（复习部分）专题02 语态-【暑假自学课】2025年新九年级英语暑假提升精品讲义（鲁教版五四制）

专题02 动词的语态 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 动词语态 ( 考点一 语态的基本概念 ) 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（发出者）。 例句：We clean the room every day. （主语“we”执行“clean”的动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语是主动语态句子中的宾语）。 例句：The room is cleaned every day. （主语“the room”承受“被清洁”的动作） 1.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）The “No. 6 combo” is made up of a bowl of spicy soup, locally called hulatang, and a baijimo. It ________ (consider) as a secret code (暗号) between the customer and the restaurant. 2.（2023年青岛词汇运用改编) A set of paper cutting ________ （give）to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week. ( 考点二 被动语态的构成 ) 被动语态的基本构成形式： 主语+be（助动词）+过去分词 初中阶段重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。 1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +动词过去分词。 如，The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +动词过去分词。 如，Our school was built in 1998. 3.一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词过去分词。 如，The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词（should/can/may/must/---) be + 动词过去分词 This job must be done as soon as possible. 1.（2024年潍坊中考真题语言知识运用改编） The old banker cried, “Oh, the door can’t ______ (open). And the clock I hadn’t started yet. 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空）The tree ________ (save)! Everyone in the neighborhood, even Mr Morris, came to celebrate. ( 考点三 被动语态用法 ) 1. 强调动作承受者（而非执行者）： 主动：My mom made this cake. 被动：This cake was made by my mom.（强调蛋糕） 2. 动作执行者未知或不重要： The old bridge was built in 1950.（谁建的？不重要） 3. 避免主观表述（常见于说明文、科学文章）： The results will be announced next week. 【注意】 1.及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, appear, belong to）无被动形式： ❌ The accident was happened last night. ✅ The accident happened last night. 2. 主动表被动的情况（感官动词/系动词）： The flowers smell sweet.（不用被动） The silk dress feels soft. 1.(2024年菏泽中考真题单选） —More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A. are producing B. will produce C. are produced 2.（2024年德州中考选词填空改编）The place he started working 1）___ __ （call） the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 2）___ ___ 1.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car． A．are allowed B．will be allowed C．allow 2.They have collected more than 14,000 books since the library, last month. A. built B. was built C. builds D. is built 3.As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese ______ in more and more schools out of our country． A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 4.I' m sorry I can't finish the task on time because I____ only 10 minutes. A. will give B. was given C. am given D. gave 5.. The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us. A. is forgotten B. forget C. be forgotten D. forgot 6. ﹣Would you like to go shopping with me after lunch？ ﹣I'd love to， but I____to go out this afternoon．（　　） A．don't allow B．will allow C．won't be allowed D. am not allowed 7.Every year lots of trees _______ to make our country more beautiful. A．is planted B．was planted C．are planted D．were planted 8. We are glad that a famous writer _______ to our school to give a talk next week. A. invites B. invited C. will be invited D. was invited 9. A large number of engineers _______ to Afriac by our government to help the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent D were sent 10. The sick boy ______ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 11. A number of new houses __________last year. A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings ___ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 13.Waste paper shouldn’t ______ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown 14.I think teenagers ____________ to make their own decisions A. should allow B. should be allowed C. be allowed D be allowing 15.When you ________ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it. A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given 真题感知 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1（2023年北京中考真题单选改编）. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ （plant) every year. 2.（2022年东营动词填空）And guess what? Gina’s mom was right! A new snake show ________ (hold) that day. Jenny knew Gina didn’t like snakes, so she didn’t invite her. 3.（2022年东营动词应用节选）In autumn and winter, many streets ______（cover）in fallen leaves. 4.（2022年青岛中考真题词汇运用改编）The gifts ________ （carry）to the old people’s home on the coming Double Ninth Festival. 5.（2022年威海中考真题动词应用节选） He ________ (stick) inside, unable to escape. 6.Holmes took the book and read, “Mrs Oakshott, 117 Brixton Road. This name _____（write）in red ink 7.（2022年淄博中考语法填空节选）The first Chinese paper lanterns _____ (invent) during the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉). 8.（203年德州中考综合填空改编）Usually the messages _______ （write）on paper, and then the paper is rolled (卷) up and put into a bottle. 9.（2023年泰安中考综合填空改编）That problem could be partly ________ （solve）by robots, because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job. 10.（2023年潍坊中考真题综合知识运用节选） Mario and Pagani ________ (put) into prison soon. 二、（2024年烟台市语法填空改编}用所给的动词的适当形式填空。 Mooncakes are one of the most popular foods during the Mid-Autumn Festival. But let’s be honest: not many of us really like to eat them, mainly because they 1.___________(make) in factories and often several months old by the time they 2._______ (buy). Now here’s the thing: homemade mooncakes. They’re amazing, whether you’re eating them yourself or giving them to your friends as gifts. Yes, they require a lot of effort, but they’re worth it. 3._______ (produce) mooncakes, you’ll need a mold (模具). Molds are available in different sizes and depths. I usually use a traditional large wooden mold. But a plastic mold in a similar size 4.__________(do) just line. Before 5__________(cook) , I prepare several kinds of ingredients (原料) and make them into balls separately. The key to 6._______ (make) proper mooncakes is to gather each ball in layers (层). In my way, the middle ball is made of nut (坚果) pieces. The second layer is made of mashed red bean mixed with sugar, which is lastly 7.___________(cover) with a layer of pastry (油酥面团). It is then pressed into a mold and carefully taken out into the oven. It’s important 8.__________(follow) the cooking instruction carefully. 9.__________(prevent) breaking up, I first cook mooncakes ____39____ a high temperature to set the pattern and shape. Then, I lower the temperature and remove them regularly to brush the surface with egg wash. Just10._________________ (look ) at my mooncakes! Not bad. right? 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题02 动词的语态 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+中考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知，聚焦中考，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 动词语态 ( 考点一 语态的基本概念 ) 1. 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者（发出者）。 例句：We clean the room every day. （主语“we”执行“clean”的动作） 2. 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者（主语是主动语态句子中的宾语）。 例句：The room is cleaned every day. （主语“the room”承受“被清洁”的动作） 1.（2024年济宁综合填空节选）The “No. 6 combo” is made up of a bowl of spicy soup, locally called hulatang, and a baijimo. It ________ (consider) as a secret code (暗号) between the customer and the restaurant. 【答案】is considered 【解析】句意：它被认为是顾客和餐馆之间的暗号。根据“The ‘No. 6 combo’ is made up of a bowl of spicy soup,”可知，本句是一般现在时，且主语“It”和动词“consider”之间是被动关系，需用一般现在时的被动语态(am/is/are)。主语It是单数，be动词用is，consider的过去分词为considered。