专题10 语法知识之时态与语态-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题10 语法知识之时态与语态 I.动词的时态 1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以do为例） 名称 构成 用法 一般现在时 do/does,( 连系动词is/am/are ) 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 I’ll go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。 Here she comes.她来了。 一般过去时 did,( 连系动词was/were) 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。 现在进行时 is/am/are doing 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 从明天起他要做老师。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。 The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 过去进行时 was/were doing 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示） He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 现在完成时 has/have done 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。 He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. —She knows a lot about Shanghai. －She has been there. 4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词）， join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years. 要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用 ①“ago法” He joined the army three years ago. ②“延续法” He has been in the army for three years. ③“since法” It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 过去完成时 had done 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。 At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 将来完成时 will/shall have done 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短 语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下 去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. 过去完成进行时 had been doing 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。 一般将来时 will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are（about）to do 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 （详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较） 过去将来时 would/should do was/were going to do was/were（about）to do 1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常 He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 将来时 用 法 例 句 1 be + doing 进行时表将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 2 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 3 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 4 一般现在时表将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. 3.容易混淆的时态比较 项 目 区 别 例 句 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 说明：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况. Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country. A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. works (只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在) 一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态 Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been 说明：didn’t know 强调见面前不知道 I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 着重表示动作的结果时，用现在完成时 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容） 着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则用现在完成进行时 —Hi, Tracy, you look tired. —I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 说明：强调动作从过去到现在的延续 现在进行时与过去进行时的比较 现在进行时表示现在某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。 过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 — Hey, look where you are going! — Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. 说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情. 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较 一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态 Tom________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 说明：slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 .He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. A.wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 说明：正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。 II. 动词的被动语态 常用被动语态 构 成 常用被动语态 构 成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are done 6 过去进行时 was/were being done 2 一般过去时 was/were done 7 现在完成时 have/has been done 3 一般将来时 shall/will be done 8 过去完成时 had been done 4 过去将来时 should/would be done 9 将来完成时 will/would have been done 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be done 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to,have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 被动语态的句型 1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults. 使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者” 3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。 She lent me a bike.被动：①I was lent a bike(by her). ②A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词：This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room. The murderer was ordered to be shot. 下面主动形式常表示被动意义 1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等。 This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 These books sell well.这些书好卖。 The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。 Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。 The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。 The apples taste good. The flower smells wonderful. The news proved/turned out true. Cotton feels soft. 不可变为被动语态的几种情况 1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。 2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。 3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him. 因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her. 因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。 含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢 Much attention must be paid to your handwriting. 特别注意以下句子的结构：Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 一、单项选择 1．Our community volunteer group________50 volunteers, most of ________are retired workers from all walks of life. A．is consisted of; who B．consists of; whom C．consisted of; them D．consisting of; who 2．None of us ________ for the challenges of AI. Almost 50 per cent of US jobs ________ from automation in the next 20 years. A．are prepared; are at risk B．is prepared; are at risk C．is prepared; is at risk D．are prepared; is at risk 3．The number of people who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ______ steadily in recent years. A．has; increased B．have; have increased C．has; had increased D．have; has increased 4．The teacher, as well as her students, ______ excited about the upcoming field trip. A．is B．are C．were D．have been 5．As a result of the powerful hurricane, about two-thirds of the buildings in that state ________. A．require to repair B．require repairing C．require to be repairing D．require repaired 6．This important agricultural festival ________ after all the crops have been gathered in. A．taking place B．took place C．takes place D．taken place 7．When ______ the color of a given soil sample, there is one simple rule: the darker the soil, the greater the fertility. A．examining B．you examine C．to examine D．to be examining 8．Most people first decide on what they want to be and then attempt to know what it ______. A．is involved B．involved C．involving D．involves 9．Burmese officials are saying that the number of people who by the earthquakes that took place on 28th March 2025 at least 10 thousand. A．had been affected; reaches B．has affected; reach C．was affected; reach D．have been affected; reaches 10．The grassroots football event “Village Super League” ______ rural tourism growth significantly recently, and currently, it ______ over 500,000 visitors monthly. A．drives; attracts B．have driven; is attracting C．drove; attracted D．has driven; is attracting 11．The museums ______ out to the less educated visitors, who ______ to touch and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for themselves. A．are reaching, are encouraged B．are reached, encourage C．are reaching, encourage D．are reached, are encouraging 12．Across various social media platforms, keywords related to Citywalk ______ popularity as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online. A．are gaining B．gaining C．gained D．has gained 13．At the present consumer expo, many a Chinese tech company _______ impressive humanoid robots. A．is showcasing B．are showcasing C．was showcasing D．were showcasing 14．E-mail as well as telephones ________ more and more popular in daily communication. A．is becoming B．are becoming C．have become D．become 15．WeChat(微信) as well as telephones ______ an important part in our daily communication. A．are playing B．have played C．is playing D．play 16．It is almost ten years since she left her hometown, and she _________ as a manager in a multinational corporation. A．served B．had served C．is serving D．would serve 17．By the time he emerged from the operating room, the surgeon had already spent hours performing what ultimately ________ to be an ineffective surgery. A．proved B．was proved C．would prove D．had proved 18．At the photography exhibition, the photos, which employed artful techniques and ________ rare natural landscapes, looked ________ to the audience. A．capturing; fascinating B．captured; fascinated C．capturing; fascinated D．captured; fascinating 19．The research they had been devoted to ________ to be of great value. A．was proved B．proving C．proves D．proved 20．It _______ Clarea and Johnson who managed to get us the data we needed several days ago. A．was B．are C．were D．is 21．—Look at this! I __________ some old pictures and __________ this baby picture. —Is it a picture of you? It’s so lovely. A．was going through; found B．am going through; find C．went through; had found D．had gone through; found 22．On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some apples and visited her cousin. A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．having bought 23．The design of the multi-functional table lamp ________ when Xiaomi managed to popularize it in the home market. A．was proved successful B．was proved a success C．