01 专题1 名词(讲义)-【全效学习】2025年中考学练测英语课件PPT（湖南专版）

专题1　名词 中考学练测 · 英语 01 语法思维导图 02 专题考点梳理 CONTENTS 目 录 01 语法思维导图 专题1　名词 返回目录 02 专题考点梳理 考点1 可数名词及其单、复数 考向溯源 1．用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 (1)[2024龙东]Last winter holiday, we met some ______________(German) in Harbin. They liked Harbin so much. (2)Alisa will pick _________________ (strawberry) and ______________ (tomato) with her father tomorrow. (3)[2024临夏]There are many __________ (sheep) eating grass over there. Germans strawberries tomatoes sheep 专题1　名词 返回目录 (4)Look, the ________________(child) are having a good time flying kites in the park. (5)[2024扬州]Every year, Yangzhou offers a magical and special experience for its ________________(tour)． children tourists 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点归纳 一、可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 规则变化 示例 1.一般直接加­s book—books; magazine—①__________________ 2.以­s，­x，­sh，­ch 等结尾的名词在词尾加­es class—classes; box—①__________; brush—②______________; watch—③______________ 3.以­f(e)结尾的名词一般变f(e)为v，再加­es，也有部分直接加­s leaf—leaves; roof—roofs; shelf—①______________; knife—②____________ magazines boxes brushes watches shelves knives 专题1　名词 返回目录 4.以­o结尾的名词 加­es tomato—tomatoes; potato—①________________; hero—②____________ 加­s photo—photos; piano—③____________; video—④____________ 5.以­y结尾的名词 “辅音字母＋y”，大多数变y为i，再加­es family—families; country—①__________________; story—②______________ “元音字母＋y”，在词尾加­s toy—toys; boy—③________; day—④________ potatoes heroes pianos videos countries stories boys days 专题1　名词 返回目录 二、可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 不规则变化 示例 1.变a为e man—men; woman—①__________; postman—②______________ 2.变oo为ee tooth—teeth; foot—①________; goose—②__________ 3.单复数同形 a fish—eight fish; a deer—a lot of ①________; a sheep—twenty ②__________ ·fish表示“鱼的条数”时，复数形式为fish；fish表示“鱼的种类”时，复数形式用fish或fishes均可；fish表示“鱼肉”时，为不可数名词 women postmen feet geese deer sheep 专题1　名词 返回目录 4.表示“某国人” Chinese—Chinese; Japanese—①________________； Englishman—Englishmen; Frenchman—②__________________； American—Americans; German—③______________ 5.其他变化形式 mouse—mice; child—①________________ Japanese Frenchmen Germans children 专题1　名词 返回目录 6.名词作定语的复数变化 (1)多数情况将最后一个名词变为复数 a boy student—two boy students; an apple tree—six ①________________; a shoe factory—two ②________________ (2)由man/woman修饰，前后名词均变复数 a man teacher—ten men teachers; a woman nurse—many ③________________________ (3)作定语时常以复数形式出现的名词 一家服装店a clothes shop; 一场运动会 ④_____________________ apple trees shoe factories women nurses a sports meeting 专题1　名词 返回目录 【拓展】 (1)一些集体名词形式上为单数，意义为复数。如：people(人民), police(警察), public(公众)。 (2)一些名词形式上为复数，意义为单数。如：news(消息), physics(物理)。 (3)部分集体名词既可作单数(整体)，也可作复数(成员)。如：class(班级：单数；全班同学：复数), family(家庭：单数；家人：复数), couple, group等。如： ①我家将要搬迁。My family ____(be) going to move. ②我的家人都在看电视。My family ______(be) all watching TV. (4)有些有对称关系的名词通常只用复数形式。如：glasses, scissors, shoes, shorts, socks, trousers等。 is are 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点2 不可数名词 考向溯源 2．用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 (1)Lisa, could you help me buy some ________(beef) on your way home? (2)My friend gave me some ____________(advice) on how to keep a pet. (3)To our joy, pieces of good ________ (news) come one after another. (4)After the students get paid, the ________(rest) of the money goes to a local youth project. (5)Chinese scientists have made great ________________(progress) in space technology recently. beef advice news rest progress 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点归纳 定义 指不能以数目计算的名词，如：homework(家庭作业)，music(音乐)，advice(建议)，news(新闻)，work(工作)，weather(天气)，traffic(交通)，information(信息)等。作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，如： 这牛奶太烫了无法喝。The milk is too hot to drink. 不可数名词 的量 具体的数量(数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词) 一瓶水one bottle of water； 四张纸 ①__________________________ ·在这种情况下，后面谓语动词的单复数形式与量词的数保持一致。如： One bottle of water is not enough.But three bottles of water ②______(be) OK. 大概的数量(其前加修饰词) much, little, a little, a bit of, some, any, a lot of/lots of, plenty of, a great deal of等 four pieces of paper　 are 专题1　名词 返回目录 【拓展】 (1)常见的既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词的修饰词有：some(一些), a lot of/lots of(许多), plenty of(大量)等。 (2)有些物质名词在表达个体、种类、份数等具体概念时可以转化为可数名词。如：rain 雨→a rain 一场雨。抽象名词表示具体事物时，可以用作可数名词。如：pleasure 娱乐→a pleasure一件愉快的事。 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点3 名词所有格 考向溯源 3．