故填is considered。 2.（2023年青岛词汇运用改编) A set of paper cutting ________ （give）to the foreign teacher as a gift when he left China last week. 【答案】was given 【解析】句意：上周外教离开中国时，一套剪纸被作为礼物送给了他。根据“A set of paper cutting ... to the foreign teacher as a gift”及备选词可推出一套剪纸被作为礼物送给了外教，此处用动词give表示“给”，主语“A set of paper cutting”与give是动宾关系，结合“last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，set是单数，be动词用was，give的过去分词given。故填was given。 ( 考点二 被动语态的构成 ) 被动语态的基本构成形式： 主语+be（助动词）+过去分词 初中阶段重点掌握一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时及含有情态动词的被动语态。被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来体现。这个助动词必须与主语的人称和数相一致。 1.一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are +动词过去分词。 如，The lights are usually turned on at 6:30. 2.一般过去时的被动语态：was/were +动词过去分词。 如，Our school was built in 1998. 3.一般将来时的被动语态：will be +动词过去分词。 如，The sports meeting will be held tomorrow. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词（should/can/may/must/---) be + 动词过去分词 This job must be done as soon as possible. 1.（2024年潍坊中考真题语言知识运用改编） The old banker cried, “Oh, the door can’t ______ (open). And the clock I hadn’t started yet. 【答案】be opened 【解析】句意：老银行家叫道：“噢，门打不开了。我还没开始计时呢。”主语the door与动词open之间存在被动关系，门是被打开，此处是情态动词的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词。故填be opened。 2.（2023年东营中考真题动词填空）The tree ________ (save)! Everyone in the neighborhood, even Mr Morris, came to celebrate. 【答案】was saved 【解析】句意：这棵树被保留下来了！主语“The tree”与动词save之间是被动关系，结合后一句“came”可知，此处用一般过去时被动语态“was/were done”，主语是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was saved。 ( 考点三 被动语态用法 ) 1. 强调动作承受者（而非执行者）： 主动：My mom made this cake. 被动：This cake was made by my mom.（强调蛋糕） 2. 动作执行者未知或不重要： The old bridge was built in 1950.（谁建的？不重要） 3. 避免主观表述（常见于说明文、科学文章）： The results will be announced next week. 【注意】 1.及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词（如 happen, appear, belong to）无被动形式： ❌ The accident was happened last night. ✅ The accident happened last night. 2. 主动表被动的情况（感官动词/系动词）： The flowers smell sweet.（不用被动） The silk dress feels soft. 1.(2024年菏泽中考真题单选） —More and more young people like to wear Hanfu. —Yes. It’s said that most of the Chinese traditional clothes ________ in Heze, Shandong. A. are producing B. will produce C. are produced 【答案】C 【解析】句意：——越来越多的年轻人喜欢穿汉服。——是的。据说大部分中国传统服装都产自山东菏泽。 考查被动语态。主语“most of the Chinese traditional clothes”和动词“produce”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选C。 2.（2024年德州中考选词填空改编）The place he started working 1）___ __ （call） the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use. He has worked there for 20 years up to now. Nowadays, the institute 2）___ ___ （know）as the Sand Control and Usage Research Institute of the Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences. 1）【答案】was called 【解析】句意：他开始工作的地方叫做“省沙地利用研究院”。根据“the Provincial Institute (研究院) of Sandy Land Use”可知，这是他工作单位的名字，应选择动词call“称呼”。主语place和谓语动词call之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。根据“he started working”可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语place是第三人称单数，被动语态的结构应为was+过去分词。故填was called。 2）【答案】is known 【解析】句意：目前，该研究所被称为辽宁省农业科学院治沙与利用研究所。根据备选词汇know“知道”和后面的介词as可知，此处是固定词组be known as“被称为”。由“Nowadays”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，系动词用is。故填is known。 1.Teenagers have to be 18 years old before they to drive a car． A．are allowed B．will be allowed C．allow 【答案】A 【解析】语态的辨析． 句意，青少年在允许开车之前必须满十八岁．表达的是客观事实用一般现在时，主语they是allow的承受者，allow sb to do sth，故用被动语态sb be allowed to do sth，故答案是A． 2.They have collected more than 14,000 books since the library, last month. A. built B. was built C. builds D. is built 【答案】B 【解析】library和build之间是被动关系，且根据“last month”可知是一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语the library是单数，用was built，故选B。 