proved being a success D．proved a success 24．In front of the audience, as the little girl spoke, she put her hands behind her back to hide that they ________. A．had shaken B．were shaking C．have been shaking D．have shaken 25．Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us. A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing 26．Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he ______ for patients in his medical practice in London. A．has waited B．had waited C．has been waiting D．was waiting 27．— You were out when I dropped in at your house. — Oh, I ________ for a friend from England at the airport. A．am waiting B．was waiting C．had waited D．has waited 28．He ________ a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend. A．had driven B．was driving C．would drive D．drove 29．During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ________ not to touch an unattended bag. A．had always been warned B．were always being warned C．are always warning D．always warned 30．— Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday? — Because I my mother in the kitchen at that time. The deadline is coming, but I my homework. A．helped; didn’t finish B．was helping; haven’t finished C．helped; haven’t finished D．was helping; wouldn’t finish 31．Benny is the only one of the students in our school who in the Youth Robotics Challenge in Shanghai next month. A．are to compete B．will have competed C．is to compete D．will be competing 32．Our guest together with my mum _____ visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery tomorrow morning. A．is going to B．was going to C．are going to D．were going to 33．Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation after his death. A．has been left B．is to leave C．leaves D．is to be left 34．—Have you finished your homework? —Not yet. I _______ it after dinner. A．will do B．am doing C．have done D．do 35．As soon as he _______back, I’ll tell him when and see him. A．comes, will you come B．will come, do you come C．comes, you will come D．will come, you come 36．The willow tree ___________ and roses will soon be planted there. A．is to be cut down B．was to be cut down C．was being cut down D．is cut down 37．She set off at 9 a.m. and the airport an hour later. A．will reach B．would reach C．was reaching D．has reached 38．They said they _________ us at 10: 30 at the station the next day. A．met B．have met C．would meet D．had met 39．She set off at 9 a. m. and the airport an hour later. A．will reach B．would reach C．had reached D．has reached 40．He said that he ______ to Beijing the next day. A．will go B．goes C．would go D．is going 41．At that time ten years ago Nancy had no idea that quitting the job ________ the turning point in her future life. A．will become B．would become C．were to become D．has become 42．He promised that he ________ us in the party, but he hasn’t turned up yet. A．had joined B．joined C．would join D．will join 43．At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America. A．is to become B．becomes C．would become D．became 44．Casey can’t attend your birthday party tonight because she ________ a meeting at that time. A．would have B．is having C．will be having D．had had 45．Having earned widespread acclaim, the Nezha 2 crew ______ themselves to crafting another hit animation for years to come. A．have been dedicating B．will be dedicating C．had dedicated D．are dedicating 46．I won’t be able to watch the talk show this evening because I ________ homework at that time. A．will do B．will be doing C．do D．am doing 47．With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ______ in China’s major cities these years. A．have sprung up B．sprang up C．had sprung up D．has sprung up 48．The discoveries made at Sanxingdui ________ some questions about the origin of Chinese civilization up to now. A．will raise B．raised C．have raised D．had raised 49．So far this semester, Sarah ______ her public speaking skills significantly by practicing daily in front of a mirror to take part in the school debate competition next month. A．improved B．had improved C．has improved D．is improving 50．DeepSeek’s breakthrough on cost challenges the “bigger is better” tradition that ______ the AI arms race in recent years. A．had been driven B．had driven C．has driven D．has been driven 51．We can’t make pancakes due to the fact that eggs _______. A．have run out B．was run out C．ran out D．have been run out 52．More than one man ________ me that the plane crashed. A．tells B．tell C．has told D．have told 53．The result of the project is __________ and it has __________ all the team members. A．satisfied; satisfied B．satisfying; satisfied C．satisfy; satisfying D．satisfying; satisfy 54．The design of the gymnasium shows a great deal of originality. We ______ a building of such a type before. A．have never seen B．never see C．had never seen D．would never have seen 55．Mary wanted to see Miss Sun off at the airport, but when she arrived there, she was told that Miss Sun ________. A．had left B．was leaving C．has left D．would leave 56．_______ the window when a bird flew into our classroom, and every student got excited. A．Hardly did I open B．Hardly I opened C．Hardly had I opened D．Hardly had opened I 57．Mrs. Jones was annoyed that the sweeping machine she ________ was out of order again. A．had it repaired B．was repairing C．repaired D．had had repaired 58．It was the first time that he ________ with a host family. A．lived B．had lived C．lives D．has lived 59．It was the second time that she ______ Mount Everest with her teammates. A．had climbed B．has climbed C．would climb D．climbed 60．The ______ look on her face suggested that she ______ it before. A．surprising; wouldn’t know B．surprised; shouldn’t know C．surprising; hadn’t known D．surprised; hadn’t known 61．By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A．submit B．had submitted C．were submitting D．have submitted 62．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had been on B．has been on C．is on D．was on 63．When Robert got to the third floor, he found that he didn’t take his keys, and then remembered he _______ them in the car. A．was leaving B．had left C．would leave D．had been leaving 64．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —Avatar. We _______ here for more than two hours. A．waited B．would wait C．were waiting D．have been waiting 65．Mr. Green his reading report for three hours without a break; he must be tired now. A．had written B．was writing C．would write D．has been writing 66．The dog _____________ for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon. A．barks B．barked C．is barking D．has been barking 67．— Do you think Charles is suitable for the position? —— Sure, I ________him closely during the past month and am very pleased with his work. A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．have been watching 68．For the past decade, researchers at the lab _______ on developing sustainable materials, their findings global attention to eco-friendly innovations. A．have worked; draw B．have been working; drawing C．had worked; drawn D．had been working; to draw 69．The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A．has studied; didn’t find B．studied; haven’t found C．has been studying; haven’t found D．had studied; hadn’t found 70．Tom __________ in the workshop over the last three days. A．works B．worked C．has been working D．had worked 71．Mr Smith ______ a book, which will probably be completed next month. A．writes B．has been written C．will be writing D．has been writing 72．She is one of the girls in our class who ______ to compete in the coming sports meeting. A．have been chosen B．is chosen C．has been chosen D．are to be chosen 73．The innovative software system, along with detailed user manuals, _____ to thousands of companies worldwide by the end of last month. A．has distributed B．had distributed C．has been distributed D．had been distributed 74．He was surprised to find that his hometown________into a modern city in the past few years. A．transformed B．was transformed C．has transformed D．had been transformed 75．A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 76．By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 77．Mr. Li, our headmaster, recommends that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school. A．should hold B．are held C．be held D．will be held 78．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 79．In warm weather fruit and meat ________ long. A．don’t keep B．cannot be kept C．are not kept D．are not keeping 80．His choice to return to his hometown ________ a turning point in his life, which led to great progress in his career. A．proved B．was proved C．has proved D．has been proved 81．Great changes________in my hometown in the past few years. A．took place B．were take place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 82．Sheep have been so changed by breeding that their wild ancestors are hard ________. A．identifying B．being identified C．to identify D．to be identified 83．With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly elected president is having a hard time. A．settling B．to settle C．settled D．having settled 84．Parents who have an addiction to their mobile phones ________ for their poorly behaved children, a recent research claims. A．are to blame B．are blaming C．are to be blamed D．blamed 85．Mr. Crossett was made his teaching because of his poor health and old age. A．give up B．give in C．to give up D．