用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 (1)[2024兰州]We had a bad time that day, but the next ________(day) trip was pretty good. (2)_______________________(Tony and Peter) father is a pilot. He has been to many countries around the world. (3)Everyone knows March 8th is ____________(woman) Day and that September 10th is ________________(teacher) Day. day's Tony and Peter's Women's Teachers' 专题1　名词 返回目录 (4)[2024龙东]It is reported that 30 ______________(minute) walk every day is healthy enough. (5)He is an old friend of my ____________ (uncle)． minutes' uncle's 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点归纳 类型 用法 构成方式 示例 ­'s所有格 常用于有 生命的名词 单数名词一般在词尾加­'s 汤姆的书Tom's book 我哥的自行车①______________________ bike     以­s结尾的复数名词在词尾加­' 教师节Teachers' Day 女子100米赛跑 ②__________ 100­meter race my brother's　 girls' 专题1　名词 返回目录 ­'s所有格 常用于有 生命的名词 不以­s结尾的复数名词在词尾加­'s 妇女节Women's Day 儿童节 ③______________ Day 如果某物为两者共同所有时，只需在后一个名词后加­'s；如果某物为两者各自所有时，则在两个名词后都加­'s 约翰和彼得的房间(共同所有) John and Peter's room 约翰(的房间)和彼得的房间(各自所有) ④______________________ rooms “名词＋­'s”可以表示“某人的家”“诊所”“店铺”等处所 在史密斯先生家at Mr.Smith's 在医务室at the ⑤______________ 有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词，也可以在词尾加­'s构成所有格 (骑行)2小时的车程 two ⑥__________ ride Children's John's and Peter's doctor's hours' 专题1　名词 返回目录 of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 房子的窗户the windows of the house 天空的颜色the color ⑦____ the sky 双重 所有格 “of＋­'s”所有格 我父亲的一个朋友 a friend of ⑧____________________ of＋名词性物主代词 我的一个同班同学a classmate of ⑨________ of my father's mine 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点4 专有名词 考向溯源 4．根据汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。 (1)[2024湖南改编]七月的每个周日，图书爱好者都会为孩子们讲故事。 Book lovers read stories to children __________ ____________ ____ ________． (2)孩子们总是盼望着春节。 Children always look forward to the ____________ ________________． (3)我打算明天参观湖南省博物馆。 I plan to visit the __________ ____________ tomorrow. every Sunday in July Spring Festival Hunan Museum 专题1　名词 返回目录 5．英译中。 (1)[2024湖南改编]I fell in love with Journey to the West. _________________________ (2)Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an important part of Chinese culture. ____________________________________________ 我爱上了《西游记》。 中医是中华文化的重要组成部分。 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点归纳 专有名词是表示具体的人名、地名、机构名、国名、月份、星期、节日、语言、报刊、电影、书籍或某一事物所特有的名称的名词。 【拓展】 (1)专有名词的首字母需要①__________。 (2)专有名词前通常不加冠词，也没有复数形式。如：爱因斯坦Einstein，亚洲Asia，九月②______________，星期三 Wednesday，国庆节③________________，《中国日报》China Daily。 大写 September　 National Day 专题1　名词 返回目录 (3)由普通名词构成的专有名词前通常要加定冠词the。如：长城The Great Wall，长江The Changjiang River (The Yangtze River)，黄河The Yellow River。 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点5 名词的构词法变形 考向溯源 6．用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 (1)We will invite two __________________ (music) to the art festival next week. (2) She is one of the greatest ______________ (art) whose works I really admire. (3)Thanks for offering me some valuable ______________________(suggest), Mr.Wang. musicians artists suggestions 专题1　名词 返回目录 (4)Physical exercise makes you tired but completely relaxed. A strong body helps you be full of ____________________(confident)． (5)We are supposed to pay more attention to food ____________(safe)． confidence safety 专题1　名词 返回目录 考点归纳 常见后缀 表达意义 示例 ­er/­or 从事某事的人 歌手singer，作家 ①____________ 发明家inventor，游客 ②______________ ­ian 精通 …… 的人 魔术师magician，音乐家 ③________________ ­ist 专业人员 艺术家artist，科学家 ④__________________ ­ment/­ness 行为、性质或状态等 发展development，争吵 ⑤________________ 悲伤 sadness，善良 ⑥________________ ­ion 联系relation，保护 ⑦____________________ writer visitor musician scientist argument kindness protection 专题1　名词 返回目录 ­ance/­ence 行为、性质或状态等 入口entrance，差异 ⑧____________________ ­th/­(i)ty 温暖warmth，真理 ⑨__________ 安全safety，困难 ⑩____________________ ­ing 物品，事情 会议meeting，建筑物 ⑪________________ ­hood 身份，状况 童年childhood，成年 ⑫__________________ ­ship 关系，地位 友谊friendship，会员 ⑬____________________ difference truth difficulty building adulthood membership 专题1　名词 返回目录 语法综合训练 [2022玉林改编]阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 My favorite film is Walt 1.______________(Disney) The Lion King. Six hundred 2.______________ (art), engineers and other 3.____________(people) make the film and it takes three years to finish the film. More than a million 4.________________(picture) are used in it. I like cartoons and I like Walt Disney films. This cartoon is my favorite because I learn a lot from it. 5.________________(cartoon) usually happen in a cartoon world and it is quite different from the real world. Disney's artists people pictures Cartoons 专题1　名词 返回目录 But The Lion King is a story that happens in a real place. It happens in Africa, and it uses African music and 6.__________(name)． Then environment is more important in this film. Simba, a brave lion, is the main character and it plays a successful role. Many famous 7.____________(act) are in this film. The 8.__________________(direct) of this film are Roger Allers and Rob Minkoff. Both 9.________________(child) around the world and some 10.____________ (adult) love to see the film very much names actors directors children adults 专题1　名词 返回目录 $$