（复习部分）专题03 非谓语动词-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（鲁教版五四制）

专题03 非谓语动词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。在初中英语中常见的非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式，动名词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词 ( 考点一 动词不定式 ) 动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为：to +动词原形，也可以不用to，即,动词原形.to为不定式符号，无意义。否定式为：not + (to) do 不定式的句法功能： 1,作主语： To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。 如，It is one’s duty/ turn /dream to do sth. It’s time to do sth. 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 如，It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. It’s very important for us to protect the environment 2.作宾语： 1)常接不定式做宾语连用的动词有： would like,want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,refuse,help,agree，offer， dare,fail,need,promise等。 如， Would you like to see a movie this evening? 口诀记忆如下： 想要（want/woud like)满分需(need)努力((try)，希望(hope) 愿望(wish)记心间。 期待（except）成功早决定（decide），完美计划（plan）莫拖延。 为避失败（fail）拒（refuse）躺平，互帮（help)互学（learn)解疑难。 师长叮咛要同意(agree)，敢于（dare)比拼承诺(promise)圆。 2)在find,think后加不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，其句型为：find/think + it +形容词+ to do. 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 3)常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)： Why not do---？= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please (not) do---? 3．作宾语补足语： 1）动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词： ask,tell,want,would like,allow,warn,encourage,teach,advise,help,wish,order,invite 等. 可以理解为结构： ask/ tell / want/ allow/ encourage/ warn sb (not) to do sth 如，My mother wants me to drink milk .我母亲想要我喝牛奶。 My parents often tell me not to play in the street.我父母常告诉我不要在街上玩。 【注意】help sb (to) do.help后面的动词可以用动词原形也可以加to。如， I often help mom (to) cook.我经常帮助妈妈做饭。 2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况： 若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel 时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。 可以理解为结构：make/let sb do; see/ find/ watch/ hear/ feel sb do 例如： Let's go！走吧！ He saw the thief steal a lady’s cellphone. 4．作表语： 　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 　　He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了 5．作状语： 　　不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 　　To make things easier,some people would rather just give money. 为了省事，有些人你原直接送钱。　　 6.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词 what,when,who,where,which,how等连用。即,疑问词+to do. 如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it. 老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。   1.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选） “Well, let’s _____ (go).” And then Ben Price acted rather strangely. 2.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）. I called the bus company the next day ________ (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. 3.（2022年济宁语法填空节选）Mrs. Green is an old lady. She has a small car, and she always drives to the shops ________ (buy) food. 4.（2022年日照中考语法填空节选）But then he left as he had something important ___ ___ (do). 5.(2023年德州中考综合填空改编）“The writing on the form is light and hard _______ （read).” ( 考点 二 动名词 ) 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能,一般由动词原形+-ing构成。 否定式：not + 动名词 动名词的句法功能： 1.作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 2.作宾语： They haven't finished building the hospital. 他们还没有建好医院。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意：要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,keep,consider,miss,mind,practise等。 口诀记忆如下（找出口诀中对应的接动名词作宾语的动词）： 坚持（keep）练习（practice）莫介意(mind)，完成(finish)目标享(enjoy)乐趣。 宝贵建议(suggest)别错过(miss)，避免（avoid）失误细考虑（consider）。 【注意】 1）一般说来，介词后的动词要加-ing。以下结构中的to是介词不是不定式符号。 be /get/used to(习惯于做------), look forward to, pay attention to 如， Tom used to ride a bike to school, but now he is used to walking to school. 2）固定搭配 be busy/ worth/ comfortable doing; spend…doing ; have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time doing. 如， We had fun spending time playing with children. 3）有些动词既可以加动词不定式作宾语又可以加-ving作宾语，但所表达的意 义不同。  