to give in 二、阅读理解 1 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, presents a critical portrait (画像) of the American dream through its description of the 1920s New York elite (精英). The Great Gatsby’s characters represent the wealthiest members of 1920s New York society. Despite their money, however, they are not portrayed as particularly ambitious. Instead, the rich characters’ negative qualities are put on display: wastefulness, hedonism (享乐主义), and carelessness. In The Great Gatsby, love is tied to class. As a young military officer, Gatsby fell quickly for Daisy, who promised to wait for him after the war. However, any chance at a real relationship was impossible due to Gatsby’s lower social status. Instead of waiting for Gatsby, Daisy married Tom Buchanan, an old-money East Coast elite. It is an unhappy marriage of convenience: Tom has affairs and seems just as romantically uninterested in Daisy as she is in him. Tom Buchanan comes from the old money elite, while Jay Gatsby is a self-made millionaire. Gatsby, self-conscious about his “new money” social status, throws unbelievably numerous parties in hopes of catching Daisy Buchanan’s attention. However, at the novel’s conclusions Daisy chooses to stay with Tom despite the fact that she genuinely loves Gatsby; her reasoning is that she could not bear to lose the social status that her marriage to Tom affords her. Jay Gatsby is perhaps one of the most idealistic characters in literature. Nothing can stop him from his belief in the possibility of dreams and romance. In fact, his entire pursuit of wealth and influence as carried out in hopes of making his dreams come true. However, Gatsby’s single-minded pursuit of those dreams—particularly his pursuit of the idealized Daisy—is the quality that finally destroys him. After Gatsby’s death, his funeral is attended by just three guests; the “real world” moves on as though he’d never lived at all. 86．What do The Great Gatsby’s characters have in common? A．They pursue nothing in daily lives. B．They have harmful money values. C．They are mentally wealthy elites. D．They aren’t reflected in America. 87．What does the underlined phrase “marriage of convenience” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Marriage based on practical reasons. B．Marriage without any ceremonies. C．Marriage based on one-way love. D．Marriage without any romance. 88．Which of the following can be inferred from Daisy’s choice? A．Choosing a partner requires reasoning. B．Tom Buchanan is richer than Jay Gatsby. C．Wealth doesn’t always decide social class. D．Daisy lays emphasis on wealth instead of love. 89．What caused Jay Gatsby’s misfortune based on the passage? A．The pursuit of his wealth and influence. B．The betrayal of the girl he deeply loves. C．The loss of his wealth and social status. D．The gap between the reality and dream. 2 Precision agriculture represents a crucial advancement in contemporary farming. One innovative application employs real-time imaging to visualize how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces. Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides(杀虫剂)across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash, who had some family exposure to the process of spraying(喷洒)crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants, which is influenced by various factors including the design of the device, the temperature, wind and other conditions at the time of spraying. To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.” This allows farmers to use only 20-30% of the product per acre(英亩)while maintaining key functions like pest control, fertilization, and growth regulation. The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection. Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings. Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go, its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels, safeguarding ecosystems and food safety. 90．Why is the real-time imaging technology adopted? A．To check plant growth. B．To replace pesticide use. C．To improve productivity. D．To increase the farmland. 91．How does Jayaprakashˈs two-camera system address the challenge? A．By choosing various spraying equipment. B．By calculating the amount of pesticide required. C．By making adjustments to enhance spray efficiency. D．By using imaging to monitor the temperature and wind. 92．What can be the conclusion of Susan Scheufeleˈs field trials? A．The technology is workable with less costs. B．The technology is useless for removing leaves. C．The technology is only suitable for some plants. D．The technology needs to be improved for better results. 93．What is the authorˈs attitude toward precision agriculture? A．Tolerant. B．Favourable. C．Disapproving. D．Dismissive. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 Held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Double Ninth Festival is also called the Chongyang Festival. In Chinese, nine is thought 94 (be) the number of Yang. The ninth day of the ninth month is the day which has two Yang numbers, and “chong” in Chinese 95 (mean) double. It is a day for people to eat Chongyang cake, drink chrysanthemum (菊花) wine, climb mountains, 96 enjoy chrysanthemums. These 97 (interest) activities add to the joy of Chongyang Festival. It is said 98 by climbing a high mountain, diseases could be prevented. Many widely-known poems 99 (create) by poets in the Tang Dynasty (618—907) describing the scene and feeling of mountain climbing. Now, family members or good friends gather to climb mountains to enjoy the beauty of nature and share the 100 (happy) of the holiday with each other. As chrysanthemums blossom (开花) during 101 festival, it is a pleasure to enjoy the chrysanthemums in parks. Grand chrysanthemum exhibitions (展览) are held, attracting a large number of 102 (visitor). Wearing dogwood, a kind of plant that can drive away bad luck in people’s values, was very popular in the old days. Now, some people still hang dogwood in 103 (they) houses on this day. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题10 语法知识之时态与语态 I.动词的时态 1. 常用常考的动词时态和用法：（以do为例） 名称 构成 用法 一般现在时 do/does,( 连系动词is/am/are ) 1.一般现在时表示经常发生、习惯性动作、客观真理、科学事实、格言，目前的特征、状态、能力等。 2.主句是一般将来时,时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。 I’ll go there after I finish my work. If it rains tomorrow,I won’t go there. 3.在以here,there开头的句子里，go,come等少数动词的一般在时表示正在发生的动作。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 There comes the bus.汽车来了。 Here she comes.她来了。 一般过去时 did,( 连系动词was/were) 表达特定的过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状况，或过去某一时间内经常发生或反复发生的动作或行为。 现在进行时 is/am/are doing 1.表示正在进行的动作。 2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。 She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。 He is working as a teacher tomorrow. 从明天起他要做老师。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。 3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。 The Changjiang River is flowing into the east. 长江江水滚滚向东流。 The sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。 过去进行时 was/were doing 1.表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作（这一过去时间须用时间状语表示） He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行 They were still working when I left. 3.用在两个过去进行时动作同时发生 I was writing while he was watching TV. 4.表示过去将来动作 He said she was arriving the next day. 现在完成时 has/have done 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已 完成的动作。 I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room. 2.表示从过去开始，待续到现在的动作或状态，往往 和“for...”, “since...”表述的一段时间状语连用。 He has learned English for six years. They have worked here since they left college. 3.表示“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。 —Where is Li Hua? －He has gone to the reading-room. —She knows a lot about Shanghai. －She has been there. 4.短暂动词（即瞬间动词）， join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry, finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成时态 中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。不能说：He has joined the army for three years. 要翻译“他已参军已经三年了。”可采用 ①“ago法” He joined the army three years ago. ②“延续法” He has been in the army for three years. ③“since法” It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 过去完成时 had done 1.表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。 He had shut the door before the dog came up. Everything had been all right up till this morning. 2.表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到 另一个过去时刻才完成，甚至还要继续下去。 At the age of ten,he had learned 500 English words. He had been ill for a week when we learned about it. 3.常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等动词的 过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 将来完成时 will/shall have done 用来表示在将来某个时刻（前）将完成的动作。常和by短 语，when,before引起的时间状语连用。 We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term. 现在完成进行时 has/have been doing 用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（还要继续下 去）的动作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. 过去完成进行时 had been doing 表示动作或状态从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到另一个过去时刻才完成，还将继续下去。 一般将来时 will/shall do is/am/are going to do is/am/are（about）to do 一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况 （详见下面2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较） 过去将来时 would/should do was/were going to do was/were（about）to do 1.相对于过去某一时刻而言即将发生的动作或存在的状态 He told me he would go to Beijing.他告诉我他将去北京。 I was told that he was going to return home. 有人告诉我他准备回家。 2. would do(表示过去的习惯)总是,总会,常常 He would sit silent for hours. 他常常接连好几个小时默默地坐着。 2.一般将来时的特殊表达方式的比较 将来时 用 法 例 句 1 be + doing 进行时表将来 go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作 He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe? 2 be about to + 动词原形 表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语 I was about to leave when the bell rang. The meeting is about to close. 3 be to + 动词原形 表示按计划进行或征求对方意见 We’re to meet at the school gate at noon. 4 一般现在时表将来 时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来 The meeting starts at five o’clock. The plane leaves at ten this evening. 