【预习领跑】专题05选必一Unit5 (知识全梳理&考点精准练)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）（人教版2019）

专题05 选必一Unit5 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：一、高频词变形速通； 二、语境为王-短语指南 三、 核心词通关攻略 练习题 讲典例：重点句型精讲精练 练考点 强知识：核心词考点加强练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 1、 高频词变形速通 1.devote. v. 把…用于;献身;致力;专心 →devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心 →devoted adj 忠诚的 2.shortage：n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的 →shorten：v. 缩短 3.boost v. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 →近义： enhance；elevate；stimulate 4.convince v 使信服 → convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 → convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 5. character n. ①特点，特色 ②文字 ③ 人物;角色 → characteristic ① n. 特征;特点;品质② adj. 典型的;独特的 6.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → convention n. 习俗；集会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术上的）传统手法，传统风 7. assumption n.假定；承担；获得 → assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装 8. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜（overcame ；overcome） → 近义词：defeat；surmount 9. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 v. 输出 （output ；output）→ input n. 投入，输进 10. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensity n. 强烈；强度 11. attain v. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 → attainable：adj. 可达到的；可获得的 12. estimate v. /n.估计；估价；估算 → estimation n. 评价；估计 → overestimate v/ n 高估 13.tackle v. 解决；应付（局面）；处理 →同义：handle；address短语：deal with =cope with 处理；应付 14. generate v. 产生；引起 → generation n 产生；代 →generator n 发电机 15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 → visual adj. 视觉的；视力的 16. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐 17. expand v扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务）→ expansion n扩展；膨胀 18. domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → domestically adv. 本国地；国内地 19. consumption n消耗；消耗量；消费 → consume v消费；消耗 →consumer消费者 20. contain v包括；包含；由……组成 →container n容器 21. reality n现实；实际情况；事实 →real adj真的；真实的→really adv真实地；事实上非 22. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 →suburban adj.郊区的;市郊的 →rural adj.乡村的;农村的。 23. extension n. 延伸;扩大; 电话分机 → extend vt.使伸长,延长 24. chemical adj.与化学有关的 n.化学制品;化学品 →chemistry n.化学→ chemist n 化学家 25. nutritional adj.营养(物)的 → nutrition n.营养;滋养 → nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrient n 营养物质 → nutritionist n营养学家 26. bacterium n. → (pl. bacteria) 细菌→datum - data数据 →medium - media媒介 27. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 →同义：ease、relieve、lessen 28. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 →mine ①pron 我的② n 矿井；矿③v开矿，采矿→ miner n矿工 29. grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货 → store/shop n商店 →supermarket n大型超市 30. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的；广泛的 31. digest v ①消化 ②领会;领悟n 摘要；概要；文摘 → digestion n 消化；领悟 → digestible adj 易消化的；可理解的 32. essential ①adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 ②n.必需品 →essentially adv 本质上；基本上 33. alternative ①n.可供选择的事物 ②adj.可供替代的;非传统的 →alternatively adv 本质上;基本上二者择一地;或者 34. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源v （使）生根 → rooted adj 根深蒂固的 35. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → organ n. 器官；机构；管风琴 36. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 →pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 37. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 →poor adj.贫穷的；贫寒的 38. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) → deep adj. 深的；→deepen v.(使)变深；加深 39. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 → entire adj. 完全的;全部的二、单句语法填空 二、语境为王-短语指南 1.take / go on a rail journey来一场火车之旅 2.range from ... to ... 从...到...变化，包括（从...到...）之间的各类事物 3.on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋海岸 4.rather than 而不是 5.all the way 一路上 6.by rail 乘坐火车 7.start out 出发 8.be typical of sth 是...的典型代表 9.take a boat ride 乘船 10.look out over the city 俯瞰城市 11.take a pleasant hike 愉快的徒步旅行 12.pass through 穿过 13.take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 14.a coach bound north 开往北方的长途汽车 15. in addition to sth 除...之外（还） 16.mountain peaks 山峰 17.oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业 18.freezing cold 极冷的，冻僵的（freeze - froze - frozen） 19.be home to sth 是...的家乡 20.in fact 实际上，事实上 21.anticipate doing sth 预料做某事 22.a bunch of 一束，一串，一群 23.wake up 醒来（wake - woke - woken） 24.thunder on 轰鸣向前 25.rolling hills 起伏的群山 26.pull back the curtains / draw the curtains 拉开窗帘 27.on the southern border 在南部边境 28.all in all 总之 29.take a duration of 4 days 历时4天 30.be impressed by sth 对...印象深刻 31.date back to... 追溯到... 32.be unique to sth 为...所独有 33.enroll in sth 报名参加... 34.a massive amount of money大笔的钱 35.a plane bound for Toronto 一架开往多伦多的飞机 36.make a living 谋生 37.be satisfied with 对...满意 38.an experience of a lifetime 一生难忘的经历 39.compare... with...将...与...比较 40.Words fail me 无法用语言表达 41.kill time 消磨时间 42.You name it. 凡你能说得出的，应有尽有的 43.contrary to sth 与...相反 44.proceed to sth 继续... 45.go on a tour of sth 游览... 46.in the distance 在远处，在远方 47.be available for dinner 有空用餐 48.over dinner 用餐期间 49.chat with sb 与某人聊天 （chat - chatted） 50.in contrast to sth 与...形成对比 51.be close to sth 与...靠近/邻近 52.owe it to oneself that... 认为自己应该... 53.dream of sth 梦见，梦想 三、核心词通关攻略 1. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 考频：★★★ Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. (P50)确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 【拓展】 (1) devote one’s life/oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事 (2) devote one’s time/energy/attention/...to (doing) sth. 把某人的时间/精力/注意力/……用到(做)某事上 (3) devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的 be devoted to... 对……挚爱/忠诚/投入 (4) devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱；挚爱 (5) devoting oneself to...或devoted to...常在句中作状语、补语或定语。 He told us that there were nearly three hundred teachers devoting themselves to teaching in the school. 他告诉我们学校有将近300名老师致力于教学工作。 Devoted to his scientific research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family. 他致力于他的科研工作，没有时间与家人共度周末。 【拓展】 短语“devote...to...”中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时应用其动名词形式,类似用法的短语还有: look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事 be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事 object to doing sth.反对做某事 get down to doing sth.开始做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 be equal to doing sth.能胜任做某事 be/get used/accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事 adapt/adjust (oneself) to doing sth.(使自己)适应做某事 2. tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 考频：★☆☆ To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. (P50) 为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 【例句】 There is more than one way to tackle the problem. 解决这个问题不止一个办法。 It needs to be tackled with education. 这个问题需要通过教育来解决。 He announced new measures to tackle the illegal crops. 他宣布将采用新措施打击非法种植。 3. convince vt.使相信，使信服；说服，劝说 考频：★★★ Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (教材P50) 袁坚信,答案就在杂交水稻的培育中。 【例句】 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. 我尽力说服自己，麻烦在于这个问题本身，而不在我。 How can I convince you of her honesty? 我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？ I hope this will convince you to change your mind. 我希望这会说服你改变主意。 I was convinced that I saw you there. 我坚信看见你在那里了。 I am convinced of her innocence. 我坚信她是无辜的。 The data you have collected is not enough to be convincing. 你们收集的材料说服力不足。 【拓展】 (1) convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (4) convinced adj. 坚信，深信，确信(描述人的感受) (be) convinced of/that... 坚信……，确信…… (5) convincing adj. 令人信服的(描述物的特性) 4. attain /ə'teɪn/ vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 考频：★★☆ One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (P50)杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。 【例句】 Most of our students attained five “A” grades in their exams. 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。 More women are attaining positions of power. 越来越多的女性获得要职。 A glorious victory could be attained only by effort and patience. 辉煌的胜利只有靠努力和耐心才能获得。 5. intense /ɪn'tens/ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 考频：★☆☆ Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (P50) 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 【拓展】 intense competition 激烈的竞争 【例句】 Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed. 如今的年轻人面临极大的成功压力。 He’s very intense about everything. 他对一切都很热心。 6. overcome /əʊvə'kʌm/ vt. （overcame, overcome） 克服；解决；战胜 考频：★☆☆ Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (P50) 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 【例句】 She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 Her financial problems could no longer be overcome. 她的经济困难再也无法克服。 The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue. 两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。 7. estimate /'estɪmət/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 考频：★★☆ Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, ... (P50) 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作 物，…… 【拓展】 estimate sth. at... 估算某物为…… be estimated to do sth. 被估计为…… It is estimated (that)．.. 据估计，…… 【例句】 It is estimated that the project will last four years. 