remember/forget to do sth: 记得/忘记要做的事。 remember/forget doing sth ：记得/忘记曾经做的事。  stop to do sth :停下来做某事； stop doing sth：停止做某事。 3．作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 1.(2023年德州中考综合填空改编）Some people suggested that Tonya should ask some experts (专家) for help, who can find out its age by ____ ____ （use) C14(碳14).. 2.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选）He and Pagani were busy _______ (work) together during this period, I’m sure. 3.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）Without _______ (stop) to think, Mr. Hope jumped into the water and pulled the man up from underneath the water. 4.（2022年滨州中考词汇运用节选） I couldn’t remember ________ (put) the envelope on my shelf. 5.（2023年东营中考动词填空节选） If we offer to help clean its leaves, would you consider _______ (keep) it?” Dad said. ( 考点三 分词 ) 一、现在分词 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式：动词原形+-ing。 否定式：not + 现在分词 现在分词的句法功能： 1.作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【注意】现在分词在句中作定语表示一个正在进行或将要发生的动作，它与中心词之间存在主谓关系。 如， There are some people waiting for a bus. (There be +sb/sth + -ving) 2.作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see,watch,hear,feel,find,keep,notice,listen to,look at,leave等。 例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 【注意】动词原形和现在分词作宾补的区别 感官动词 see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel等词加动词原形作宾补表示已经完成或经常性的动作，加-ving作宾补表示动作正在进行着。 如，see/hear sb do sth:看见/听见某人经常/已做某事； see/hear sb doing sth: 看见/听见某人正在做某事。 I often hear him sing in the classroom. Listen, you can hear him singing in the classroom. 我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。听， 你就会听到他正在教室里唱歌。 3．现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语：常见when,while, before/after 等+ving While leaving the room, please turn off the lights. ②作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 The student went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ③ 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 二、过去分词 1.过去分词作定语： 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 【注意】过去分词作定语，表示一个已完成或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在动宾关系。 如，Do you know the girl called Lucy? He likes the books written by Hanhan.  They are talking about the photos taken by children from Yushu. 2．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done,they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 【注意】过去分词作宾补时多表被动，常见结构有have/get/make/+sb/sth+done. 如，He’ll have his hair cut after school. He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard by everyone. 1.(2022年滨州中考词汇应用节选） It was a letter __ __ (write) by my mom. 2.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat _______ (go) down fast. 3.（2024年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） During the following silence they could just hear the girl wildly ______ (shout) in the dark vault 单项选择 1.Most of the young people enjoy ______ Jay Chou's songs. A．sing B．sang C．singing D．to sing 2. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing 3. We often hear some students _______ spoken English in the English corner. A. practiced B. practicing C. practice D. was practicing 4. —What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ___________ at home rather than ___________ on such a rainy day. A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C.to watching TV; going out D. to watch TV; go out 5. Why not________your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________it by yourself? A.ask,write B.to ask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking, write 6. My parents often tell me __________ in the street, it is very dangerous. A. don’t play B. not playing C. not to play D. not play. 7.My bag is old. I went to that shop______ a new one yesterday. A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought 8. ----How about _______in the river with us? ----Sorry I can’t．My parents often tell me_________that． A．swim, don’t do    B. swim, to do C.swimming, not do   D.swimming, not to do 9.----Would you mind my _______ here? ----Sorry, you’d better not. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smokes 10. The woman made his son ______ finally after she told him some jokes. A. stop to cry B.to stop crying C. stopped crying D.stop crying 11. ---- Is Jack in the library? ---- No,. I saw him ______ on the playground when I passed by. A. playing B.play C. to play D. played 12.Allan has a pet dog. I often see him the dog in the morning. A. walk B. walks C. walked D. to walk 13. Larry hopes ________ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day. A. to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving 14. I didn’t see you ______ in. You must have been very quiet. A. comes B. to come C. come D. have come 15._______ milk is good for your health．（　　） A．Drinking B．Drink C．Drinks D．drank 真题感知 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2022年年东营动词填空节选）I just expect her ________ (know) what’s wrong and say she’s sorry.” 2.（2024年德州中考选词填空改编）When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn’t know much about how ______ sand. 3.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） He burned your farm down to make you _______ (sell) it. 4.（2022年潍坊语法填空）A few yards away, we stopped ___ __（laugh）loudly. 5.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）. I was shocked ____39____ (learn) that our doorman was once a great rower (划船运动员). 6.（2022年临沂动词应用节选）This long-time hobby has also allowed him ______（express）himself through art. 7.（2022年滨州中考词汇应用节选）. But if you look inside yourself, you can light your path and find out where ________ (go). 8.（2023年东营动词填空节选）Our neighbor, Mr Morris, came to our house _______ (talk) to us today. 9.（2022年年东营动词填空节选）You might lose Jenny as a friend if you make such a choice without ________ (talk) about it with her,” replied Mom. 10.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） Then he and your uncle made a project ______ (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 非谓语动词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词是相对的概念。在初中英语中常见的非谓语动词的形式有：动词不定式，动名词，分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 非谓语动词 ( 考点一 动词不定式 ) 动词不定式：具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。其构成形式为：to +动词原形，也可以不用to，即,动词原形.to为不定式符号，无意义。否定式为：not + (to) do 不定式的句法功能： 1,作主语： To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。 To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式： It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。 It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。 常用句式有： 1)、It+be+名词+to do。 如，It is one’s duty/ turn /dream to do sth. It’s time to do sth. 2)、It takes sb.+some time+to do。 3)、It+be+形容词+(for/of) sb +to do。 如，It’s very kind/nice of you to help me. It’s very important for us to protect the environment 2.作宾语： 1)常接不定式做宾语连用的动词有： would like,want,hope,wish,plan,expect,decide,try,learn,refuse,help,agree，offer， dare,fail,need,promise等。 如， Would you like to see a movie this evening? 口诀记忆如下： 想要（want/woud like)满分需(need)努力((try)，希望(hope) 愿望(wish)记心间。 期待（except）成功早决定（decide），完美计划（plan）莫拖延。 为避失败（fail）拒（refuse）躺平，互帮（help)互学（learn)解疑难。 师长叮咛要同意(agree)，敢于（dare)比拼承诺(promise)圆。 2)在find,think后加不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，其句型为：find/think + it +形容词+ to do. 例如： Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。 3)常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式(即动词原形)： Why not do---？= Why don't you do---? had better (not) do---, would rather do---,prefer to do---, would/could/will you please (not) do---? 3．作宾语补足语： 1）动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词： ask,tell,want,would like,allow,warn,encourage,teach,advise,help,wish,order,invite 等. 可以理解为结构： ask/ tell / want/ allow/ encourage/ warn sb (not) to do sth 如，My mother wants me to drink milk .我母亲想要我喝牛奶。 My parents often tell me not to play in the street.我父母常告诉我不要在街上玩。 【注意】help sb (to) do.help后面的动词可以用动词原形也可以加to。如， I often help mom (to) cook.我经常帮助妈妈做饭。 2), 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况： 若不定式前的谓语动词是使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel 时，不定式符号to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。 