3.容易混淆的时态比较 项 目 区 别 例 句 一般过去时与现在完成时的比较 现在完成时强调过去动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果 We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _______ to her? A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened 说明：说话者强调Jane 目前的状况. Mr. Lee, who ________ as a carpenter for over 10 years, is now a very famous statesman in this country. A. has worked B. had worked C. worked D. works (只说明他过去当过木匠不涉及到现在) 一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态 Hello, I ____ you were in London. How long _________ here? A. don’t know; were you B. hadn’t known; are you C. haven’t known; are D. didn’t know; have you been 说明：didn’t know 强调见面前不知道 I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住) 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较 着重表示动作的结果时，用现在完成时 I have read that book.我读过那本书了。（知道那本书的内容） 着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则用现在完成进行时 —Hi, Tracy, you look tired. —I am tired. I _______ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted 说明：强调动作从过去到现在的延续 现在进行时与过去进行时的比较 现在进行时表示现在某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 I don’t really work here. I ____ until the new secretary _______. A. just help out; comes B. have just helped out; will come C. am just helping out; comes D. will just help out; has come 说明：指目前一段时间正在发生的动作, until 引导的是时间状语从句,动词需用一般现在时。 过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 — Hey, look where you are going! — Oh, I’m terribly sorry. _______. A. I’m not noticing. B. I wasn’t noticing. C. I haven’t noticed. D. I don’t notice. 说明：对话的后者显然是在解释刚才不小心冒犯对方时正在做的事情. 一般过去时与过去进行时的比较 一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态 Tom________ into the house when no one ___________. A. slipped; was noticing B. had slipped; noticed C. slipped; had noticed D. was slipping; noticed 说明：slip和notice 为同时发生的动作，因此B、C为错误选项，slipped指过去有结果的动作（他溜进去了），when no one was noticing 指他溜进去的一刹那发生的情况（没有人注意）。 过去进行时表示某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作 .He ______ a book about China last year, but I don’t know if he ______ it. A.wrote; has finished B. was writing; has finished C. was writing; had finished D. wrote; will finish 说明：正确选项为B. 从I don’t know if he has finished it.推断，他去年一直在写。 II. 动词的被动语态 常用被动语态 构 成 常用被动语态 构 成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are done 6 过去进行时 was/were being done 2 一般过去时 was/were done 7 现在完成时 have/has been done 3 一般将来时 shall/will be done 8 过去完成时 had been done 4 过去将来时 should/would be done 9 将来完成时 will/would have been done 5 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 10 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be done 注 意 事 项 被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to,have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 Trees should not be planted in summer. The boy was made fun of by his classmates. Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示： It is believed that… It is generally considered that… It is said that… It is well known that… It must be pointed out that… It is supposed that… It is reported that… It must be admitted that… It is hoped that… 被动语态的句型 1.常见句式是：主语（受动者）＋be＋过去分词＋（by＋施动者）：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语＋get＋过去分词＋其它成分：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults. 使用这种结构不能带有“by＋施动者” 3.带有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的主动句变为动句，其主语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。 She lent me a bike.被动：①I was lent a bike(by her). ②A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情态动词＋be＋过去分词：This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式：主语＋被动式谓语＋不定式的被动式＋其它成分 These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room. The murderer was ordered to be shot. 下面主动形式常表示被动意义 1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是：cut,sell,read,write,fill,cook,lock,wash等。 This knife cuts well.这把刀好切。 These books sell well.这些书好卖。 The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。 Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。 The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 2.一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词。常见动look,smell,taste,sound,feel,prove,turn out等。 The apples taste good. The flower smells wonderful. The news proved/turned out true. Cotton feels soft. 不可变为被动语态的几种情况 1.I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。 2.We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。 3.He lost heart.不可变为Heart was lost by him. 因为象lose heart,make a face,keep silence,lose in thought这类动宾结构的固定短语只能用于主动式，不能用被动式。 4.She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her. 因为象take part in,belong to ,own,have,hate,fail,contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。 含有短语动词在被动语态中介词不能丢 Much attention must be paid to your handwriting. 特别注意以下句子的结构：Every minute must be made full use of to study Englsih. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等 一、单项选择 1．Our community volunteer group________50 volunteers, most of ________are retired workers from all walks of life. A．is consisted of; who B．consists of; whom C．consisted of; them D．consisting of; who 2．None of us ________ for the challenges of AI. Almost 50 per cent of US jobs ________ from automation in the next 20 years. A．are prepared; are at risk B．is prepared; are at risk C．is prepared; is at risk D．are prepared; is at risk 3．The number of people who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas ______ steadily in recent years. A．has; increased B．have; have increased C．has; had increased D．have; has increased 4．The teacher, as well as her students, ______ excited about the upcoming field trip. A．is B．are C．were D．have been 5．As a result of the powerful hurricane, about two-thirds of the buildings in that state ________. A．require to repair B．require repairing C．require to be repairing D．require repaired 6．This important agricultural festival ________ after all the crops have been gathered in. A．taking place B．took place C．takes place D．taken place 7．When ______ the color of a given soil sample, there is one simple rule: the darker the soil, the greater the fertility. A．examining B．you examine C．to examine D．to be examining 8．Most people first decide on what they want to be and then attempt to know what it ______. A．is involved B．involved C．involving D．involves 9．Burmese officials are saying that the number of people who by the earthquakes that took place on 28th March 2025 at least 10 thousand. A．had been affected; reaches B．has affected; reach C．was affected; reach D．have been affected; reaches 10．The grassroots football event “Village Super League” ______ rural tourism growth significantly recently, and currently, it ______ over 500,000 visitors monthly. A．drives; attracts B．have driven; is attracting C．drove; attracted D．has driven; is attracting 11．The museums ______ out to the less educated visitors, who ______ to touch and experiment so as to discover scientific principles for themselves. A．are reaching, are encouraged B．are reached, encourage C．are reaching, encourage D．are reached, are encouraging 12．Across various social media platforms, keywords related to Citywalk ______ popularity as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online. A．are gaining B．gaining C．gained D．has gained 13．At the present consumer expo, many a Chinese tech company _______ impressive humanoid robots. A．is showcasing B．are showcasing C．was showcasing D．were showcasing 14．E-mail as well as telephones ________ more and more popular in daily communication. A．is becoming B．are becoming C．have become D．become 15．WeChat(微信) as well as telephones ______ an important part in our daily communication. A．are playing B．have played C．is playing D．play 16．It is almost ten years since she left her hometown, and she _________ as a manager in a multinational corporation. A．served B．had served C．is serving D．would serve 17．By the time he emerged from the operating room, the surgeon had already spent hours performing what ultimately ________ to be an ineffective surgery. A．proved B．was proved C．would prove D．had proved 18．At the photography exhibition, the photos, which employed artful techniques and ________ rare natural landscapes, looked ________ to the audience. A．capturing; fascinating B．captured; fascinated C．capturing; fascinated D．captured; fascinating 19．The research they had been devoted to ________ to be of great value. A．was proved B．proving C．proves D．proved 20．It _______ Clarea and Johnson who managed to get us the data we needed several days ago. A．was B．are C．were D．is 21．—Look at this! I __________ some old pictures and __________ this baby picture. —Is it a picture of you? It’s so lovely. A．was going through; found B．am going through; find C．went through; had found D．had gone through; found 22．On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, ________ some apples and visited her cousin. A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．having bought 23．The design of the multi-functional table lamp ________ when Xiaomi managed to popularize it in the home market. A．was proved successful B．was proved a success C．proved being a success D．proved a success 24．In front of the audience, as the little girl spoke, she put her hands behind her back to hide that they ________. A．had shaken B．were shaking C．have been shaking D．have shaken 25．Every boy and every girl ________ the 2024 New Year Day in our classroom when suddenly our beloved principal entered the classroom, conveying the best wishes and expectations to us. A．would observe B．observed C．were observing D．was observing 26．Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he ______ for patients in his medical practice in London. A．has waited B．had waited C．