据估计，这项工程将用时四年。 I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 8. assumption n．[C]假定，假设 考频：★★★ 考频：★★☆ The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (教材P50) 当时的普遍假设是那是不可能做到的。 【例句】 It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 We’re working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。 There were many big technology companies with good resources. I just assumed one of them would do it. 有很多大的科技公司都有好的资源，我只是假设其中一个大公司会做这件事。 It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue voluntary work. 人们认为，那些把志愿者的角色看成是他们个人身份中很重要的一部分的人最有可能会继续做志愿者工作。The virus came without people's being aware of it and it was initially assumed to be a common one. But with more cases reported, it proved wrong. 病毒在人们还没有意识到它的时候就来了,最初人们认为它是一种普通病毒。但是,随着报道案例的增加,证明了它是错误的。 【拓展】 (1) make assumptions/an assumption about... 对……做假设 (2) on the assumption that... 假定……，假设…… (3) assume vt. 假设；认为；承担(责任)；就(职) assume...to be...认为……是……;假定……是…… It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为…… 【名师提醒】 assuming以及suppose、supposing、providing、provided引导的从句相当于if、on condition that引导的条件 9. comprise /kəm'praɪz/ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 考频：★★☆ Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, ... (P51) 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作 物，…… 【拓展】 be comprised of ... 包括；包含；由……组成（或构成） 【例句】 The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 这座房子有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室。 The committee is comprised of well-known mountaineers. 委员会由知名的登山运动员组成。 【名师提醒】 be composed of 由……组成 consist of 由……组成 be made up of 由……组成，构成 10. leisure /'leʒə(r)/ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 考频：★☆☆ Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(P51) 鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 【拓展】 leisure activities/interests/pursuits 业余活动／爱好／嗜好 【例句】 Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time. 现在大多数人都喜欢工作时间短些，闲暇时间多些。 Come round for lunch and then we can discuss it at leisure. 有空过来吃午饭吧，我们可以慢慢讨论。 10. vision /'vɪʒn/ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 考频：★★☆ His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, ... (P51) 他后来的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实，……。 【例句】 The couple moved outside her field of vision. 这对夫妇离开了她的视野。 Tears blurred her vision. 泪水模糊了她的视线。 【拓展】 envision vt. 展望；想象 They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease. 他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。 11. extension /ɪk'stenʃn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机考频：★☆☆ ..., is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. (P52) ……由两条有望成为伦敦地铁延伸的大型隧道组成。 【例句】 The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities. 银行计划多方面扩展信贷服务。 There are telephone extensions in every room. 每个房间都有电话分机。 【拓展】 extend v. 使伸长；扩大；扩展 extensive adj. 广阔的；广大的；大量的 12. flavour (NAmE -vor) /'fleɪvə/ n. 味道；特点；特色 考频：★☆☆ However, what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour. (P53) 然而，她不满意的是它们营养价值变低了，味道也变差了。 【例句】 The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce. 番茄使调味汁别有风味。 A pinch of herbs will add flavour to any dish. 加一撮香草可以给任何菜肴提味。 The stories have a strong regional flavour. 这些故事有很强的地区特色。 13. nutrition /nju'trɪʃn/ n. 营养；滋养考频：★☆☆ 【例句】 Nutrition and exercise are essential to fitness and health. 营养和运动是保持健康所必不可少的。 To achieve this goal, food security and nutrition need to improve. 为了实现这一目标，需要改善食品安全和营养。 【拓展】 nutritional adj. 营养（物）的 nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious foods. 选择好吃的、有营养的食品总是很重要的。 14. organic /ɔ:'gænɪk/ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 考频：★☆☆ 【例句】 Organic farming is better for the environment. 有机耕作对环境较为有利。 Improve the soil by adding organic matter. 加入有机物以改良土壤。 The shop sells organic food. 这家商店出售有机食品。 【拓展】 organic adj. 器官的；统一的；关联的 They believe in the organic unity of the universe. 他们相信宇宙的统一整体性。 15. widespread /'waɪdspred/ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 考频：★☆☆ Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. (P55) 自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。 【例句】 The plan received widespread support throughout the country. 这项计划得到了全国的普遍支持。 The storm caused widespread damage. 暴风雨造成了大范围的破坏。 Plastic is in widespread use. 塑料已被广泛地使用。 16.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 考频：★★☆ This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. (P55) 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 【例句】 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits. 增加生产会继而增加利润。 People are influenced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. 人们受环境影响，反过来又影响他们周围的环境。 【拓展】 in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流；依次 take turns doing/to do... 轮流做…… It's one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事 17.digest /daɪ'dʒest/ vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 /ˈdaɪdʒest/ n. 摘要；文摘 考频：★★☆ This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. (P55) 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 【例句】 You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. 饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。 He paused, waiting for her to digest the information. 他停了一会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。 In cases like this, you can try making a digest of your notes. 在这种情况下，你可以试着做一个笔记摘要。 18. essential /ɪ'senʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 考频：★☆☆ They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, ... (P55) 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，……。 【拓展】 (1) be essential to/for 对……很重要 (2) It is essential for sb. to do... “对某人来说做……是完全必要的” (3) It is essential that... (should) do... “做……是完全必要的” 【例句】 A good diet is essential for everyone. 良好的饮食对于每个人都是极为重要的。 It is essential that our pilots are given the best possible training. 我们的飞行员要受到最好的培训，这是必不可少的。 19. alternative /ɔ:l'tɜ:nətɪv/ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 考频：★☆☆ As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55) 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 【例句】 Have you any alternative suggestions ? 你有没有别的建议？ Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners of alternative medicine. 针刺疗法被非西方传统医学从业者广泛利用。 I had no alternative but to report him to the police. 除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。 (1) have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做……的选择，可以做…… there’s no alternative...but to do sth. ……别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to... ……的替代品 (2) alternatively adv. 可供选择地 【名师提醒】 “别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.； can’t do sth. but do sth.； can do nothing but do sth.等。 在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。 20. instance /'ɪnstəns/ n. 例子；实例；事例 考频：★★☆ For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. (P56) 例如，他们可能第一年在田里种植玉米或小麦，第二年改种豆类。 【拓展】 for instance 例如；比如 【例句】 In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment. 多数情况下，不必继续治疗。 We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport. 我们需要重新考虑我们使用能源的方式，例如我们的运输方式。 21. depth /depθ/ n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）考频：★★☆ Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. (P56) 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 【例句】 Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres. 许多海豚可潜到 200 米深。 The depth of the shelves is 30 centimetres. 书架的深度为 30 厘米。 【拓展】 deep adj. 深的 adv. 在深处；深深地 depth of knowledge 渊博的知识 the depths of winter 隆冬 22. entirely /ɪn'taɪəlɪ/ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 考频：★☆☆ Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. (P56) 有些人宁愿在农业中彻底停止使用人工化学品。 【例句】 I entirely agree with you. 我完全同意你的看法。 Our situation is entirely different. 我们的处境完全不同。 The moon will obscure the sun, but not block it entirely. 月亮会遮住太阳，但不会完全遮住它。 23. expand vt. 扩张；使膨胀；详述 考频：★★☆ This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. (教材P50) 这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。 【例句】 The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。 The business has expanded greatly over the last year. 过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。 【拓展】 expand ...into...　 把……扩展/发展成…… expand into... 发展成/扩大成…… expand on sth. 细说(阐述)…… 24.consider vt.认为，觉得；vi. & vt.仔细考虑考频：★★☆ Yuan considers himself a farmer.(教材P50) 袁隆平把自己看作一个农民。 【例句】 This award is considered (to be) a great honour. 这个奖被视为极大的荣誉。 He's considered to have gone abroad. 大家都认为他出国了。 I consider it a foolish idea to accept the invitation. 我认为接受这个邀请是一个愚蠢的想法。 We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival. 我们正在考虑去海南过春节。 【拓展】 (1) consider sb./sth. (to be)＋n./adj.或consider sb./sth. (as)＋n. 认为某人/某物…… (2) be considered to have done sth. 被认为做了某事 (3) consider it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式/that... 认为……是……的/是……(it为形式宾语，此时adj.常为necessary, important, polite等) (4) consider (doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事(注意不接动词不定式作宾语) 25. take on 接受(工作)，承担(责任)，呈现，具有(特征，外观等)；聘用，雇用 考频：★★☆ He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes on.(教材P52) 他是一个很好的演员，将自己奉献于所出演的每一个角色中。 【例句】 After consulting with her manager she decided to take on the part. 经纪人商量之后，她决定出演这一角色。 