精品解析：2025届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题

2025届上海市建平中学高三三模英语试卷 考试时间105分钟 试卷满分115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Silent Crisis of E-Waste Recycling In the narrow streets of the Indian city Mumbai’s Dharavi neighborhood, 34-year-old Rajesh spends his days taking apart old electronics — computers, phones, and televisions — that wealthier citizens throw away. The workshop where he works ____1____ (lack) proper airflow and is filled with circuit boards that contain harmful metals like lead and mercury. For over a decade, Rajesh ____2____ (breathe) in smoke from melted plastics and acids used to extract valuable metals. He is unaware of ____3____ harm these substances could do to his body. Studies show that e-waste, which accounts for 5% of global solid waste, is rarely recycled safely in developing countries. Although governments have introduced regulations, nearly 80% of thrown-away electronics end up in informal workshops like Rajesh’s. Experts warn that workers not provided protection ____4____ the metals face serious health problems. “The harmful substances they’re exposed to daily can damage kidneys, nervous systems, and in ____5____ (bad) cases, even cause cancer,” says Dr. Anika Patel, an environmental health researcher. Rajesh’s situation reflects a global imbalance. Wealthy nations, with consumer behavior ____6____ (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices, produce massive e-waste. In contrast, the burden (负担) of processing e-waste falls unfairly on communities lacking the resources to protect themselves. Many workers, whose families depend on this dangerous job, ____7____ (not) afford to quit. Efforts to address the crisis are slowly emerging. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have begun training workers like Rajesh on safer techniques and advised ____8____ (wear) gloves and masks, which they have distributed. However, progress is slowed by economic realities. “Recycling devices properly requires expensive machines,” Rajesh explains, “but no one wants to pay extra for ____9____.” The issue extends beyond health. Soil and water near e-waste sites have been polluted, affecting millions who rely on these resources. ____10____ safer systems are valued above anything else, the cycle of harm — driven by inequality — will continue. 【答案】1. lacks 2. has breathed##has been breathing 3. what 4. against##from 5. the worst 6. driven 7. cannot 8. wearing 9. it 10. Until##Before##Unless 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了电子垃圾回收过程中存在的无声危机及其对工人健康和环境的影响。 【1题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他工作的车间通风不畅，里面堆满了含有铅和汞等有害金属的电路板。本空为主句谓语，根据works可知，句子描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语The workshop是第三人称单数，谓语动词用lack“缺少”的第三人称单数形式。故填lacks。 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：十多年来，拉杰什一直在吸入用于提取贵金属的熔化塑料和酸产生的烟雾。根据For over a decade可知，breathe“呼吸”这一动作从过去持续到现在，可能仍在进行，用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为Rajesh，谓语动词用单数，故填has breathed/has been breathing。 【3题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：他不知道这些物质会对他的身体造成什么伤害。空处引导宾语从句，从句中“________ harm”作could do的宾语，表示“什么样的伤害”，用连接代词what作定语。故填what。 【4题详解】 考查介词。句意：专家警告说，没有得到金属防护的工人面临严重的健康问题。protection against/from sth.为固定搭配，表示“针对某物的防护”，故填against/from。 【5题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：环境健康研究员Anika Patel博士表示：“他们每天接触的有害物质会损害肾脏和神经系统，在最严重的情况下甚至可能致癌。”根据此处表示 “在最糟糕的”情况下，用形容词最高级the worst最定语，修饰cases。故填the worst。 【6题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：富裕国家的消费者行为受不断升级设备的欲望驱动，产生了大量电子垃圾。句中已有谓语动词produce，空处作非谓语动词，“with consumer behavior ____ (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices”是with复合结构，consumer behavior和drive“驱动”之间是逻辑动宾关系，用过去分词作宾语补足语，表被动。故填driven。 【7题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：许多工人的家庭依赖这份危险的工作，他们无法承担辞职的后果。根据afford to quit可知，此处表示“无法，不能”，用情态动词cannot。故填cannot。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：非政府组织已经开始培训像Rajesh这样的工人使用更安全的技术，并建议他们戴上手套和口罩，他们已经分发了这些手套和口罩。advise doing sth.是固定短语，意为“建议做某事”，本空用动词wear“戴着”的动名词，作宾语。故填wearing。 【9题详解】 考查代词。句意：Rajesh解释说：“正确回收设备需要昂贵的机器，但没有人愿意为它支付额外费用。” 指代前文proper recycling这一行为，用it。故填it。 【10题详解】 考查条件状语从句或时间状语从句。句意：除非更安全的系统被视为高于一切，否则由不平等驱动的伤害循环将继续。/在更安全的体系被置于首要地位之前，由不平等驱动的危害循环将持续下去。/直到更安全的体系被视为高于一切，否则由不平等驱动的危害循环将持续下去。置于句首，首字母大写；本空表示“除非”，引导条件状语从句，用Unless。或者表示“在……以前”用before，引导时间状语从句。或者表示“直到”用until，引导时间状语从句。故填Until/Before/Unless。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dismissed B. frontier C. guarantee D. leap E. lock F. narrowed G. predetermined H. rigid I. routine J. sheltered K. still Facing Uncertainty in the Future The future is an unknown that many of us fear. Throughout childhood, many of us are innocent, ____11____ by the safety of home. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults who shape our early beliefs. Time passes until, without warning, we’re eighteen and pushed into adulthood, expected to find our way in a world we don’t yet understand. Higher education often feels like the final ____12____ before full adulthood — a stormy space of doubt. Questions arise: What path should I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily, leaving one mentally exhausted and weakening confidence as the “real world” approaches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realization that life isn’t as ____13____ as we’re taught. We assume that our early choices ____14____ us in, and that taking a different route only results in failure. But the truth is, we hold more power over our lives than we think. Still, many give up that power, softening their ambitions to fit expectations. There’s much to say for consistency, but standing ____15____ limits potential for growth. Holding tightly to a ____16____ route risks wasting not just days, but an entire lifetime that could have been extraordinary. I know this fear well. Raised to believe success meant perfect grades, a degree from a top university, and a high-paying job, I never questioned the path — until high school, when doubts slowly entered my mind. What if I wanted something else? The pressure ____17____ my world into a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had no choice but to follow. But security doesn’t ____18____ happiness. By university, I felt trapped, convinced I’d failed for not meeting expectations. Then, I took a ____19____: I switched my major to East Asian Studies, a field ____20____ as impractical. Initially, the decision seemed illogical, contrary to everything I was taught to believe in. Yet, instead of regret, I found relief. For the first time, I loved learning, freed from pressures I put on myself. The “right” path isn’t the same for everyone — it’s the one that awakens passion, not fear. 【答案】11. J 12. B 13. H 14. E 15. K 16. G 17. F 18. C 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人们对未来不确定性的恐惧，指出人生道路并非一成不变，应勇于突破常规，选择能唤醒热情的道路。 【11题详解】 考查动词。句意：在整个童年时期，我们许多人都很天真，被家的安全所庇护。空格处需填入非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示“庇护”为shelter，与逻辑主语是we构成被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式sheltered，符合语境，体现童年时期在家的保护下的状态。故选J项。 【12题详解】 考查名词。句意：高等教育通常感觉像是完全成年前的最后一道前沿——一个充满怀疑的动荡阶段。空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合句意，此处表示“前沿；边界”为名词frontier。故选B项。 【13题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，在这种恐惧中隐藏着一种美：意识到生活并不像我们被教导的那样刻板。空格处需填入形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示“刻板的；僵化的”为形容词rigid。