has been waiting D．was waiting 27．— You were out when I dropped in at your house. — Oh, I ________ for a friend from England at the airport. A．am waiting B．was waiting C．had waited D．has waited 28．He ________ a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend. A．had driven B．was driving C．would drive D．drove 29．During the period of recent terrorist activities, people ________ not to touch an unattended bag. A．had always been warned B．were always being warned C．are always warning D．always warned 30．— Why didn’t you answer my call yesterday? — Because I my mother in the kitchen at that time. The deadline is coming, but I my homework. A．helped; didn’t finish B．was helping; haven’t finished C．helped; haven’t finished D．was helping; wouldn’t finish 31．Benny is the only one of the students in our school who in the Youth Robotics Challenge in Shanghai next month. A．are to compete B．will have competed C．is to compete D．will be competing 32．Our guest together with my mum _____ visit the Haihe River and enjoy the beautiful scenery tomorrow morning. A．is going to B．was going to C．are going to D．were going to 33．Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation after his death. A．has been left B．is to leave C．leaves D．is to be left 34．—Have you finished your homework? —Not yet. I _______ it after dinner. A．will do B．am doing C．have done D．do 35．As soon as he _______back, I’ll tell him when and see him. A．comes, will you come B．will come, do you come C．comes, you will come D．will come, you come 36．The willow tree ___________ and roses will soon be planted there. A．is to be cut down B．was to be cut down C．was being cut down D．is cut down 37．She set off at 9 a.m. and the airport an hour later. A．will reach B．would reach C．was reaching D．has reached 38．They said they _________ us at 10: 30 at the station the next day. A．met B．have met C．would meet D．had met 39．She set off at 9 a. m. and the airport an hour later. A．will reach B．would reach C．had reached D．has reached 40．He said that he ______ to Beijing the next day. A．will go B．goes C．would go D．is going 41．At that time ten years ago Nancy had no idea that quitting the job ________ the turning point in her future life. A．will become B．would become C．were to become D．has become 42．He promised that he ________ us in the party, but he hasn’t turned up yet. A．had joined B．joined C．would join D．will join 43．At college, Barack Obama didn’t know that he the first black president of the United States of America. A．is to become B．becomes C．would become D．became 44．Casey can’t attend your birthday party tonight because she ________ a meeting at that time. A．would have B．is having C．will be having D．had had 45．Having earned widespread acclaim, the Nezha 2 crew ______ themselves to crafting another hit animation for years to come. A．have been dedicating B．will be dedicating C．had dedicated D．are dedicating 46．I won’t be able to watch the talk show this evening because I ________ homework at that time. A．will do B．will be doing C．do D．am doing 47．With people paying attention to fitness, self-service mini-gyms, each covering about 5 square meters, ______ in China’s major cities these years. A．have sprung up B．sprang up C．had sprung up D．has sprung up 48．The discoveries made at Sanxingdui ________ some questions about the origin of Chinese civilization up to now. A．will raise B．raised C．have raised D．had raised 49．So far this semester, Sarah ______ her public speaking skills significantly by practicing daily in front of a mirror to take part in the school debate competition next month. A．improved B．had improved C．has improved D．is improving 50．DeepSeek’s breakthrough on cost challenges the “bigger is better” tradition that ______ the AI arms race in recent years. A．had been driven B．had driven C．has driven D．has been driven 51．We can’t make pancakes due to the fact that eggs _______. A．have run out B．was run out C．ran out D．have been run out 52．More than one man ________ me that the plane crashed. A．tells B．tell C．has told D．have told 53．The result of the project is __________ and it has __________ all the team members. A．satisfied; satisfied B．satisfying; satisfied C．satisfy; satisfying D．satisfying; satisfy 54．The design of the gymnasium shows a great deal of originality. We ______ a building of such a type before. A．have never seen B．never see C．had never seen D．would never have seen 55．Mary wanted to see Miss Sun off at the airport, but when she arrived there, she was told that Miss Sun ________. A．had left B．was leaving C．has left D．would leave 56．_______ the window when a bird flew into our classroom, and every student got excited. A．Hardly did I open B．Hardly I opened C．Hardly had I opened D．Hardly had opened I 57．Mrs. Jones was annoyed that the sweeping machine she ________ was out of order again. A．had it repaired B．was repairing C．repaired D．had had repaired 58．It was the first time that he ________ with a host family. A．lived B．had lived C．lives D．has lived 59．It was the second time that she ______ Mount Everest with her teammates. A．had climbed B．has climbed C．would climb D．climbed 60．The ______ look on her face suggested that she ______ it before. A．surprising; wouldn’t know B．surprised; shouldn’t know C．surprising; hadn’t known D．surprised; hadn’t known 61．By the time the teacher asked for the essays, most students _________ their drafts to the online platform. A．submit B．had submitted C．were submitting D．have submitted 62．By the time we arrived at the cinema, the movie ________ for 10 minutes. A．had been on B．has been on C．is on D．was on 63．When Robert got to the third floor, he found that he didn’t take his keys, and then remembered he _______ them in the car. A．was leaving B．had left C．would leave D．had been leaving 64．—Excuse me, which movie are you waiting for? —Avatar. We _______ here for more than two hours. A．waited B．would wait C．were waiting D．have been waiting 65．Mr. Green his reading report for three hours without a break; he must be tired now. A．had written B．was writing C．would write D．has been writing 66．The dog _____________ for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon. A．barks B．barked C．is barking D．has been barking 67．— Do you think Charles is suitable for the position? —— Sure, I ________him closely during the past month and am very pleased with his work. A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．have been watching 68．For the past decade, researchers at the lab _______ on developing sustainable materials, their findings global attention to eco-friendly innovations. A．have worked; draw B．have been working; drawing C．had worked; drawn D．had been working; to draw 69．The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A．has studied; didn’t find B．studied; haven’t found C．has been studying; haven’t found D．had studied; hadn’t found 70．Tom __________ in the workshop over the last three days. A．works B．worked C．has been working D．had worked 71．Mr Smith ______ a book, which will probably be completed next month. A．writes B．has been written C．will be writing D．has been writing 72．She is one of the girls in our class who ______ to compete in the coming sports meeting. A．have been chosen B．is chosen C．has been chosen D．are to be chosen 73．The innovative software system, along with detailed user manuals, _____ to thousands of companies worldwide by the end of last month. A．has distributed B．had distributed C．has been distributed D．had been distributed 74．He was surprised to find that his hometown________into a modern city in the past few years. A．transformed B．was transformed C．has transformed D．had been transformed 75．A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 76．By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 77．Mr. Li, our headmaster, recommends that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school. A．should hold B．are held C．be held D．will be held 78．The boss demanded that all the paper ______ on time. A．had been handed in B．be handed in C．was handed in D．must be handed in 79．In warm weather fruit and meat ________ long. A．don’t keep B．cannot be kept C．are not kept D．are not keeping 80．His choice to return to his hometown ________ a turning point in his life, which led to great progress in his career. A．proved B．was proved C．has proved D．has been proved 81．Great changes________in my hometown in the past few years. A．took place B．were take place C．have taken place D．have been taken place 82．Sheep have been so changed by breeding that their wild ancestors are hard ________. A．identifying B．being identified C．to identify D．to be identified 83．With a lot of difficult problems _______, the newly elected president is having a hard time. A．settling B．to settle C．settled D．having settled 84．Parents who have an addiction to their mobile phones ________ for their poorly behaved children, a recent research claims. A．are to blame B．are blaming C．are to be blamed D．blamed 85．Mr. Crossett was made his teaching because of his poor health and old age. A．give up B．give in C．to give up D．