No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 在遭受大地震沦为废墟后不久，这座城市就呈现出了新的面貌。 She was taken on as a trainee. 她受聘当实习生。 【拓展】 take构成的其他短语： take off　　 脱下；起飞；休假 take up 占用(时间、空间或精力)；开始从事 take apart 拆散，拆开(机器等) take in 吸入；欺骗；理解 take back 收回；退还 take over 接管，取得对……的控制 take down 写下 take...for... 把……误以为…… 26. impress vt. 给…以深刻印象, 使铭记 考频：★★★ What impressed me most is that...(教材P53) 给我留下最深刻印象的是…… 【例句】 We were deeply impressed by Zhong Nanshan, who devoted himself to COVID-19 in his eighties. 我们对钟南山印象深刻,他在八十多岁时还致力于新冠肺炎。 The beautiful scenery of Guilin never fails to leave a deep impression on its visitors. 桂林的美景总是让游客印象深刻。 He impressed on us the need for immediate action. 他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。 【拓展】 (1) impress vt.给……留下深刻的好印象;在……上盖印;使铭记 impress sb. with... ……给某人留下深刻的好印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事 be impressed with/by... 对……钦佩/敬仰/有深刻的好印象 (2)impression n.印象 leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 (3)impressive adj.令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的 单元语法： 1. given＋that从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. (教材P51) 考虑到袁隆平的杂交作物已经让他变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 完成句子 考虑到她喜欢小孩子，我可以肯定教书是很适合她的职业。 _______________________________________________________, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her. 2. with的复合结构 With more and more farm machines being used in the fields, the crisis of fuel has been increasing. (教材P52) 随着越来越多的农业机械在田间的使用,燃料的危机一直在增加。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With the guide ___________(lead) the way, we found his home easily. ②With all the tasks __________(finish), they went to the cinema happily. ③With a lot of difficult problems __________(settle), the newly elected manager is in a dilemma.  ④在这幅图中,我们可以看到一个男孩穿着旧衣服,坐在一个堆着一堆书的破旧木桌旁边。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 状语从句的省略、 How we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while keeping the environment safe remains an unanswered question. (教材P53) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①While ___________(climb) the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. ②When _________(ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. ③He opened his mouth as if __________(say) something.  ④你就待在原地别动,除非叫你离开。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.现在分词短语作结果状语 Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. (教材P56) 要种植不同作物的原因在于它们把重要的矿物质放回了地里，让它再次为下一批作物作好准备。 单句语法填空 ①Football is played in more than 80 countries, ________ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. ②He cut off the electricity quickly, ________ (prevent) an accident. ③She got to the station only ________ (tell) the train had gone. ④The child slipped and fell down, ________ (hit) his head against the door. ⑤She threw the toy on the ground, ________ (break) it into pieces. 考点1： consider的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空 ①My parents are considering ________ (buy) a computer, which is considered ________ (be) of great help with my work and study. ②Charles Chaplin is considered __________ (make) a great contribution to the film industry. ③Bill considers ________ harmful to stay up late in the night. 考点2：devote 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 (1)单句填空 ①________ (devote) ________ teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. ②You will never gain success unless you are fully ________ (devote) to your work. ③We really appreciate your ________ (devote) to our company. (2)句型转换 ④I have spent much time in making preparations for the next lesson. →I have __________________________ making preparations for the next lesson.  ⑤Devoted to reading the novel, she didn't notice her mother coming in. →________________________ reading the novel, she didn't notice her mother coming in.  考点3： convince 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You’ll need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job. ②I think you can help me convince my father ________ (leave)． ③__________ (convince) that he was wrong, he felt very sad. ④She’ll cook up a __________ (convince) explanation for her failure. ⑤I’m ________ (convince) that he is not telling the truth. (2)单句写作 ⑥ He tried to __________me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide __________ proof. Therefore, it seemed that he didn’t speak____________. ⑦他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。 这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿比做一个好学生更重要。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点4：vary 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Changes in price normally vary ________ changes in supply and demand. ②Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary _______ characters. ③The school library provides _________(variety) original works, hoping they will meet the needs of different students. ④House prices vary ________place _______ place and are usually high where there are famous schools. ⑤在这种技术的帮助下,给检查者提供各种合适的锻炼方法的建议变得容易多了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 考点5：assume的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 (1)单句填空 ①Where unemployment and crime are high, it can _____________ (assume)that the latter is due to the former.  ②People make a lot of _____________(assume) about her family background. ③____________ (assume) it rains tomorrow, what should we do? (2)句型转换 ④Suppose (that) it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting? →_______________________________ it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting?  ⑤We assume that he is an honest boy. →We assume _____________ an honest boy.  →____________________ he is an honest boy.  考点6：expand 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 完成句子 ①请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ Could you ________________ this point, please? ②他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 His studio ________________________ a big company. ③中国的信息产业正迅速发展。 The information industries _______________________ in China. 考点7：estimate的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 完成句子 ①我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 I can give you ________________ the amount of wood you will need. ②据估计这项工程将持续四年。 ________________ that ______________________. 考点8：comprise 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A week consists _________ seven days. ②救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。 The rescue team ______________________ eight soldiers and two doctors. ＝ The rescue team _________________ eight soldiers and two doctors. ＝The rescue team _______________ eight soldiers and two doctors. 考点9： take on 的用法 [考向] 词语辨析 单句语法填空 ①When the delayed flight will take ________ depends much on the weather. ②Not knowing much of the world yet, simple－minded teenagers are easily taken ________. ③Briggs will take ________ as general manger when Mitchell retires. ④Youngsters who suffer a lot of academic burdens are encouraged to take ________ a sport and lead an active lifestyle. 考点10： in turn 的用法[考向] 词语辨析 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is my turn ____________(clean)the classroom this week. ②The girls called out their names ________ turn. ③They took __________ (turn)to care about their parents. ④当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。 When ___________________, I am too excited to speak. ⑤他们依次回答了老师的问题。 They answered the teacher’s questions_____________． 考点11：essential的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①________ is essential for us to book the tickets in advance. ②__________ (essential), we are talking about the world war period. ③It is essential for us ________ (set) our goal realistically. ④It is essential that you _____________ (learn) Chinese history. ⑤你有必要早点回家。 ________________ you should come home early. ⑥丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。 A rich and varied cultural life ________________ this couple. 考点12：alternative的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I had no alternative but ____________(accept)the offer. ②If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ____________(bring)your own. ③We could walk or ______________ (alternative)we could go in Ted's car. ④除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。 ___________________ to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 考点13：alternative的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My first ____________of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. ②What was so ____________about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare footed. ③The poor girl from a small village was deeply ____________ by large quantities of food in the big city. ④What ___________me most is that whenever he appears in front of others he often wears a big smile. 陈老师今天上午做的讲座给学生们留下了深刻的印象。 →⑤______________________________________________________________________________________________ (leave/make a deep impression on)  →⑥_____________________________________________________________________________________________ (be impressed by)  →⑦____________________________________________________________________________________ (主语从句)  知识导图记忆 I.