故选H项。 【14题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们以为早期的选择会把我们锁定其中，而走不同的路只会导致失败。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处意为“锁定”为动词lock，结合主句的谓语动词assume以及下文的谓语动词results可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为动词原形。故选E项。 【15题详解】 考查副词。句意：坚持一致性固然有其道理，但一味停滞会限制成长的潜力。空格处需填入副词作状语修饰动词standing，结合句意可知，此处表示“静止地；停滞地”为副词still。故选K项。 【16题详解】 考查形容词。句意：紧紧抓住一条预先确定的道路，不仅会浪费日子，还可能浪费本可以非凡的一生。空格处需填入形容词作定语修饰route，结合句意，此处表示“预先确定的”应为形容词predetermined。故选G项。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：压力把我的世界缩小成一个又小又暗的隧道，我觉得除了跟随别无选择。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处表示“把……缩小成……”为narrow...into...，结合下文的谓语动词felt可知，此处为一般过去时，所以此处使用narrow的过去式形式narrowed。故选F项。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：但安全并不能保证幸福。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处表示“保证”为动词guarantee，空前有助动词doesn’t，所以使用动词原形。故选C项。 【19题详解】 考查名词。句意：然后，我做了一个大胆的举动：我把专业换成了东亚研究，一个被不屑一提的领域。此处为名词作宾语，结合句意，此处表示“做出大胆举动”为固定短语take a leap。故选D项。 20题详解】 考查动词。句意：然后，我做了一个大胆的举动：我把专业换成了东亚研究，一个被不屑一提的领域。空格处需填入非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰field，结合句意，此处表示“对……不屑一提”应为动词dismiss，与逻辑主语field之间构成被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选A项。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings, you’re increasingly likely to have to ____21____ with one and rediscover just how annoying they are. We’re talking about the ‘know-it-all’. Individuals who will enthusiastically ____22____ you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about. And often, even though ____23____ do. Why would anyone assume____24____ knowledge to everyone else, about every possible subject matter? One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their ____25____ of the world reflects objective reality. In reality, everything we see and ‘know’ about the world passes through our brain’s shortcuts, biases, emotional memories, and other mental processes. What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. ____26____, we regularly encounter people who see the world from another perspective. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are ____27____. For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others. It may be 100 per cent well intended, but that doesn’t make it any less ____28____. However, this can’t be the ____29____ story. Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it. True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake before ____30____ to you. This suggests something beyond naive realism that drives know-it-all behavior. Another cognitive bias (认知偏差) at work, proposed in a recent study by Gehlbach, Robinson, and Fletcher, is ‘the illusion of information adequacy’. Put simply, this describes how though many people ____31____ sufficient information to make accurate judgments about something, they’ll assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to ____32____ what we don’t know. Then there’s the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to ____33____ their abilities. Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to ____34____ than accuracy, they often get away with it. If this happens often enough, across enough subjects, they could convince themselves that they’re ____35____ on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true. 21. A. cooperate B. interact C. compete D. identify 22. A. mislead B. question C. encourage D. lecture 23. A. you B. some C. many D. they 24. A. realistic B. practical C. superior D. objective 25. A. domination B. perception C. assessment D. exploitation 26. A. On the contrary B. In other words C. By the way D. As a result 27. A. wrong B. normal C. imaginative D. unprofessional 28. A. controversial B. bothersome C. manageable D. puzzling 29. A. real B. personal C. full D. same 30. A. talking down B. reaching out C. turning around D. holding on 31. A. gain B. require C. lack D. display 32. A. understand B. apply C. explain D. recognize 33. A. distrust B. overestimate C. redefine D. misuse 34. A. confidence B. status C. fluency D. quantity 35. A. advocates B. innovators C. experts D. optimists 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了生活中那些“无所不知”的人，分析了他们这种行为背后的心理原因，包括“天真现实主义”、“信息充足错觉”和“邓宁-克鲁格效应”等认知偏差。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着圣诞节的临近，办公室聚会和家庭聚会的季节也随之而来，你越来越有可能不得不与他们互动，并重新发现他们有多讨厌。A. cooperate合作；B. interact互动；C. compete竞争；D. identify识别。根据上文“We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one.”可知，这里指生活中会遇到“无所不知”的人，你会与他们互动。故选B。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人会热情地就任何话题或领域向你发表长篇大论，尽管他们显然对自己谈论的话题几乎没有任何专业知识。A. mislead误导；B. question质疑；C. encourage鼓励；D. lecture说教，发表长篇大论。根据下文“about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about”可知，那些“无所不知”的人尽管对自己谈论的话题几乎没有任何专业知识，却喜欢发表长篇大论。故选D。 【23题详解】 考查代词词义辨析。句意：而且通常，即使你知道。A. you你；B. some一些；C. many许多；D. they他们。根据上文“Individuals who will enthusiastically 2 you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about.”可知，即使你知道相关话题或领域，“无所不知”的人也会长篇大论。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为什么有人会认为自己比其他人都了解所有可能的主题呢？A. realistic现实的；B. practical实际的；C. superior优越的；D. objective客观的。根据下文“One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their 5 of the world reflects objective reality.”可知，那些“无所不知”的人认为自己比其他人都了解所有可能的主题，有优越感。故选C。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中之一是“天真现实主义”现象，它描述了人们如何本能地认为自己对世界的看法反映了客观现实。A. domination统治；B. perception看法，理解；C. assessment评估；D. exploitation开发，利用。根据下文“of the world reflects objective reality”可知，这里指人们对世界的看法。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：因此，我们经常会遇到从另一个角度看世界的人。A. On the contrary相反；B. In other words换句话说；C. By the way顺便说一下；D. As a result因此。根据上文“What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening.”可知，我们认为的现实与实际现实往往大不相同，但我们并没有意识到这一点，因此，我们经常会遇到从另一个角度看世界的人。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但天真现实主义意味着我们认为那些对世界理解不同的人是错误的。A. wrong错误的；B. normal正常的；C. imaginative富有想象力的；D. unprofessional不专业的。根据上文“But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently”以及常识可知，那些对世界理解不同的人与我们的看法不同，我们认为他们是错误的。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可能是出于好意，但这并没有让它变得不那么烦人。A. controversial有争议的；B. bothersome烦人的；C. manageable可管理的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据上文“for a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others.”可知，那些“无所不知”的人总是忍不住去“纠正”别人，这很烦人。故选B。 【29题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这不能是完整的故事。A. real真实的；B. personal个人的；C. full满的；D. same相同的。根据下文“Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it.”可知，很多人都有天真现实主义，但从未对此做过任何事或说过任何话，所以这不可能是完整的故事。故选C。 【30题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：真正的“无所不知”的人实际上不会等你犯错后再向你发表长篇大论。A. talking down居高临下地说话；B. reaching out伸手；C. turning around转身；D. holding on坚持。根据上文“True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake”可知，真正的“无所不知”的人实际上不会等你犯错后再向你发表长篇大论，talk down to sb. 表示“对某人居高临下地说话”，符合语境。故选A。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：简而言之，这描述了尽管许多人缺乏足够的信息来对某事做出准确的判断，但他们却会假设相反的情况。A. gain获得；B. require需要；C. lack缺乏；D. display展示。根据下文“they’ll assume the opposite”可知，这里指许多人缺乏足够的信息，却假设相反的情况。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从逻辑上讲，我们很难识别我们不知道的东西。A. understand理解；B. apply应用；C. explain解释；D. recognize识别。根据上文“It’s logically very hard to”以及常识可知，人们因认知局限难以“识别”自身无知，这解释了为何会高估自己。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后是邓宁-克鲁格效应：一种认知偏差，即人们在某一领域能力有限时，往往会高估自己的能力。A. distrust不信任；B. overestimate高估；C. redefine重新定义；D. misuse滥用。