to give in 二、阅读理解 1 The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, presents a critical portrait (画像) of the American dream through its description of the 1920s New York elite (精英). The Great Gatsby’s characters represent the wealthiest members of 1920s New York society. Despite their money, however, they are not portrayed as particularly ambitious. Instead, the rich characters’ negative qualities are put on display: wastefulness, hedonism (享乐主义), and carelessness. In The Great Gatsby, love is tied to class. As a young military officer, Gatsby fell quickly for Daisy, who promised to wait for him after the war. However, any chance at a real relationship was impossible due to Gatsby’s lower social status. Instead of waiting for Gatsby, Daisy married Tom Buchanan, an old-money East Coast elite. It is an unhappy marriage of convenience: Tom has affairs and seems just as romantically uninterested in Daisy as she is in him. Tom Buchanan comes from the old money elite, while Jay Gatsby is a self-made millionaire. Gatsby, self-conscious about his “new money” social status, throws unbelievably numerous parties in hopes of catching Daisy Buchanan’s attention. However, at the novel’s conclusions Daisy chooses to stay with Tom despite the fact that she genuinely loves Gatsby; her reasoning is that she could not bear to lose the social status that her marriage to Tom affords her. Jay Gatsby is perhaps one of the most idealistic characters in literature. Nothing can stop him from his belief in the possibility of dreams and romance. In fact, his entire pursuit of wealth and influence as carried out in hopes of making his dreams come true. However, Gatsby’s single-minded pursuit of those dreams—particularly his pursuit of the idealized Daisy—is the quality that finally destroys him. After Gatsby’s death, his funeral is attended by just three guests; the “real world” moves on as though he’d never lived at all. 86．What do The Great Gatsby’s characters have in common? A．They pursue nothing in daily lives. B．They have harmful money values. C．They are mentally wealthy elites. D．They aren’t reflected in America. 87．What does the underlined phrase “marriage of convenience” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Marriage based on practical reasons. B．Marriage without any ceremonies. C．Marriage based on one-way love. D．Marriage without any romance. 88．Which of the following can be inferred from Daisy’s choice? A．Choosing a partner requires reasoning. B．Tom Buchanan is richer than Jay Gatsby. C．Wealth doesn’t always decide social class. D．Daisy lays emphasis on wealth instead of love. 89．What caused Jay Gatsby’s misfortune based on the passage? A．The pursuit of his wealth and influence. B．The betrayal of the girl he deeply loves. C．The loss of his wealth and social status. D．The gap between the reality and dream. 2 Precision agriculture represents a crucial advancement in contemporary farming. One innovative application employs real-time imaging to visualize how tiny drops of liquid are forming on plant surfaces. Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides(杀虫剂)across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. This development originated from the work of Vishnu Jayaprakash, who had some family exposure to the process of spraying(喷洒)crops and recognized that the main challenge in that process is how to make water-based sprays interact effectively with surfaces of plants, which is influenced by various factors including the design of the device, the temperature, wind and other conditions at the time of spraying. To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.” This allows farmers to use only 20-30% of the product per acre(英亩)while maintaining key functions like pest control, fertilization, and growth regulation. The advancement in precision agriculture is helping farmers reduce costs while maintaining crop protection. Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings. Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go, its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels, safeguarding ecosystems and food safety. 90．Why is the real-time imaging technology adopted? A．To check plant growth. B．To replace pesticide use. C．To improve productivity. D．To increase the farmland. 91．How does Jayaprakashˈs two-camera system address the challenge? A．By choosing various spraying equipment. B．By calculating the amount of pesticide required. C．By making adjustments to enhance spray efficiency. D．By using imaging to monitor the temperature and wind. 92．What can be the conclusion of Susan Scheufeleˈs field trials? A．The technology is workable with less costs. B．The technology is useless for removing leaves. C．The technology is only suitable for some plants. D．The technology needs to be improved for better results. 93．What is the authorˈs attitude toward precision agriculture? A．Tolerant. B．Favourable. C．Disapproving. D．Dismissive. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式 Held on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month, the Double Ninth Festival is also called the Chongyang Festival. In Chinese, nine is thought 94 (be) the number of Yang. The ninth day of the ninth month is the day which has two Yang numbers, and “chong” in Chinese 95 (mean) double. It is a day for people to eat Chongyang cake, drink chrysanthemum (菊花) wine, climb mountains, 96 enjoy chrysanthemums. These 97 (interest) activities add to the joy of Chongyang Festival. It is said 98 by climbing a high mountain, diseases could be prevented. Many widely-known poems 99 (create) by poets in the Tang Dynasty (618—907) describing the scene and feeling of mountain climbing. Now, family members or good friends gather to climb mountains to enjoy the beauty of nature and share the 100 (happy) of the holiday with each other. As chrysanthemums blossom (开花) during 101 festival, it is a pleasure to enjoy the chrysanthemums in parks. Grand chrysanthemum exhibitions (展览) are held, attracting a large number of 102 (visitor). Wearing dogwood, a kind of plant that can drive away bad luck in people’s values, was very popular in the old days. Now, some people still hang dogwood in 103 (they) houses on this day. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查时态和定语从句。句意：我们的社区志愿者小组由50名志愿者组成，其中大部分是来自各行各业的退休工人。consist of表示“由……组成”，这个短语没有被动语态；句子描述的是一般事实，用一般现在时；主语是Our community volunteer group，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句中先行词为50 volunteers，在非限定性定语从句中作most of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom引导。故选B。 2．B 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：我们中没有人对人工智能的挑战做好了准备。未来20年，美国近50%的工作面临自动化风险。分析句子可知，“None of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数（更正式），也可用复数（更口语化）。但在现代英语中，单数形式更常见，尤其强调整体概念时，此处选is prepared 更符合语法规范和语境；第二空中，百分数 + of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，因此，第二空应为are at risk。故选B项。 3．D 【解析】考查主谓一致、非谓语动词及时态。句意：近年来，在农村地区能够使用高速互联网的人数已经稳步增加。分析句子结构可知，The number of people ______ steadily in recent years为主句，who ______ access to high-speed Internet in rural areas为定语从句，根据句中的时间状语in recent years可知，主句应用现在完成时用来描述一种持续的现象，根据语意及主句时态可知，从句应用一般现在时用来描述一种常见的事实情况；第一空，为定语从句中的谓语动词，其主语是先行词people，是复数形式，所以谓语动词应该用复数形式，即have；第二空，为主句的谓语动词，其主语是The number of people，表示“……的数量”，在语法上被视为单数，所以谓语动词应该用单数形式，即has increased。故选D项。 4．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：老师以及她的学生们对即将到来的实地考察感到兴奋。陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数与as well as之前的主语保持一致。故选A项。 5．B 【解析】考查时态，固定短语和主谓一致。句意：由于强飓风的影响，该州大约三分之二的建筑需要修复。sth. require doing是固定短语，意为“某物需要被……”，动名词的主动表被动。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语是复数，require用原形，故选B。 6．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：这个重要的农业节日发生在所有的庄稼收割完毕之后。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故选C。 7．B 【解析】考查状语从句。句意：当你检查一个给定土壤样本的颜色时，有一个简单的规则：土壤越深，肥力越强。此处为when引导的时间状语从句，且从句主语与主句主语不一致，不能省略主语，结合主句的谓语动词is可知，此处使用一般现在时，主语为第二人称，所以谓语动词使用动词原形。故选B。 8．D 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：大多数人首先决定他们想成为什么样的人，然后试图了解这（成为他们想成为的人）涉及到什么。空处为宾语从句的谓语动词。从句中主语it指代“what they want to be”，这里表达的是一般的客观事实，需要用一般现在时，且该动词和主语it之间为主动关系，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故选D。 9．D 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：缅甸官员表示，2025年3月28日发生的地震至少影响了1万人。设空一在who引导的定语从句中作谓语，先行词为people，与affect构成被动关系，根据后文on 28th March 2025可知，事情发生在过去但对现在造成了影响，故应用现在完成时的被动语态：have/has been done，主语为people，助动词用have，用have been affected；设空二在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为the number of people，表示“人们的数量”为单数，谓语用第三人称单数形式故用reaches。故选D。 10．D 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致 。句意：最近，草根足球赛事“乡村超级联赛”带动了乡村旅游的显著增长，目前每月吸引游客超过50万人次。由recently可知，第一空所在句子时态用现在完成时，主语The grassroots football event “Village Super League”是单数，因此第一空是has driven；由currently可知，第二空所在句子时态用现在进行时，主语it是单数，因此第二空是is attracting。故选D。 11．A 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：博物馆正在努力接触那些受教育程度较低的访客，这些访客被鼓励去触摸和实验，以便他们自己能够发现科学原理。第一个空为主句的谓语动词，此处表示一个正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时；第二个空为定语从句的谓语动词。who指代先行词the less educated visitors，在从句中作主语。从句为陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，且encourage和主语之间为被动关系，所以一般现在时态的被动语态。故选A。 12．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：随着越来越多的人在网上发布他们的个人故事，在各种社交媒体平台上，与Citywalk相关的关键词越来越受欢迎。根据“as an increasing number of individuals post their personal stories online.”可知，随着越来越多的人在网上发布他们的个人故事，与Citywalk相关的关键词受欢迎的程度也在持续增加，应该用现在进行时来表达这种正在进行的状态。主句主语是keywords，是复数概念，be动词使用are。故选A项。 13．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在目前的消费博览会上，许多中国科技公司都展示了令人印象深刻的人形机器人。作谓语，根据上文At the present consumer expo可知为现在进行时，主语为many a Chinese tech company，“many a +单数名词”表示“许多……”，在意义上虽表示复数，但作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。 14．A 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：电子邮件和电话在日常交流中正变得越来越流行。as well as连接两个并列主语，谓语动词遵循“就远原则” 。“E-mail”为主语，故谓语动词应为单数形式，该句可表示正在发生的动作，故可用现在进行时。故选A。 15．C 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：微信以及电话在我们的日常交流中正在起着重要的作用。as well as连接两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要与as well as前面的主语保持一致，本句中主语是WeChat，为单数，所以谓语动词应用单数形式；又根据句意可知，此处表示现在正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时。故选C项。 16．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她离开家乡快十年了，现在在一家跨国公司担任经理。根据前半句“It is almost ten years since she left her hometown”可知，她离开家乡到现在已经有一段时间了，而现在她正处于在跨国公司担任经理的状态，强调现在正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时。