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) (每小题2分，共30分) 1. This initiative aims to address the ______________(short) of grassroots cultural relics protectors in the province. 2. To be sure, Hong Kong stocks have had a strong record of riding out _____________(crisis). 3.  The summit is a ____________(convince) example of China's determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals. 4. I _____________(convince) that there are philosophical similarities between China and Africa that facilitate mutual understanding between the two sides.  5. Around 1970, the absence of water on the moon became a basic _____________(assume) because no water-containing minerals were found in the Apollo lunar soil samples. 6. The recovery and _____________(expand) of international flight routes has dramatically influenced development of Hunan's inbound tourism. 7. The Baoweili project is an example, becoming a key spot that provides leisure, entertainment, commercial ________________(consume) and more. 8. To drive its growth, Luckin has leveraged rapid-delivery services, mobile-payment options and unique offerings like a cheese-_________(flavor) latte. 9. Since her child was too young for TCM herbs, the doctor recommended a formula made from medicinal and edible ingredients — natural substances that offer both health benefits and _______________(nutrition) value and are safe for long-term use. 10. It is through good governance that China has been able to grow its economy and alleviate ______________(poor). 11. The field has been planted with Jinzuo 84, a pioneering __________(organ) dryland variety of wheat. 12. A foreign face stood out at the market. He was deeply engrossed in making hawthorn balls, a traditional Chinese remedy for boosting appetite and ____________(digest). 13. As a child, Liu often struggled with ____________(digest) issues — a weak stomach and frequent diarrhea — and Western medicine offered little relief.  14. We suggest that countries should establish broader mechanisms for exchange and cooperation in the culture field, and deepen the breadth and ___________(deep) of cultural exchanges. 15. It's an approach _____________(root) in his belief about music's transcendent power to emotionally uplift audiences. II. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分) 1. 当我打扫房间的时候，找到很多在北京拍的照片。（while doing…状语从句的省略；take photos,用过去分词作后置定语） _________________________________________________________________ 2. 既然这是最后一次机会，你最好抓住它。（Now that…） _________________________________________________________________ 3. 因为恶劣的天气，我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。（Because of…,delay…till） _________________________________________________________________ 4. 令我担心的事情是，我们的航班由于恶劣的天气被延误。（what upset me引导主语从句） _________________________________________________________________ III. 语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time, a dim sum restaurant 31 (award) one Michelin star in the Michelin Guide Shanghai as the 2025 guide was revealed on Tuesday at the Bellagio Shanghai. Following its relocation to South Maoming Road, Wu You Xian, 32 (know) for its specialty in Shanghai crab xiao long bao, earned the one Michelin star. By integrating hairy crab into the xiao long bao, the founder, Chen Lina, 33 (gentle) separated the crab into eight parts, including the crab meat, roe and paste, 34 (ensure) that diners experience the unique taste of each component — 35 quality Wu You Xian takes great pride in. “Not only do I treat my xiao long bao like my children, 36 like works of art as well; they are my life,” said Chen, a national first-class dim sum chef. She emphasized that although the xiao long bao may be small in size, they encapsulate(蕴含) a world of gourmet 37 (flavor). “After a thorough exploration of the city, our inspectors were glad to witness the emergence of an 38 (increase) number of local restaurants, particularly in the fields of Shanghainese cuisine, 39 beautifully balances history and modernity. From its beloved xiao long bao and dim sums 40 complex court cuisine, Shanghai’s dining scene has long been a symbol of cultural richness and culinary(烹饪的) innovation,” said Gwendal Poullennec, international director of the Michelin Guide. B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How can you better understand body language to feel more confident and be more effective in a range of situations? If you are struggling to understand how to interpret body language of colleagues in different cultural contexts and how to respond, you may find yourself 41 (search) for a checklist of dos and don’ ts. But this isn’t necessarily the 42 (great) approach. Besides, you can start your interpretation 43 analysing groups, rather than looking at each gesture in isolation. For example, imagine that you are presenting an idea for a new process in a meeting, and your boss is smiling. Many experts would advise you that smiling is 44 (cultural) universal, so you might assume that your boss must be happy with your presentation. However, making this 45 (assume) without deeper investigation could prove problematic. If you take 46 second look at your boss, you might notice that she is also laughing slightly, looking down and moving her pen. This could mean a range of different things. How can you understand your boss’s reaction correctly? The answer is to check that your analysis of their body language matches with 47 the person says and how they say it. To understand the cultural influences 48 have led to her behaviour, it is first important to understand what cultural identity is. Many people use the terms “culture” and “nationality” interchangeably. However, generalising 49 (base) only on nationality can be risky. To help avoid this, the British Council 50 (develop) a description of culture in the last few years. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 选必一Unit5 (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：一、高频词变形速通； 二、语境为王-短语指南 三、 核心词通关攻略 练习题 讲典例：重点句型精讲精练 练考点 强知识：核心词考点加强练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 一、高频词变形速通 1.devote. v. 把…用于;献身;致力;专心 →devotion n奉献；忠诚；专心 →devoted adj 忠诚的 2.shortage：n. 不足；缺少；短缺 → short adj. 短的 →shorten：v. 缩短 3.boost v. 使增长；使兴旺 n. 增长；提高；激励 →近义： enhance；elevate；stimulate 4.convince v 使信服 → convinced adj. 确信的，深信的 → convincing adj.令人信服的，有说服力的 5. character n. ①特点，特色 ②文字 ③ 人物;角色 → characteristic ① n. 特征;特点;品质② adj. 典型的;独特的 6.conventional adj. 传统的；习惯的 → convention n. 习俗；集会；公约，协定；（文学、艺术上的）传统手法，传统风 7. assumption n.假定；承担；获得 → assume v.假定；设想；承担；假装 8. overcome v. 克服；解决；战胜（overcame ；overcome） → 近义词：defeat；surmount 9. output n. 产量；输出；输出量 v. 输出 （output ；output）→ input n. 投入，输进 10. intense adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 → intensity n. 强烈；强度 11. attain v. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 → attainable：adj. 可达到的；可获得的 12. estimate v. /n.估计；估价；估算 → estimation n. 评价；估计 → overestimate v/ n 高估 13.tackle v. 解决；应付（局面）；处理 →同义：handle；address短语：deal with =cope with 处理；应付 14. generate v. 产生；引起 → generation n 产生；代 →generator n 发电机 15. vision n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 → visual adj. 视觉的；视力的 16. salty adj. 含盐的；咸的 → salt n. 盐 17. expand v扩大；增加；扩展；发展（业务）→ expansion n扩展；膨胀 18. domestic adj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的 → domestically adv. 本国地；国内地 19. consumption n消耗；消耗量；消费 → consume v消费；消耗 →consumer消费者 20. contain v包括；包含；由……组成 →container n容器 21. reality n现实；实际情况；事实 →real adj真的；真实的→really adv真实地；事实上非 22. urban adj.城市的;都市的;城镇的 →suburban adj.郊区的;市郊的 →rural adj.乡村的;农村的。 23. extension n. 延伸;扩大; 电话分机 → extend vt.使伸长,延长 24. chemical adj.与化学有关的 n.化学制品;化学品 →chemistry n.化学→ chemist n 化学家 25. nutritional adj.营养(物)的 → nutrition n.营养;滋养 → nutritious adj.有营养的；营养丰富的 → nutrient n 营养物质 → nutritionist n营养学家 26. bacterium n. → (pl. bacteria) 细菌→datum - data数据 →medium - media媒介 27. alleviate vt. 减轻；缓解 →同义：ease、relieve、lessen 28. mineral n. 矿物；矿物质 →mine ①pron 我的② n 矿井；矿③v开矿，采矿→ miner n矿工 29. grocery n. 食品杂货店；食品杂货 → store/shop n商店 →supermarket n大型超市 30. widespread adj.分布广的;普遍的；广泛的 31. digest v ①消化 ②领会;领悟n 摘要；概要；文摘 → digestion n 消化；领悟 → digestible adj 易消化的；可理解的 32. essential ①adj.完全必要的;极其重要的 ②n.必需品 →essentially adv 本质上；基本上 33. alternative ①n.可供选择的事物 ②adj.可供替代的;非传统的 →alternatively adv 本质上;基本上二者择一地;或者 34. root n.根;根茎;根部;根源v （使）生根 → rooted adj 根深蒂固的 35. organic adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 → organ n. 器官；机构；管风琴 36. pesticide n. 杀虫剂；除害药物 →pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 37. poverty n. 贫穷；贫困 →poor adj.贫穷的；贫寒的 38. depth n.向下(或向里)的距离;深(度) → deep adj. 深的；→deepen v.(使)变深；加深 39. entirely adv.全部地；完整地；完全地 → entire adj. 完全的;全部的二、单句语法填空 二、语境为王-短语指南 1.take / go on a rail journey来一场火车之旅 2.range from ... to ... 从...到...变化，包括（从...到...）之间的各类事物 3.on the Atlantic coast 在大西洋海岸 4.rather than 而不是 5.all the way 一路上 6.by rail 乘坐火车 7.start out 出发 8.be typical of sth 是...的典型代表 9.take a boat ride 乘船 10.look out over the city 俯瞰城市 11.take a pleasant hike 愉快的徒步旅行 12.pass through 穿过 13.take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 14.a coach bound north 开往北方的长途汽车 15. in addition to sth 除...