可以理解为结构：make/let sb do; see/ find/ watch/ hear/ feel sb do 例如： Let's go！走吧！ He saw the thief steal a lady’s cellphone. 4．作表语： 　　Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。 　　He seems to catch a cold. 他似乎感冒了 5．作状语： 　　不定式作状语时初中阶段重点掌握不定式表目的： 　　He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。 　　To make things easier,some people would rather just give money. 为了省事，有些人你原直接送钱。　　 6.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词 what,when,who,where,which,how等连用。即,疑问词+to do. 如： He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些学英语的建议。 The teacher is telling the students what to do and how to do it. 老师正在告诉学生们做什么及怎么做。   1.（2024年潍坊语言知识运用节选） “Well, let’s _____ (go).” And then Ben Price acted rather strangely. 【答案】go 【解析】句意：“好吧，我们走吧。”let后跟动词原形。故填go。 2.（2023年济南市阅读填空节选）. I called the bus company the next day ________ (check) if they could find it, but it wasn’t there. 【答案】to check 【解析】句意：第二天，我打电话给公共汽车公司，问他们是否能找到它，但它不在那里。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to check。 3.（2022年济宁语法填空节选）Mrs. Green is an old lady. She has a small car, and she always drives to the shops ________ (buy) food. 【答案】to buy 【解析】句意：她有一辆小汽车，她总是开车去商店买食物。此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to buy。 4.（2022年日照中考语法填空节选）But then he left as he had something important ___ ___ (do). 【答案】to do 【解析】句意：但是之后他就离开了，因为他还有一些重要的事情要做。something important是“一些重要的事情”，后接动词不定式作后置定语，动词do的不定式为to do。故填to do。 5.(2023年德州中考综合填空改编）“The writing on the form is light and hard _______ （read).” 【答案】to read 【解析】句意：表格上的文字很轻，很难阅读。根据“The writing on the form is light”可知文字写的很轻，所以很难阅读，read“读”，此处用动词不定式。故填to read。 ( 考点 二 动名词 ) 动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能,一般由动词原形+-ing构成。 否定式：not + 动名词 动名词的句法功能： 1.作主语： Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 2.作宾语： They haven't finished building the hospital. 他们还没有建好医院。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意：要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语： enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid,keep,consider,miss,mind,practise等。 口诀记忆如下（找出口诀中对应的接动名词作宾语的动词）： 坚持（keep）练习（practice）莫介意(mind)，完成(finish)目标享(enjoy)乐趣。 宝贵建议(suggest)别错过(miss)，避免（avoid）失误细考虑（consider）。 【注意】 1）一般说来，介词后的动词要加-ing。以下结构中的to是介词不是不定式符号。 be /get/used to(习惯于做------), look forward to, pay attention to 如， Tom used to ride a bike to school, but now he is used to walking to school. 2）固定搭配 be busy/ worth/ comfortable doing; spend…doing ; have fun/a good time/problems/trouble/a hard(difficult)time doing. 如， We had fun spending time playing with children. 3）有些动词既可以加动词不定式作宾语又可以加-ving作宾语，但所表达的意 义不同。  remember/forget to do sth: 记得/忘记要做的事。 remember/forget doing sth ：记得/忘记曾经做的事。  stop to do sth :停下来做某事； stop doing sth：停止做某事。 3．作表语： His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。 1.(2023年德州中考综合填空改编）Some people suggested that Tonya should ask some experts (专家) for help, who can find out its age by ____ ____ （use) C14(碳14).. 【答案】using 【解析】句意：有人建议Tonya应该向一些专家寻求帮助，他们可以通过使用C14来了解它的年龄。根据“find out its age by...C14”可知是使用C14了解它的年龄，use“使用”，介词by后加动名词。故填using。 2.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选）He and Pagani were busy _______ (work) together during this period, I’m sure. 【答案】working 【解析】句意：我敢肯定，这段时间他和帕加尼在一起很忙。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填working。 3.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）Without _______ (stop) to think, Mr. Hope jumped into the water and pulled the man up from underneath the water. 【答案】stopping 【解析】句意：霍普先生想都没想就跳进水里，把那个人从水下拉了上来。Without是介词，其后用动名词作宾语，故填stopping。 4.（2022年滨州中考词汇运用节选） I couldn’t remember ________ (put) the envelope on my shelf. 【答案】putting 【解析】句意：我记不得把信封放在我的架子上。句子表达“不记得做过的事”用“not remember doing”，句子用动名词“putting”作宾语。故填putting。 5.（2023年东营中考动词填空节选） If we offer to help clean its leaves, would you consider _______ (keep) it?” Dad said. 【答案】keeping 【解析】句意：如果我们愿意帮忙清理它的叶子，你会考虑留下它吗？consider doing sth“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语，故填keeping。 ( 考点三 分词 ) 一、现在分词 现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。 现在分词的形式：动词原形+-ing。 否定式：not + 现在分词 现在分词的句法功能： 1.作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。 