故选C项。 17．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当他从手术室出来的时候，外科医生已经花了几个小时做了最终证明是无效的手术。本空在what引导的宾语从句中作谓语，描述过去发生的动作，所以时态用一般过去时，用prove“证明是，结果是”的过去式，故选A。 18．D 【解析】考查时态和形容词。句意：在摄影展上，这些照片采用了巧妙的技术，捕捉了罕见的自然景观，让观众着迷。and连接动词employed和captured，作谓语。所以第一个空为captured，第二个空为形容词作表语，主语为物the photos，所以形容词为ing结尾的形容词fascinating。故选D项。 19．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们一直致力于的研究证明很有价值。主语含有定语从句，此处为谓语动词，陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。故选D项。 20．A 【解析】考查强调句和时态。句意：是克莱尔和约翰逊几天前帮我们弄到了我们需要的数据。由It和句意可知，句子是强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+who/that+其余部分”，由needed可知，时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是was。故选A。 21．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：—— 看这个！我正在翻看一些旧照片时，发现了这张婴儿照片。—— 这是你的照片吗？真可爱。分析句子结构可知，该句是由and连接的两个并列句。根据句意可知，第一个空描述的是过去某个时间正在进行的动作，即“正在翻看旧照片”，应用过去进行时；第二个空描述的是过去某个时间发生的动作，即“发现了这张婴儿照片”，应用一般过去时。故选A项。 22．A 【解析】考查谓动词的时态。句意：周六下午，格林夫人去了市场，买了一些苹果，还拜访了她的表妹。分析句子结构可知，句中“went”、“设空处（buy）”和“visited”是三个并列的谓语动词，共同描述格林夫人在周六下午的一系列动作，这三个动作都发生在过去，且是先后顺承的关系，所以“buy”应用一般过去式。故选A项。 23．D 【解析】考查动词和名词。句意：当小米成功地将这款多功能台灯在国内市场推广开来时，其设计被证明是成功的。动词prove作“证明是”可看作连系动词，无被动式，其后可直接接名词作表语；a success“一件成功的事情”，此处将抽象名词具体化，指“这款多功能的台灯设计是一件成功的事”。故选D。 24．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在观众面前，当小女孩说话时，她把双手放在背后，以掩饰她们在颤抖。根据主句时态可知，用一般过去时。句中强调在说话这个过去的动作发生时，手颤抖这个动作正在进行，所以应该用过去进行时。故选B。 25．D 【解析】考查主谓一致及固定句型。 句意：每个男孩和女孩都正在我们的教室里庆祝 2024 年元旦，这时我们敬爱的校长突然走进教室，向我们传达了最美好的祝愿和期望。空处为主句的谓语动词。此处为固定句型：be doing...when...“正在做某事，这时突然……”，根据entered可知，应用过去进行时。当主语由“every...and every...”结构连接时，谓语动词用单数形式。故选D。 26．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：道尔在伦敦行医等待病人的时候写了一些早期的福尔摩斯故事。此处强调在过去某个时间段内，“等待病人”这个动作持续进行，空处使用过去进行时。故选D。 27．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——我去你家的时候你不在家。——噢，我在机场等一个来自英国的朋友。由“You were out when I dropped in at your house.”可知，空处表示在提问方来家中时，回答方正在机场等朋友，即过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，应用过去进行时。故选B。 28．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他开着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，在一个拐弯处冲出了公路。根据when及从句的谓语came可知，第一空表示过去某个时间正在做的事情，用过去进行时，He为单数，be动词用was。故选B。 29．B 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：在最近的恐怖活动期间，人们总是被警告不要触摸无人看管的袋子。be always doing sth一直在做某事，表示赞赏或埋怨的感情色彩，依据warn的用法warn sb to do可知，人们应该被警告，应用be always being done。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时，主语复数，谓语复数。故选B。 30．B 【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：——你昨天为什么不接我的电话？——因为那时我正在厨房帮我妈妈。截止日期快到了，但我还没完成作业。第一个回答昨天打电话时为何不接电话这一问题，根据时间状语“at that time”，描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，用过去进行时态was helping；第二个空处说截止日期快到了，但现在作业还没完成，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时haven’t finished。故选B项。 31．C 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：Benny是我们学校唯一一位下个月将在上海参加青少年机器人挑战赛的学生。空格处是who引导的定语从句的谓语动词，修饰先行词the only one of the students，此处需要表示“Benny是唯一一位计划下个月参加比赛的学生”，所以应该用一般将来时be to compete，且who指代的先行词the only one是单数形式，所以be动词用is。故选C。 32．A 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我们的客人和我妈妈明天早上要去参观海河，欣赏美丽的风景。根据后文tomorrow morning可知为一般将来时，together with适用就远原则，谓语与Our guest保持一致，用单数。故选A。 33．D 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：现年78岁的丹尼斯爵士表示，他的大部分藏品将在他死后留给国家。此处为that引导的从句的谓语动词，结合时间状语“after his death”可知，此处使用一般将来时表示将来的动作，结合选项可知，此处使用be to do结构，表示计划做的事情，且leave与主语his collection之间是被动关系，应用不定式的被动式to be done。故选D。 34．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：——你作业写完了吗？——还没有。我晚餐后会写完。根据后文after dinner可知表示将来的动作用一般将来时。故选A。 35．C 【解析】考查时态和宾语从句语序。句意：他一回来，我就会告诉他你什么时候会来看他。在as soon as引导的时间状语从句中，遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，从句主语he是第三人称单数，所以come要用第三人称单数形式comes；第二空位于when引导的宾语从句中，要用陈述句语序，且表示“你将会来看他”，应该用一般将来时，故第二空填you will come。故选C。 36．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：这棵柳树将要被砍倒，很快会在那里种上玫瑰。根据“and roses will soon be planted there.”可知，这棵柳树将要被砍倒，be to do结构可以表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。根据语境，这里说的是将来的计划，故选A。 37．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她早上9点出发，一小时后会到达机场。reach“到达”。根据set off和an hour later可知，and后描述过去将要发生的动作，时态应用过去将来时，and后用would reach，与set off并列，作谓语。故选B。 38．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们说他们第二天10点30分在车站与我们碰面。分析句子可知，此空考查从句谓语，主句中said是一般过去时，the next day表示将来的时间，在过去的语境中谈论将来的动作，所以宾语从句要用过去将来时，其结构为“would + 动词原形”。故选C项。 39．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：她上午9点出发，一小时后将会到达机场。分析句子可知，这里set off用的是一般过去时，说明出发这个动作发生在过去。而an hour later表示从过去的出发时间开始往后一个小时，would reach在这里表示在过去的那个时间点看来，一个小时后将会到达机场，是过去将来时，符合句子的语境和时态逻辑。故选B项。 40．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：他说他第二天要去北京。根据空前He said that he可知，空处为that引导宾语从句的谓语动词，said为一般过去时，其后宾语从句中的谓语动词需用与过去相关的时态，根据时间状语the next day可知，此处需用过去将来时，故选C。 41．B 【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：十年前的那个时候，Nancy不知道辞职会成为她未来生活的转折点。根据“ten years ago”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此从句中表示将来的动作要用过去将来时，结构是would do，故选B项。 42．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：他答应要来参加我们的聚会，可他到现在还没有露面。根据主句动词promised可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用过去时态，结合后面句子hasn’t turned up可知，此动作还未发生，应用过去将来时。故选C项。 43．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：在大学里，巴拉克·奥巴马并不知道他会成为美国第一位黑人总统。根据上文At college可知，表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或呈现的状态，应用过去将来时，为would do。故选C。 44．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：凯西今晚不能参加你的生日聚会，因为届时她将正在参加一个会议。根据后文at that time可知表示将来某个时刻正在发生，用将来进行时，故选C。 45．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：在获得广泛赞誉后，《哪吒2》的剧组人员将在未来几年致力于打造另一部热门动画。根据时间状语for years to come可知，本句为将来进行时。故选B项。 46．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：今晚我不能看脱口秀了，因为那个时候我正在做作业。do“做”，根据at that time可知，because引导的原因状语从句描述在将来某个特定时间点正在进行的动作，时态应用将来进行时，其结构为“will be+现在分词”。故选B。 47．A 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：随着人们对健身的关注，面积约5平方米的自助迷你健身房近年来在中国各大城市如雨后春笋般涌现。根据句中时间状语“these years”可知，此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在，并且有可能继续延续下去，所以应用现在完成时态，且主语“self-service mini-gyms”是复数，助动词应用“have”。故选A项。 48．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：三星堆考古发现至今仍引起人们对中华文明起源的质疑。根据句中时间状语up to now可知，用现在完成时。故选C。 49．C 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止这个学期，萨拉通过每天在镜子前练习，为参加下个月的学校辩论比赛，已经显著提高了她的公众演讲技巧。根据时间状语“so far”可知，此处为现在完成时，主语为Sarah，助动词用has。故选C。 50．C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：DeepSeek在成本方面的突破挑战了近年来推动人工智能军备竞赛的“越大越好”的传统。此处为that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语in recent years可知，此处应为现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在的影响，且drive和从句主语the “bigger is better” tradition之间为主动关系，所以此处应为现在完成时的主动语态，由tradition可知，助动词用has。故选C项。 51．A 【解析】考查动词短语的语态和时态。句意：我们不能做煎饼了，因为鸡蛋已经用完了。此处为同位语从句的谓语动词，run out意为“用完，耗尽”，无被动语态，根据句意，此处表示对现在造成的影响，所以使用现在完成时，主语为名词复数，所以从句中的谓语动词为have run out。故选A项。 52．C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：不止一个人告诉我飞机坠毁了。tell(告诉)是主句谓语动词，根据句意，“不止一个人告诉我飞机坠毁”强调的是过去发生的“告诉”这个动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时态，且“more than one+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选C项。 53．B 【解析】考查形容词词义辨析和谓语动词。句意：项目的结果是令人满意的，它使所有的团队成员都感到满意。“satisfied”通常用来形容人“感到满意的”，“satisfying”用来形容事物“令人满意的”。第一空作表语，主语“result”指物，应用“satisfying”；第二空和前面的has构成现在完成时，应用动词过去分词形式“satisfied”。故选B。 54．A 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：体育馆的设计极具创意。我们以前从未见过这种类型的建筑。根据时间状语before判断，这里表示“从前到现在”这段时间都没有见过，应该使用现在完成时。表示过去动作对现在造成的影响。故选A项。 55．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：玛丽想去机场为孙小姐送行，但当她到达那里时，却被告知孙小姐已经走了。根据上文she was told可知表示过去的过去，即离开这一动作发生在被告知之前，用过去完成时，故选A。 56．C 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：我刚打开窗户，一只鸟就飞进了我们的教室，每个学生都很兴奋。hardly had sb. done sth. when...是固定句型，意为“刚一……就……”，hardly位于句首，引起部分倒装，因此空格处是hardly had I opened，故选C。 57．D 【解析】考查时态和固定短语。句意：Mrs. Jones很生气，因为她已经修好的扫地机又坏了。她使扫地机被修，have sth. done是固定短语，意为“使某物被……”，修理扫地机的动作在was annoyed前发生，因此空格处是had had repaired，第一个had是助动词，第二个had是实义动词。故选D。 58．B 【解析】考查时态。句意：这是他第一次和寄宿家庭住在一起。It was the first time that...为固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，根据was可知，该句型中that从句需用过去完成时，表示在过去的某个时间点之前已经完成的动作。故选B项。 59．A 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这是她第二次和队友们一起攀登珠穆朗玛峰。本句为固定句型“It was the+序数词+time that...”，that从句应用过去完成时，表示“到过去某个时间为止已经完成的动作”，即had climbed。故选A。 60．D 【解析】考查形容词辨析和时态。句意：她脸上惊讶的表情表明她之前不知道这件事。分析句子可知，第一空，look意为“表情”，是与人相关的，要用surprised来修饰，surprised look表示“惊讶的表情”，而surprising是用来形容事物的，意为“令人惊讶的”，所以第一空填surprised。第二空，suggest在这里是“表明”的意思，不是“建议”，因此宾语从句不用虚拟语气。根据语境，她脸上惊讶的表情表明她在之前不知道这件事，“不知道”这个动作发生在suggested 之前，是过去的过去，应该用过去完成时hadn’t known。故选D项。 61．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：到老师收论文时，大多数学生已经将草稿提交到了在线平台。根据从句By the time the teacher asked for the essays可知，主句动作发生在“asked”之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故选B。 62．A 【解析】考查时态。句意：当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始10分钟了。“by the time”引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去完成时，表示 “过去的过去”，即电影开始的动作发生在“到达电影院”这个过去动作之前。故选A项。 63．B 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：当罗伯特到达三楼时，他发现自己没带钥匙，然后想起自己把钥匙忘在了车里。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，结合句意，leave发生在谓语动词remembered之前，所以此处使用过去完成时态。故选B项。 64．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：——打扰了，你在等哪部电影？——《阿凡达》。我们已经在这里等了两个多小时了。根据问句和时间状语“for more than two hours”可知，该句表示从过去到现在一直持续的动作，并且动作还在继续，故应用现在完成进行时。故选D。 65．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：格林先生已经连续不间断地写他的阅读报告三个小时了；他现在一定很累了。write(写)是谓语动词，根据时间状语“for three hours without a break”以及“he must be tired now”可推知，格林先生从过去开始写报告一直持续到现在，并且这个动作可能还会继续，所以用现在完成进行时强调动词一直进行。故选D项。 66．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：狗已经叫了大约两个小时了。我真的希望它能尽快停止。根据时间状语for about two hours和“I really hope it will stop soon.”可知，狗叫这个动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，并且可能仍在继续的动作，所以用现在完成进行时。