根据下文“Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed.”可知，邓宁-克鲁格效应指的是人们在某一领域能力有限时，往往会高估自己的能力。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：而且因为人们通常更看重信心而不是准确性，所以他们经常能侥幸逃脱。A. confidence信心；B. status地位；C. fluency流利；D. quantity数量。根据上文“they dare to argue with those who are better informed.”以及下文“they often get away with it”可知，他们经常能侥幸逃脱，是因为人们通常更看重信心而不是准确性。故选A。 35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果这种情况经常发生，涉及足够多的主题，他们可能会说服自己，他们几乎在所有事情上都是专家，尽管事实并非如此。A. advocates倡导者；B. innovators创新者；C. experts专家；D. optimists乐观主义者。根据上文“If this happens often enough, across enough subjects”以及常识可知，如果这种情况经常发生，涉及足够多的主题，那些“无所不知”的人可能会说服自己，他们几乎在所有事情上都是专家。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Scientists have created a full map of an adult brain for the first time. The 3D model of all of the neurons (神经元) of a fruit fly, and the 50 million connections between them, is the first time that scientists have been able to see the full brain of an adult that can walk and fly. It represents a major breakthrough compared to previous efforts, which for instance recorded the early growth stage of a fruit fly and its much smaller 3,016 neurons. Researchers hope that the work can be a step towards producing similar studies of larger brains — including, eventually, those of humans. It might also help us gain a better understanding of how brains actually function. Already, it suggests that brains might be more similar than we might think. By comparing the newly mapped brain to previous, smaller studies, researchers saw that the pictures had significant similarities — and that brains themselves are not necessarily a unique structure. “If we want to understand how the brain works, we need a systematic understanding of how all the neurons fit together and let you think. For most brains we have no idea how these networks function,” said Gregory Jefferis, from the University of Cambridge. “Flies can do all kinds of complicated things like walk and fly, and the males sing to the females. Brain wiring diagrams are a first step towards understanding everything we’re interested in — how we control our movement, answer the telephone, or recognize a friend.” The map was produced by taking the brain of a fly, itself less than 1 millimeter (微米) wide, and cutting it into 7,000 thin sections and then scanning them. Researchers used AI to scan those images to build up a map of the 140,000 neurons and 50 million connections. Researchers have made the full database open and free to all researchers, in the hope of better understanding all brains. By understanding how a healthy brain works, we might be better able to see what happens when brains function differently, as in the case of mental health conditions. 36. What have researchers found by comparing studies of fruit fly brains? A. Brains are unique and complex. B. Brains may be structurally similar. C. Brains need to function through neurons. D. Brains have different stages of development. 37. According to Gregory Jefferis, why have researchers chosen to study fruit flies? A. Their ability to perform complex tasks. B. Their excellent communication skills. C. Their ability to control their movement. D. Their complicated problem-solving skills. 38. The 3D model of the fruit fly brain was created by ________. A. scanning the brain as a whole B. drawing pictures of the neurons C. taking images of thinly cut pieces D. recording the brain activity over time 39. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. researchers need to study more kinds of animals B. a comprehensive database is needed for research C. medical treatment will need better technologies D. more studies are needed to understand the brain 【答案】36. B 37. A 38. C 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了科学家首次绘制出成年果蝇全脑图谱，含14万神经元和5000万连接，该成果或助理解大脑功能及人类大脑。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Already, it suggests that brains might be more similar than we might think.(目前，它表明大脑可能比我们想象的要更相似)”可知，研究人员通过比较果蝇大脑的研究结果发现大脑的结构可能相似。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Flies can do all kinds of complicated things like walk and fly, and the males sing to the females.(苍蝇能够完成各种复杂的行为，比如行走和飞行，而且雄蝇还会向雌蝇发出求爱的叫声)”可知，研究人员会选择研究果蝇是因为它们具备执行复杂任务的能力。故选A。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The map was produced by taking the brain of a fly, itself less than 1 millimeter (微米) wide, and cutting it into 7,000 thin sections and then scanning them. Researchers used AI to scan those images to build up a map of the 140,000 neurons and 50 million connections.(这张地图是通过以下方式绘制而成的：先取下一只苍蝇的脑部（其直径不足 1 微米），然后将其切成7000个薄片，再进行扫描。研究人员利用人工智能对这些图像进行扫描，从而构建出包含14万个神经元和5000万连接的苍蝇大脑图谱)”可知，通过拍摄薄切片的图像，构建出了果蝇大脑的三维模型。故选C。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Researchers have made the full database open and free to all researchers, in the hope of better understanding all brains. By understanding how a healthy brain works, we might be better able to see what happens when brains function differently, as in the case of mental health conditions.(研究人员已将完整的数据库向所有研究人员开放并免费提供，旨在更好地了解所有大脑。通过了解健康大脑的运作方式，我们或许能够更好地理解大脑在功能异常时（例如在精神健康状况方面）会发生什么情况)”可知，还需要进行更多的研究来了解大脑。故选D。 (B) A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 40. The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A. he is a trainer for a major company B. it is a tool well supported by theory C. the readers need it for their future life D. teens are big dreamers but not doers 41. Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A. Relevant, Measurable. B. Specific, Attainable. C. Measurable, Attainable. D. Relevance, Timely. 42. According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A. The sense of responsibility. B. The measurement of success. C. A good knowledge of tasks. D. The right level of goals. 【答案】40. B 41. D 42. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要为青少年如何设定目标提供了说明和指导。 【40题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there.(这个完善的目标设定工具深受洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论的影响，几乎被所有大公司所使用。)”可知，作者推荐SMART最可能的原因是这是一个受到洛克和莱瑟姆的目标设定理论支持的工具。故选B。 【41题详解】 推理判断题。小明的目标是“My goal is to raise my scores above 90 (out of 100) in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college.(我的目标是本学期所有课程的成绩都要提高到90分以上（满分100分），因为取得好成绩可以帮助我进入一所好大学)”，根据表格中的“Relevant→It is consistent with your values, interests and other goals(相关→它与您的价值观，兴趣和其他目标一致)”和“Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines(适时→包括公平但严格的截止日期)”可知，小明的目标中缺乏与他的价值观、兴趣和其他目标一致的相关内容，并且没有目标达成的截止日期。故选D。 42题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Where to start”部分中的“2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks.(2. 为每个目标制定一个目标声明。要获得正确的比例，记住关注最终结果，而不是任务。)”、“3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success.(3. 目标应该足够高，包括你负责的核心结果，但也要足够具体和清晰，这样你才能衡量成功。)”、“4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle.(4. 目标应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务。)”、“5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results.(5. 目标太多可能表明你的目标定义得太详细，更关注任务而不是最终结果。)”和“6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area.(6. 如果你的目标似乎变得太多，并且集中在单个任务上，那么考虑将几个目标声明合并到一个更广泛的结果领域可能会有所帮助。)”可知，这几条内容说明了制定目标要注意平衡，目标既要足够高，又要明确和清晰；应该是正在进行的工作职责以及特定于此绩效周期的任何新项目和任务；既不能将目标定得过于繁琐、注重具体任务，也不能过于宽泛，核心在于把握目标的“层次”或“范围”是否合适。故选D。 (C) In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses, and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 43. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A. More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B. Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C. Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D. Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 44. What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A. It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B. It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C. It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D. It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 45. What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A. Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B. Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C. Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D. Redistributing work duties among employees. 46. What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A New software can help to hire workers from outside. B. Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C. Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D. Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨现代职场中琐碎任务导致的工作低效问题，并提出借助技术优化工作流程的设想。 【43题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. (他担任类似职位已有多年，因此对这份工作的细节了如指掌；然而令他惊讶的是，自己简直被压得喘不过气来——并非被工作中需要耗费脑力的部分所累，而是被大量琐碎的行政任务所淹没，比如安排电话会议，这些任务都源自杂乱无章的电子邮件信息流。)”可知，作者通过Merlin Mann的例子说明，随机涌现的小任务会让人在工作中变得杂乱无章。故选D项。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中的““E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. (曼在回顾这段时期时说：“电子邮件是一团代表着焦虑的不确定性之球。”)”及第五段中的“Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. (由于我们如今在办公室的大量工作都以数字信息的快速交换形式展开，我们很容易想当然地将收件箱当作存放所有待办事项的非正式存储库。然而，这种策略掩盖了过载文化中许多最糟糕的方面。)”可知，作者认为职场中使用电子邮件加剧了任务管理的困难和低效。故选B项。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. (不妨考虑一种将工作外化的系统。我们可以效仿软件开发人员的做法，使用虚拟任务板：每个任务都用一张卡片来表示，卡片上标明负责该任务的人员，并且这些卡片会被固定在相应的列下，这些列标明了任务的状态。)”可知，作者主张借助技术（如虚拟任务板）优化工作流程。故选A项。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible.(快速浏览一下，你就能了解团队内正在进行的所有事情，并就每个人一次应该处理多少工作提出有意义的问题。有了这个设置，改进就成为可能。)”可知，作者建议的系统通过可视化任务板让团队成员对工作全局一目了然，从而使团队协作更轻松。故选B项。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. ____47____ Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. ____48____ As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. ____49____ Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. ____50____ For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A. However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B. Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C. Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D. Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E. Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F. NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. 【答案】47. E 48. A 49. D 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着太空旅行机会增多，太空辐射对人体有健康风险，还提及应对措施及太空辐射研究对地球的益处。 【47题详解】 上文“With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding.(随着更多国家计划开展太空任务，商业公司也将人们送往太空，人类太空旅行的机会正在迅速增加)”指出太空旅行机会增多这一进展，E选项“Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body.(尽管有这些进展，但太空旅行对人体仍有风险)”与上文构成转折关系，引出下文要讨论的太空旅行对人体的风险，句中“the progress”照应上文太空旅行机会增多这一进展，上下文语意衔接自然。故选E项。 【48题详解】 上文“The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation.(地球有一个保护屏障，即行星周围受其磁场控制并阻挡辐射的空间区域)”提到地球有阻挡辐射的保护屏障，A选项“However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation.(然而，前往空间站以外更远处的宇航员将持续暴露在这种辐射中)”与上文构成转折关系，说明超出空间站范围的宇航员会面临辐射问题，同时下文“As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease.(相当于150到6000次胸部X光，这种水平的辐射会对人体造成伤害，导致心脏病)”对这种辐射伤害进行了具体说明，上下文逻辑连贯。故选A项。 【49题详解】 上文“NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits.(美国国家航空航天局正在开发一种技术，通过在航天器和宇航服中使用抗辐射材料，来保护执行火星任务的旅行者免受辐射)”提到了通过技术手段来防护辐射，D选项“Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum.(某些饮食也能将辐射的影响降到最低)”指出除了技术手段外，饮食也能起到降低辐射影响的作用，与上文的防护手段并列。故选D项。 【50题详解】 上文“Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space.(开发减少太空辐射影响的方法将使除太空旅行之外的任务成为可能)”提到减少太空辐射影响的方法有其他作用，B选项“Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth.(该领域的医学和技术进步将给地球带来好处)”承接上文，说明太空辐射研究在地球上也能带来益处，后文“For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments.(例如，保护宇航员免受太空辐射并减少其对人体有害影响的产品也可以治疗接受放射治疗的癌症患者)”通过举例进一步说明，上下文逻辑连贯。故选B项。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Educational Inquiry: From Childhood to the TikTok Math Debate Children are naturally curious. Many constantly ask questions. At some point, most of them just stop. Why does this happen? It’s not as if the world starts to make perfect sense after several years of living. To succeed, to be recognized as smart, children typically feel social pressure to stop asking questions and start providing answers. This pressure persists into adulthood, as an online incident illustrates. During the summer of 2020, on TikTok, a woman named Gracie wondered about the origins of algebra (代数) and about whether math is “real”. The video spread widely when it was shared with the comment “stupidest video I’ve ever seen.” After being laughed at by many, others came to Gracie’s defense, including mathematicians, scientists and philosophers. For not even they knew the answers to her questions. I think this incident is worth examining for what it indicates about questions. Given the comments received, Gracie’s questions initially appeared silly to many. Such a reaction — even the mere threat of being laughed at — is a significant obstacle to asking questions. In response to her critics, Gracie admirably made another attempt to question math. She seemed like an easy target. Her questions were directed at something that is widely supposed to be unquestionable: basic mathematics. Few defenders did so on the basis that her questions were sincere or revealed genuine curiosity. It seems the primary reason the questions came to be considered good is just that they did not have easy answers, as if the difficulty of questions were equivalent to value. Lots of very good questions have easy answers if you ask the right person. Often, a good question is just motivated by curiosity, asked in order to understand better something in the world. By this measure, Gracie’s questions were good from the very start. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Social pressure discourages children from raising questions. This continues as they become adults. For example, a woman received negative comments online for questioning basic math. While experts supported her, they valued the difficulty of her questions over her curiosity. This highlights the obstacles to asking questions. Truly good questions are driven by genuine, curiosity (54 words) 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了从儿童时期到TikTok数学辩论中的教育探究现象，指出社会压力如何阻碍人们提出问题，并强调了真正好的问题应源于真诚的好奇心。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Children typically feel social pressure to stop asking questions and start providing answers. ②This pressure persists into adulthood, as an online incident illustrates. ③Such a reaction — even the mere threat of being laughed at — is a significant obstacle to asking questions. ④Few defenders did so on the basis that her questions were sincere or revealed genuine curiosity. ⑤Often, a good question is just motivated by curiosity, asked in order to understand better something in the world. 2.缜密构思 将要点①②合并，概括出社会压力对儿童和成年人提问的阻碍作用；将要点③④合并，强调这种压力在TikTok数学辩论事件中的体现；最后要点⑤单独成段，指出真正好的问题应源于好奇心。 3.