之外（还） 16.mountain peaks 山峰 17.oil and gas drilling industry 油气开采业 18.freezing cold 极冷的，冻僵的（freeze - froze - frozen） 19.be home to sth 是...的家乡 20.in fact 实际上，事实上 21.anticipate doing sth 预料做某事 22.a bunch of 一束，一串，一群 23.wake up 醒来（wake - woke - woken） 24.thunder on 轰鸣向前 25.rolling hills 起伏的群山 26.pull back the curtains / draw the curtains 拉开窗帘 27.on the southern border 在南部边境 28.all in all 总之 29.take a duration of 4 days 历时4天 30.be impressed by sth 对...印象深刻 31.date back to... 追溯到... 32.be unique to sth 为...所独有 33.enroll in sth 报名参加... 34.a massive amount of money大笔的钱 35.a plane bound for Toronto 一架开往多伦多的飞机 36.make a living 谋生 37.be satisfied with 对...满意 38.an experience of a lifetime 一生难忘的经历 39.compare... with...将...与...比较 40.Words fail me 无法用语言表达 41.kill time 消磨时间 42.You name it. 凡你能说得出的，应有尽有的 43.contrary to sth 与...相反 44.proceed to sth 继续... 45.go on a tour of sth 游览... 46.in the distance 在远处，在远方 47.be available for dinner 有空用餐 48.over dinner 用餐期间 49.chat with sb 与某人聊天 （chat - chatted） 50.in contrast to sth 与...形成对比 51.be close to sth 与...靠近/邻近 52.owe it to oneself that... 认为自己应该... 53.dream of sth 梦见，梦想 三、核心词通关攻略 1. devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt. 把……献（给）；把……专用于；专心于 考频：★★★ Indeed, his slim but strong body was just like that of millions of Chinese farmers, to whom he had devoted his life. (P50)确实，他瘦削但结实的身躯，与其为之奉献毕生的千千万万的中国农民无异。 【拓展】 (1) devote one’s life/oneself to (doing) sth. 献身于/致力于(做)某事 (2) devote one’s time/energy/attention/...to (doing) sth. 把某人的时间/精力/注意力/……用到(做)某事上 (3) devoted adj. 忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的 be devoted to... 对……挚爱/忠诚/投入 (4) devotion n. 奉献；忠诚；关爱；挚爱 (5) devoting oneself to...或devoted to...常在句中作状语、补语或定语。 He told us that there were nearly three hundred teachers devoting themselves to teaching in the school. 他告诉我们学校有将近300名老师致力于教学工作。 Devoted to his scientific research, he has no time to spend a weekend with his family. 他致力于他的科研工作，没有时间与家人共度周末。 【拓展】 短语“devote...to...”中的to是介词,不是不定式符号,后接动词时应用其动名词形式,类似用法的短语还有: look forward to doing sth.盼望做某事 be opposed to doing sth.反对做某事 object to doing sth.反对做某事 get down to doing sth.开始做某事 pay attention to doing sth.注意做某事 be equal to doing sth.能胜任做某事 be/get used/accustomed to doing sth.习惯于做某事 adapt/adjust (oneself) to doing sth.(使自己)适应做某事 2. tackle /ˈtækl/ vt. 解决（难题）；应付（局面）；处理 考频：★☆☆ To tackle this crisis, he chose to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. (P50) 为了应对这一危机，他选择学习农业，在位于重庆的西南农学院接受教育。 【例句】 There is more than one way to tackle the problem. 解决这个问题不止一个办法。 It needs to be tackled with education. 这个问题需要通过教育来解决。 He announced new measures to tackle the illegal crops. 他宣布将采用新措施打击非法种植。 3. convince vt.使相信，使信服；说服，劝说 考频：★★★ Yuan was convinced that the answer could be found in the creation of hybrid rice. (教材P50) 袁坚信,答案就在杂交水稻的培育中。 【例句】 I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself, not with me. 我尽力说服自己，麻烦在于这个问题本身，而不在我。 How can I convince you of her honesty? 我怎样才能使你相信她的诚实呢？ I hope this will convince you to change your mind. 我希望这会说服你改变主意。 I was convinced that I saw you there. 我坚信看见你在那里了。 I am convinced of her innocence. 我坚信她是无辜的。 The data you have collected is not enough to be convincing. 你们收集的材料说服力不足。 【拓展】 (1) convince sb. that... 使某人相信…… convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事 convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事 (4) convinced adj. 坚信，深信，确信(描述人的感受) (be) convinced of/that... 坚信……，确信…… (5) convincing adj. 令人信服的(描述物的特性) 4. attain /ə'teɪn/ vt. （通常经过努力）获得；得到 考频：★★☆ One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional crops. (P50)杂交作物的一个特点就是它们通常能获得比传统作物更高的产量。 【例句】 Most of our students attained five “A” grades in their exams. 我们多数学生的考试成绩是五个优。 More women are attaining positions of power. 越来越多的女性获得要职。 A glorious victory could be attained only by effort and patience. 辉煌的胜利只有靠努力和耐心才能获得。 5. intense /ɪn'tens/ adj. 热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的 考频：★☆☆ Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (P50) 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 【拓展】 intense competition 激烈的竞争 【例句】 Young people today are under intense pressure to succeed. 如今的年轻人面临极大的成功压力。 He’s very intense about everything. 他对一切都很热心。 6. overcome /əʊvə'kʌm/ vt. （overcame, overcome） 克服；解决；战胜 考频：★☆☆ Through intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice that could be used for farming in 1974. (P50) 历经千辛万苦，袁隆平攻克了艰巨的技术难题，在1974年开发出了可用于耕作的第一代杂交水稻。 【例句】 She overcame injury to win the Olympic gold medal. 她战胜了伤痛，赢得了奥运会金牌。 Her financial problems could no longer be overcome. 她的经济困难再也无法克服。 The two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue. 两个政党设法弥合了在这个问题上的分歧。 7. estimate /'estɪmət/ vt. 估计；估价；估算 n. 估计；估算 考频：★★☆ Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, ... (P50) 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作 物，…… 【拓展】 estimate sth. at... 估算某物为…… be estimated to do sth. 被估计为…… It is estimated (that)．.. 据估计，…… 【例句】 It is estimated that the project will last four years. 据估计，这项工程将用时四年。 I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need. 我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 8. assumption n．[C]假定，假设 考频：★★★ 考频：★★☆ The common assumption then was that it could not be done. (教材P50) 当时的普遍假设是那是不可能做到的。 【例句】 It was impossible to make assumptions about people's reactions. 臆断人们的反应是不可能的。 We’re working on the assumption that everyone invited will turn up. 我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。 There were many big technology companies with good resources. I just assumed one of them would do it. 有很多大的科技公司都有好的资源，我只是假设其中一个大公司会做这件事。 It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue voluntary work. 人们认为，那些把志愿者的角色看成是他们个人身份中很重要的一部分的人最有可能会继续做志愿者工作。The virus came without people's being aware of it and it was initially assumed to be a common one. But with more cases reported, it proved wrong. 病毒在人们还没有意识到它的时候就来了,最初人们认为它是一种普通病毒。但是,随着报道案例的增加,证明了它是错误的。 【拓展】 (1) make assumptions/an assumption about... 对……做假设 (2) on the assumption that... 假定……，假设…… (3) assume vt. 假设；认为；承担(责任)；就(职) assume...to be...认为……是……;假定……是…… It is (generally) assumed that... 人们(普遍)认为…… 【名师提醒】 assuming以及suppose、supposing、providing、provided引导的从句相当于if、on condition that引导的条件 9. comprise /kəm'praɪz/ vt. 包括；包含；由……组成 考频：★★☆ Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains, ... (P51) 据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作 物，…… 【拓展】 be comprised of ... 包括；包含；由……组成（或构成） 【例句】 The house comprises two bedrooms, a kitchen, and a living room. 这座房子有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室。 The committee is comprised of well-known mountaineers. 委员会由知名的登山运动员组成。 【名师提醒】 be composed of 由……组成 consist of 由……组成 be made up of 由……组成，构成 10. leisure /'leʒə(r)/ n. 闲暇；休闲；空闲 考频：★☆☆ Given that Yuan’s hybrids made him quite wealthy, one might think he would have retired to a life of leisure.(P51) 鉴于袁隆平开发杂交水稻而变得相当富有，有人会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 【拓展】 leisure activities/interests/pursuits 业余活动／爱好／嗜好 【例句】 Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time. 现在大多数人都喜欢工作时间短些，闲暇时间多些。 Come round for lunch and then we can discuss it at leisure. 有空过来吃午饭吧，我们可以慢慢讨论。 10. vision /'vɪʒn/ n. 想象；视力；视野；影像 考频：★★☆ His later vision for “seawater rice” also became a reality, ... (P51) 他后来的“海水稻”愿景也已经成为现实，……。 【例句】 The couple moved outside her field of vision. 这对夫妇离开了她的视野。 Tears blurred her vision. 泪水模糊了她的视线。 【拓展】 envision vt. 展望；想象 They envision an equal society, free of poverty and disease. 他们向往一个没有贫穷和疾病的平等社会。 11. extension /ɪk'stenʃn/ n. 扩建部分；扩大；电话分机考频：★☆☆ ..., is comprised of two large tunnels that were intended to one day become an extension of the London Underground. (P52) ……由两条有望成为伦敦地铁延伸的大型隧道组成。 【例句】 The bank plans various extensions to its credit facilities. 银行计划多方面扩展信贷服务。 There are telephone extensions in every room. 每个房间都有电话分机。 【拓展】 extend v. 使伸长；扩大；扩展 extensive adj. 广阔的；广大的；大量的 12. flavour (NAmE -vor) /'fleɪvə/ n. 味道；特点；特色 考频：★☆☆ However, what she is unhappy about is the lower nutritional value and reduced flavour. (P53) 然而，她不满意的是它们营养价值变低了，味道也变差了。 【例句】 The tomatoes give extra flavour to the sauce. 番茄使调味汁别有风味。 A pinch of herbs will add flavour to any dish. 加一撮香草可以给任何菜肴提味。 The stories have a strong regional flavour. 这些故事有很强的地区特色。 13. nutrition /nju'trɪʃn/ n. 营养；滋养考频：★☆☆ 【例句】 Nutrition and exercise are essential to fitness and health. 营养和运动是保持健康所必不可少的。 To achieve this goal, food security and nutrition need to improve. 为了实现这一目标，需要改善食品安全和营养。 【拓展】 nutritional adj. 营养（物）的 nutritious adj. 有营养的；营养丰富的 A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy. 缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。 It is always important to choose enjoyable, nutritious foods. 选择好吃的、有营养的食品总是很重要的。 14. organic /ɔ:'gænɪk/ adj. 有机的；不使用化肥的；有机物的 考频：★☆☆ 【例句】 Organic farming is better for the environment. 有机耕作对环境较为有利。 Improve the soil by adding organic matter. 加入有机物以改良土壤。 The shop sells organic food. 这家商店出售有机食品。 【拓展】 organic adj. 器官的；统一的；关联的 They believe in the organic unity of the universe. 他们相信宇宙的统一整体性。 15. widespread /'waɪdspred/ adj. 分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 考频：★☆☆ Chemical pesticides and artificial fertilisers have been in widespread use in farming since the middle of the 20th century. (P55) 自二十世纪中叶以来，化学农药和人工肥料便广泛应用于耕作。 