故选D。 67．D 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：——你认为Charles适合这个职位吗？——当然，在过去的一个月里，我一直在密切关注他，对他的工作非常满意。根据“during the past month”可知，此处表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，可能仍然要继续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选D。 68．B 【解析】考查时态，主谓一致和非谓语动词。句意：在过去的十年里，该实验室的研究人员一直致力于开发可持续材料，他们的发现引起了全球对环保创新的关注。由“For the past decade”可知，第一空所在句子时态用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语researchers是复数，因此助动词用have；第一空处是谓语，第二空用非谓语动词，findings和draw之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词构成独立主格结构，故选B。 69．C 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究团队从去年开始就一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，但他们还没有发现任何结果。第一个空，根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处表示从去年开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能继续持续下去，因此应用现在完成进行时，即has been studying，表示研究团队从去年开始一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，强调动作的延续性。第二个空，根据“yet”可知，此处表示到目前为止还没有发现任何结果，应用现在完成时，即haven’t found。故选C。 70．C 【解析】考查时态。句意：汤姆过去三天一直在车间工作。根据句中时间状语over the last three days可知，句子时态是现在完成进行时，work“工作”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去，又因主语Tom是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故选C。 71．D 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：Smith先生一直在写一本书，可能下个月就能写完。根据will probably be completed next month可知，Mr Smith一直在写这本书，write“写”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，并将继续持续下去，句子应用现在完成进行时，又因主语是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，谓语用has been writing。故选D。 72．A 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：她是我们班中被选中参加即将举行的运动会的几名女生之一。定语从句中，谓语与先行词girls保持一致，构成被动关系，表示过去的动作对现在的影响用现在完成时的被动语态，故选A。 73．D 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：截至上月底，这款创新的软件系统连同详细的用户手册已分发给全球数千家公司。由by the end of last month可知，句子时态用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，软件系统被分发，因此空格处用过去完成时的被动语态had been distributed。故选D。 74．D 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：他惊讶地发现，在过去的几年里，他的家乡已经变成了一座现代化的城市。此处为宾语从句的谓语动词，主句谓语动词was surprised为一般过去时，而“transform”的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时；且主语hometown与谓语动词transform之间是被动关系，故应使用过去完成时的被动语态。故选D项。 75．C 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：未来几周将进行一系列实验，以测试这种新疫苗的有效性。根据 时间状语in the coming weeks可知，句子时态应该是一般将来时。A series of experiments和 conduct之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选C。 76．C 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：等到救援队伍抵达地震现场时，已有超过50名幸存者从废墟中被救出。主语over 50 survivors与谓语动词pull构成被动关系，根据上文By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site可知为过去完成时的被动语态，故选C。 77．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：李老师，我们的校长，建议举行一些活动来庆祝我们学校12周年。recommend“建议”，其后的宾语从句要用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略；本句中“that some activities ________ to celebrate the 12th anniversary of our school”为recommend的宾语从句，从句主语“some activities”与动词“hold”为动宾关系，所以空处用被动语态“should be+过去分词”，选项C符合题意。故选C。 78．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：老板要求所有的论文都要按时交上来。demand表示要求所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) +原形动词，should可省略；且此处paper与hand in构成被动关系，故用be handed in。故选B。 79．A 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在温暖的天气里，水果和肉类不易长时间保存。本句陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。keep意为“保持不坏”，为不及物动词，没有被动语态。故选A。 80．A 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：他选择回到家乡被证明是他人生的转折点，这使得他的事业取得了巨大的进步。“prove”作为连系动词，表示“证明是，结果是”，通常用主动形式表达被动意义。根据句意以及which引导的定语从句的谓语动词led可知，这里描述的是过去的一个事实，因此使用一般过去时。故选A项。 81．C 【解析】考查现在完成时，与语态。句意：在过去的几年里，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。take place表示“发生”，无被动语态；根据句子的时间状语“in the past few years”可知，需要用现在完成时。故选C。 82．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：绵羊已经被驯化得与它们的野生祖先大不相同了，以至于很难辨认出它们。此处为固定句型：主语+be+adj.+to do，表示“做某事是……的”，identify与逻辑主语their wild ancestors构成被动关系，使用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。故选C。 83．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于有许多棘手的问题需要解决，新当选的总统要经历一段艰难的时期。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，根据句意以及下文的“he newly elected president is having a hard time”可知，新当选的总统要经历一段艰难的时期，所以，此处应为不定式形式作宾补，表示将要发生的动作，由于solve的逻辑主语为句子主语the newly elected president，所以此处使用主动形式表示被动意义。故选B项。 84．A 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：最近的一项研究称，孩子行为不端的罪魁祸首是沉迷于手机的父母。be to blame是固定短语，意为“应受责备”，主动形式表示被动含义。故选A。 85．C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析和不定式。句意：克罗塞特先生由于身体不好和年纪大而被迫放弃了教学工作。give up放弃；give in屈服，让步，根据“ because of his poor health and old age”可知此处表示“放弃”，另外，此处是make sb do的被动结构，要将省略的不定式符号to还原，即“sb. be made to do”。故选C项。 二、 1 86．B 87．A 88．D 89．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了F. Scott Fitzgerald的《了不起的盖茨比》一书，该书通过描绘20世纪20年代纽约精英阶层的生活，对美国梦进行了批判性的刻画。 86．推理判断题。根据第二段“Instead, the rich characters’ negative qualities are put on display: wastefulness, hedonism (享乐主义), and carelessness.(相反，富有人物的负面品质被展示出来：浪费、享乐主义和漫不经心)”可知，《了不起的盖茨比》中的人物的共同点是他们有不良的金钱价值观。故选B。 87．词句猜测题。根据第三段“In The Great Gatsby, love is tied to class. As a young military officer, Gatsby fell quickly for Daisy, who promised to wait for him after the war. However, any chance at a real relationship was impossible due to Gatsby’s lower social status. Instead of waiting for Gatsby, Daisy married Tom Buchanan, an old-money East Coast elite.(在《了不起的盖茨比》一书中，爱情与社会阶层紧密相连。年轻的军官盖茨比迅速爱上了黛西，黛西也承诺会在战后等他归来。然而，由于盖茨比社会地位较低，他们之间建立真正关系的任何可能性都化为泡影。黛西没有等待盖茨比，而是嫁给了汤姆·布坎南——一位出身东海岸老牌贵族家庭的富家子弟)”可知，黛西与汤姆的婚姻是“不幸福的权宜婚姻”，marriage of convenience的意思是“权宜婚姻”，和Marriage based on practical reasons意思相近。故选A。 88．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“However, at the novel’s conclusions Daisy chooses to stay with Tom despite the fact that she genuinely loves Gatsby; her reasoning is that she could not bear to lose the social status that her marriage to Tom affords her.(然而，在小说的结尾，黛西选择和汤姆在一起，尽管她真的爱着盖茨比；她的理由是她不能忍受失去她和汤姆的婚姻给她带来的社会地位)”可知，黛西重视财富而不是爱情。故选D。 89．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Nothing can stop him from his belief in the possibility of dreams and romance. In fact, his entire pursuit of wealth and influence as carried out in hopes of making his dreams come true. However, Gatsby’s single-minded pursuit of those dreams—particularly his pursuit of the idealized Daisy—is the quality that finally destroys him.(事实上，他对财富和影响力的全部追求都是为了实现自己的梦想。然而，盖茨比对这些梦想的执着追求，尤其是对理想化的黛西的执着追求，是最终毁灭他的品质)”可知，现实与梦想之间的差距导致了Jay Gatsby的不幸。故选D。 2 90．C 91．C 92．A 93．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了精准农业中的一项新技术——通过实时成像技术优化农药喷洒效果，从而提高农业生产效率并减少化学物质使用。 90．细节理解题。根据第一段“Different from conventional agriculture where farmers often rely on general estimates and application of pesticides(杀虫剂)across the entire field, this technology helps farmers maximize productivity while minimizing inputs. (与传统农业不同，农民通常依赖于整个农田的总体估计和农药使用，这项技术帮助农民在最大限度地减少投入的同时最大限度地提高生产率)”可知，实时成像技术的采用是为了提高生产率。故选C项。 91．细节理解题。根据第三段“To effectively address this issue, Jayaprakash developed a two-camera system. It can be connected to typical spraying equipment and use imaging of the spraying solution on the target plants to determine what adjustments are needed. The system can be used to make changes in order to get the spray coverage “just right.”(为了有效地解决这个问题，Jayaprakash开发了一个双摄像头系统。它可以连接到典型的喷洒设备，并使用喷洒溶液在目标植物上的成像来确定需要进行哪些调整。该系统可用于进行更改，以使喷雾覆盖范围“刚刚好”。)”可知，双摄像头系统是通过实时调整，提高喷雾效率来工作的。故选C项。 92．推理判断题。根据第四段“Susan Scheufele, a researcher at the University of Massachusetts, has conducted field trials with this technology on vegetable crops. In trials for removing cotton leaves, it has shown positive results even when used at 50% of the minimum application rate that is recommended on the product label. (马萨诸塞大学的研究员Susan Scheufele已经在蔬菜作物上进行了这项技术的田间试验。在去除棉花叶片的试验中，即使使用产品标签上建议的最低施用量的50%，也显示出积极的效果。)”可知，该试验的结论是该技术可行，成本较低。故选A项。 93．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The primary benefit of precision agriculture methods lies beyond cost savings. Despite the fact that this technology still has a long way to go, its adoption ensures that chemical remains in crops are well below harmful levels, safeguarding ecosystems and food safety. (精准农业方法的主要好处不仅仅在于节省成本。尽管这项技术还有很长的路要走，但它的采用确保了作物中的化学残留远远低于有害水平，从而保护了生态系统和食品安全。)可知，作者对精准农业的态度是支持的。故选B项。 三、 94．to be 95．means 96．and 97．interesting 98．that 99．were created 100．happiness 101．the 102．visitors 103．their 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国传统节日——重阳节（Double Ninth Festival或Chongyang Festival）的相关习俗和文化内涵。 94．考查不定式。句意：在汉语中，九被认为是阳的数字。sth. is thought to be意为“某物被认为是……”，因此空格处用不定式to be，故填to be。 95．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：九月初九是有两个阳数的日子，“重”在中文里是双的意思。空处为主句谓语动词，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“chong”是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填means。 96．考查连词。句意：在这一天，人们会吃重阳糕、喝菊花酒、爬山、赏菊花。eat Chongyang cake, drink chrysanthemum (菊花) wine, climb mountains和enjoy chrysanthemums之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 97．考查形容词。句意：这些有趣的活动增添了重阳节的欢乐。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词activities，activities是活动，因此用ing结尾的形容词interesting修饰，意为“有趣的”，故填interesting。 98．考查主语从句。句意：据说爬山可以预防疾病。It is said that...是固定句型，意为“据说”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句，故填that。 99．考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：唐代（618-907）的诗人创作了许多著名的诗歌，描述了登山的场景和感受。由by可知，句子用被动语态，且描述过去的事情，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语poems是复数，因此空格处是were created。故填were created。 100．考查名词。句意：现在，家人或好朋友聚在一起爬山，享受大自然的美丽，分享节日的快乐。空格处用名词happiness作宾语，happiness意为“快乐”。故填happiness。 101．考查定冠词。句意：由于菊花在节日期间盛开，在公园里欣赏菊花是一种乐趣。此处用定冠词the特指重阳节这个节日，故填the。 102．考查名词的复数。句意：举办大型菊花展览，吸引了大批游客。空格前有a large number of，空格处用复数，故填visitors。 103．考查物主代词。句意：现在，一些人仍然在这一天在他们的房子里挂茱萸。they和houses之间是所属关系，因此用their修饰houses，故填their。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$