to make a net zero promise. Once in effect, the criteria clarify what does and doesn’t count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying. This means that we can know the company’s overall emissions are going down instead of buying cheap low quality credit in a short period of time. We also want companies to publicly and transparently disclose real progress they are or aren’t making to reduce their emissions. Work is underway to develop a credible, comprehensive public online database that we can check to see the progress a company is or isn’t making to reduce its emission. Today, we need a series of interconnected and dynamic moves for net zero goals. As Canada’s Minster of Environment and Climate Change, I saw the power of business, financial institutions, cities and regions to help accelerate positive change. 21．Why does the author list net zero claims in paragraph 1? A．To advertise green products. B．To present a phenomenon. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To criticize net zero. 22．Which of the following can best describe greenwashing? A．It advocates maintaining a positive lifestyle by walking. B．It is devoted to developing sustainable and green products. C．It dampens public enthusiasm for buying high quality goods. D．It is an act to offer misleading claims about cutting emissions. 23．What can we learn about Integrity Matters from the text? A．It can offer specific guidelines on environmental promise. B．It forces companies to declare their progress in going green. C．It has addressed public’s concerns over net zero promise. D．It may disqualify consumers to buy green products. 24．What might the author continue talking about? A．Examples of combined green efforts. B．Benefits of ensuring a sustainable planet. C．Rewards for genuine green action. D．Great influences of Integrity Matters. （七） （2025·安徽师范大学附属中学·二模） When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong. They like to drink it while reading a book near a warm fire. This tea has a smoky taste, and some people really like it, while others don’t. Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast. Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common. In 1646, soldiers passing through a Fujian village in the Wuyi Mountains camped in a tea factory filled with fresh leaves awaiting processing. When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour. They quickly dried it with pine fires and sold it to get some money back. To their surprise, the unusual tea was sold at a high price and eventually found its way to Dutch traders in Amoy, who were eager to fill their ships with as much tea — green or black — as they could acquire. The long sea trip from China to Amsterdam needed the tea to be well-preserved, and this special Wuyi tea kept its good quality even in the wet and tough conditions on the ship. One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey. I always slip a few teaspoons of dry tea leaves under the skin of the bird before placing it into the oven. Soon, the kitchen smells as if a fire has been lit in the fireplace, and guests comment on the smell when they enter the front door. What’s great is that the tea gives a smoky taste to the turkey juices, which makes my gravy (汤) taste better — an American Thanksgiving meal with a turkey that has a Chinese tea flavour. 25．Why did the author mention Winston Churchill and Lynn Redgrave? A．To show the tea’s popularity. B．To introduce two famous people. C．To describe their breakfast habits. D．To explain their unique preference. 26．Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “oxidized” in Paragraph 4? A．Lost weight. B．Changed colour. C．Got damaged. D．Became stronger. 27．How does the author use Lapsang Souchong usually? A．He drinks it before dinner. B．He gives it to guests as a gift. C．He adds it to the baking turkeys. D．He uses it to attract more customers. 28．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Legend of Lapsang Souchong. B．The Many Uses of Lapsang Souchong. C．Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story. D．Tea Trade: A means to Spread Chinese Culture. （八） （2025·安徽安庆·二模） Earthquakes, some unnoticeably quiet, hold the potential for destruction. Traditionally, seismologists have relied on seismometers (地震检波器) to detect and analyze earthquakes. However, this process has been filled with limitations, being both time-consuming and often imprecise. But the era of AI is coming. Zachary Ross from Caltech recognized the vast amounts of seismic data available in California and saw an opportunity for innovation. Ross initially focused on the countless tiny earthquakes that had previously avoided detection. By creating models of known seismic wave patterns and applying an algorithm (算法) to search for similar ones, he unearthed nearly two million previously hidden quakes between 2008 and 2017.This discovery uncovered a detailed and previously unseen fault network, providing crucial insights into the underground activity. Subsequently, Ross employed more advanced self-learning programs. These programs not only identified new types of seismic events, such as the long-lasting earthquakes in California and the previously undetected volcanic activity in Hawaii, but also predicted the characteristics of a wide variety of earthquakes. In the seismological community, there is a sense of cautious optimism regarding Ross's work.AI has the potential to change the field by processing seismic records with unmatched speed and precision, elevating the capabilities of scientists. For instance, it can handle multiple seismic records and present them in three dimensions far more quickly than humans. Nevertheless, there are concerns. Geoscientists who are not skilled in machine learning may struggle to keep up. There is a need to train the broader seismology community to understand and evaluate these AI-driven products. As these programs continue to progress and gain accuracy, they could significantly improve earthquake early-warning systems. In earthquake areas like Tokyo, AI is already being used to scan images and detect disasters such as fires and building collapses, enabling authorities to respond quickly. While AI offers great promise, it remains a tool. It is set to become an essential part of earthquake research, much like seismometers, but with the potential to unlock a new level of understanding and preparedness. 29．What is a disadvantage of the traditional earthquake detection method? A．It costs too much. B．It requires lots of data. C．It relies on many staff. D．It's slow and inaccurate. 30．What can we learn from Ross's discovery? A．It revealed a comprehensive unseen network. B．It exposed many undetectable earthquakes. C．It predicted new types of volcanic activities. D．It confused people about the underground event. 31．What does the underlined word “elevating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Boosting. B．Restricting. C．Underestimating. D．Guaranteeing. 32．What's the author's attitude towards AI in earthquake research? A．Completely critical. B．Somewhat doubtful. C．Cautiously positive. D．Overly supportive. （九） （2025·安徽池州·二模） Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education. In 2004, Wu became headmaster of Tangfang Primary School in Baling Town, Guizhou Province. At that time, the school was merely an old house, with 3 teachers and 75 students. Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports. In 2006, the school held its first sports meeting. “We carried a cement slab (水泥板) from 1.5 kilometers away and used wooden boards as a net for a table tennis competition,” Wu recalled. With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities. Now, basketball hoops (篮圈) are designed in three different sizes to suit students of different age groups, while sports equipment storage facilities are never locked up. Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot yield to other subjects. Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students. Wu hopes that the happy school memories will help graduates stay connected to their hometown and get ready for their future. 33．What inspired Wu to think of sports as a solution? A．Rich sports resources. B．Requirements from teachers. C．Students' lack of interest in study. D．Children's stress from examinations. 34．What does the underlined phrase "yield to" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Compare with. B．Give in to. C．Contribute to. D．Take the place of. 35．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4? A．To show progress in grades. B．To highlight influences of sports. C．To stress the importance of study. D．To introduce types of sports activities. 36．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Headmaster Transformed School With Sports B．A Unique Physical Education Class C．Students Made Breakthroughs in Competition D．