遣词造句 Social pressure discourages children from raising questions. This continues as they become adults. For example, a woman received negative comments online for questioning basic math. While experts supported her, they valued the difficulty of her questions over her curiosity. This highlights the obstacles to asking questions. Truly good questions are driven by genuine curiosity. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Social pressure discourages children from raising questions. This continues as they become adults.（使用了简单句和并列句，对第一段和第二段进行概括，简洁明了地表达了社会压力对儿童提问的阻碍作用，并指出这种压力在成年后依然存在。） [高分句型2] While experts supported her, they valued the difficulty of her questions over her curiosity.（使用了while引导的让步状语从句，对第三段进行概括，对比了专家们对问题难度和好奇心的不同重视程度，突出了社会压力对提问的负面影响。） [高分句型3] Truly good questions are driven by genuine curiosity.（使用了被动语态，对第四段进行概括，强调了真正好的问题是由好奇心驱动的，突出了好奇心在提问中的重要性。） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 一想到这些年来我在学业上取得的进步，我对父母的一贯支持心存感激。(moment) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】The moment I think of the progress I have made in my studies these years, I am always thankful to my parents for their consistent support. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句、时态和固定短语。“一想到这些年来我在学业上取得的进步”是时间状语从句，可用名词短语the moment引导，意为“一……就……”，从句主语“我”用人称代词I，谓语“想到”用动词短语think of，描述习惯性行为，用一般现在时态，宾语“进步”用名词the progress，“在学业上取得的”处理为限制性定语从句I have made in my studies，修饰先行词the progress，时间状语“这些年来”用these years；“我对父母的一贯支持心存感激”是主句，“对……心存感激”用固定短语be thankful to...for...，描述现在状态，用一般现在时态，“父母”和“一贯支持”作介词宾语，分别用my studies和consistent support。综上，全句译为：The moment I think of the progress I have made in my studies these years, I am always thankful to my parents for their consistent support. 53. 语言学习者应该与人交际、深度理解文本，优先考虑意义协商这一动态过程。(priority) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Language learners should communicate with people and deeply understand the texts, giving priority to the dynamic process of meaning negotiation. 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词、固定短语。表示“语言学习者”用language learners，作主语，句首单词，首字母大写；表示“应该”用should，后接动词原形；表示“与人交际”用communicate with people；表示“深度理解文本”用deeply understand the texts；表示“优先考虑”用give priority to，与主语Language learners为主动关系，此处用现在分词，作伴随状语；表示“意义协商这一动态过程”用the dynamic process of meaning negotiation。故翻译为Language learners should communicate with people and deeply understand the texts, giving priority to the dynamic process of meaning negotiation. 54. 外国游客被中国传统文化深深吸引，高效的高铁、方便的移动支付、智能机器人也让他们大开眼界、叹为观止。(appeal) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】Foreign tourists are deeply attracted by traditional Chinese culture, and the high-efficient high-speed railway, convenient mobile payment and intelligent robots also appeal to them greatly. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词短语、形容词和副词。句子应该是描述当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为两个简单句，简单句之间用并列连词and连接；第一个简单句中，主语“外国游客”可用名词短语foreign tourists，“被……吸引”可用动词短语are attracted by，“深深（地）”可用副词deeply，“中国传统文化”可用名词短语traditional Chinese culture；第二个简单句中，主语中的“高效的高铁”可用名词短语the high-efficient high-speed railway，“方便的移动支付”可用名词短语convenient mobile payment，“智能机器人”可用名词短语intelligent robots，“也”可用副词also，“让他们大开眼界、叹为观止”可理解为“极大地迷住了他们”，可用动词短语appeal to them greatly表示。故可译为：Foreign tourists are deeply attracted by traditional Chinese culture, and the high-efficient high-speed railway, convenient mobile payment and intelligent robots also appeal to them greatly. 55. 与会人员一致认为，面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量。(invest) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the meeting, all attendees agreed that in face of the challenges of the global climate change and energy crisis, with the constant development of technology and the constant expansion of the market, the potential of investing in new energy vehicles is incalculable. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词短语、固定搭配、介词短语和时态。“与会人员”可拆分 为“在会议上，全体员工……”，地点状语“在会议上”用介词短语in the meeting表示，“全体员工”作主语，用all attendees；谓语“一致认为”用动词agree，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态agreed；“面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量”作宾语从句，用连词that引导，从句中“面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战” 作状语，用介词短语in face of the challenges of the global climate change and energy crisis表示，“随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大”作伴随状语，用介词短语with the constant development of technology and the constant expansion of the market表示；从句主语“在新能源车方面投资的潜力”可译为the potential of investing in new energy vehicles，“不可限量”处理为系表结构be incalculable，描述客观事实用一般现在时态is incalculable。综上，全句译为：In the meeting, all attendees agreed that in face of the challenges of the global climate change and energy crisis, with the constant development of technology and the constant expansion of the market, the potential of investing in new energy vehicles. V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。学校校报刊登文章，介绍学生们在学习和生活中使用人工智能的经验。你也投稿参与，分享自己的体会。你的稿件内容须包括： 1. 你使用人工智能的情况。 2. 你在使用中遇到的挑战。 3. 给其他同学的忠告。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a senior student at Mingqi High School, I’d like to share my experience with Artificial Intelligence (AI). I mainly use AI tools to assist my English learning. For example, I sometimes use them to check grammar mistakes in my writing or to get explanations for difficult questions in practice exercises. This has saved me a lot of time and helped me learn more efficiently. However, I also faced challenges. The biggest one is developing a dependency. Once, I relied too heavily on AI for homework, which made me feel less confident in my own thinking and problem-solving abilities. I realized I wasn’t learning as deeply as I should. Therefore, my advice to fellow students is: Use AI as a helpful tool, not a replacement for your own effort. Always think critically about the answers it provides and try to understand the reasoning behind them. Remember, it’s your brain that needs training for the future. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。学校校报刊登文章，介绍学生们在学习和生活中使用人工智能的经验。考生也投稿参与，分享自己的体会。 【详解】1. 词汇积累： 帮助：assist→help 意识到：realise→be aware of 依赖：rely on→depend on 替代品：replacement→substitute 2.句式拓展： 原句：I realized I wasn’t learning as deeply as I should. 拓展句：I came to realize that I wasn't learning as deeply as I was supposed to. 【点睛】【高分句型 1】Once, I relied too heavily on AI for homework, which made me feel less confident in my own thinking and problem - solving abilities.（运用了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型 2】Remember, it’s your brain that needs training for the future.（运用了 it is... that... 