3.As China grows stronger and stronger，Chinese ______ in more and more schools out of our country． A．teaches B．is taught C．has taught D．was taught 【答案】B 【解析】“中文被教”应用被动语态，结构为“be + 过去分词”。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，Chinese 作主语视为单数，be 动词用 is，故选B。 4.I' m sorry I can't finish the task on time because I____ only 10 minutes. A. will give B. was given C. am given D. gave 【答案】B 【解析】解析：“我被给10分钟”，被动语态。任务没完成是因为过去被给的时间少，用一般过去时，I 对应 was，故选B。 5.. The story of Xiaohui is so touching that it will never ________ by us. A. is forgotten B. forget C. be forgotten D. forgot 【答案】C 【解析】“故事被忘记”，被动语态。will 后接动词原形，结构为“be + forgotten”，故选C。 6. ﹣Would you like to go shopping with me after lunch？ ﹣I'd love to， but I____to go out this afternoon．（　　） A．don't allow B．will allow C．won't be allowed D. am not allowed 【答案】C 【解析】“我下午将不被允许出去”，被动语态。根据语境，用一般将来时的否定形式“won't be allowed”，故选C。 7.Every year lots of trees _______ to make our country more beautiful. A．is planted B．was planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【解析】解析：“树被种植”，被动语态。Every year 表一般现在时，lots of trees 是复数，be 动词用 are，故选C。 8. We are glad that a famous writer _______ to our school to give a talk next week. A. invites B. invited C. will be invited D. was invited 【答案】C 【解析】“作家被邀请”，next week 表将来，用一般将来时被动语态“will be invited”，故选C。 9. A large number of engineers _______ to Afriac by our government to help the people there every year. A. have sent B. will send C. are sent D were sent 【答案】C 【解析】“工程师被派遣”，Every year 表一般现在时，a large number of engineers 是复数，be 动词用 are，故选C。 10. The sick boy ______ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 【答案】B 【解析】解析：“男孩被送医院”，yesterday 表过去时，boy 是单数，用 was taken，故选B。 11. A number of new houses __________last year. A. built B. are built C. were built D. will be built 【答案】C 【解析】“房子被建造”，last year 表过去时，a number of houses 是复数，be 动词用 were，故选C。 12. It is reported that more new teaching buildings ___ in our school in the next term. A. will be built B. was built C. has built D. will build 【答案】A 【解析】“教学楼将被建造”，in the next term 表将来，用“will be built”，故选A。 13.Waste paper shouldn’t ______ everywhere. It’s our duty to keep our city clean. A. be thrown B. throw C. is thrown D. are thrown 【答案】A 【解析】“废纸不应被扔”，shouldn’t 后接动词原形，被动结构为“be thrown”，故选A。 14.I think teenagers ____________ to make their own decisions A. should allow B. should be allowed C. be allowed D be allowing 【答案】B 【解析】“青少年应被允许”，用“should be allowed”，故选B。 15.When you ________ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it. A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given 【答案】D 【解析】“你被给予任务”，被动语态。陈述一般情况用一般现在时，you 对应 are given，故选D。 真题感知 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。 1（2023年北京中考真题单选改编）. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers ________ （plant) every year. 【答案】 are planted 【解析】句意：这个公园变得越来越美丽因为每年都有更多种花被种。 考查时态和语态。主语“more kinds of flowers”与动词plant之间是动宾关系，结合“every year”可知用一般现在时的被动语态，其结构为am/is/are done。故填 are planted。 2.（2022年东营动词填空）And guess what? Gina’s mom was right! A new snake show ________ (hold) that day. Jenny knew Gina didn’t like snakes, so she didn’t invite her. 【答案】was held 【解析】根据语境可知，“a new snake show（一场新的蛇展）”是动作的承受者，与“hold（举办）”之间是被动关系，且句中“that day（那天）”表明动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语“a new snake show”是单数，be动词用was，hold的过去分词是held，故填was held。 3.（2022年东营动词应用节选）In autumn and winter, many streets ______（cover）in fallen leaves. 【答案】 are covered 【解析】句意：秋冬时节，许多街道被落叶覆盖。根据“ many street… in fallen leaves”可知，街道被落叶覆盖，两者为被动关系，句子时态为一般现在时，应用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are done”，主语为复数many streets，助动词用are。故填are covered。 4.（2022年青岛中考真题词汇运用改编）The gifts ________ （carry）to the old people’s home on the coming Double Ninth Festival. 【答案】 will be carried 【解析】句意：在即将到来的重阳节，这些礼物将被送到敬老院。根据“The gifts...to the old people’s home”可知，此处是指礼物会被送到敬老院。carry“运送”，动词。主语“The gifts”与动词之间是被动关系；再根据“on the coming Double Ninth Festival.”可知，此处描述的是将来发生的，所以空处需用一般将来时的被动语态(will be done)。故填will be carried。 5.（2022年威海中考真题动词应用节选） He ________ (stick) inside, unable to escape. 【答案】 was stuck 【解析】句意：他被卡住了在里面，无法逃脱。主语He是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，此处用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was stuck。 6.Holmes took the book and read, “Mrs Oakshott, 117 Brixton Road. This name _____（write）in red ink 【答案】 was written 【解析】句意：这个名字是用红墨水写的。主语name与动词write之间是被动关系，且名字被写是发生在过去，故此处用一般过去时被动语态，主语name是单数形式，助动词用was，故填was written。 7.（2022年淄博中考语法填空节选）The first Chinese paper lanterns _____ (invent) during the Eastern Han Dynasty (东汉). 【答案】 were invented 【解析】 句意：中国最早的纸灯笼发明于东汉时期。主语与动词invent之间是被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用were，故填were invented。 8.（203年德州中考综合填空改编）Usually the messages _______ （write）on paper, and then the paper is rolled (卷) up and put into a bottle. 【答案】 are written 【解析】 句意：通常信息都写在纸上，然后把纸卷起来放进瓶子里。根据“on paper”可知是写在纸上，write“写”，和主语之间是被动关系，根据“the paper is rolled...”可知句子用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故填are written。 9.（2023年泰安中考综合填空改编）That problem could be partly ________ （solve）by robots, because they can teach anywhere and won’t get stressed, or tired, or move somewhere for an easier, higher-paid job. 【答案】 solved 【解析】句意：机器人可以在一定程度上解决这个问题，因为它们可以在任何地方教书，不会感到压力或疲劳，也不会为了一份更容易、薪水更高的工作而搬到其他地方。根据“That problem could be partly...by robots,”可知是指解决问题，应用solve表示“解决”，此处是含有情态动词的被动语态，动词用过去分词，故填solved。 10.（2023年潍坊中考真题综合知识运用节选） Mario and Pagani ________ (put) into prison soon. 【答案】 are put 【解析】句意：马里奥和帕加尼很快就被关进了监狱。主语与动词put之间是被动关系，and连接并列主语看作复数形式，描述过去发生的事情，助动词用were，故填were put。 二、（2024年烟台市语法填空改编}用所给的动词的适当形式填空。 Mooncakes are one of the most popular foods during the Mid-Autumn Festival. But let’s be honest: not many of us really like to eat them, mainly because they 1.___________(make) in factories and often several months old by the time they 2._______ (buy). Now here’s the thing: homemade mooncakes. They’re amazing, whether you’re eating them yourself or giving them to your friends as gifts. Yes, they require a lot of effort, but they’re worth it. 3._______ (produce) mooncakes, you’ll need a mold (模具). Molds are available in different sizes and depths. I usually use a traditional large wooden mold. But a plastic mold in a similar size 4.__________(do) just line. Before 5__________(cook) , I prepare several kinds of ingredients (原料) and make them into balls separately. The key to 6._______ (make) proper mooncakes is to gather each ball in layers (层). In my way, the middle ball is made of nut (坚果) pieces. The second layer is made of mashed red bean mixed with sugar, which is lastly 7.___________(cover) with a layer of pastry (油酥面团). It is then pressed into a mold and carefully taken out into the oven. It’s important 8.__________(follow) the cooking instruction carefully. 9.__________(prevent) breaking up, I first cook mooncakes ____39____ a high temperature to set the pattern and shape. Then, I lower the temperature and remove them regularly to brush the surface with egg wash. Just10._________________ (look ) at my mooncakes! Not bad. right? 【答案】1. are made 2. are bought 3. To produce 4.will do 5..cooking 6. making 7. covered 8.to follow 9. To prevent 10.look 【解析】【导语】说明文,介绍自制月饼的原因（工厂月饼口感差）、所需工具（模具）、步骤（备料、分层、烤制）及注意事项，成品还不错。 1. are made：月饼是“被制作”，用一般现在时被动语态。 2. are bought：月饼“被购买”，一般现在时被动，与前句时态一致。 3. To produce：不定式表目的，“为了制作月饼”。 4. will do：“将会有用”，用一般将来时表功能。 5. cooking：before为介词，后接动名词。 6. making：the key to中to为介词，后接动名词。 7. covered：被动语态，“被覆盖”，与is构成一般现在时被动。 8. to follow：it作形式主语，真正主语用不定式。 9. To prevent：不定式表目的，“为了防止破裂”。 10. look：祈使句用动词原形，“看看我的月饼”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$