【注意】现在分词在句中作定语表示一个正在进行或将要发生的动作，它与中心词之间存在主谓关系。 如， There are some people waiting for a bus. (There be +sb/sth + -ving) 2.作宾语补足语： 如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语： see,watch,hear,feel,find,keep,notice,listen to,look at,leave等。 例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？ 　He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。 【注意】动词原形和现在分词作宾补的区别 感官动词 see，watch，look at，find， notice，hear，listen to， feel等词加动词原形作宾补表示已经完成或经常性的动作，加-ving作宾补表示动作正在进行着。 如，see/hear sb do sth:看见/听见某人经常/已做某事； see/hear sb doing sth: 看见/听见某人正在做某事。 I often hear him sing in the classroom. Listen, you can hear him singing in the classroom. 我经常听见他在教室里唱歌。听， 你就会听到他正在教室里唱歌。 3．现在分词作状语： ①作时间状语：常见when,while, before/after 等+ving While leaving the room, please turn off the lights. ②作方式状语，表示伴随： He stayed at home,cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。 The student went out of the classroom,talking and laughing. 学生们谈笑着走出教室。 ③ 有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式 With the lights burning,he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。 二、过去分词 1.过去分词作定语： 注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。 【注意】过去分词作定语，表示一个已完成或被动的动作，它与中心词之间存在动宾关系。 如，Do you know the girl called Lucy? He likes the books written by Hanhan.  They are talking about the photos taken by children from Yushu. 2．过去分词作宾语补足语： I heard the song sung several times last week. 上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。 有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语： With the work done,they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。 【注意】过去分词作宾补时多表被动，常见结构有have/get/make/+sb/sth+done. 如，He’ll have his hair cut after school. He spoke loudly so that he could make himself heard by everyone. 1.(2022年滨州中考词汇应用节选） It was a letter __ __ (write) by my mom. 【答案】written 【解析】句意：是一封我妈妈写的信。根据“by my mom”可知，信件与母亲之间是被动关系，用过去分词“written”作定语。故填written 2.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat _______ (go) down fast. 【答案】going 【解析】句意：他看到对手的船沉得很快。根据“He saw his opponent’s (对手) boat...down fast.”可知，此处是see...doing sth“看见……正在做”，使用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填going。 3.（2024年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） During the following silence they could just hear the girl wildly ______ (shout) in the dark vault 【答案】shouting/shouted。 【解析】.句意：在接下来的沉默中，他们只听到那个女孩在黑暗的金库里疯狂地喊叫。hear sb. doing sth.“听见某人正在做某事”，固定用法或hear后接省略that的宾语从句，用shouted作谓语。故填shouting/shouted。 单项选择 1.Most of the young people enjoy ______ Jay Chou's songs. A．sing B．sang C．singing D．to sing 【答案】C 【解析】固定搭配：enjoy后需接动名词（-ing形式），表示“喜欢做某事”，即enjoy doing sth.。因此选singing。 2. When I walked past the park, I saw some old people ________ Chinese Taiji. A. do B. did C. doing D. are doing 【答案】C 【解析】 感官动词用法：see sb. doing sth. 表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。句中“路过公园时”看到老人正在打太极，用doing。 3. We often hear some students _______ spoken English in the English corner. A. practiced B. practicing C. practice D. was practicing 【答案】C 【解析】感官动词用法：hear sb. do sth. 表示“听到某人做某事”，强调动作的全过程或经常性行为。句中“经常听到学生练习”，用动词原形practice。 4. —What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ___________ at home rather than ___________ on such a rainy day. A. watch TV; to go out B. watch TV; go out C.to watching TV; going out D. to watch TV; go out 【答案】D 【解析】固定句型：prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 意为“宁愿做……而不愿做……”，前后动词分别用to do和动词原形。因此选to watch TV和go out。 5. Why not________your teacher for help when you can’t finish ________it by yourself? A.ask,write B.to ask,writing C.ask,writing D.asking, write 【答案】C 【解析】Why not do sth.?：固定句型，后接动词原形，故第一空用ask； finish doing sth.：finish后接动名词，表示“完成做某事”，故第二空用writing 6. My parents often tell me __________ in the street, it is very dangerous. A. don’t play B. not playing C. not to play D. not play. 【答案】C 【解析】 固定搭配：tell sb. not to do sth. 表示“告诉某人不要做某事”，用不定式否定形式not to play。 7.My bag is old. I went to that shop______ a new one yesterday. A. to buy B. buy C. buying D. bought 【答案】A 【解析】目的状语：to buy a new one是不定式短语作目的状语，表示“去商店”的目的是“买新包”。 