的强调句型） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025届上海市建平中学高三三模英语试卷 考试时间105分钟 试卷满分115分 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Silent Crisis of E-Waste Recycling In the narrow streets of the Indian city Mumbai’s Dharavi neighborhood, 34-year-old Rajesh spends his days taking apart old electronics — computers, phones, and televisions — that wealthier citizens throw away. The workshop where he works ____1____ (lack) proper airflow and is filled with circuit boards that contain harmful metals like lead and mercury. For over a decade, Rajesh ____2____ (breathe) in smoke from melted plastics and acids used to extract valuable metals. He is unaware of ____3____ harm these substances could do to his body. Studies show that e-waste, which accounts for 5% of global solid waste, is rarely recycled safely in developing countries. Although governments have introduced regulations, nearly 80% of thrown-away electronics end up in informal workshops like Rajesh’s. Experts warn that workers not provided protection ____4____ the metals face serious health problems. “The harmful substances they’re exposed to daily can damage kidneys, nervous systems, and in ____5____ (bad) cases, even cause cancer,” says Dr. Anika Patel, an environmental health researcher. Rajesh’s situation reflects a global imbalance. Wealthy nations, with consumer behavior ____6____ (drive) by a constant desire to upgrade devices, produce massive e-waste. In contrast, the burden (负担) of processing e-waste falls unfairly on communities lacking the resources to protect themselves. Many workers, whose families depend on this dangerous job, ____7____ (not) afford to quit. Efforts to address the crisis are slowly emerging. NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) have begun training workers like Rajesh on safer techniques and advised ____8____ (wear) gloves and masks, which they have distributed. However, progress is slowed by economic realities. “Recycling devices properly requires expensive machines,” Rajesh explains, “but no one wants to pay extra for ____9____.” The issue extends beyond health. Soil and water near e-waste sites have been polluted, affecting millions who rely on these resources. ____10____ safer systems are valued above anything else, the cycle of harm — driven by inequality — will continue. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. dismissed B. frontier C. guarantee D. leap E. lock F. narrowed G. predetermined H. rigid I. routine J. sheltered K. still Facing Uncertainty in the Future The future is an unknown that many of us fear. Throughout childhood, many of us are innocent, ____11____ by the safety of home. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults who shape our early beliefs. Time passes until, without warning, we’re eighteen and pushed into adulthood, expected to find our way in a world we don’t yet understand. Higher education often feels like the final ____12____ before full adulthood — a stormy space of doubt. Questions arise: What path should I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily, leaving one mentally exhausted and weakening confidence as the “real world” approaches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realization that life isn’t as ____13____ as we’re taught. We assume that our early choices ____14____ us in, and that taking a different route only results in failure. But the truth is, we hold more power over our lives than we think. Still, many give up that power, softening their ambitions to fit expectations. There’s much to say for consistency, but standing ____15____ limits potential for growth. Holding tightly to a ____16____ route risks wasting not just days, but an entire lifetime that could have been extraordinary. I know this fear well. Raised to believe success meant perfect grades, a degree from a top university, and a high-paying job, I never questioned the path — until high school, when doubts slowly entered my mind. What if I wanted something else? The pressure ____17____ my world into a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had no choice but to follow. But security doesn’t ____18____ happiness. By university, I felt trapped, convinced I’d failed for not meeting expectations. Then, I took a ____19____: I switched my major to East Asian Studies, a field ____20____ as impractical. Initially, the decision seemed illogical, contrary to everything I was taught to believe in. Yet, instead of regret, I found relief. For the first time, I loved learning, freed from pressures I put on myself. The “right” path isn’t the same for everyone — it’s the one that awakens passion, not fear. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. We all know someone like it. You probably work with or are even related to one. And with Christmas approaching, the season of office parties and family gatherings, you’re increasingly likely to have to ____21____ with one and rediscover just how annoying they are. We’re talking about the ‘know-it-all’. Individuals who will enthusiastically ____22____ you about any topic or area, despite clearly having little to no expert knowledge in what they’re talking about. And often, even though ____23____ do. Why would anyone assume____24____ knowledge to everyone else, about every possible subject matter? One is the phenomenon of ‘naive realism’, which describes how people instinctively assume that their ____25____ of the world reflects objective reality. In reality, everything we see and ‘know’ about the world passes through our brain’s shortcuts, biases, emotional memories, and other mental processes. What we believe is reality in our heads is often noticeably different from what is reality, but we don’t recognize this happening. ____26____, we regularly encounter people who see the world from another perspective. But naive realism means we assume that those who understand the world differently are ____27____. For a seemingly large number of people, this results in an irresistible urge to ‘correct’ others. It may be 100 per cent well intended, but that doesn’t make it any less ____28____. However, this can’t be the ____29____ story. Many people experience naive realism, yet never do or say anything about it. True know-it-alls don’t actually wait for you to make a mistake before ____30____ to you. This suggests something beyond naive realism that drives know-it-all behavior. Another cognitive bias (认知偏差) at work, proposed in a recent study by Gehlbach, Robinson, and Fletcher, is ‘the illusion of information adequacy’. Put simply, this describes how though many people ____31____ sufficient information to make accurate judgments about something, they’ll assume the opposite. It’s logically very hard to ____32____ what we don’t know. Then there’s the Dunning-Kruger effect: the cognitive bias where people with limited competence in a certain area tend to ____33____ their abilities. Their lack of smart thinking means they struggle to acknowledge when someone else knows more than them, meaning they dare to argue with those who are better informed. And because people often respond more to ____34____ than accuracy, they often get away with it. If this happens often enough, across enough subjects, they could convince themselves that they’re ____35____ on pretty much everything, even though the opposite is true. 21. A. cooperate B. interact C. compete D. identify 22. A. mislead B. question C. encourage D. lecture 23. A. you B. some C. many D. they 24. A. realistic B. practical C. superior D. objective 25. A. domination B. perception C. assessment D. exploitation 26. A. On the contrary B. In other words C. By the way D. As a result 27. A. wrong B. normal C. imaginative D. unprofessional 28. A. controversial B. bothersome C. manageable D. puzzling 29. A. real B. personal C. full D. same 30. A. talking down B. reaching out C. turning around D. holding on 31. A. gain B. require C. lack D. display 32. A. understand B. apply C. explain D. recognize 33. A. distrust B. overestimate C. redefine D. misuse 34. A. confidence B. status C. fluency D. quantity 35 A. advocates B. innovators C. experts D. optimists Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Scientists have created a full map of an adult brain for the