The Life Story of a Headmaster （十） （2025·安徽合肥·二模） When thinking of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) doctors, one might picture an elderly man with a long beard sitting in front of a medicine chest. However, He Suye, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by the 27-year-old actor Zhang Linghe, Mr. He is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work. he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors. The Best Thing follows Shen Xifan, a hotel manager suffering from frequent headaches and trouble sleeping. In her search for a cure, she meets Mr. He, and their relationship deepens through medical consultations. To play a genuine TCM practitioner, Zhang studied Chinese medicine with practicing physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的) and treatment methods. This process helped him gain a deeper appreciation for TCM’s integrated philosophy, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and environment, viewing health as a balance between these elements. The drama creatively integrates TCM knowledge by naming each episode after a type of Chinese herbal medicine, connecting TCM’s healing methods to the storyline. For example, in one episode, Mr. He performs “wet cupping” to treat a breathing emergency, showcasing TCM’s role in critical care. The drama particularly appeals to younger viewers. With the growing integration of TCM and Western medicine, as well as expanding international exchanges, TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities. For instance, acupuncture (针灸) is now covered in health insurance plans in many countries. Zhang Linghe believes that passion is the driving force behind a successful career - just like his character, He, who remains committed to his path in TCM despite numerous challenges, including initial opposition from his father. Zhang hopes to introduce TCM to a global audience, especially younger generations, through the drama’s release on international platforms. 37．What do we know about He Suye? A．He challenges the principles of TCM. B．He is an actor starring in The Best Thing. C．He presents a modern image of a TCM doctor. D．He has the same hobbies as other TCM doctors. 38．Why did Zhang Linghe learn TCM techniques? A．To prepare for the role. B．To treat his own illnesses. C．To become a practicing physician. D．To appreciate TCM’s philosophy. 39．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning acupuncture? A．To explain the diverse changes in future careers. B．To demonstrate TCM’s international recognition. C．To show the drama’s popularity among younger viewers. D．To emphasize TCM’s advantages over Western medicine. 40．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Traditional Approach to TCM B．A New Vision for TCM’s Future C．Exploring the Ancient Roots of TCM D．Redefining TCM for a Global Audience （十一） （2025·安徽蚌埠·二模） Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures. Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge? In Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, local officials believe so. That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water, climb, sword-fight with sticks, wrestle and fall. “The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.” Taking risks is children’s nature. Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand. Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools. “Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.” While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds, it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play. That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17-second rule. So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast, take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do. “This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play. 41．What are the current playgrounds like? A．They are challenging for kids. B．They are basically free of risks. C．They are full of funny elements. D．They are tailored to risk-takers’ nature. 42．Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play? A．To motivate children to become more active. B．To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe. C．To train potential champions in the sports field. D．To inspire children to invent smarter devices. 43．What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5? A．Requirements for tackling risks. B．Features of predictable risks. C．Ways to engage in risky play. D．Benefits risky play can bring. 44．What does Brussoni advise parents to do? A．Stop observing their adventurous kids. B．Act as a role model for less brave kids. C．Allow their kids to explore their potential. D．Prevent their kids from doing risky sports. （十二） （2025·安徽蚌埠·二模） In the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans, it has done much harm to the natural world. Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN), light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it. Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁): Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning (产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce. Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations, researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs. Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year, guided by lunar cycles. If corals are spawning on different nights, inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution, it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover. “Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet. Mass bleaching (白化) events caused by climate change, habitat destruction, fisheries, water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s,” these worried researchers write. “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.” “If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete,” says lead author Dr. Thomas Davies. Obviously, light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix. Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix, but light pollution? We just need to turn off the lights when necessary. That can make a significant difference to the natural world. 45．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Blessing. B．Demonstration. C．Trend. D．Crisis. 46．How does ALAN affect corals? A．It blinds new adult corals. B．It misleads them into spawning. C．It keeps them from reproducing. D．It encourages coral egg hunting. 47．Why do the researchers feel worried? A．Corals are exposed to moonlight. B．Corals are likely to become extinct. C．Corals have lost their ecological value. D．Corals cause disturbances to fisheries. 48．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To analyze the impact of human activity. B．To emphasize the significant role of corals. C．To reveal the root sources of corals’ decline. D．To call for action to reduce light pollution. （十三） （2025·安徽六校联考·二模） At dusk and dawn, the sky dances with three phases of in-between light. When the sun has just set in the west, the sky changes from the vibrant blue of afternoon to a more relaxed tone, as if it’s settling down for the evening. Soon the east will darken even as the west goes through an abundance of reds, oranges and yellows. And then, at last, the black of night will reign once again. Astronomers are so familiar with twilight (黄昏) that we’ve classified its various stages. The first that occurs after sunset is called civil twilight, so named because when the sun is just below the horizon, the sky is still bright enough for people to conduct typical “daytime” outdoor activities. This is also when you’re likely to see the most colors in the sky toward the west. Those same molecules (微粒) that distribute sunlight don’t do so randomly; the angle of distributing depends on the color of the light. All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets. The next phase is nautical twilight, when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The sky maybe a deep purple, and stars begin to appear. The term “nautical twilight” came about because sailors used the stars to get their bearings, and it’s at this time of the early evening that celestial navigation (天文导航) becomes possible. After that comes astronomical twilight. This is when the sun is 12 to 18 degrees below the horizon and the sky finally appears black, with the stars truly shining. We call it astronomical twilight because it may look dark to your eye, but through a telescope, the sky is still bright enough to intervene in some observations. This last phase of twilight concludes once the sun drops below 18 degrees; the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night. 49．What does the underlined word “reign” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Fade away. B．Draw near. C．End up. D．Take over. 50．What causes breathtaking sunsets during the civil twilight? A．The standout of red colors. B．The absence of artificial light. C．The reflection of colorful tones. D．The distribution of all colors of light. 51．What can we learn about the three phases of twilight? A．Each twilight is characterized by the sun’s position. B．Each twilight allows for various scientific researches. C．Nautical twilight is too bright to use celestial navigation. D．Astronomical twilight is ideal for telescope observations. 52．What will the author introduce next? A．The impacts of twilight. B．The interpretations of twilight. C．The process of observing stars. D．The working conditions of astronomers. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文&议论文）（解析版） （一） （2025·安徽芜湖·二模） Lots of activities are linked to better brain health in old age. Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating. In a landmark paper, researchers found that dementia (痴呆) patients who were bilingual (双语的) developed symptoms four years later, on average, than those who weren’t. “We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University. However, despite the proven benefits of language learning for brain health, the actual impact of learning a new language later in life on cognitive (认知的) abilities is still a subject of ongoing research with mixed findings. Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs. The scientists who conducted those studies offered a few potential explanations for their disappointing results. One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements. Another is about the language programmes. “The studies looking into the issue have used language lessons that were very different in their length,” said Judith Grossman, a researcher. Some studies involved teaching participants for six months, while others for just one very intense week. To Dr. Antoniou, the findings are not entirely surprising. “No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.” 1．How does speaking various languages offer benefits? A．By keeping the brain active. B．By relieving mental symptoms. C．By improving one’s intelligence. D．By increasing language fluency. 2．What do the studies show about language learning in paragraph 2? A．It doesn’t show consistent cognitive improvement. B．It is more effective than playing crossword puzzles. C．It prevents the decline of old people’s mental health. D．It fails to bring any cognitive benefit to older Italians. 3．Why did the results in some language-learning studies turn out disappointing? A．Researchers used outdated teaching materials. B．Volunteers were already at their age’s cognitive peak. C．The language courses focused on irrelevant vocabulary. D．Participants lacked motivation to learn a new language. 4．What might be Antoniou’s suggestion? A．Examining scientific findings critically. B．Finding more ways to enhance cognition. C．Studying a new language from an early age. D．Learning essential skills throughout childhood. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是学习多种语言对老年人认知健康的影响及相关研究结果，探讨了双语能力与大脑健康的关联性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Experts say regularly speaking multiple languages may be especially beneficial by being intellectually stimulating.(专家表示，经常说多种语言可能会通过激发智力而特别有益)”以及““We use language in all aspects of daily life, so a bilingual brain is constantly working,” said Mark Antoniou, an associate professor at Western Sydney University.(西悉尼大学副教授Mark Antoniou说：“我们在日常生活的各个方面都使用语言，所以双语大脑一直在工作。”)”可知，经常说多种语言通过刺激智力，让大脑不断工作，也就是让大脑保持活跃来提供益处。故选A项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Research by Dr. Antoniou and his colleagues found that while Chinese adults aged 60 and older improved on cognition tests after a six-month language learning program, people who played games like crossword puzzles did as well. Another small study found that older Italians who took English lessons for four months didn’t see any change in their cognition scores, but those who didn’t take the lessons saw their scores decline. Two recent studies found virtually no difference in cognitive performance after people took part in language-learning programs.(Antoniou和他的同事的研究发现，60岁及以上的中国成年人在参加了六个月的语言学习项目后，认知测试成绩有所提高，玩填字游戏的人也是如此。另一项小型研究发现，上了四个月英语课的年长意大利人认知分数没有变化，但那些没有上课的人分数下降了。最近的两项研究发现，人们参加语言学习项目后，认知表现几乎没有差异)”可知，有的研究表明60岁及以上中国成年人在六个月语言学习后认知测试有提高，玩填字游戏的人也有提高，有的研究发现上四个月英语课的意大利老人认知分数无变化，还有的研究发现参加语言学习项目后认知表现几乎无差异。由此推知，语言学习对认知的改善并不一致。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中 “One is that the participants were highly motivated volunteers, who may have already been at peak performance for their age, making it hard to see any improvements.(其中一个原因是，参与者都是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，这使得很难看到任何进步)”可知，一些语言学习研究结果令人失望的一个原因是参与者是积极性很高的志愿者，他们可能已经达到了其年龄的认知巅峰，所以很难看到任何改善。故选B项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中 ““No one would say that learning a new language for six months would be the same as having used two languages for your entire life,” he said. “Therefore, it’s ideal to get the ball rolling in childhood to maximize its ability to improve cognitive function throughout life.”(他说：“没有人会认为只学习六个月的新语言能和一辈子使用两种语言的效果相同。因此，最好从小就开始学习新语言，以便最大限度地提升一生中的认知功能。”)”可知，Antoniou认为学习六个月新语言和一生使用两种语言不一样，所以理想的是在童年时期就开始学习语言，以最大限度地提高其在一生中改善认知功能的能力。由此推知，Antoniou建议从小学习一门新语言。故选C项。 （二） （2025·安徽淮南·二模） Young mice seemingly attempt to awaken an anaesthetized (被麻醉的) cage mate by cleaning, pawing and even pulling aside the tongue to clear its airway. Li Zhang at the University of Southern California and his colleagues filmed laboratory mice presented with a familiar cage mate that was either active or unconscious. Over several tests, mice devoted about 47 percent of a 13-minute observation period interacting with their unconscious partner. According to Zhang, “They start with sniffing and then very intensive interaction,” including licking the eyes, biting around the mouth, and pulling out the tongue in more than 50 percent of cases. In a separate test, researchers placed a plastic ball in the mouth of the unconscious mouse, and in 80 percent of cases, the helping mice successfully removed the object. Team member Huizhong Tao believes extending the observation period could achieve an even higher success rate. Furthermore, mice that received caregiving woke up and started walking sooner compared to those that were left unattended. Once the unconscious mouse started moving, the caregiving mice reduced and then ceased their assistance. Zhang notes that the observed behaviour is not analogous to cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which requires specialist training. Instead, it looks like using strong-smelling salts or basic first aid to ensure breathing. Zhang’s team found that these caregiving behaviours are driven by oxytocin (催产素)-releasing cells located in the brain, consistent with oxytocin’s known role in caregiving behaviours across vertebrates (脊椎动物). Two other research teams have recently reported similar behaviours, supporting the reliability of these findings. Cristina Márquez at the Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology in Coimbra, acknowledges the findings’ accuracy but cautions against seeing animals act like humans or attributing intentions beyond observed actions. Zhang suggests the behaviour is likely natural, as tested mice were just 2 to 3 months old and had not previously experienced such scenarios. He suggests that this natural caregiving may enhance group unity and could be more widespread among social animals than previously recognised. 5．What is the main focus of the first paragraph? A．The training of mice to help companions in danger. B．The behaviours of mice helping unconscious partners. C．The percentage of mice avoiding interaction in cages. D．The activity level of mice toward their familiar mates. 6．When would helping mice stop giving care behaviours according to paragraph 2? A．When the research observation time ended. B．When unconscious mice showed no response. C．When unconscious mice began moving again. D．When the plastic ball was successfully removed. 7．What does the underlined word “analogous” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Similar. B．Opposite. C．Unrelated. D．Beneficial. 8．Which is the most suitable title for the text? A．Mice and Medicine: Advanced Rescue Skills B．The Role of Training in Animal Rescue Behaviours C．Differences Between Wild Mice and Laboratory Mice D．First Aid by Mice: A Study of Natural Social Behaviour 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是实验室小鼠对被麻醉的笼中同伴表现出的照顾行为。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Young mice seemingly attempt to awaken an anaesthetized (被麻醉的) cage mate by cleaning, pawing and even pulling aside the tongue to clear its airway. (年幼的老鼠似乎会试图通过舔舐、轻拍，甚至拉起（同伴的）舌头以清理其气道的方式，来唤醒一只被麻醉的笼中同伴。)”可知，第一段的重点是老鼠帮助无意识的同伴的行为。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“Once the unconscious mouse started moving, the caregiving mice reduced and then ceased their assistance. (一旦那只失去意识的老鼠开始动弹，照顾它的老鼠们便减少了帮助，随后便停止了援助。)”可知，当失去意识的老鼠又开始动弹时，提供帮助的老鼠便停止了照顾行为。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Instead, it looks like using strong-smelling salts or basic first aid to ensure breathing. (相反，这看起来更像是使用气味浓烈的嗅盐或进行基础急救措施以确保呼吸。)”可知，张指出，观察到的行为与需要专业培训的心肺复苏术（CPR）不同，划线词analogous的意思是“相似的”，故选A。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Young mice seemingly attempt to awaken an anaesthetized (被麻醉的) cage mate by cleaning, pawing and even pulling aside the tongue to clear its airway. (年幼的老鼠似乎会试图通过舔舐、轻拍，甚至拉起（同伴的）舌头以清理其气道的方式，来唤醒一只被麻醉的笼中同伴。)”和最后一段“Zhang suggests the behaviour is likely natural, as tested mice were just 2 to 3 months old and had not previously experienced such scenarios. He suggests that this natural caregiving may enhance group unity and could be more widespread among social animals than previously recognised. (Zhang认为，这种行为很可能是天生的，因为参与实验的小鼠只有2到3个月大，且之前从未经历过这样的场景。他提出，这种天生的照顾行为可能会增强群体的凝聚力，并且在社会性动物中可能比之前所认知的更为普遍。)”可知，本文主要讲的是实验室小鼠对被麻醉的笼中同伴表现出的照顾行为，因此最恰当的题目是D选项“First Aid by Mice: A Study of Natural Social Behaviour (老鼠的急救：自然社会行为的研究)”。故选D。 （三） （2025·安徽滁州·二模） If you get a text that says “wyd” — translation: “what are you doing?” — it’s most likely there’s one thing that you’re crossing off the list: replying to the message. According to a study published in the Journal of Experimental Psychology, 99.3% of texters regularly use abbreviations (缩略语) that, in theory, could save typing time, like using “hru?” instead of asking someone how they are. David Fang, a doctoral student at Stanford University, wondered if this habit enhanced or diminished digital communication. He’s always made sure of texting in complete sentences, because he worried that otherwise, people on the receiving end of his messages would think he was lazy. But he wasn’t sure if his intuition (直觉) was correct, so he decided to test it. Fang and his co-authors started off with open minds: Abbreviated messages could indicate a lack of effort that might annoy the recipient, but they also might be taken as casual, promoting a sense of closeness. Then, the researchers examined tons of online conversations, which led to the conclusion that people were less likely to reply to abbreviation-lovers. They also asked participants to rate text conversations they had received in real life. People described messages with abbreviations as being less sincere, and indicated that they weren’t ready to reply. Why such reaction? It’s likely due to something called social exchange theory: A relationship depends on its cost-benefit balance. How much effort one person puts in influences the other person’s response. So if you feel like someone isn’t putting much into a message, you’ll likely adjust your communication accordingly. Fang also says that those who intentionally chop letters off their words are trying to show they don’t care. “If you want to show the other person that you’re not taking this very seriously, then these abbreviations might be well-suited. Otherwise, if you’re trying to make a good impression, think twice,” he adds. “Given that texting is a mainstay of modern-day relationships, it can be helpful to reflect on your texting habits and whether you’re presenting yourself well. It matters.” 9．What does the underlined word “diminished” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Lessened. B．Opposed. C．Confused. D．Completed. 10．Why did Fang’s team carry out the research? A．To prove abbreviations lead to closeness. B．To clarify the effect of using abbreviations. C．To determine abbreviations’ negative result. D．To differentiate online and real-life conversations. 11．Why is an abbreviated message less likely to get a reply? A．Because the sender doesn’t expect one. B．Because the recipient wants to save time. C．Because the cost-benefit balance is upset. D．Because the message kind of reflects insincerity. 12．What can be concluded from the last paragraph? A．Abbreviations should be banned as a whole. B．Using shortened words when texting is OK. C．People’s motivation affects their way of texting. D．Texting habits determine modern relationships. 【答案】9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯坦福大学博士生David Fang对人们在短信中使用缩略语的习惯进行研究，发现使用缩略语的短信不太可能得到回复，且人们认为这类短信不够真诚，还探讨了产生这种现象的原因以及使用缩略语的一些建议。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“David Fang, a doctoral student at Stanford University, wondered if this habit enhanced or … digital communication. He’s always made sure of texting in complete sentences, because he worried that otherwise, people on the receiving end of his messages would think he was lazy. (斯坦福大学博士生David Fang想知道这种习惯是增强还是……数字交流。他一向都确保用完整的句子发短信，因为他担心不然的话，收到他消息的人会觉得他很懒。)”可知，划线词上文提到了这种习惯，下文提到了数字交流，enhanced和diminished是反义词，enhanced意为“增强”，所以可推测diminished意为“削弱，减少”，与 lessened意思相近。故选A项。 10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“David Fang, a doctoral student at Stanford University, wondered if this habit enhanced or diminished digital communication. He’s always made sure of texting in complete sentences, because he worried that otherwise, people on the receiving end of his messages would think he was lazy. But he wasn’t sure if his intuition (直觉) was correct, so he decided to test it.  (斯坦福大学博士生David Fang想知道这种习惯是增强还是削弱了数字交流。他总是确保用完整的句子发短信，因为他担心否则，收到他信息的人会认为他很懒。但他不确定自己的直觉是否正确，所以他决定测试一下。)”以及第三段“Fang and his co-authors started off with open minds: Abbreviated messages could indicate a lack of effort that might annoy the recipient, but they also might be taken as casual, promoting a sense of closeness. Then, the researchers examined tons of online conversations, which led to the conclusion that people were less likely to reply to abbreviation-lovers. (Fang和他的合著者一开始就持开放的态度：缩写信息可能表明缺乏努力，这可能会惹恼接收者，但它们也可能被视为随意，增进亲密感。然后，研究人员检查了大量的在线对话，得出的结论是，人们不太可能回复喜欢使用缩写的人。)”可知，斯坦福大学博士生David Fang想知道这种习惯是增强还是削弱了数字交流，研究人员检查了大量的在线对话，得出的结论是，人们不太可能回复喜欢使用缩写的人，所以Fang的团队进行这项研究是为了弄清楚使用缩略语的影响。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段“They also asked participants to rate text conversations they had received in real life. People described messages with abbreviations as being less sincere, and indicated that they weren’t ready to reply. (他们还要求参与者对他们在现实生活中收到的短信对话进行评分。人们认为带有缩写的信息不那么真诚，并表示他们还没准备好回复。)”可知，缩写信息不太可能得到回复是因为这类信息在某种程度上反映了不真诚。故选D项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Fang also says that those who intentionally chop letters off their words are trying to show they don’t care. “If you want to show the other person that you’re not taking this very seriously, then these abbreviations might be well-suited. Otherwise, if you’re trying to make a good impression, think twice,” he adds. (Fang还说，那些故意省略单词字母的人是在试图表明他们不在乎。他补充说：“如果你想让对方知道你对此不是很认真，那么这些缩写可能很合适。否则，如果你想给人留下好印象，要三思而后行。”)”可知，人们使用缩略语与否取决于他们的动机，动机不同，发短信的方式也不同。所以从最后一段可以得出人们的动机影响他们发短信的方式。故选C项。 （四） （2025·安徽马鞍山·二模） I was 17 when Julio Cortázar’s wildly experimental 1963 masterpiece, Hopscotch, fell into my hands, and that book almost drove me crazy. Cortázar cast conventional structure aside, willing the reader to jump between 155 short chapters. Only years later did I understand Cortázar. It was my first experience of the exciting unpredictability that lay ahead in my journey with books. Today’s book talk often presents reading somewhere between the wholesomeness of vegetables and the pleasures of a patisserie (法式糕点)：books are beneficial, good for you, or they’re a treat, a pleasure. But that leaves out the trickier, more delicate pleasures of tackling difficult books, the big challenges on our bookshelves that question your deepest values or make you uncomfortable in the right way. In a set of studies, two professors, Gay Ivey from the University of North Carolina and Peter Johnston from the University of Albany, found that reading difficult books about characters with complicated lives helped teenagers become more understanding, less judgmental, more likely to seek multiple viewpoints, morally stronger, and happier. One of my favorite writers, Sarah Chihaya, explores books that are “Life Ruiners” — books that “you can’t ever recover from, that you never stop thinking about”, books that leave you fundamentally changed. Reading books that refuse to be easily digested, “the ones that bring up anxieties and fears you never knew you had”, helped Chihaya to feel, as she writes, not “better”, but “simply different”. As with many life-long readers, the books that truly shaped me were not always pleasurable — but they were irresistible. You’re not always ready for every challenging read, of course. Timing matters. The American novelist Garth Greenwell said in a 2024 interview that at 20, he tried Frank Bidart’s poems and turned away; but just a few years later, “reading his poems would be one of the key literary experiences of my life”. If a book doesn’t work for you, don’t force yourself to finish it; but leave the door open to the idea that, like certain friendships, it might kindle (点燃) years later. 13．What does the author think of today’s book talk? A．It breaks tradition. B．It is rather structured. C．It truly lacks depth. D．It is alternative in style. 14．What did Ivey and Johnston’s studies show? A．Reasons for readers’ preference. B．Qualities to be observant readers. C．Ways to appreciate complex stories. D．Impacts of reading difficult books. 15．What effect did reading “Life Ruiners” have on Chihaya? A．Destructive. B．Productive. C．Transformative. D．Restrictive. 16．What does Greenwell’s experience suggest about reading great literature? A．It requires a literary mindset. B．It needs patience and readiness. C．It can be started with poetry. D．It brings new ideas and creativity. 【答案】13．C 14．D 15．C 16．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者对于阅读的看法以及阅读难读书籍的好处。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Today’s book talk often presents reading somewhere between the wholesomeness of vegetables and the pleasures of a patisserie (法式糕点)：books are beneficial, good for you, or they’re a treat, a pleasure. But that leaves out the trickier, more delicate pleasures of tackling difficult books, the big challenges on our bookshelves that question your deepest values or make you uncomfortable in the right way.(今天关于读书的演讲通常会把阅读放在蔬菜的健康和糕点的乐趣之间：读书是有益的，对你有好处，或者是一种享受，一种乐趣。但这忽略了阅读难读的书时更棘手、更微妙的乐趣，忽略了书架上那些质疑你最深层价值观或让你感到不适的重大挑战)”可知，作者认为今天的书确实缺乏深度。故选C。 14．细节理解题。根据第三段“In a set of studies, two professors, Gay Ivey from the University of North Carolina and Peter Johnston from the University of Albany, found that reading difficult books about characters with complicated lives helped teenagers become more understanding, less judgmental, more likely to seek multiple viewpoints, morally stronger, and happier.(北卡罗来纳大学的盖伊·艾维和奥尔巴尼大学的彼得·约翰斯顿教授在一系列研究中发现，阅读有关复杂生活人物的深奥书籍，有助于青少年变得更理解他人，更少评判，更有可能寻求多种观点，道德更坚强，更快乐)”可知，艾维和约翰斯顿的研究表明了阅读难读书籍的影响。故选D。 15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As with many life-long readers, the books that truly shaped me were not always pleasurable — but they were irresistible.(和许多终身读者一样，那些真正塑造了我的书并不总是令人愉悦的，但它们是不可抗拒的)”可知，读《生活毁灭者》对吉哈雅有着改造性的作用。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The American novelist Garth Greenwell said in a 2024 interview that at 20, he tried Frank Bidart’s poems and turned away; but just a few years later, “reading his poems would be one of the key literary experiences of my life”. If a book doesn’t work for you, don’t force yourself to finish it; but leave the door open to the idea that, like certain friendships, it might kindle (点燃) years later.(美国小说家加思·格林威尔在2024年的一次采访中说，20岁时，他试过弗兰克·比达特的诗，但读不进去了；但仅仅几年后，“阅读他的诗歌将成为我一生中重要的文学经历之一”。如果一本书不适合你，不要强迫自己把它读完；但是，你也可以考虑，就像某些友谊一样，它可能会在多年后重新燃起)”可知，格林威尔的经历说明了阅读伟大的文学作品需要耐心和准备。故选B。 （五） （2025·安徽黄山·二模） First they came for the eggs. Then the feta cheese, cottage cheese and cucumbers. In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred. Few topics are as appetizing to netizens as cooking, especially over the holidays. Food is the fourth-most popular subject on the internet, up from 17th place in 2009, according to GWI, a consumer-research firm. The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks. The internet has brought people without notable restaurants or cookbooks to chef stardom. For example, around 21 million people subscribe to the YouTube of Nick DiGiovanni, a 28-year-old, Harvard-educated food personality, about the same number as subscribe to that of Gordon Ramsay, a famous British chef. The fact that social media have caused interest in food to rise as fast as home-baked bread should not come as a surprise. Everyone has to eat, and cooking is a common hobby. Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third. Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube. Some viewers want to be entertained; others want to learn, travel or eat vicariously (感同身受地) through people more adventurous than they are. Online chefs and food boosters sell a lifestyle: you are what you eat, how you eat and what you watch about eating. 17．What caused some ingredients to be sold out in Iceland? A．The delicacy of those ingredients. B．The modest price of those ingredients. C．The inadequacy of online food contents. D．Food lovers’ rush to remake online videos. 18．What does the underlined word “gregarious” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Creative. B．Social. C．Convenient. D．Famous. 19．Why does the author mention Thanksgiving turkey cooking? A．To illustrate tastes differ in turkey cooking. B．To turn cooking into a widespread pastime. C．To show videos deliver clearer instructions. D．To suggest a preferred way of turkey cooking. 20．What is Buxton’s opinion about successful online food contents? A．They should be entertaining and instructive. B．They should be adventurous and healthy. C．They should be tailored to different needs. D．They should be devoted to a balanced lifestyle. 【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了网络烹饪视频对食材供应、烹饪社交性以及人们对食物兴趣的影响，解释了网络烹饪视频为何受欢迎，以及它们如何改变人们的烹饪习惯和社交方式。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In some countries, these ingredients (食材) were even out of stock: Iceland experienced a shortage of cucumbers, and feta briefly disappeared from grocery-store shelves. The reason for the mass purchases? Enthusiasts of online cooking were eager to recreate viral videos in which each of these ingredients starred.(在一些国家，这些食材甚至脱销了：冰岛遭遇了黄瓜短缺，羊乳酪也一度从杂货店的货架上消失不见。大规模抢购的原因是什么呢？网络烹饪爱好者们急切地想要复刻那些在网上走红的视频，而上述每一种食材都是这些视频的主角。)”可知，在冰岛一些食材脱销的原因是网络烹饪爱好者们急切地想要复刻那些在网上走红的视频，而这些食材是视频中的主角，也就是美食爱好者们争相翻拍网络视频导致了食材的脱销。故选D。 18．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上下文“The abundance of online-food contents not only causes occasional ingredient shortages when a video goes viral. It is also making cooking more gregarious. In eating broadcast videos, streamers can pig out food in front of a camera and field live comments from viewers and give instant feedbacks.(网络上丰富的美食内容不仅会在某个视频走红时偶尔导致食材短缺，还让烹饪变得更gregarious。在吃播视频中，主播们可以在镜头前大快朵颐，同时处理观众的实时评论并即时给出反馈。)”中的“在吃播视频中，主播们可以在镜头前大快朵颐，同时处理观众的实时评论并即时给出反馈。”可知，网络美食内容让烹饪不再只是个人的行为，而是通过网络视频的形式，让主播和观众之间有了互动和交流，这体现了烹饪变得更具社交性。选项B“social”意为“社交的”与此相符。故选B。 19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Video is also an efficient medium for instruction-more precise, in many ways, than the written word. Americans who recently cooked turkeys for Thanksgiving can testify that “golden brown” to one cook may look underdone to another and even burnt to a third.(视频也是一种高效的教学媒介——在很多方面，它比文字更加精确。最近为感恩节烹饪火鸡的美国人可以证明，对于一位厨师来说“呈金黄色”的火鸡，在另一位厨师眼里可能还没熟透，而在第三位厨师看来甚至可能已经烤焦了。)”可知，作者先指出视频是一种高效的教学媒介，在很多方面比文字更精确，然后以美国人烹饪感恩节火鸡为例，说明对于“金黄色”这个文字描述，不同的厨师理解不同，有的觉得没熟透，有的觉得烤焦了，通过这个例子来进一步表明视频能传递更清晰的指令，比文字更有优势。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Successful online food personalities “recognise and make a real effort to meet the specific needs of their viewers”, explains Madeline Buxton, culture and trends manager at YouTube.(YouTube的文化与趋势经理Madeline Buxton解释说，成功的网络美食名人“认识到并真正努力满足观众的特定需求”。)”可知，Madeline Buxton认为成功的网络美食内容创作者会认识到并真正努力去满足观众的特定需求，也就是说成功的网络美食内容应该是根据不同观众的不同需求来定制的。故选C。 （六） （2025·安徽黄山·二模） Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you’re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green. Go to a grocery store and you’ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero (净零排放). Unfortunately, this isn’t always the case. Painting a rosy picture of going green won’t actually work. This is why the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net-zero promises — which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. The Secretary-General is clear: “We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.” But why is greenwashing so bad? In part because the risks are so high. It’s not just false advertising: fake net zero claims drive up the cost that ultimately everyone will have to pay in order to stop climate change. Greenwashing also fuels public disbelief about climate issues and damages one of the few mechanisms we have to coordinate (协调) global action. To restore honesty to net zero commitment, the Secretary-General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards, definitions and criteria surrounding them. The report, called “Integrity Matters”, sets out what it means to make a net zero promise. Once in effect, the criteria clarify what does and doesn’t count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying. This means that we can know the company’s overall emissions are going down instead of buying cheap low quality credit in a short period of time. We also want companies to publicly and transparently disclose real progress they are or aren’t making to reduce their emissions. Work is underway to develop a credible, comprehensive public online database that we can check to see the progress a company is or isn’t making to reduce its emission. Today, we need a series of interconnected and dynamic moves for net zero goals. As Canada’s Minster of Environment and Climate Change, I saw the power of business, financial institutions, cities and regions to help accelerate positive change. 21．Why does the author list net zero claims in paragraph 1? A．To advertise green products. B．To present a phenomenon. C．To propose a suggestion. D．To criticize net zero. 22．Which of the following can best describe greenwashing? A．It advocates maintaining a positive lifestyle by walking. B．It is devoted to developing sustainable and green products. C．It dampens public enthusiasm for buying high quality goods. D．It is an act to offer misleading claims about cutting emissions. 23．What can we learn about Integrity Matters from the text? A．It can offer specific guidelines on environmental promise. B．It forces companies to declare their progress in going green. C．It has addressed public’s concerns over net zero promise. D．It may disqualify consumers to buy green products. 24．What might the author continue talking about? A．Examples of combined green efforts. B．Benefits of ensuring a sustainable planet. C．Rewards for genuine green action. D．Great influences of Integrity Matters. 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“漂绿”现象，即公司虚假宣传其环保或零排放承诺的行为。作者解释了漂绿的危害、介绍为恢复零排放承诺的诚实性所采取的措施，以及强调公开透明披露减排进展的重要性，并论述了漂绿问题的严重性和应对方法。 21．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Look through the pages of a business magazine or walk through an airport or train station and you’re likely to be surrounded with advertising from companies claiming to have gone green. Go to a grocery store and you’ll see everything from laundry washing powder to yogurt claiming to be net zero(净零排放).(翻阅一本商业杂志，或者走过一个机场或火车站，你很可能会被那些宣称已实现绿色发展的公司的广告所包围。走进一家杂货店，你会看到从洗衣粉到酸奶等各种商品都宣称实现了净零排放。)”可推测，作者列举在商业杂志、机场、火车站以及杂货店看到的各种产品宣称净零排放的情况，是为了呈现出当前社会上存在很多公司宣称实现绿色发展、净零排放这样一个现象。故选B。 22．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“This is why the United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres decided to blow the whistle and call on corporations to start walking the talk on their net-zero promises — which would require immediate action to cut greenhouse gas emissions as close to zero as possible. The Secretary-General is clear: “We cannot afford slow movers, fake movers or any form of greenwashing.”(这就是为什么联合国秘书长Antonio Guterres决定揭露真相，并呼吁各公司开始兑现其净零排放的承诺——这将需要立即采取行动，尽可能将温室气体排放削减至接近零。秘书长明确表示：“我们容不得行动迟缓者、虚假行动者，以及任何形式的漂绿行为。”)”可知，漂绿指的是一些公司只是宣称自己实现了净零排放等绿色目标，但实际上并没有采取真正的行动去切实减少温室气体排放，是一种提供关于减排的误导性宣称的行为。故选D。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“To restore honesty to net zero commitment, the Secretary-General established a global task force of 17 experts to look closely at the standards, definitions and criteria surrounding them. The report, called “Integrity Matters”, sets out what it means to make a net zero promise. Once in effect, the criteria clarify what does and doesn’t count towards a net zero goal as well as what is plainly disqualifying.(为了恢复净零排放承诺的诚信度，秘书长成立了一个由17名专家组成的全球特别工作组，以仔细研究围绕净零排放的标准、定义和准则。这份名为《诚信至关重要》的报告阐述了做出净零排放承诺意味着什么。一旦这些准则生效，它们将明确哪些因素可以计入净零排放目标，哪些不能计入，以及哪些因素显然不符合要求。)”可知，《诚信至关重要》这份报告是为了恢复对净零排放承诺的诚信度，它明确了做出净零排放承诺的意义，并且一旦生效，其中的标准会阐明哪些能计入净零排放目标，哪些不能计入，以及哪些明显不符合要求，也就是它可以为有关环境承诺提供具体的指导方针。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“As Canada’s Minster of Environment and Climate Change, I saw the power of business, financial institutions, cities and regions to help accelerate positive change.(作为加拿大环境与气候变化部长，我见证了企业、金融机构、城市和地区在助力加速积极变革方面的力量。)”可知，作者看到了企业、金融机构、城市和地区在加速积极变化方面的力量，由此可推测接下来作者可能会列举一些各方共同努力实现绿色目标的例子。故选A。 （七） （2025·安徽师范大学附属中学·二模） When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong. They like to drink it while reading a book near a warm fire. This tea has a smoky taste, and some people really like it, while others don’t. Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast. Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common. In 1646, soldiers passing through a Fujian village in the Wuyi Mountains camped in a tea factory filled with fresh leaves awaiting processing. When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour. They quickly dried it with pine fires and sold it to get some money back. To their surprise, the unusual tea was sold at a high price and eventually found its way to Dutch traders in Amoy, who were eager to fill their ships with as much tea — green or black — as they could acquire. The long sea trip from China to Amsterdam needed the tea to be well-preserved, and this special Wuyi tea kept its good quality even in the wet and tough conditions on the ship. One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey. I always slip a few teaspoons of dry tea leaves under the skin of the bird before placing it into the oven. Soon, the kitchen smells as if a fire has been lit in the fireplace, and guests comment on the smell when they enter the front door. What’s great is that the tea gives a smoky taste to the turkey juices, which makes my gravy (汤) taste better — an American Thanksgiving meal with a turkey that has a Chinese tea flavour. 25．Why did the author mention Winston Churchill and Lynn Redgrave? A．To show the tea’s popularity. B．To introduce two famous people. C．To describe their breakfast habits. D．To explain their unique preference. 26．Which is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “oxidized” in Paragraph 4? A．Lost weight. B．Changed colour. C．Got damaged. D．Became stronger. 27．How does the author use Lapsang Souchong usually? A．He drinks it before dinner. B．He gives it to guests as a gift. C．He adds it to the baking turkeys. D．He uses it to attract more customers. 28．Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A．The Legend of Lapsang Souchong. B．The Many Uses of Lapsang Souchong. C．Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story. D．Tea Trade: A means to Spread Chinese Culture. 【答案】25．A 26．B 27．C 28．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正山小种这种茶，包括它的来历、一些名人和作者自己对它的使用。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段“Winston Churchill liked it because it reminded him of his cigars (雪茄) and a type of whiskey. An actress named Lynn Redgrave also enjoyed it with milk for breakfast.(温斯顿·丘吉尔喜欢它，因为它让他想起了雪茄和一种威士忌。一位名叫林恩·雷德格雷夫的女演员也喜欢在早餐时加牛奶喝。)”可知，丘吉尔和林恩·雷德格雷夫都喜欢正山小种，作者提到他们是为了展示这种茶的受欢迎程度。故选A项。 26．词句猜测题。根据第四段“When the soldiers left and the workers could get back into the buildings, their delicate green leaves had oxidized to a red colour.(士兵离开后，工人们回到大楼，他们娇嫩的绿叶已经oxidized成红色。)”中“green leaves”和“red colour”可知，绿叶变成了红色，所以oxidized意为“变色”。故选B项。 27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of my favourite uses for Lapsang Souchong is as an ingredient for my Thanksgiving turkey.(我最喜欢用正山小种的地方之一就是作为我感恩节火鸡的配料。)”可知，作者通常将正山小种加到烤火鸡里。故选C项。 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When it gets cold, some customers come to my shop to buy a special tea with a hard-to-pronounce Chinese name Lapsang Souchong.(天气变冷时，一些顾客会到我的店里买一种很难发音的中国茶——正山小种。)”和第三段“Legend (传说) has it that Lapsang Souchong might have been the first black tea produced in China, where green teas were most common.(传说正山小种可能是中国最早生产的红茶，当时绿茶是最常见的。)”可知，文章主要介绍了正山小种这种茶，包括它的来历、一些名人和作者自己对它的使用，所以C项“Lapsang Souchong: A Tea with a Story(正山小种：一种有故事的茶)”最能概括文章内容。故选C项。 （八） （2025·安徽安庆·二模） Earthquakes, some unnoticeably quiet, hold the potential for destruction. Traditionally, seismologists have relied on seismometers (地震检波器) to detect and analyze earthquakes. However, this process has been filled with limitations, being both time-consuming and often imprecise. But the era of AI is coming. Zachary Ross from Caltech recognized the vast amounts of seismic data available in California and saw an opportunity for innovation. Ross initially focused on the countless tiny earthquakes that had previously avoided detection. By creating models of known seismic wave patterns and applying an algorithm (算法) to search for similar ones, he unearthed nearly two million previously hidden quakes between 2008 and 2017.This discovery uncovered a detailed and previously unseen fault network, providing crucial insights into the underground activity. Subsequently, Ross employed more advanced self-learning programs. These programs not only identified new types of seismic events, such as the long-lasting earthquakes in California and the previously undetected volcanic activity in Hawaii, but also predicted the characteristics of a wide variety of earthquakes. In the seismological community, there is a sense of cautious optimism regarding Ross's work.AI has the potential to change the field by processing seismic records with unmatched speed and precision, elevating the capabilities of scientists. For instance, it can handle multiple seismic records and present them in three dimensions far more quickly than humans. Nevertheless, there are concerns. Geoscientists who are not skilled in machine learning may struggle to keep up. There is a need to train the broader seismology community to understand and evaluate these AI-driven products. As these programs continue to progress and gain accuracy, they could significantly improve earthquake early-warning systems. In earthquake areas like Tokyo, AI is already being used to scan images and detect disasters such as fires and building collapses, enabling authorities to respond quickly. While AI offers great promise, it remains a tool. It is set to become an essential part of earthquake research, much like seismometers, but with the potential to unlock a new level of understanding and preparedness. 29．What is a disadvantage of the traditional earthquake detection method? A．It costs too much. B．It requires lots of data. C．It relies on many staff. D．It's slow and inaccurate. 30．What can we learn from Ross's discovery? A．It revealed a comprehensive unseen network. B．It exposed many undetectable earthquakes. C．It predicted new types of volcanic activities. D．It confused people about the underground event. 31．What does the underlined word “elevating” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Boosting. B．Restricting. C．Underestimating. D．Guaranteeing. 32．What's the author's attitude towards AI in earthquake research? A．Completely critical. B．Somewhat doubtful. C．Cautiously positive. D．Overly supportive. 【答案】29．D 30．A 31．A 32．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人工智能在地震研究中的应用。传统的地震检测方法存在局限性，而 Zachary Ross 利用人工智能算法取得了一些重要发现，虽然人工智能在地震研究中带来了希望，但也存在一些担忧。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“Traditionally, seismologists have relied on seismometers (地震检波器) to detect and analyze earthquakes. However, this process has been filled with limitations, being both time-consuming and often imprecise. (传统上，地震学家依靠地震检波器来检测和分析地震。然而，这个过程充满了局限性，既耗时又往往不准确。)”可知，传统地震检测方法的缺点是缓慢且不准确。故选D。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“This discovery uncovered a detailed and previously unseen fault network, providing crucial insights into the underground activity. (这一发现揭示了一个详细的、以前未被发现的断层网络，为地下活动提供了关键的见解。)”可知，Ross 的发现揭示了一个全面的、以前未被看到的网络。故选A。 31．词句猜测题。根据第四段“AI has the potential to change the field by processing seismic records with unmatched speed and precision(人工智能有潜力通过以无与伦比的速度和精度处理地震记录来改变这个领域)”可知，人工智能的速度和精度提升可地震记录，从而提升科学家的能力，所以“elevating”意思是“提升”。选项 A“Boosting.”（提升）符合文意，故选A。 32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While AI offers great promise, it remains a tool. It is set to become an essential part of earthquake research, much like seismometers, but with the potential to unlock a new level of understanding and preparedness. (虽然人工智能前景广阔，但它仍然是一种工具。它将成为地震研究的重要组成部分，就像地震检波器一样，但有可能开启一个新的理解和准备水平。)”可推知，作者对人工智能在地震研究中的态度是谨慎的积极。故选C。 （九） （2025·安徽池州·二模） Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education. In 2004, Wu became headmaster of Tangfang Primary School in Baling Town, Guizhou Province. At that time, the school was merely an old house, with 3 teachers and 75 students. Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports. In 2006, the school held its first sports meeting. “We carried a cement slab (水泥板) from 1.5 kilometers away and used wooden boards as a net for a table tennis competition,” Wu recalled. With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities. Now, basketball hoops (篮圈) are designed in three different sizes to suit students of different age groups, while sports equipment storage facilities are never locked up. Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot yield to other subjects. Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students. Wu hopes that the happy school memories will help graduates stay connected to their hometown and get ready for their future. 33．What inspired Wu to think of sports as a solution? A．Rich sports resources. B．Requirements from teachers. C．Students' lack of interest in study. D．Children's stress from examinations. 34．What does the underlined phrase "yield to" in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Compare with. B．Give in to. C．Contribute to. D．Take the place of. 35．Why does the author list the numbers in Paragraph 4? A．To show progress in grades. B．To highlight influences of sports. C．To stress the importance of study. D．To introduce types of sports activities. 36．Which can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Headmaster Transformed School With Sports B．A Unique Physical Education Class C．Students Made Breakthroughs in Competition D．The Life Story of a Headmaster 【答案】33．C 34．B 35．B 36．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕吴雄校长通过体育改变乡村学校的故事展开，重点描述了他如何利用体育提升学生的兴趣、健康和学业成绩。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Worse still, many children showed little interest in attending school. To address this issue, Wu had an idea: sports.(更糟糕的是，许多孩子对上学没什么兴趣。为了解决这个问题，吴有了一个想法：体育)”可知，吴校长想到用体育来解决学生对学习缺乏兴趣的问题。故选C项。 34．词句猜测题。根据上文的句子“With more money put into education, Tangfang Primary School got better facilities, but Wu still felt it necessary for students to participate in sporting activities.(随着更多的资金投入到教育中，堂坊小学得到了更好的设施，但吴仍然认为学生参加体育活动是必要的)”和空格前的“Wu also makes it a rule that PE cannot(吴还规定体育课不能)”可知，因为吴校长认为学生参加体育活动是必要的，所以他肯定是规定体育课不能给其它科目让步，所以划线短语yield to的意义为“屈服；让步”，与give in to意义一致。故选B项。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段的内容“Now, students have at least 2.5 hours set aside every day for physical activities. Among the 469 students of the school, only six wear glasses. Meanwhile, by participating in various sports competitions, the students learn how to deal with wins and losses properly. According to a recent report, the school's average scores have risen from below 30 in 2004 to over 80 in 2023. Sports have offered the students another way out of the mountains. More than 100 graduates of the school have entered middle schools as sports-focused students.(现在，学生们每天至少有2.5小时的时间用于体育活动。在学校的469名学生中，只有6人戴眼镜。同时，通过参加各种体育比赛，学生们学会了如何正确处理输赢。根据最近的一份报告，该校的平均分数从2004年的不到30分上升到2023年的80多分。体育运动为学生们走出大山提供了另一条出路。该校100多名毕业生以体育学生的身份进入了中学)”可推知，这些数据列举了学生的近视率低、学业成绩提升和体育特长生的升学情况，旨在强调体育对学生发展的积极影响。故选B项。 36．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Wu Xiong, a 40-year-old headmaster, has spent 20 years turning a once-deserted rural school in the mountains into a center for sports and education.(40岁的校长吴雄花了20年时间，把一所曾经荒废的山区农村学校变成了一个体育和教育中心)”可知，全文围绕吴校长通过体育改变乡村学校的故事展开，重点描述了他如何利用体育提升学生的兴趣、健康和学业成绩。由此可知，A项“Headmaster Transformed School With Sports(校长用体育改变了学校)”作为本文的题目，与文章主题相符合。故选A项。 （十） （2025·安徽合肥·二模） When thinking of TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) doctors, one might picture an elderly man with a long beard sitting in front of a medicine chest. However, He Suye, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by the 27-year-old actor Zhang Linghe, Mr. He is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work. he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors. The Best Thing follows Shen Xifan, a hotel manager suffering from frequent headaches and trouble sleeping. In her search for a cure, she meets Mr. He, and their relationship deepens through medical consultations. To play a genuine TCM practitioner, Zhang studied Chinese medicine with practicing physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的) and treatment methods. This process helped him gain a deeper appreciation for TCM’s integrated philosophy, which emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body, mind, and environment, viewing health as a balance between these elements. The drama creatively integrates TCM knowledge by naming each episode after a type of Chinese herbal medicine, connecting TCM’s healing methods to the storyline. For example, in one episode, Mr. He performs “wet cupping” to treat a breathing emergency, showcasing TCM’s role in critical care. The drama particularly appeals to younger viewers. With the growing integration of TCM and Western medicine, as well as expanding international exchanges, TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities. For instance, acupuncture (针灸) is now covered in health insurance plans in many countries. Zhang Linghe believes that passion is the driving force behind a successful career - just like his character, He, who remains committed to his path in TCM despite numerous challenges, including initial opposition from his father. Zhang hopes to introduce TCM to a global audience, especially younger generations, through the drama’s release on international platforms. 37．What do we know about He Suye? A．He challenges the principles of TCM. B．He is an actor starring in The Best Thing. C．He presents a modern image of a TCM doctor. D．He has the same hobbies as other TCM doctors. 38．Why did Zhang Linghe learn TCM techniques? A．To prepare for the role. B．To treat his own illnesses. C．To become a practicing physician. D．To appreciate TCM’s philosophy. 39．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning acupuncture? A．To explain the diverse changes in future careers. B．To demonstrate TCM’s international recognition. C．To show the drama’s popularity among younger viewers. D．To emphasize TCM’s advantages over Western medicine. 40．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．A Traditional Approach to TCM B．A New Vision for TCM’s Future C．Exploring the Ancient Roots of TCM D．Redefining TCM for a Global Audience 【答案】37．C 38．A 39．B 40．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电视剧《最好的相遇》通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段“However, He Suye, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by the 27-year-old actor Zhang Linghe, Mr. He is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work. he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors. (然而，在最新的医疗爱情剧《最好的相遇》中，年轻而有才华的医生何素野挑战了传统形象。何先生由27岁的演员张令河饰演，是一名性格温和的专业中医，但在工作之外。他喜欢滑板和麻辣烫（一种火锅），这改变了人们对中医的普遍看法)”可知，He Suye打破传统中医刻板印象，展现现代形象。故选C。 38．细节理解题。根据第二段“To play a genuine TCM practitioner, Zhang studied Chinese medicine with practicing physicians, learning traditional diagnostic (诊断的) and treatment methods. (为了扮演一名真正的中医，张向执业医师学习中医，学习传统的诊断和治疗方法)”可知，Zhang学习中医技术是为了扮演一名真正的中医，即为这个角色做准备。故选A。 39．推理判断题。根据第四段“With the growing integration of TCM and Western medicine, as well as expanding international exchanges, TCM practitioners and students now have more diverse career opportunities. For instance, acupuncture (针灸) is now covered in health insurance plans in many countries. (随着中西医结合的不断发展，以及国际交流的不断扩大，中医从业者和学生现在有了更多样化的就业机会。例如，针灸现在被纳入许多国家的医疗保险计划)”可推知，作者提及针灸被多国医保覆盖，说明中医在国际上得到认可，即展示中医药的国际认可度。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, He Suye, a young and talented physician in the latest medical-romance drama The Best Thing, challenges that traditional image. Played by the 27-year-old actor Zhang Linghe, Mr. He is a professional TCM specialist with a gentle personality, but outside of work. he enjoys hobbies like skateboarding and malatang, a type of hotpot, reshaping common views of TCM doctors. (然而，在最新的医疗爱情剧《最好的相遇》中，年轻而有才华的医生何素野挑战了传统形象。何先生由27岁的演员张令河饰演，是一名性格温和的专业中医，但在工作之外。他喜欢滑板和麻辣烫（一种火锅），这改变了人们对中医的普遍看法)”及最后一段“Zhang hopes to introduce TCM to a global audience, especially younger generations, through the drama’s release on international platforms. (张希望通过这部剧在国际平台上的上映，将中医介绍给全球观众，尤其是年轻一代)”可知，本文主要介绍了电视剧《最好的相遇》，这部电视剧通过年轻中医形象，向全球推广现代中医文化，即年轻中医形象为全球受众重新定义中医，并向全球推广。由此可知，D选项“Redefining TCM for a Global Audience (为全球观众重新定义中医)”最适合作本文标题。故选D。 （十一） （2025·安徽蚌埠·二模） Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures. Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge? In Amsterdam, the Dutch capital, local officials believe so. That’s why they want to replace boring playgrounds with spaces that allow kids to play with water, climb, sword-fight with sticks, wrestle and fall. “The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.” Taking risks is children’s nature. Babies start to pull themselves up on furniture even before they can stand. Older children are introduced to a large range of activities that come with potential risk like working with tools. “Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.” While it is still parents’ job to keep kids safe in playgrounds, it is important to make informed choices before prohibiting risky play. That’s why parents should practice what Brussoni calls the 17-second rule. So instead of telling your child not to climb a tree so high or run so fast, take 17 seconds and observe how your child is doing and what they are able to do. “This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play. 41．What are the current playgrounds like? A．They are challenging for kids. B．They are basically free of risks. C．They are full of funny elements. D．They are tailored to risk-takers’ nature. 42．Why does Rob Hofland want to bring back risk play? A．To motivate children to become more active. B．To obey the latest health guidelines in Europe. C．To train potential champions in the sports field. D．To inspire children to invent smarter devices. 43．What does Brussoni stress in paragraph 5? A．Requirements for tackling risks. B．Features of predictable risks. C．Ways to engage in risky play. D．Benefits risky play can bring. 44．What does Brussoni advise parents to do? A．Stop observing their adventurous kids. B．Act as a role model for less brave kids. C．Allow their kids to explore their potential. D．Prevent their kids from doing risky sports. 【答案】41．B 42．A 43．D 44．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是如今的儿童游玩场地几乎没有任何冒险设施。这样的游乐场地真的适合孩子们吗？是否应该恢复冒险游戏？ 41．细节理解题。根据第一段“Playgrounds have been made significantly safer. There are soft surfaces to play on and all the dangerous play equipment like tall metal slides where children jumped on and off at high speeds have been replaced by much safer plastic swings and climbing structures.(操场变得更加安全。这里有柔软的地面可供玩耍，所有危险的游乐设备，比如让孩子们高速上下的高金属滑梯，都被更安全的塑料秋千和攀爬结构所取代。)”以及第二段“Has removing the risk also removed the fun and the challenge?(移除风险是否也会移除乐趣和挑战？)”可知，目前的儿童游玩场地基本没有危险设施。故选B项。 42．推理判断题。根据第三段““The inspiration is that children are hardly moving, which is a huge problem,” says Rob Hofland, one of the officials. “They are attracted to a more engaging screen, sitting still for hours. We are learning about how unhealthy it is that the Dutch — the sitting champions of Europe — are so inactive. Things need to change and it starts young.”(“孩子们几乎不动，这是一个大问题。”其中一名官员Rob Hofland表示，“他们会被更吸引人的屏幕所吸引，一坐就是几个小时。我们正在了解到，荷兰人——欧洲的卫冕冠军——如此不活跃是多么不健康。事情需要改变，而且要从年轻的时候开始。”)”可知，Rob Hofland提到，孩子们现在大多更喜爱看电子产品，这导致他们很少运动，健康状况堪忧，因此他认为需要改变现状。由此可推断，他想要恢复冒险游戏是想鼓励孩子们多运动。故选A项。 43．推理判断题。根据第五段““Risky play is really a fundamental way for children to figure out the world,” says Mariana Brussoni, a professor at the University of British Columbia. “Engaging in risky play helps them to develop self-confidence, resilience, executive functioning abilities, as well as risk assessment.”(“冒险游戏确实是孩子们了解世界的一种基本方式，”不列颠哥伦比亚大学教授Mariana Brussoni说。“参与冒险游戏有助于他们培养自信、适应力、执行能力和风险评估能力。”)”可知，在第五段Brussoni主要强调冒险游戏的益处。故选D项。 44．推理判断题。根据最后一段““This will provide your children the opportunity to figure out for themselves what’s comfortable and what they can do,” says Brussoni, adding that the most important thing you can do is get out of the way and just let children play.(Brussoni说：“这将为你的孩子提供一个机会，让他们自己弄清楚什么是舒适的，他们可以做什么。”他补充说，你能做的最重要的事情就是让开，让孩子们去玩。)”可推断，Brussoni建议父母允许孩子探索他们的潜能。故选C项。 （十二） （2025·安徽蚌埠·二模） In the history of life on Earth, organisms have relied on the light of the sun, the moon and stars to find their way and schedule their lives. While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans, it has done much harm to the natural world. Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN), light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it. Now, a new study from the University of Plymouth adds another finding about how ALAN is affecting coral reefs (珊瑚礁): Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning (产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce. Using a combination of light pollution data and spawning observations, researchers are able to show for the first time that corals exposed to ALAN are spawning one to three days earlier and closer to the full moon compared to those on unlighted reefs. Corals release eggs on certain nights of the year, guided by lunar cycles. If corals are spawning on different nights, inspired to do so by the confusion of light pollution, it could reduce the likelihood of coral eggs being fertilized and surviving to produce new adult corals that help reefs to recover. “Coral reefs are among the most biodiverse and economically important ecosystems on the planet. Mass bleaching (白化) events caused by climate change, habitat destruction, fisheries, water pollution and other disturbances have reduced coral reefs substantially since the 1950s,” these worried researchers write. “The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.” “If we want to reduce the harm ALAN is causing, we can delay switching on night-time lighting in coastal regions to ensure the natural dark period between sunset and moonrise that guides spawning remains complete,” says lead author Dr. Thomas Davies. Obviously, light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix. Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix, but light pollution? We just need to turn off the lights when necessary. That can make a significant difference to the natural world. 45．What does the underlined word “boon” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Blessing. B．Demonstration. C．Trend. D．Crisis. 46．How does ALAN affect corals? A．It blinds new adult corals. B．It misleads them into spawning. C．It keeps them from reproducing. D．It encourages coral egg hunting. 47．Why do the researchers feel worried? A．Corals are exposed to moonlight. B．Corals are likely to become extinct. C．Corals have lost their ecological value. D．Corals cause disturbances to fisheries. 48．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To analyze the impact of human activity. B．To emphasize the significant role of corals. C．To reveal the root sources of corals’ decline. D．To call for action to reduce light pollution. 【答案】45．A 46．B 47．B 48．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，沿海城市的光污染会诱导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵，大大降低珊瑚卵的受精成功率和珊瑚的存活率。这一发现进一步证明了光污染的危害。因此，作者呼吁减少光污染。 45．词句猜测题。根据第一段“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans, it has done much harm to the natural world.(虽然19世纪末电灯的出现对人类来说是一个……，但它对自然界却造成了很大的危害。)”可知，电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音。画线词的词义与harm相反，与Blessing最接近。故选A。 46．细节理解题。根据第二至四段，尤其是第二段“Light pollution from coastal cities can trick them into spawning (产卵) outside of the appropriate times when they would normally reproduce. (沿海城市的光污染可以诱使它们在正常繁殖的适当时间之外产卵。)”可知，夜间人造灯光会误导珊瑚在正常产卵时间以外产卵。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据第五段的内容，尤其是“The complete loss of corals is anticipated over the next 100 years.(预计珊瑚将在未来100年内完全消失。)”可知，珊瑚很可能会灭绝，这令研究人员担忧。故选B。 48．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“While the emergence of electric lighting in the late 19th century may have been a boon to humans, it has done much harm to the natural world. Among the negative impacts of artificial light at night (ALAN), light pollution leads migrating birds to cities with terrible consequences, contributes to the alarming decline in insect populations, and convinces sea turtles to climb away from the water instead of towards it.(虽然19世纪末电灯的出现对人类来说是一个福音，但它对自然界却造成了很大的危害。在夜间人造光（ALAN）的负面影响中，光污染导致候鸟迁徙到城市，造成可怕的后果，导致昆虫数量惊人的下降，并使海龟从水中爬出而不是向水中爬去。)”和最后一段“Obviously, light pollution is one of the least complicated pollution sources to fix. Solving plastic pollution and greenhouse gas emissions will take a humanity-wide sea change to fix, but light pollution? We just need to turn off the lights when necessary. That can make a significant difference to the natural world.(显然，光污染是最容易解决的污染源之一。解决塑料污染和温室气体排放问题需要人类范围内的彻底改变，但光污染呢？我们只需要在必要的时候关灯。这可以对自然界产生重大影响。)”可知，本文旨在呼吁采取行动减少光污染。故选D。 （十三） （2025·安徽六校联考·二模） At dusk and dawn, the sky dances with three phases of in-between light. When the sun has just set in the west, the sky changes from the vibrant blue of afternoon to a more relaxed tone, as if it’s settling down for the evening. Soon the east will darken even as the west goes through an abundance of reds, oranges and yellows. And then, at last, the black of night will reign once again. Astronomers are so familiar with twilight (黄昏) that we’ve classified its various stages. The first that occurs after sunset is called civil twilight, so named because when the sun is just below the horizon, the sky is still bright enough for people to conduct typical “daytime” outdoor activities. This is also when you’re likely to see the most colors in the sky toward the west. Those same molecules (微粒) that distribute sunlight don’t do so randomly; the angle of distributing depends on the color of the light. All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets. The next phase is nautical twilight, when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon. The sky maybe a deep purple, and stars begin to appear. The term “nautical twilight” came about because sailors used the stars to get their bearings, and it’s at this time of the early evening that celestial navigation (天文导航) becomes possible. After that comes astronomical twilight. This is when the sun is 12 to 18 degrees below the horizon and the sky finally appears black, with the stars truly shining. We call it astronomical twilight because it may look dark to your eye, but through a telescope, the sky is still bright enough to intervene in some observations. This last phase of twilight concludes once the sun drops below 18 degrees; the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night. 49．What does the underlined word “reign” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Fade away. B．Draw near. C．End up. D．Take over. 50．What causes breathtaking sunsets during the civil twilight? A．The standout of red colors. B．The absence of artificial light. C．The reflection of colorful tones. D．The distribution of all colors of light. 51．What can we learn about the three phases of twilight? A．Each twilight is characterized by the sun’s position. B．Each twilight allows for various scientific researches. C．Nautical twilight is too bright to use celestial navigation. D．Astronomical twilight is ideal for telescope observations. 52．What will the author introduce next? A．The impacts of twilight. B．The interpretations of twilight. C．The process of observing stars. D．The working conditions of astronomers. 【答案】49．D 50．A 51．A 52．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了黄昏的不同阶段及其特点，包括民用暮光、航海暮光和天文暮光，解释了各个阶段天空颜色变化的原因以及它们在天文学中的应用。 49．词义猜测题。根据第一段中“At dusk and dawn, the sky dances with three phases of in-between light. When the sun has just set in the west, the sky changes from the vibrant blue of afternoon to a more relaxed tone, as if it’s settling down for the evening. Soon the east will darken even as the west goes through an abundance of reds, oranges and yellows. And then, at last, the black of night will reign once again(在黄昏和黎明，天空在三个阶段的中间光中跳舞。当太阳刚刚在西方落下时，天空从下午的充满活力的蓝色变成了一种更轻松的色调，好像它正在为晚上的到来而安定下来。很快东方就会变暗，即使西方经历了丰富的红色、橙色和黄色。然后，最后，黑夜将再次reign一切)”可知，黄昏和黎明分为三个阶段，上文提到了前两个阶段，可推理出此处说的是最后一个阶段黑夜将再次占据天空，可推理出“reign”意为“占据，接管”。故选D项。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段中“All the blue light from the sun is sent away in all directions, leaving only the redder colors to shine through, thus creating those breathtaking sunsets(太阳的所有蓝光被向四面八方送走，只留下红色系的光芒穿透过来，从而创造出那些令人惊叹的日落景色)”可知，民用暮光期间令人惊叹的日落是由于只有红色光能够穿透并闪耀，即红色光的突出表现。故选A项。 51．细节理解题。根据第二段“The first that occurs after sunset is called civil twilight, so named because when the sun is just below the horizon, the sky is still bright enough for people to conduct typical “daytime” outdoor activities(日落后发生的第一阶段被称为民用暮光，之所以这样命名，是因为当太阳刚刚低于地平线时，天空仍然足够明亮，人们可以从事典型的“白天”户外活动)”可知民用暮光发生在太阳刚落到地平线以下时；根据第三段“The next phase is nautical twilight, when the sun is between 6 and 12 degrees below the horizon(下一阶段是航海暮光，此时太阳在地平线以下6到12度之间)”可知航海暮光发生在太阳在地平线以下6到12度时；根据第四段“After that comes astronomical twilight. This is when the sun is 12 to 18 degrees below the horizon and the sky finally appears black, with the stars truly shining(之后是天文暮光。此时太阳在地平线以下12到18度，天空终于看起来是黑色的，星星真正地闪烁着)”可知，天文暮光发生在太阳在地平线以下12到18度时。由此可知，每个暮光阶段的特点是由太阳的位置决定的。故选A项。 52．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This last phase of twilight concludes once the sun drops below 18 degrees; the sky becomes fully dark, and it is time for astronomers to enjoy the beginning of their work night(一旦太阳降到18度以下，这个最后的黄昏阶段就结束了；天空完全变黑，天文学家们可以享受他们工作之夜的开始了)”可知，文章最后介绍了天文暮光结束后天空完全变黑，天文学家开始他们的工作夜晚。由此可推测，接下来作者可能会介绍天文学家在这种黑暗环境下观测星空的过程。故选C项。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$