8. ----How about _______in the river with us? ----Sorry I can’t．My parents often tell me_________that． A．swim, don’t do    B. swim, to do C.swimming, not do   D.swimming, not to do 【答案】D 【解析】- How about doing sth.?：固定句型，询问“做某事如何”，故第一空用swimming； tell sb. not to do sth.：第二空表示“父母告诉我不要那样做”，用not to do。 9.----Would you mind my _______ here? ----Sorry, you’d better not. A. smoke B. to smoke C. smoking D. smokes 【答案】C 【解析】 固定搭配：mind doing sth. 表示“介意做某事”，my是形容词性物主代词，后接动名词smoking。 10. The woman made his son ______ finally after she told him some jokes. A. stop to cry B.to stop crying C. stopped crying D.stop crying 【答案】D 【解析】使役动词用法：make sb. do sth. 表示“让某人做某事”，宾补用动词原形，故stop用原形； stop doing sth.：表示“停止正在做的事”，stop crying即“停止哭泣”。 11. ---- Is Jack in the library? ---- No,. I saw him ______ on the playground when I passed by. A. playing B.play C. to play D. played 【答案】A 【解析】 感官动词用法：see sb. doing sth. 强调动作正在进行，“路过时看到他正在操场上玩”，用playing。 12.Allan has a pet dog. I often see him the dog in the morning. A. walk B. walks C. walked D. to walk 【答案】A 【解析】感官动词用法：often（经常）表明动作是习惯性的，see sb. do sth. 表示“看到某人做某事”的全过程，用walk。 13. Larry hopes ________ his English, so he keeps practicing it every day. A. to solve B. solving C. to improve D. improving 【答案】C 【解析】固定搭配：hope to do sth. 表示“希望做某事”，用不定式to improve。 14. I didn’t see you ______ in. You must have been very quiet. A. comes B. to come C. come D. have come 【答案】C 【解析】 感官动词用法：see sb. do sth. 表示“看到某人做某事”，此处强调“进入”的动作已完成，用动词原形come。 15._______ milk is good for your health．（　　） A．Drinking B．Drink C．Drinks D．drank 【答案】A 【解析】动名词作主语：动词原形不能直接作主语，需用动名词形式Drinking，表示“喝牛奶”这一行为对健康有益。 真题感知 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 1.（2022年年东营动词填空节选）I just expect her ________ (know) what’s wrong and say she’s sorry.” 【答案】to know 【解析】这里考查“expect sb. to do sth.”的固定搭配，意思是“期望某人做某事”。句子表达“我只是期望她知道哪里错了并说对不起”，所以用动词不定式“to know”。 2.（2024年德州中考选词填空改编）When Lyu Linyou first came to the county, he didn’t know much about how ______ sand. 【答案】to control 【解析】句意：吕林友刚来这个县的时候，对如何控制沙子不太了解。根据“he didn’t know much about how...sand”以及备选词汇可知，此处是指“控制沙子”。how to do sth.“如何做某事”是“疑问词+不定式”的结构作宾语。故填to control。 3.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） He burned your farm down to make you _______ (sell) it. 【答案】make 【解析】句意：他烧了你的农场，要你把它卖掉。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，此空应填动词原形，故填sell。 4.（2022年潍坊语法填空）A few yards away, we stopped ___ __（laugh）loudly. 【答案】to laugh 【解析】句意：几码远的地方，我们停下来放声大笑。根据“we stopped…loudly”可知，是停下来大笑，用stop to do sth表示“停下来去做另一件事”，故填to laugh。 5.（2022年威海中考动词填空节选）. I was shocked _____ (learn) that our doorman was once a great rower (划船运动员). 【答案】to learn 【解析】句意：我很震惊地得知我们的门卫曾经是一个很棒的划船运动员。be shocked to do sth“做某事感到震惊”，故填to learn。 6.（2022年临沂动词应用节选）This long-time hobby has also allowed him ______（express）himself through art. 【答案】to express 【解析】句意：这个长期的爱好也让他能够通过艺术表达自己。allow sb to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，空格处应为动词不定式to express作宾语补足语。故填to express。 7.（2022年滨州中考词汇应用节选）. But if you look inside yourself, you can light your path and find out where ________ (go). 【答案】to go 【解析】句意：但如果你审视自己的内心，你就能照亮自己的道路，找到前进的方向。根据“where”可知句子用“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构。用“where to go”表示“去哪里”。故填to go。 8.（2023年东营动词填空节选）Our neighbor, Mr Morris, came to our house _______ (talk) to us today. 【答案】to talk 【解析】句意：我们的邻居莫里斯先生今天来我们家和我们谈话。根据“came to our house… to us”可知，来家里的目的是谈话，所以用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to talk。 9.（2022年年东营动词填空节选）You might lose Jenny as a friend if you make such a choice without ________ (talk) about it with her,” replied Mom. 【答案】talking 【解析】这里考查介词后接动名词的用法。“without”是介词，后面需接动词的-ing形式，构成“without doing sth.”结构，表示“没有做某事”。句子意思是“如果你不跟珍妮商量就做这样的选择，可能会失去她这个朋友”，所以用“talking”。 10.（2023年潍坊中考语言知识运用节选） Then he and your uncle made a project ______ (build) shops and houses on your land so that they could sell them for a profit. 【答案】to build 【解析】句意：然后他和你叔叔做了一个计划，在你的土地上建造商店和房子，这样他们就可以卖掉它们来赚钱。根据“made a project…shops and houses on your land”可知，此空应填动词不定式作定语修饰名词project，故填to build。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$