first time. The 3D model of all of the neurons (神经元) of a fruit fly, and the 50 million connections between them, is the first time that scientists have been able to see the full brain of an adult that can walk and fly. It represents a major breakthrough compared to previous efforts, which for instance recorded the early growth stage of a fruit fly and its much smaller 3,016 neurons. Researchers hope that the work can be a step towards producing similar studies of larger brains — including, eventually, those of humans. It might also help us gain a better understanding of how brains actually function. Already, it suggests that brains might be more similar than we might think. By comparing the newly mapped brain to previous, smaller studies, researchers saw that the pictures had significant similarities — and that brains themselves are not necessarily a unique structure. “If we want to understand how the brain works, we need a systematic understanding of how all the neurons fit together and let you think. For most brains we have no idea how these networks function,” said Gregory Jefferis, from the University of Cambridge. “Flies can do all kinds of complicated things like walk and fly, and the males sing to the females. Brain wiring diagrams are a first step towards understanding everything we’re interested in — how we control our movement, answer the telephone, or recognize a friend.” The map was produced by taking the brain of a fly itself less than 1 millimeter (微米) wide, and cutting it into 7,000 thin sections and then scanning them. Researchers used AI to scan those images to build up a map of the 140,000 neurons and 50 million connections. Researchers have made the full database open and free to all researchers, in the hope of better understanding all brains. By understanding how a healthy brain works, we might be better able to see what happens when brains function differently, as in the case of mental health conditions. 36. What have researchers found by comparing studies of fruit fly brains? A. Brains are unique and complex. B. Brains may be structurally similar. C. Brains need to function through neurons. D. Brains have different stages of development. 37. According to Gregory Jefferis, why have researchers chosen to study fruit flies? A. Their ability to perform complex tasks. B. Their excellent communication skills. C. Their ability to control their movement. D. Their complicated problem-solving skills. 38. The 3D model of the fruit fly brain was created by ________. A. scanning the brain as a whole B. drawing pictures of the neurons C. taking images of thinly cut pieces D. recording the brain activity over time 39. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. researchers need to study more kinds of animals B. a comprehensive database is needed for research C. medical treatment will need better technologies D. more studies are needed to understand the brain (B) A Beginner’s Guide to Goal Setting for Teens Are you trying to get into your dream college? Hoping to make it into the school basketball team next year? Or maybe get an A in chemistry? Regardless of what your goal is or how big it is, if you’re a young person who wants to accomplish something, you’ve come to the right place. This guide to goal setting for teens is definitely for you! When it comes to goal setting, SMART goals are the top dog. This well-established tool for goal setting is highly influenced by Locke and Latham’s goal setting theory and used by almost every major company out there. If there’s one tool for goal setting for teens to understand, it’s this one. You’ll probably encounter it later on in university or your career as well too! When creating a SMART goal, here’s what you need to consider... A SMARI goal is... Specific→State exactly what you will accomplish Measurable→Progress is trackable and you will know when you achieve it Attainable→It is possible for you to achieve the goal Relevant→It is consistent with your values interests and other goals Timely→Includes fair, but firm deadlines Where to start? 1. Start by thinking about your whole job and the broad areas (or “buckets”) of responsibility and results over which you have control. 2. Develop a goal statement for each bucket. To get the scale right, remember to focus on end results, rather than tasks. 3. Goals should be high level enough to include the core outcomes for which you are responsible, but specific and clear enough so you will be able to measure success. 4. Goals should be on-going job responsibilities and any new projects and assignments that are specific to this performance cycle. 5. Having too many goals can be an indicator that your goals are defined at too detailed a level and are focused more on tasks than on end results. 6. If it seems that your goals are becoming too many and focus on individual tasks, it may be helpful to consider combining several goal statements into a broader outcome area. 40. The author recommends SMART most probably because ______. A. he is a trainer for a major company B. it is a tool well supported by theory C. the readers need it for their future life D. teens are big dreamers but not doers 41. Xiao Ming, an average high school student, writes the following goal for the new semester: My goal is to raise my scores above 90（out of 100） in all my classes this semester because getting good scores will help me get into a good college. Which two criteria of SMART are seriously missing in Xiao Ming’s goal statement? A. Relevant, Measurable. B. Specific, Attainable. C. Measurable, Attainable. D. Relevance, Timely. 42. According to the guide’s Where to Start, which is the most important factor to consider? A. The sense of responsibility. B. The measurement of success. C. A good knowledge of tasks. D. The right level of goals. (C) In the early 2000s, Merlin Mann, a Web designer and devoted Macintosh enthusiast, was working as a freelance (自由职业的) project manager for software companies. He had held similar roles for years, so he knew the ins and outs of the job; he was surprised, therefore, to find that he was literally buried under — not by the mentally challenging aspects of his work but by the many small administrative tasks, such as scheduling conference calls, that surfaced up from a chaotic stream of e-mail messages. Mann wasn’t alone in his frustration. Work lives that had once been orderly — two or three blocks of work, broken up by meetings and phone calls — became wildly busy, unplanned, and impossibly overloaded. “E-mail is a ball of uncertainty that represents anxiety,” Mann said, reflecting on this period. Things have not since changed much. Most of us are not our own bosses and therefore lack the ability to dramatically rebuild the structure of our work responsibilities, but imagine if, through some combination of new management thinking and technology, we could introduce processes that minimize the time required to talk about work or fight off random tasks thrown our way by equally stressed co-workers, and instead let us organize our days around a small number of separate and specific objectives. This vision is attractive, but it cannot be realized by individual actions alone. It will require management intervention. Up until now, there has been little will to shift the responsibility for productivity from the person to the organization. Most knowledge-work