【例句】 The plan received widespread support throughout the country. 这项计划得到了全国的普遍支持。 The storm caused widespread damage. 暴风雨造成了大范围的破坏。 Plastic is in widespread use. 塑料已被广泛地使用。 16.in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 考频：★★☆ This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. (P55) 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 【例句】 The children called out their names in turn. 孩子们逐一自报姓名。 Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits. 增加生产会继而增加利润。 People are influenced by their environment and, in turn, influence their environment. 人们受环境影响，反过来又影响他们周围的环境。 【拓展】 in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流；依次 take turns doing/to do... 轮流做…… It's one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人干某事 17.digest /daɪ'dʒest/ vt. & vi. 消化 vt. 领会；领悟 /ˈdaɪdʒest/ n. 摘要；文摘 考频：★★☆ This affects the crops grown on the land and, in turn, the animals and humans who digest them. (P55) 这会影响土里种植的作物，继而影响消化这些作物的人畜。 【例句】 You should allow a little time after a meal for the food to digest. 饭后你应该留点时间让食物消化。 He paused, waiting for her to digest the information. 他停了一会儿，等她慢慢领会这一信息。 In cases like this, you can try making a digest of your notes. 在这种情况下，你可以试着做一个笔记摘要。 18. essential /ɪ'senʃl/ adj. 完全必要的；极其重要的 考频：★☆☆ They may look beautiful on the outside, but inside there is usually more water than essential minerals, ... (P55) 此类作物外表靓丽，而内里却经常是水分多于必需矿物质，……。 【拓展】 (1) be essential to/for 对……很重要 (2) It is essential for sb. to do... “对某人来说做……是完全必要的” (3) It is essential that... (should) do... “做……是完全必要的” 【例句】 A good diet is essential for everyone. 良好的饮食对于每个人都是极为重要的。 It is essential that our pilots are given the best possible training. 我们的飞行员要受到最好的培训，这是必不可少的。 19. alternative /ɔ:l'tɜ:nətɪv/ n. 可供选择的事物 adj. 可供替代的；非传统的 考频：★☆☆ As an alternative, some farmers have switched to organic farming, and many customers have turned to organic food when they shop at the local grocery.(P55) 作为一种替代方法，有些农民已经转向有机耕作，而且许多消费者在当地食杂店购物时，也转而选择有机食品。 【例句】 Have you any alternative suggestions ? 你有没有别的建议？ Acupuncture is widely used by practitioners of alternative medicine. 针刺疗法被非西方传统医学从业者广泛利用。 I had no alternative but to report him to the police. 除了向警察举报他，我别无选择。 (1) have no alternative/choice but to do sth. 别无选择只好做某事 have the alternative of doing sth. 有做……的选择，可以做…… there’s no alternative...but to do sth. ……别无选择只好做某事 an alternative to... ……的替代品 (2) alternatively adv. 可供选择地 【名师提醒】 “别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have no choice but to do sth.； can’t do sth. but do sth.； can do nothing but do sth.等。 在这些结构中若but之前出现实义动词do的某种形式，but之后要用省略to的不定式，否则，but之后的to不能省略。 20. instance /'ɪnstəns/ n. 例子；实例；事例 考频：★★☆ For instance, they may grow corn or wheat in a field one year, and then grow beans there the next. (P56) 例如，他们可能第一年在田里种植玉米或小麦，第二年改种豆类。 【拓展】 for instance 例如；比如 【例句】 In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment. 多数情况下，不必继续治疗。 We need to rethink the way we consume energy. Take, for instance, our approach to transport. 我们需要重新考虑我们使用能源的方式，例如我们的运输方式。 21. depth /depθ/ n. 向下（或向里）的距离；深（度）考频：★★☆ Organic farmers also plant diverse crops that use different depths of soil to help keep it rich. (P56) 有机耕作的农民也种植土壤深度要求不同的多样化作物，以保持土壤肥沃。 【例句】 Many dolphins can dive to depths of 200 metres. 许多海豚可潜到 200 米深。 The depth of the shelves is 30 centimetres. 书架的深度为 30 厘米。 【拓展】 deep adj. 深的 adv. 在深处；深深地 depth of knowledge 渊博的知识 the depths of winter 隆冬 22. entirely /ɪn'taɪəlɪ/ adv. 全部地；完整地；完全地 考频：★☆☆ Some people would prefer to stop the use of man-made chemicals in agriculture entirely. (P56) 有些人宁愿在农业中彻底停止使用人工化学品。 【例句】 I entirely agree with you. 我完全同意你的看法。 Our situation is entirely different. 我们的处境完全不同。 The moon will obscure the sun, but not block it entirely. 月亮会遮住太阳，但不会完全遮住它。 23. expand vt. 扩张；使膨胀；详述 考频：★★☆ This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output greatly. (教材P50) 这种杂交水稻使农民大大增加了产量。 【例句】 The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下绽放。 The business has expanded greatly over the last year. 过去的一年里，这家公司极大地增加了业务量。 【拓展】 expand ...into...　 把……扩展/发展成…… expand into... 发展成/扩大成…… expand on sth. 细说(阐述)…… 24.consider vt.认为，觉得；vi. & vt.仔细考虑考频：★★☆ Yuan considers himself a farmer.(教材P50) 袁隆平把自己看作一个农民。 【例句】 This award is considered (to be) a great honour. 这个奖被视为极大的荣誉。 He's considered to have gone abroad. 大家都认为他出国了。 I consider it a foolish idea to accept the invitation. 我认为接受这个邀请是一个愚蠢的想法。 We are considering going to Hainan for the Spring Festival. 我们正在考虑去海南过春节。 【拓展】 (1) consider sb./sth. (to be)＋n./adj.或consider sb./sth. (as)＋n. 认为某人/某物…… (2) be considered to have done sth. 被认为做了某事 (3) consider it＋adj./n.＋动词不定式/that... 认为……是……的/是……(it为形式宾语，此时adj.常为necessary, important, polite等) (4) consider (doing) sth. 考虑(做)某事(注意不接动词不定式作宾语) 25. take on 接受(工作)，承担(责任)，呈现，具有(特征，外观等)；聘用，雇用 考频：★★☆ He is a very good actor and he commits himself to every role that he takes on.(教材P52) 他是一个很好的演员，将自己奉献于所出演的每一个角色中。 【例句】 After consulting with her manager she decided to take on the part. 经纪人商量之后，她决定出演这一角色。 No other organization was able or willing to take on the job. 没有其他组织能够或愿意承担这项工作。 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look. 在遭受大地震沦为废墟后不久，这座城市就呈现出了新的面貌。 She was taken on as a trainee. 她受聘当实习生。 【拓展】 take构成的其他短语： take off　　 脱下；起飞；休假 take up 占用(时间、空间或精力)；开始从事 take apart 拆散，拆开(机器等) take in 吸入；欺骗；理解 take back 收回；退还 take over 接管，取得对……的控制 take down 写下 take...for... 把……误以为…… 26. impress vt. 给…以深刻印象, 使铭记 考频：★★★ What impressed me most is that...(教材P53) 给我留下最深刻印象的是…… 【例句】 We were deeply impressed by Zhong Nanshan, who devoted himself to COVID-19 in his eighties. 我们对钟南山印象深刻,他在八十多岁时还致力于新冠肺炎。 The beautiful scenery of Guilin never fails to leave a deep impression on its visitors. 桂林的美景总是让游客印象深刻。 He impressed on us the need for immediate action. 他让我们认识到立刻采取行动的必要。 【拓展】 (1) impress vt.给……留下深刻的好印象;在……上盖印;使铭记 impress sb. with... ……给某人留下深刻的好印象 impress sth. on/upon sb. 使某人意识到某事 be impressed with/by... 对……钦佩/敬仰/有深刻的好印象 (2)impression n.印象 leave/make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象 (3)impressive adj.令人赞叹的;令人敬佩的 单元语法： 1. given＋that从句 Given that Yuan’s hybrids have made him quite wealthy, one might think he would retire to a life of leisure. (教材P51) 考虑到袁隆平的杂交作物已经让他变得相当富有，人们可能会认为他会退休享受悠闲的生活。 完成句子 考虑到她喜欢小孩子，我可以肯定教书是很适合她的职业。 _______________________________________________________, I’m sure teaching is the right career for her. 【答案】Given that she is interested in children 或Considering (that) she is interested in children 或Given/Considering her interest in children 【名师提醒】 Given their inexperience，they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们已经做得不错了。 Given that he has had six months to finish the task, he hasn't made much progress. 鉴于他有六个月的时间完成这项工作，他并没有取得太多进展。 【拓展】 given prep.意为“鉴于，考虑到”，构成“given＋that从句”，在句中常作状语。 given可以用considering来替换 2. with的复合结构 With more and more farm machines being used in the fields, the crisis of fuel has been increasing. (教材P52) 随着越来越多的农业机械在田间的使用,燃料的危机一直在增加。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①With the guide ___________(lead) the way, we found his home easily. ②With all the tasks __________(finish), they went to the cinema happily. ③With a lot of difficult problems __________(settle), the newly elected manager is in a dilemma.  ④在这幅图中,我们可以看到一个男孩穿着旧衣服,坐在一个堆着一堆书的破旧木桌旁边。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】leading; finished; to settle; In the picture, we can see a boy in worn clothes sitting by a shabby wooden table with a pile of books on it.  【名师提醒】 With the house empty, Jack felt lonely. 因为房子空空的，杰克感到很孤独。 With everything prepared well, he believed he could succeed. 一切都准备好了,他相信他会成功。 With so much homework to do, she will spare no time to attend the party. 有那么多的作业要做,她将抽不出时间去参加聚会。 With so many children talking and laughing, I couldn't settle down to work. 这么多孩子又说又笑,我不能静下心来工作。 【拓展】 with的复合结构常在句中作状语或定语,常见形式为: (1) with+宾语+adj./adv. (2) with+宾语+介词短语 (3) with+宾语+doing/done/to do (4) 当with后的宾语和作宾语补足语的动词之间是主动关系时,用现在分词形式;如果是被动关系,用过去分词形式;如果表示将要发生的动作,用不定式。 3. 状语从句的省略、 How we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while keeping the environment safe remains an unanswered question. (教材P53) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①While ___________(climb) the mountain, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and a beautiful view. ②When _________(ask) about the secret of his success, he said that he owed much of his success and happiness to his wife and children. ③He opened his mouth as if __________(say) something.  ④你就待在原地别动,除非叫你离开。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】climbing; asked; to say; You should stay where you are, unless asked to leave.  我们如何找到一个合适的解决方案来生产足够的食物,同时保持环境安全,仍然是一个未被答复的问题。 Paraphrase: How we can find a suitable solution to produce sufficient food while we are keeping the environment safe remains an unanswered question. 【名师提醒】 So while sitting in the classroom and doing my papers, I felt confident and was full of energy. 因此,当我坐在教室做试卷时,我感到自信且精力旺盛。 “The prize money is too little to afford even half of a living room in Beijing,” Tu Youyou told the journalist jokingly when asked how to spend the prize money. 当被问及如何花这笔奖金时,屠呦呦开玩笑地告诉记者,“奖金太少,不够在北京买半个客厅”。 Unless necessary, you’d better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要,否则你最好不要查词典。 【拓展】 (1) 状语从句省略的条件： 1)when, while, though, even if, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句 2)从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it 3)状语从句谓语中含有be动词 (2)状语从句省略的形式：省略从句中的主语和be动词 4.现在分词短语作结果状语 Why different crops are grown is because they put important minerals back into the ground, making it ready again for the next batch of crops. (教材P56) 要种植不同作物的原因在于它们把重要的矿物质放回了地里，让它再次为下一批作物作好准备。 单句语法填空 ①Football is played in more than 80 countries, ________ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. ②He cut off the electricity quickly, ________ (prevent) an accident. ③She got to the station only ________ (tell) the train had gone. ④The child slipped and fell down, ________ (hit) his head against the door. ⑤She threw the toy on the ground, ________ (break) it into pieces. 【答案】making; preventing; to be told; hitting; breaking 【名师提醒】 ❶His father died, leaving him a lot of money. 他父亲去世了，留给他许多钱。 ❷It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country. 大雨滂沱，导致那个国家洪水泛滥。本句中making的短语作结果状语 【拓展】 现在分词短语作结果状语，它的逻辑主语可以是整个句子的主语，也可以是前面整个句子，其表示的动作几乎和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，表示一种自然而然的结果。 【注意】动词不定式作结果状语，往往表示出乎意料的结果，其前常有only。 I hurried to his house, only to find him out.我急急忙忙赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。(出乎意料的结果) 考点1： consider的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空 ①My parents are considering ________ (buy) a computer, which is considered ________ (be) of great help with my work and study. ②Charles Chaplin is considered __________ (make) a great contribution to the film industry. ③Bill considers ________ harmful to stay up late in the night. 【答案】buying, to be; to have made; it 考点2：devote 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 (1)单句填空 ①________ (devote) ________ teaching the deaf children, the young lady has little time to care for her own daughter. ②You will never gain success unless you are fully ________ (devote) to your work. ③We really appreciate your ________ (devote) to our company. 【答案】Devoted, to; devoted; devotion (2)句型转换 ④I have spent much time in making preparations for the next lesson. →I have __________________________ making preparations for the next lesson.  ⑤Devoted to reading the novel, she didn't notice her mother coming in. →________________________ reading the novel, she didn't notice her mother coming in.  【答案】devoted much time to; Devoting herself to 考点3： convince 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①You’ll need to convince them ________ your enthusiasm for the job. ②I think you can help me convince my father ________ (leave)． ③__________ (convince) that he was wrong, he felt very sad. ④She’ll cook up a __________ (convince) explanation for her failure. ⑤I’m ________ (convince) that he is not telling the truth. (2)单句写作 ⑥ He tried to __________me of the truth of the news but he couldn’t provide __________ proof. Therefore, it seemed that he didn’t speak____________. ⑦他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。 这幅图画让我深信做一个好女儿比做一个好学生更重要。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】of; to leave; Convinced; convincing; convinced; convince, convincing, convincingly The picture convinces me that it is more important to be a good daughter than a good student. 考点4：vary 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Changes in price normally vary ________ changes in supply and demand. ②Though Lucy and Lily are twins, they vary _______ characters. ③The school library provides _________(variety) original works, hoping they will meet the needs of different students. ④House prices vary ________place _______ place and are usually high where there are famous schools. ⑤在这种技术的帮助下,给检查者提供各种合适的锻炼方法的建议变得容易多了。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】with; in; various; from, to; With the help of this technique, providing various (= a variety of/varieties of) suggestions on appropriate ways of exercise for examines becomes much easier.  考点5：assume的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 (1)单句填空 ①Where unemployment and crime are high, it can _____________ (assume)that the latter is due to the former.  ②People make a lot of _____________(assume) about her family background. ③____________ (assume) it rains tomorrow, what should we do? (2)句型转换 ④Suppose (that) it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting? →_______________________________ it rains tomorrow, shall we cancel the sports meeting?  ⑤We assume that he is an honest boy. →We assume _____________ an honest boy.  →____________________ he is an honest boy.  【答案】be assumed; assumptions; Assuming; Supposing/Assuming/Providing/Provided (that); him to be; It is assumed that 考点6：expand 的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 完成句子 ①请你把这一点详细说明一下，好吗？ Could you ________________ this point, please? ②他的工作室扩大规模而成为一家大公司了。 His studio ________________________ a big company. ③中国的信息产业正迅速发展。 The information industries _______________________ in China. 【答案】expand on; was expanded into; are rapidly expanding 考点7：estimate的用法 [考向] 完成句子 ①我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。 I can give you ________________ the amount of wood you will need. ②据估计这项工程将持续四年。 ________________ that ______________________. 【答案】a rough estimate of; It is estimated, the project will last four years 考点8：comprise 的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/一句多译 ①A week consists _________ seven days. ②救援队由8个士兵和2个医生组成。 The rescue team ______________________ eight soldiers and two doctors. ＝ The rescue team _________________ eight soldiers and two doctors. ＝The rescue team _______________ eight soldiers and two doctors. 【答案】of; is composed of, consists of, is made up of 考点9： take on 的用法 [考向] 词语辨析 单句语法填空 ①When the delayed flight will take ________ depends much on the weather. ②Not knowing much of the world yet, simple－minded teenagers are easily taken ________. ③Briggs will take ________ as general manger when Mitchell retires. ④Youngsters who suffer a lot of academic burdens are encouraged to take ________ a sport and lead an active lifestyle. 【答案】of; in; over; up 考点10： in turn 的用法[考向] 词语辨析 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①It is my turn ____________(clean)the classroom this week. ②The girls called out their names ________ turn. ③They took __________ (turn)to care about their parents. ④当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。 When ___________________, I am too excited to speak. ⑤他们依次回答了老师的问题。 They answered the teacher’s questions_____________． 【答案】to clean; in; turns; it is in my turn; in turn 考点11：essential的用法 [考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①________ is essential for us to book the tickets in advance. ②__________ (essential), we are talking about the world war period. ③It is essential for us ________ (set) our goal realistically. ④It is essential that you _____________ (learn) Chinese history. ⑤你有必要早点回家。 ________________ you should come home early. ⑥丰富多样的文化生活对这对夫妇而言是至关重要的。 A rich and varied cultural life ________________ this couple. 【答案】It; Essentially; to set; (should) learn; It is essential that; is essential for 考点12：alternative的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①I had no alternative but ____________(accept)the offer. ②If you don’t like the school lunch, you have the alternative of ____________(bring)your own. ③We could walk or ______________ (alternative)we could go in Ted's car. ④除了当俘虏之外，唯一的选择就是奋战至死了。 ___________________ to being taken prisoner was to die fighting. 【答案】to accept; bringing; alternatively; The only alternative 考点13：alternative的用法[考向] 词形转换+固定搭配 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①My first ____________of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. ②What was so ____________about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon bare footed. ③The poor girl from a small village was deeply ____________ by large quantities of food in the big city. ④What ___________me most is that whenever he appears in front of others he often wears a big smile. 陈老师今天上午做的讲座给学生们留下了深刻的印象。 →⑤______________________________________________________________________________________________ (leave/make a deep impression on)  →⑥_____________________________________________________________________________________________ (be impressed by)  →⑦____________________________________________________________________________________ (主语从句)  【答案】impression; impressive; impressed; impresses； The lecture that Mr. Chen gave this morning left/made a deep impression on the students. The students were deeply impressed by the lecture Mr. Chen gave this morning. What impressed the students deeply was the lecture Mr. Chen gave this morning. 知识导图记忆 I.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空) (每小题2分，共30分) 1. This initiative aims to address the ______________(short) of grassroots cultural relics protectors in the province. 2. To be sure, Hong Kong stocks have had a strong record of riding out _____________(crisis). 3.  The summit is a ____________(convince) example of China's determination and effort to advance open-up and encourage high-quality partnerships with multinationals. 4. I _____________(convince) that there are philosophical similarities between China and Africa that facilitate mutual understanding between the two sides.  5. Around 1970, the absence of water on the moon became a basic _____________(assume) because no water-containing minerals were found in the Apollo lunar soil samples. 6. The recovery and _____________(expand) of international flight routes has dramatically influenced development of Hunan's inbound tourism. 7. The Baoweili project is an example, becoming a key spot that provides leisure, entertainment, commercial ________________(consume) and more. 8. To drive its growth, Luckin has leveraged rapid-delivery services, mobile-payment options and unique offerings like a cheese-_________(flavor) latte. 9. Since her child was too young for TCM herbs, the doctor recommended a formula made from medicinal and edible ingredients — natural substances that offer both health benefits and _______________(nutrition) value and are safe for long-term use. 10. It is through good governance that China has been able to grow its economy and alleviate ______________(poor). 11. The field has been planted with Jinzuo 84, a pioneering __________(organ) dryland variety of wheat. 12. A foreign face stood out at the market. He was deeply engrossed in making hawthorn balls, a traditional Chinese remedy for boosting appetite and ____________(digest). 13. As a child, Liu often struggled with ____________(digest) issues — a weak stomach and frequent diarrhea — and Western medicine offered little relief.  14. We suggest that countries should establish broader mechanisms for exchange and cooperation in the culture field, and deepen the breadth and ___________(deep) of cultural exchanges. 15. It's an approach _____________(root) in his belief about music's transcendent power to emotionally uplift audiences. II. 经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共12分) 1. 当我打扫房间的时候，找到很多在北京拍的照片。（while doing…状语从句的省略；take photos,用过去分词作后置定语） _________________________________________________________________ 2. 既然这是最后一次机会，你最好抓住它。（Now that…） _________________________________________________________________ 3. 因为恶劣的天气，我们决定把假期推迟到下个月。（Because of…,delay…till） _________________________________________________________________ 4. 令我担心的事情是，我们的航班由于恶劣的天气被延误。（what upset me引导主语从句） _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 I. shortage,crises,convincing,am convinced,assumption,expansion,consumption,flavored, nutritional,poverty,organic,digestion,digestive,depth,rooted II. When tidying up my room, I found some photos taken in Beijing. 2. Now that this is the last chance, you had better seize it. 3. Because of the terrible/bad weather, we decided to put off/delay the holiday till next month. 4. What upset me was that our flight was delayed because of the terrible weather. III. 语法填空(每小题1.5分，共30分) A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 For the first time, a dim sum restaurant 31 (award) one Michelin star in the Michelin Guide Shanghai as the 2025 guide was revealed on Tuesday at the Bellagio Shanghai. Following its relocation to South Maoming Road, Wu You Xian, 32 (know) for its specialty in Shanghai crab xiao long bao, earned the one Michelin star. By integrating hairy crab into the xiao long bao, the founder, Chen Lina, 33 (gentle) separated the crab into eight parts, including the crab meat, roe and paste, 34 (ensure) that diners experience the unique taste of each component — 35 quality Wu You Xian takes great pride in. “Not only do I treat my xiao long bao like my children, 36 like works of art as well; they are my life,” said Chen, a national first-class dim sum chef. She emphasized that although the xiao long bao may be small in size, they encapsulate(蕴含) a world of gourmet 37 (flavor). “After a thorough exploration of the city, our inspectors were glad to witness the emergence of an 38 (increase) number of local restaurants, particularly in the fields of Shanghainese cuisine, 39 beautifully balances history and modernity. From its beloved xiao long bao and dim sums 40 complex court cuisine, Shanghai’s dining scene has long been a symbol of cultural richness and culinary(烹饪的) innovation,” said Gwendal Poullennec, international director of the Michelin Guide. 【答案】 31．was awarded 32．known 33．gently 34．ensuring 35．a 36．but 37．flavors 38．increasing 39．which 40．to 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了上海一家点心餐厅“屋有鲜”在《2025年上海米其林指南》中首次获得一颗米其林星级的荣誉。 31．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：周二，《米其林上海指南》发布2025年版，一家点心餐厅首次被授予一颗米其林星。空处为句子谓语，主语a dim sum restaurant和award之间是被动关系，且根据was revealed可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，故填was awarded。 32．考查非谓语动词。句意：屋有鲜餐厅搬迁到南茂名路后，因其特色的上海蟹小笼包而闻名，获得了一颗米其林星。空处为后置定语，主语Wu You Xian和know之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，需用过去分词形式作定语，known for表示“因……而闻名”。故填known。 33．考查副词。句意：创始人陈丽娜将蟹肉巧妙地分成八部分，包括蟹肉、蟹黄和蟹膏，确保食客能体验到每一部分的独特味道——这是屋有鲜餐厅引以为傲的品质。所给词gentle为形容词，修饰动词separated应用副词形式。故填gently。 34．考查非谓语动词。句意：创始人陈丽娜将蟹肉巧妙地分成八部分，包括蟹肉、蟹黄和蟹膏，确保食客能体验到每一部分的独特味道——这是屋有鲜餐厅引以为傲的品质。空处需填非谓语动词作结果状语，ensure和句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示自然而然的结果，需用现在分词形式。故填ensuring。 35．考查冠词。句意：创始人陈丽娜将蟹肉巧妙地分成八部分，包括蟹肉、蟹黄和蟹膏，确保食客能体验到每一部分的独特味道——这是屋有鲜餐厅引以为傲的品质。此处quality是同位语，表示“这样一种……的品质”，且该词的发音是辅音音素开头，所以应填a。故填a。 36．考查固定句式。句意：“我不仅把小笼包当作自己的孩子，也当作艺术品；它们是我的生命，”国家一级点心厨师陈说。句子使用了“Not only... but (also)...”的结构，表示“不仅……而且……”。故填but。 37．考查名词复数。句意：她强调说，尽管小笼包可能很小，但它们却蕴含着美食风味的世界。flavor作“风味，味道”讲时，是可数名词，由a world of(表示“大量的”)可知，此处应用复数形式。故填flavors。 38．考查形容词。句意：“在对这座城市进行了彻底的探索之后，我们的检查员很高兴地看到，当地餐馆的数量越来越多，特别是在上海菜领域，上海菜很好地平衡了历史和现代。” 空处修饰名词number应用形容词，所给动词increase的形容词形式为increasing，作定语，意为“越来越多的”。故填increasing。 39．考查定语从句。句意“在对这座城市进行了彻底的探索之后，我们的检查员很高兴地看到，当地餐馆的数量越来越多，特别是在上海菜领域，上海菜很好地平衡了历史和现代。”此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Shanghainese cuisine，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。 40．考查介词。句意：“从深受人们喜爱的小笼包和点心，到复杂的宫廷菜肴，上海的餐饮场景一直是文化丰富和烹饪创新的象征，”米其林指南国际总监格温达尔·普伦尼克说。根据句意可知，此处表示“从……到……”，应用介词短语from…to…。故填to。 B 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How can you better understand body language to feel more confident and be more effective in a range of situations? If you are struggling to understand how to interpret body language of colleagues in different cultural contexts and how to respond, you may find yourself 41 (search) for a checklist of dos and don’ ts. But this isn’t necessarily the 42 (great) approach. Besides, you can start your interpretation 43 analysing groups, rather than looking at each gesture in isolation. For example, imagine that you are presenting an idea for a new process in a meeting, and your boss is smiling. Many experts would advise you that smiling is 44 (cultural) universal, so you might assume that your boss must be happy with your presentation. However, making this 45 (assume) without deeper investigation could prove problematic. If you take 46 second look at your boss, you might notice that she is also laughing slightly, looking down and moving her pen. This could mean a range of different things. How can you understand your boss’s reaction correctly? The answer is to check that your analysis of their body language matches with 47 the person says and how they say it. To understand the cultural influences 48 have led to her behaviour, it is first important to understand what cultural identity is. Many people use the terms “culture” and “nationality” interchangeably. However, generalising 49 (base) only on nationality can be risky. To help avoid this, the British Council 50 (develop) a description of culture in the last few years. 【答案】 41．searching 42．greatest 43．by 44．culturally 45．assumption 46．a 47．what 48．that/which 49．based 50．has developed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如何在不同的文化背景下解释他人的肢体语言以及如何做好回应，使自己感到更自信和更有效。 41．考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你正在努力理解如何理解不同文化背景下同事的肢体语言，以及如何应对，你可能会发现自己正在寻找一份“注意事项”清单。短语“find +宾语+宾补”结构，search与宾语yourself之间为主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式作宾补。故填searching。 42．考查形容词最高级。句意：但这并不一定是最好的方法。定冠词the后面用最高级形式greatest。故填greatest。 43．考查介词。句意：此外，你可以通过分析群体来开始你的解读，而不是孤立地看待每个手势。结合句意，此处用by表示“通过某种方式”。故填by。 44．考查副词。句意：许多专家会告诉你，微笑在文化中是普遍存在的，所以你可能会认为你的老板一定对你的演讲很满意。修饰形容词 universal可知用副词形式 culturally“在文化上”。故填culturally。 45．考查名词。句意：然而，在没有更深入调查的情况下做出这一假设可能会有问题。作动词的宾语，应用名词assumption。故填assumption。 46．考查冠词。句意：如果你再看一眼你的老板，你可能会注意到她也在微微笑着，低头并移动着她的笔。此处为固定短语take a second look at意为“再看一看”。故填a。 47．考查宾语从句。句意：答案是检查你对他们肢体语言的分析是否与他们所说的以及他们说话的方式相匹配。此处为连接词引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，指的是事情，应用what。故填what。 48．考查定语从句。句意：要理解导致她的行为的文化影响，首先要理解什么是文化认同。定语从句修饰先行词influences，在从句作主语，指物。故填that/which。 49．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，仅仅根据国籍进行概括是有风险的。短语be based on表示“根据”，此处为过去分词作定语。故填based。 50．考查动词时态。句意：为了避免这种情况，英国文化协会在过去几年里发展了一种文化描述。此处为谓语动词，根据后文in the last few years可知为现在完成时，主语the British Council 为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has developed。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$