companies have been more focused on keeping up with technological breakthroughs that might open up new markets, without addressing the fundamental issues that underlie workplace inefficiency. To get more done, it’s been sufficient to simply encourage employees to work harder. Laptops and smartphones helped these efforts by enabling office workers to find extra hours in the day to get things done, providing a productivity balance against the inefficiencies of overload culture. It seems likely that any successful effort to reform professional life must start by making it easier to figure out who is working on what, and how it’s going. Because so much of our effort in the office now develops in rapid exchanges of digital messages, it’s tempting to allow our in-boxes to become an informal storage place for everything we need to get done. This strategy, however, covers up many of the worst aspects of overload culture. Consider instead a system that externalizes work. Following the lead of software developers, we might use virtual task boards, where every task is represented by a card that indicates who is doing the work, and is pinned under a column indicating its status. With a quick glance, you can now determine everything going on within your team and ask meaningful questions about how much work any one person should tackle at a time. With this setup, improvement becomes possible. 43. What does the author try to illustrate with the example of Merlin Mann? A. More and more people have started to hop from one job to another. B. Creative design is very demanding mentally when done individually. C. Too many job responsibilities to perform could make people depressed. D. Small tasks could emerge at random to keep people disorganized at work. 44. What is the author’s view of email use in the workplace? A. It helps employees keep track of the work that has been piled up. B. It contributes to the difficulty and inefficiency of task management. C. It facilitates emotional support in times of uncertainty and anxiety. D. It provides an opportunity for employees to communicate informally. 45. What change does the author try to introduce in the workplace? A. Enhancing work flow with the aid of technology. B. Reducing workload and lowering the stress level. C. Setting distinct attainable goals for individuals. D. Redistributing work duties among employees. 46. What can be inferred about the system the author suggests? A. New software can help to hire workers from outside. B. Teamwork will become easier with a big picture. C. Division of labor will be negotiated within a team. D. Virtual reality can help to do on-the-job training. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Health Risk in Space On May 30, 2023, China achieved a significant milestone by successfully launching three astronauts to its fully operational space station aboard the Shenzhou 16 spacecraft. This brought the population in orbit at the same time to a record high of 17. With more countries planning missions and commercial companies bringing people to space, opportunities for human space travel are rapidly expanding. ____47____ Since NASA wants to send a manned mission to Mars in the 2030s, scientists need to find solutions sooner rather than later. The Earth has a protective barrier, which is the area of space around a planet that is controlled by its magnetic field (磁场) and blocks radiation. ____48____ As the equivalent between 150 and 6,000 chest X-rays, this level of radiation can harm the human body, leading to heart disease. In addition, it can make the blood-brain barrier leak, exposing the brain to chemicals and proteins that are harmful to it. Astronauts must be well protected on future long-duration missions beyond low-Earth orbit. NASA is developing technology that can protect travelers on a Mars mission from radiation by building radiation-resistant materials into space vehicles and spacesuits. ____49____ Developing ways to reduce the effects of space radiation will enable missions other than traveling in space. ____50____ For example, products that protect astronauts from space radiation and reduce its harmful effects on the human body can also treat cancer patients receiving radiation treatments. A. However, astronauts traveling farther than the space station will face continuous exposure to this radiation. B. Medical and technological advances in the field bring benefits on Earth. C. Space exploration has led to many technological achievements advancing water treatment and satellite systems. D Certain diets also bring the effects of radiation to a minimum. E. Despite the progress, traveling to space poses risks to the human body. F. NASA is planning dedicated extended-duration research on the space station. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible. Educational Inquiry: From Childhood to the TikTok Math Debate Children are naturally curious. Many constantly ask questions. At some point, most of them just stop. Why does this happen? It’s not as if the world starts to make perfect sense after several years of living. To succeed, to be recognized as smart, children typically feel social pressure to stop asking questions and start providing answers. This pressure persists into adulthood, as an online incident illustrates. During the summer of 2020, on TikTok, a woman named Gracie wondered about the origins of algebra (代数) and about whether math is “real”. The video spread widely when it was shared with the comment “stupidest video I’ve ever seen.” After being laughed at by many, others came to Gracie’s defense, including mathematicians, scientists and philosophers. For not even they knew the answers to her questions. I think this incident is worth examining for what it indicates about questions. Given the comments received, Gracie’s questions initially appeared silly to many. Such a reaction — even the mere threat of being laughed at — is a significant obstacle to asking questions. In response to her critics, Gracie admirably made another attempt to question math. She seemed like an easy target. Her questions were directed at something that is widely supposed to be unquestionable: basic mathematics. Few defenders did so on the basis that her questions were sincere or revealed genuine curiosity. It seems the primary reason the questions came to be considered good is just that they did not have easy answers, as if the difficulty of questions were equivalent to value. Lots of very good questions have easy answers if you ask the right person. Often, a good question is just motivated by curiosity, asked in order to understand better something in the world. By this measure, Gracie’s questions were good from the very start. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 一想到这些年来我在学业上取得的进步，我对父母的一贯支持心存感激。(moment) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 53. 语言学习者应该与人交际、深度理解文本，优先考虑意义协商这一动态过程。(priority) （汉译英） __________________________________________________________ 54. 外国游客被中国传统文化深深吸引，高效的高铁、方便的移动支付、智能机器人也让他们大开眼界、叹为观止。(appeal) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ 55. 与会人员一致认为，面对全球气候变化和能源危机的挑战，随着技术的不断发展和市场的持续扩大，在新能源车方面投资的潜力不可限量。(invest) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。学校校报刊登文章，介绍学生们在学习和生活中使用人工智能的经验。你也投稿参与，分享自己的体会。你的稿件内容须包括： 1. 你使用人工智能的情况。 2. 你在使用中遇到的挑战。 3. 给其他同学的忠告。 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $