专题08 语法知识之情态动词(虚拟语气)-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题08 语法知识之情态动词(虚拟语气) I.情态动词基本用法 情态动词 用 法 否定式 疑问式 简答式 can 能力（体力，智力，技能） 允许或许可（口语中常用） 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必须，应该（表主观要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? to. Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should） ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉 will not/won’t do Will/Would…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Did…use to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. II.情态动词的重点知识 表示“能力、许可”的can和may 表示能力的情态动词用can/could A computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not 表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。 ①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______ A.will B.could C.may D.might ②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself. A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/may C.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t 在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 表示“推断、判断”的can may,must 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。 Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A.must B.may C.can D.will 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性： Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times. 在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。 Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may 在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。 He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now? He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now? need need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。 dare dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。 If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether he dare say. 注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句） Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句） shall 用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。 You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺 He shall be punished.威胁 should 劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。 You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble. will/would 请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。 Would you pass me the book? 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that again would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 During the vacation he would visit me every week The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合） would表示估计或猜想。 It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? 情态动词+have done的用法 could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。 You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。 He cannot have been to that town. can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。 Can he have got the book? might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。 He may not have finished the work. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。 其否定式为：cannot have done。 You must have seen the film. You cannot have seen the film. needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。 You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain. 注意：didn’t need to(have to)do： 没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago. should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。 You should have started earlier, but you didn’t. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I worked to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推测） III.虚拟语气 类 别 用 法 例 句 If引导的 条件从句 与现在事实相反 从句动词：过去式（be用were） 主句动词：should/would/could/might+do If he were here, he would help us. 与过去事实相反 从句动词：had+done 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done If I had been free,I would have visited you. 与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 省略if的虚拟条件句 将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装 ①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up. ②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you. 混合虚拟条件句 不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则 ①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. ②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now. ③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则 ①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago. 含蓄虚拟 条件句 but for+名词表示虚拟条件 句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。 ---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble. ---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got without+名词表示虚拟条件 Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold. 动词不定式表示虚拟条件 It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。 现在分词表示虚拟条件 Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。 过去分词表示虚拟条件 Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。 副词otherwise表示虚拟条件 I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。 连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件 He _____fatter but he eats too little . A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 其它 状语从句 as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。 注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气： 当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时： It sounds as if it is raining．听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 ①与现在事实相反 He talks as if he knew where she was． ②与过去事实相反 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③与将来事实相反 He opened his mouth as if he would say something. in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. 宾语从句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+do He suggested that we not change our mind. wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 I wish I could be a pop singer. I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month. 主语从句 在It is necessary / important / strange that… It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中， 谓语动词用should+do It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 其它 句型中 It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+do It’s high time that we left/should leave. would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! 一、单项选择 1．It is relatively warm in Tianjin especially in Spring, but it sometimes ________ be windy. A．must B．can C．would D．should 2．— It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos. — Don’t count on it too much. It ______ break down and you’d better make a copy of them. A．must B．may C．should D．will 3．Mr. Smith ________ to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. A．can’t have gone B．mustn’t have gone C．needn’t have gone D．shouldn’t have gone 4．According to the school rules, no student ______ go out of school after 11:00 pm without permission. A．will B．shall C．must D．may 5．Few people come to the coastal town in winter, so there ________ be any difficulty finding somewhere to stay. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 6．My pain________ obvious the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked: “Are you feeling all right?” A．might have been B．should have been C．must have been D．could have been 7．Why ________ you put your parents on the spot like this, ________ them to choose between maintaining face in front of relatives and supporting your decisions, especially when they are already struggling to balance traditional expectations with your desire for independence? A．would; screaming B．would; compelling C．must; screaming D．must; compelling 8．“What else?” asked Laurie, pressing me for more excuses to refuse his proposal. “Nothing more, ________ I don’t believe I ________ ever marry. I’m happy as I am, and love my liberty too well to be in any hurry to give it up for any mortal man.” A．given that; shall B．except that; shall C．given that; could D．except that; could 9．At the annual Family Feast Symposium, researchers presented a fascinating finding: When measured by emotional satisfaction, even luxury ingredients like Japanese A5 Wagyu steak ______ never truly be ______ the humble dish made by your loved ones. A．could; competitive with B．might; competitive to C．might; competitive with D．could; competitive to 10．Mr. Wang ________ be in the office. The light is still on. — No, he ________ be. Because he phoned me from the farm just now. A．may, mustn’t B．mustn’t, mustn’t C．can, can’t D．must, can’t 11．With all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night. Who did you see then? A．mustn’t go B．shouldn’t have gone C．could not go D．couldn’t have gone 12．Reflecting on what Walter Scott wrote in his novel Rob Roy, we may find even white lies have results we know in advance. A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 13．You __________ be too careful when doing the experiments. Every step will make a difference. A．may not B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 14．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．may not 15．Though it _______ sound strange, this thin layer of ice can actually keep the fruit warm. A．may B．must C．should D．need 16．Our team ________ have won the football match, but I’m not sure because I wasn’t there. A．may B．could C．should D．that 17．She ________ delighted when she received the letter from her mother. A．can be B．should be C．must have been D．should have been 18．Leslievat the company before 9 a.m. yesterday, but the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) broke down. A．couldn’t have arrived B．needn’t have arrived C．should have arrived D．might have arrived 19．If this article ________ in the newspaper, which section should it _______? A．will appear; be belonged to B．is appeared; belong to C．appears; be belonged to D．appears; belong to 20．The woman must be our teacher, _______ she? A．mustn't B．must C．isn't D．doesn't 21．— Could I borrow your book? — Yes, of course you ________. A．can’t B．can C．could D．need 22．When she worked in London, she ___________ go to that coffee shop every afternoon. A．would B．should C．might D．had better 23．—The tall woman dressed in red over there looks like our English teacher. —It be her. She has gone abroad. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 24．The manager ________ Johnson was worth it so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A．would think B．must have thought C．should have thought D．could think 25．You such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words. A．would have written B．couldn’t have written C．should have written D．needn’t have written 26．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．won’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 27．Don’t get this kind of ink on your white blouse, for it ________ wash out. A．won’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 28．—You really __________ have come by subway, so you would have arrived in time! —Yes, we __________ have but we took the wrong train. A．must; could B．needed; should C．might; should D．should; could 29．The play __________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture and you __________ as well take part in it. A．produced; can B．being produced; should C．to be produced; might D．to be produced; must 30．Mr Xu be in Beijing because I saw him in Tianjin only a few minutes ago. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．may not 31．This X-ray machine ________ work, so it needs ________for further use. A．does; to repair B．doesn’t; repaired C．won’t; repairing D．would; to be repaired 32．If he started at six o’ clock, he be home now. A．can B．need C．ought to D．has to 33．It have rained last night, for the ground is wet. A．must B．can C．should D．would 34．— She ________ be ashamed of herself - talking to her mother so rudely. — Not necessarily. Maybe she’s not aware (意识到的) of it. A．ought to B．dare to C．need to D．have to 35．According to the school rules, no student ______ go out of the school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission. A．will B．shall C．must D．should 36．When I lived in the village with my grandparents, my grandpa and I ______  go fishing in a clear stream in the afternoon. A．will B．can C．could D．would 37．It’s usually hot in summer in Chongqing and it __________ be incredibly cold in winter. A．may B．must C．should D．can 38．He ______ it by himself, for there was no one else in the room to turn to. A．must have done B．would have done C．need have done D．could have done 39．— Was it you who called me at about I1:00 last night? — No, I was already fast asleep by then. It someone else. A．would have been B．would be C．must have been D．must be 40．The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you ________ try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! A．shall B．will C．must D．can 41．—Must I finish the report tonight? —No, you ________. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 42．-- ________ I finish the work right now? -- No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. A．May B．Can C．Might D．Must 43．Three years later my husband got another new job in another city, so we________move again. A．have to B．had to C．will have to D．must 44．—I like shopping online because I ________ spend a lot of time from shop to shop. —But I enjoy the pleasure of hanging out. A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 45．In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A．could have facilitated B．could facilitate C．must have facilitated D．may have facilitated 46．If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food since the ______ of civilization, the development of large settlements and trade networks ______ impossible. A．breakthrough; could have been B．origin; should have been C．dawn; would have been D．phenomenon; might have been 47．________ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A．Jack has known B．Had Jack known C．Should Jack know D．If Jack known 48．I was busy finishing my paper that day, otherwise I ________ there with them. A．would have gone B．would go C．shall have gone D．will go 49．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 50．It is important that you ________ the rules when doing experiments in the lab. A．following B．followed C．follow D．will follow 51．For the sake of security, it is quite natural and necessary that this dialogue _______ recorded. A．will be B．should be C．is D．would be 52．Now that Jennifer couldn’t attend the meeting,______ her place? A．who do you suggest that take B．who do you suggest take C．whom do you suggest should take D．who you suggest that takes 53．Our manager suggested the problem ______at once. A．referred to be solved B．referred to solving C．referred to was solved D．referred to must be solved 54．She is so keen on using filters to beautify her selfies that she looks as if she________ten years younger. A．was B．is C．has been D．were 55．____ by those she trusted feels as if the world ____ turning its back on her. A．Being let down; were B．Let down; was C．Having let down; was D．Letting down; were 56．A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that measures ________ to raise the citizens’ awareness of traffic safety. A．would take B．must be taken C．should take D．be taken 57．The request that students ______ the campus lawn was disregarded by many, which prompted the administration to ______ severe warnings. A．are kept off; issue B．keep off; issue C．are kept off; release D．keep off; release 58．He always sits in class, nodding occasionally as if he , but his thoughts are obviously elsewhere. A．listens B．is listening C．were listening D．had listened 59．The wind blew through the trees gently it were saying something. A．so that B．because C．even if D．as if 60．John talked as if he ______ all the work himself, but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it. A．did B．had done C．has done D．do 61．_______ the severe air pollution, it’s time we _______ measures to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. A．On account of; take B．Despite; should take C．Account for; should take D．Due to; took 62．It is high time that you ________ importance to your academic achievements. A．attach B．attached C．attaching D．to attach 63．If only he_____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A．lies B．lay C．had lain D．should lie 64．—Could I borrow your Louis Armstrong record, please? —I’d love to get it for you _____ I could remember who last borrowed it. A．except that B．on condition C．if only D．now that 65．_______ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination. A．May B．Could C．Might D．Would 二、阅读理解 1 If you have gone to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” recently, you might be impressed by the intelligent computer MOSS. It can make the reasonable decision in the shortest time based on the given conditions. In fact, such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for the time being. However, weaker AI, which replaces human processing in a specific field, has already influenced our daily life. For example, OpenAI, the San Francisco-based startup opened up the language model ChatGPT for public testing in November 2022. Compared with traditional search engines, which display simple results according to searching keywords, ChatGPT can interact with people just like dialoguing, answer professional questions, and also answer follow-up questions. Thanks to its revolutionary user experience, ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after its release. More than a Chatbot, ChatGPT can also realize article creation, code generating and other functions only by requesting. ChatGPT can even write code such as Python, debug (排错) code and generate comments for code just like a professional programmer. It also presented strong capacity in content continuation, literary creation, music creation, etc. It is so powerful that New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices. However, ChatGPT is still far from perfect. Even OpenAI’s CEO once said, “It’s a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now. It’s a preview of progress. We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳健性) and truthfulness.” Even though AI like ChatGPT still has a long way to go, predictions about how the technology will influence our society are already there. Among the industries that may be most affected by ChatGPT, experts say, are journalism, law and translation. 66．Why is the movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the movie is a hit. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To snow how intelligent MOSS is. D．To advertise the movie. 67．Which statement about ChatGPT will the author probably agree with? A．It makes human-machine interaction more intelligent. B．It can just display simple results content. C．It should be banned from all school networks. D．It’s well-received for its truthfulness. 68．What does the OpenAI’s CEO think of ChatGPT? A．Its stability needs improving. B．Its power is beyond control. C．Its progress needs speeding up. D．Its truthfulness has received recognition. 69．What is the best title for the text? A．Moss Beats ChatGPT B．ChatGPT Sells Well C．AI Takes Over D．ChatGPT Works 2 Chocolate, a beloved treat worldwide, is often criticized for its high sugar content and environmental impact. However, Swiss researchers have pioneered a new method to produce healthier and more eco-friendly chocolate by making the best of the entire cocoa fruit instead of wasting most of it. Traditionally, only cocoa seeds are used, leaving the fruit’s pulp (果肉) and outer shell as waste. The new approach extracts (提取) natural sweetness from the cocoa fruit itself, not requiring added sugar. Scientists found that the fruit's juice contains 14% sugar, which is concentrated into juice and mixed with pulp to form a gel (凝胶). This gel replaces sugar in chocolate production while boosting fiber content. The traditional system of cocoa production in Africa and South America is not environmentally friendly, as reported by BBC． The industry is also suffering from the high price of cocoa beans and the poverty of the cocoa farmers. Using the entire fruit could help deal with these two issues. Developing the perfect recipe required wide-ranging testing. Trained experts evaluated various mixtures, balancing pulp quantities to avoid too thick or not sweet enough results. Beyond health benefits like regulating blood sugar and reducing fat intake, the method ensures a way that doesn’t use up or harm the earth’s resources. Cocoa farming in Africa and South America faces issues like destroying forests and farmer poverty. By processing the whole fruit locally, farmers gain extra income and job opportunities. Major chocolate companies are adopting parts of this approach, though none have fully removed sugar. Roger Wehrli encouraged producers to accept the method, stating it could find new and better ways to improve the industry. By 2025, the European Union will no longer allow cocoa that harms forests, which may reshape global supply chains. Roger Wehrli also noted, “Using the whole fruit benefits both farmers and the planet — it’s economically and ecologically promising.” 70．What is the advantage of the new chocolate-making method? A．It increases sugar content. B．It lowers production costs. C．It helps chocolate taste better. D．It improves health benefits. 71．What is special about the new method in paragraph 2? A．Adding melon extract for sweetness. B．Processing cocoa fruits to form a gel. C．Using the natural juice from cocoa seeds. D．Reducing the amount of cocoa beans used. 72．What is a key benefit of processing the entire cocoa fruit locally? A．It raises the global price of cocoa beans. B．It increases job opportunities for local workers. C．It provides additional income and employment for farmers. D．It increases the chance of forest destruction in cocoa-growing areas. 73．What does the last paragraph aim to show? A．The different attitudes of companies. B．The problems with the chocolate industry. C．The challenges of adopting new methods. D．The advantages brought by the new approach. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Master Mfaume, who heads the biggest kung fu temple in Tanzania, has become a social-media sensation, with short films of himself and his students 74 (show) off lightning moves. TikTok videos 75 display them whizzing along aisles or fighting bullies have won 184,000 76 (like). Master Mfaume says more and more Tanzanians try to take up the sport. “People are starting to learn kung fu eagerly, and 77 number of students is increasing significantly.” Kung fu was 78 (original) brought to Africa in the 1970s by a Chinese known as Mr. Ming. He popularized Bruce Lee’s martial arts, 79 (screen) films in shabby cinemas in South Africa, where audiences loved his message of equality, cheering as he destroyed the offensive sign in the film. Since then, kung fu evolved 80 a distinct African film style. Nollywood, Nigeria’s film industry, 81 (produce) numerous low-budget kung fu movies. Kung fu clubs are opening across the continent, from Cape Town’s Shaolin Kung Fu Institute of South Africa to the Ten Tigers of Nile Chinese Wushu Kung Fu Training Club in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa. Zambia recently hosted the first African Shaolin Kung Fu Games, with over 150 82 (fight) from 23 countries. 83 (root) in the traditions of Chinese culture, kung fu has become a global phenomenon celebrated and adapted by communities across Africa. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题08 语法知识之情态动词(虚拟语气) I.情态动词基本用法 情态动词 用 法 否定式 疑问式 简答式 can 能力（体力，智力，技能） 允许或许可（口语中常用） 可能性（表猜测，用于否定句或疑问句中） can not / cannot /can’t do Can…do…? Yes,…can. No,…can’t. could couldn’t do may 可以（问句中表示请求） 可能，或许（表推测） 祝愿（用于倒装句中） may not do May…do…? Yes,…may. No,…mustn’t/can’t. might might not do Might…do…? Yes,…might No,…might not. must 必须，应该（表主观要求） 肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测） must not/mustn’t do Must…do…? to. Yes,…must. No,…needn’t/don’t have have to 只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态和人称的变化） don’t have to do Do…have to do…? Yes,…do. No,…don’t. ought to 应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should） ought not to/oughtn’t to do Ought…to do…? Yes,…ought. No,…oughtn’t. shall 用于一三人称征求对方意见 用于二三人称表示许诺、命令、警告、威胁等 shall not/shan’t do Shall…do…? Yes,…shall. No,…shan’t. should 应当，应该（表义务责任） 本该（含有责备意味） should not/shouldn’t do Should…do…? will 意愿，决心 请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉 will not/won’t do Will/Would…do…? Yes,…will. No,…won’t. would would not/wouldn’t do dare 敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中） dare not/daren’t do Dare…do…? Yes,…dare. No,…daren’t. need 需要,必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中） need not/needn’t do Need…do…? Yes,…must. No,…needn’t. used to 过去常常（现在已不再） used not/usedn’t/usen’t to do didn’t use to do Used…to do…? Did…use to do…? Yes,…used. No,…use(d)n’t. Yes,…did. No,…didn’t. II.情态动词的重点知识 表示“能力、许可”的can和may 表示能力的情态动词用can/could A computer_____think for itself; it must be told what to do. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.may not D.might not 表示许可时用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在问句中用could…?或might…？ 以使口气委婉客气，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口气明确（must表示一定，必须，mustn’t表示禁止，不许可）。 ①—Could I call you by your first name? —Yes, you______ A.will B.could C.may D.might ②Johnny, you_____play with the knife, you_____hurt yourself. A.won’t/can’t B.mustn’t/may C.shouldn’t/must D.can’t/shouldn’t 在肯定句中could不可以用来表示过去某一特定场合的能力，而要用was/were able to。 The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_____get out. A.had to B.would C.could D.was able to 表示“推断、判断”的can may,must 在肯定句中都可以用来表示可能。在含义上must语气最肯定,may表示的是事实上的可能性。 Peter______come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. A.must B.may C.can D.will 而can表示的是逻辑上的可能性： Mary is in poor health. She can be ill at any times. 在否定句中只能用can和may。所以can’t时用以代替mustn’t，语气比may更肯定。中文可以翻译为不可能。 Michael______be a policeman, for he’s much too short. A.needn’t B.can’t C.should D.may 在疑问句只能用can，不能用may和must。 He may be very busy now. Can he be very busy now? He must be very busy now. Can he be very busy now? need need作为情态动词只有一种形式，只用于否定句和疑问句。 dare dare作为情态动词用时有两种形式：dare和dared两个词形，除了可以用于否定句和疑问句外，还可以用于条件从句或表示怀疑的句子中。 If he dare come,I will kick him out. I don’t know whether he dare say. 注意:He doesn’t dare(to)answer the question.（否定句） Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑问句） shall 用于第一人称：征求对方的意见。 What shall we do this evening? 用于第二、三人称：警告、命令、允诺、威胁等。 You shall fail if you don’t work harder. 警告 He shall have the book when I finish reading.允诺 He shall be punished.威胁 should 劝告、建议、命令、应该做、道义上的责任。 You should(ought to) go to class right away. I should(ought to) help him because he is in trouble. will/would 请求、建议，would比will委婉客气。 Would you pass me the book? 表示意志、愿望和决心。 I will never do that again. They asked us if we would do that again would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。 During the vacation he would visit me every week The wound would not heal.（伤口老是不能愈合） would表示估计或猜想。 It would be about ten when he left home. What would she be doing there? 情态动词+have done的用法 could+have done：本可以做而实际上未能做。 You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. cannot+ have done：表示对现在或过去行为的否定推测。 He cannot have been to that town. can+主语+ have done：表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定（用在疑问句中）。 Can he have got the book? might(may)+ have done：对过去发生的行为不太肯定的推测。 He may not have finished the work. If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier. must+ have done：对过去发生的行为肯定的推测。 其否定式为：cannot have done。 You must have seen the film. You cannot have seen the film. needn’t+ have done：本来不必要做的而实际上又做了。 You needn’t have watered the flowers,for it is going to rain. 注意：didn’t need to(have to)do： 没有必要做而实际上也没有做 I didn’t need to clean the windows.My sister did it 2 hours ago. should(ought to)+ have done：本来应该做而实际上又没有做。其否定形式表示某中行为不该发生却发生了。 You should have started earlier, but you didn’t. She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I worked to use it. 注意：He should have finished the work by now.（表推测） III.虚拟语气 类 别 用 法 例 句 If引导的 条件从句 与现在事实相反 从句动词：过去式（be用were） 主句动词：should/would/could/might+do If he were here, he would help us. 与过去事实相反 从句动词：had+done 主句动词：should/would/could/might+have+done If I had been free,I would have visited you. 与将来事实相反 从句动词：过去式/should+动词原形/were+to do 主句动词：should/would/could/might+动词原形 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 省略if的虚拟条件句 将虚拟条件从句中的were，had,should放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装 ①Should he come ,tell him to ring me up. ②Were I you,I would not do it. ③Had I been free,I would have visited you. 混合虚拟条件句 不同时间的虚拟：各遵守各的规则 ①If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now. ②If he had told me yesterday,I should know what to do now. ③If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party. 虚拟与陈述的混合：各遵守各的规则 ①He could have passed the exam,but he wasn’t careful enough. ②You should have come earlier.The bus left a moment ago. 含蓄虚拟 条件句 but for+名词表示虚拟条件 句子或主句中的谓语动词的形式视具体情况而定。这是考查考生应变能力的最佳试题。 ---But for your timely warning,we ______ into great trouble. ---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got without+名词表示虚拟条件 Without the air to hold some of the sun's heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold. 动词不定式表示虚拟条件 It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用这种方式，仅仅对了一半。 现在分词表示虚拟条件 Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.要是及时得知的话，我们也许能阻止这场事故。 过去分词表示虚拟条件 Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的话，这树本来可以长的更好。 副词otherwise表示虚拟条件 I was too busy at that time.Otherwise,I would have called you.我当时太忙，否则我就给你打电话了。 连词but连接的句子表示虚拟条件 He _____fatter but he eats too little . A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 其它 状语从句 as if/as though引导的状语从句中动词用did或had＋done或would／could／might＋do。 注意：as if/as though引导的状语从句中也可以用陈述语气： 当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时： It sounds as if it is raining．听起来像是在下雨。 He talks as if he is drunk．从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。 ①与现在事实相反 He talks as if he knew where she was． ②与过去事实相反 He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. ③与将来事实相反 He opened his mouth as if he would say something. in order that/so that引导的状语从句中动词用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly. 宾语从句 demand, suggest, order, insist后接的从句中动词为should+do He suggested that we not change our mind. wish后的从句中分别用过去式，过去完成式和should/would+do表示与现在，过去和将来情况相反 I wish I could be a pop singer. I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month. 主语从句 在It is necessary / important / strange that… It is suggested / demanded/ ordered / requested that…等从句中， 谓语动词用should+do It is strange that such a person should be our friends. 其它 句型中 It is time that…句型中动词用过去式或should+do It’s high time that we left/should leave. would rather所接的从句中动词用过去式或者过去完成式 I would rather you stayed at home now. If only句型中动词常用过去式或者过去完成式，表示强烈的愿望 If only our dream had come true! 一、单项选择 1．It is relatively warm in Tianjin especially in Spring, but it sometimes ________ be windy. A．must B．can C．would D．should 2．— It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos. — Don’t count on it too much. It ______ break down and you’d better make a copy of them. A．must B．may C．should D．will 3．Mr. Smith ________ to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. A．can’t have gone B．mustn’t have gone C．needn’t have gone D．shouldn’t have gone 4．According to the school rules, no student ______ go out of school after 11:00 pm without permission. A．will B．shall C．must D．may 5．Few people come to the coastal town in winter, so there ________ be any difficulty finding somewhere to stay. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 6．My pain________ obvious the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked: “Are you feeling all right?” A．might have been B．should have been C．must have been D．could have been 7．Why ________ you put your parents on the spot like this, ________ them to choose between maintaining face in front of relatives and supporting your decisions, especially when they are already struggling to balance traditional expectations with your desire for independence? A．would; screaming B．would; compelling C．must; screaming D．must; compelling 8．“What else?” asked Laurie, pressing me for more excuses to refuse his proposal. “Nothing more, ________ I don’t believe I ________ ever marry. I’m happy as I am, and love my liberty too well to be in any hurry to give it up for any mortal man.” A．given that; shall B．except that; shall C．given that; could D．except that; could 9．At the annual Family Feast Symposium, researchers presented a fascinating finding: When measured by emotional satisfaction, even luxury ingredients like Japanese A5 Wagyu steak ______ never truly be ______ the humble dish made by your loved ones. A．could; competitive with B．might; competitive to C．might; competitive with D．could; competitive to 10．Mr. Wang ________ be in the office. The light is still on. — No, he ________ be. Because he phoned me from the farm just now. A．may, mustn’t B．mustn’t, mustn’t C．can, can’t D．must, can’t 11．With all the work on hand, he to the cinema last night. Who did you see then? A．mustn’t go B．shouldn’t have gone C．could not go D．couldn’t have gone 12．Reflecting on what Walter Scott wrote in his novel Rob Roy, we may find even white lies have results we know in advance. A．shouldn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 13．You __________ be too careful when doing the experiments. Every step will make a difference. A．may not B．can’t C．mustn’t D．needn’t 14．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we _______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．can’t B．needn’t C．dare not D．may not 15．Though it _______ sound strange, this thin layer of ice can actually keep the fruit warm. A．may B．must C．should D．need 16．Our team ________ have won the football match, but I’m not sure because I wasn’t there. A．may B．could C．should D．that 17．She ________ delighted when she received the letter from her mother. A．can be B．should be C．must have been D．should have been 18．Leslievat the company before 9 a.m. yesterday, but the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) broke down. A．couldn’t have arrived B．needn’t have arrived C．should have arrived D．might have arrived 19．If this article ________ in the newspaper, which section should it _______? A．will appear; be belonged to B．is appeared; belong to C．appears; be belonged to D．appears; belong to 20．The woman must be our teacher, _______ she? A．mustn't B．must C．isn't D．doesn't 21．— Could I borrow your book? — Yes, of course you ________. A．can’t B．can C．could D．need 22．When she worked in London, she ___________ go to that coffee shop every afternoon. A．would B．should C．might D．had better 23．—The tall woman dressed in red over there looks like our English teacher. —It be her. She has gone abroad. A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．needn’t 24．The manager ________ Johnson was worth it so he offered him a lot of opportunities to get more skilled in the business. A．would think B．must have thought C．should have thought D．could think 25．You such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words. A．would have written B．couldn’t have written C．should have written D．needn’t have written 26．I’ve ordered some pizza, so we ______ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A．won’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 27．Don’t get this kind of ink on your white blouse, for it ________ wash out. A．won’t B．can’t C．shouldn’t D．mustn’t 28．—You really __________ have come by subway, so you would have arrived in time! —Yes, we __________ have but we took the wrong train. A．must; could B．needed; should C．might; should D．should; could 29．The play __________ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture and you __________ as well take part in it. A．produced; can B．being produced; should C．to be produced; might D．to be produced; must 30．Mr Xu be in Beijing because I saw him in Tianjin only a few minutes ago. A．must B．mustn’t C．can’t D．may not 31．This X-ray machine ________ work, so it needs ________for further use. A．does; to repair B．doesn’t; repaired C．won’t; repairing D．would; to be repaired 32．If he started at six o’ clock, he be home now. A．can B．need C．ought to D．has to 33．It have rained last night, for the ground is wet. A．must B．can C．should D．would 34．— She ________ be ashamed of herself - talking to her mother so rudely. — Not necessarily. Maybe she’s not aware (意识到的) of it. A．ought to B．dare to C．need to D．have to 35．According to the school rules, no student ______ go out of the school after eleven o’clock at night without the teacher’s permission. A．will B．shall C．must D．should 36．When I lived in the village with my grandparents, my grandpa and I ______  go fishing in a clear stream in the afternoon. A．will B．can C．could D．would 37．It’s usually hot in summer in Chongqing and it __________ be incredibly cold in winter. A．may B．must C．should D．can 38．He ______ it by himself, for there was no one else in the room to turn to. A．must have done B．would have done C．need have done D．could have done 39．— Was it you who called me at about I1:00 last night? — No, I was already fast asleep by then. It someone else. A．would have been B．would be C．must have been D．must be 40．The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you ________ try after the climb. It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed! A．shall B．will C．must D．can 41．—Must I finish the report tonight? —No, you ________. You can hand it in the day after tomorrow. A．mustn’t B．shouldn’t C．needn’t D．can’t 42．-- ________ I finish the work right now? -- No, you needn’t. You can complete it this afternoon. A．May B．Can C．Might D．Must 43．Three years later my husband got another new job in another city, so we________move again. A．have to B．had to C．will have to D．must 44．—I like shopping online because I ________ spend a lot of time from shop to shop. —But I enjoy the pleasure of hanging out. A．needn’t B．can’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 45．In a scenario where time was of the essence, a tele-surgery __________ the treatment process. Unfortunately, the medical staff just dismissed the option, citing concerns about connectivity issues. A．could have facilitated B．could facilitate C．must have facilitated D．may have facilitated 46．If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food since the ______ of civilization, the development of large settlements and trade networks ______ impossible. A．breakthrough; could have been B．origin; should have been C．dawn; would have been D．phenomenon; might have been 47．________ the truth, he wouldn’t have lent her any money. A．Jack has known B．Had Jack known C．Should Jack know D．If Jack known 48．I was busy finishing my paper that day, otherwise I ________ there with them. A．would have gone B．would go C．shall have gone D．will go 49．Linda ________ the experiment a month ago but changed her mind at the last minute, otherwise she ________ important data by now. A．started; would collect B．was to start; would have collected C．would start; collected D．was to start; would be collecting 50．It is important that you ________ the rules when doing experiments in the lab. A．following B．followed C．follow D．will follow 51．For the sake of security, it is quite natural and necessary that this dialogue _______ recorded. A．will be B．should be C．is D．would be 52．Now that Jennifer couldn’t attend the meeting,______ her place? A．who do you suggest that take B．who do you suggest take C．whom do you suggest should take D．who you suggest that takes 53．Our manager suggested the problem ______at once. A．referred to be solved B．referred to solving C．referred to was solved D．referred to must be solved 54．She is so keen on using filters to beautify her selfies that she looks as if she________ten years younger. A．was B．is C．has been D．were 55．____ by those she trusted feels as if the world ____ turning its back on her. A．Being let down; were B．Let down; was C．Having let down; was D．Letting down; were 56．A proposal has been put forward at a recent video conference that measures ________ to raise the citizens’ awareness of traffic safety. A．would take B．must be taken C．should take D．be taken 57．The request that students ______ the campus lawn was disregarded by many, which prompted the administration to ______ severe warnings. A．are kept off; issue B．keep off; issue C．are kept off; release D．keep off; release 58．He always sits in class, nodding occasionally as if he , but his thoughts are obviously elsewhere. A．listens B．is listening C．were listening D．had listened 59．The wind blew through the trees gently it were saying something. A．so that B．because C．even if D．as if 60．John talked as if he ______ all the work himself, but in fact Harry and Lily did most of it. A．did B．had done C．has done D．do 61．_______ the severe air pollution, it’s time we _______ measures to arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection. A．On account of; take B．Despite; should take C．Account for; should take D．Due to; took 62．It is high time that you ________ importance to your academic achievements. A．attach B．attached C．attaching D．to attach 63．If only he_____ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A．lies B．lay C．had lain D．should lie 64．—Could I borrow your Louis Armstrong record, please? —I’d love to get it for you _____ I could remember who last borrowed it. A．except that B．on condition C．if only D．now that 65．_______ every one of you succeed in passing the mid-term examination. A．May B．Could C．Might D．Would 二、阅读理解 1 If you have gone to the cinema and watched the popular movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” recently, you might be impressed by the intelligent computer MOSS. It can make the reasonable decision in the shortest time based on the given conditions. In fact, such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for the time being. However, weaker AI, which replaces human processing in a specific field, has already influenced our daily life. For example, OpenAI, the San Francisco-based startup opened up the language model ChatGPT for public testing in November 2022. Compared with traditional search engines, which display simple results according to searching keywords, ChatGPT can interact with people just like dialoguing, answer professional questions, and also answer follow-up questions. Thanks to its revolutionary user experience, ChatGPT obtained more than one million users just five days after its release. More than a Chatbot, ChatGPT can also realize article creation, code generating and other functions only by requesting. ChatGPT can even write code such as Python, debug (排错) code and generate comments for code just like a professional programmer. It also presented strong capacity in content continuation, literary creation, music creation, etc. It is so powerful that New York City public schools have banned it from their networks and school devices. However, ChatGPT is still far from perfect. Even OpenAI’s CEO once said, “It’s a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now. It’s a preview of progress. We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳健性) and truthfulness.” Even though AI like ChatGPT still has a long way to go, predictions about how the technology will influence our society are already there. Among the industries that may be most affected by ChatGPT, experts say, are journalism, law and translation. 66．Why is the movie “The Wandering Earth Ⅱ” mentioned in the first paragraph? A．To prove that the movie is a hit. B．To introduce the topic of the text. C．To snow how intelligent MOSS is. D．To advertise the movie. 67．Which statement about ChatGPT will the author probably agree with? A．It makes human-machine interaction more intelligent. B．It can just display simple results content. C．It should be banned from all school networks. D．It’s well-received for its truthfulness. 68．What does the OpenAI’s CEO think of ChatGPT? A．Its stability needs improving. B．Its power is beyond control. C．Its progress needs speeding up. D．Its truthfulness has received recognition. 69．What is the best title for the text? A．Moss Beats ChatGPT B．ChatGPT Sells Well C．AI Takes Over D．ChatGPT Works 2 Chocolate, a beloved treat worldwide, is often criticized for its high sugar content and environmental impact. However, Swiss researchers have pioneered a new method to produce healthier and more eco-friendly chocolate by making the best of the entire cocoa fruit instead of wasting most of it. Traditionally, only cocoa seeds are used, leaving the fruit’s pulp (果肉) and outer shell as waste. The new approach extracts (提取) natural sweetness from the cocoa fruit itself, not requiring added sugar. Scientists found that the fruit's juice contains 14% sugar, which is concentrated into juice and mixed with pulp to form a gel (凝胶). This gel replaces sugar in chocolate production while boosting fiber content. The traditional system of cocoa production in Africa and South America is not environmentally friendly, as reported by BBC． The industry is also suffering from the high price of cocoa beans and the poverty of the cocoa farmers. Using the entire fruit could help deal with these two issues. Developing the perfect recipe required wide-ranging testing. Trained experts evaluated various mixtures, balancing pulp quantities to avoid too thick or not sweet enough results. Beyond health benefits like regulating blood sugar and reducing fat intake, the method ensures a way that doesn’t use up or harm the earth’s resources. Cocoa farming in Africa and South America faces issues like destroying forests and farmer poverty. By processing the whole fruit locally, farmers gain extra income and job opportunities. Major chocolate companies are adopting parts of this approach, though none have fully removed sugar. Roger Wehrli encouraged producers to accept the method, stating it could find new and better ways to improve the industry. By 2025, the European Union will no longer allow cocoa that harms forests, which may reshape global supply chains. Roger Wehrli also noted, “Using the whole fruit benefits both farmers and the planet — it’s economically and ecologically promising.” 70．What is the advantage of the new chocolate-making method? A．It increases sugar content. B．It lowers production costs. C．It helps chocolate taste better. D．It improves health benefits. 71．What is special about the new method in paragraph 2? A．Adding melon extract for sweetness. B．Processing cocoa fruits to form a gel. C．Using the natural juice from cocoa seeds. D．Reducing the amount of cocoa beans used. 72．What is a key benefit of processing the entire cocoa fruit locally? A．It raises the global price of cocoa beans. B．It increases job opportunities for local workers. C．It provides additional income and employment for farmers. D．It increases the chance of forest destruction in cocoa-growing areas. 73．What does the last paragraph aim to show? A．The different attitudes of companies. B．The problems with the chocolate industry. C．The challenges of adopting new methods. D．The advantages brought by the new approach. 三、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。 Master Mfaume, who heads the biggest kung fu temple in Tanzania, has become a social-media sensation, with short films of himself and his students 74 (show) off lightning moves. TikTok videos 75 display them whizzing along aisles or fighting bullies have won 184,000 76 (like). Master Mfaume says more and more Tanzanians try to take up the sport. “People are starting to learn kung fu eagerly, and 77 number of students is increasing significantly.” Kung fu was 78 (original) brought to Africa in the 1970s by a Chinese known as Mr. Ming. He popularized Bruce Lee’s martial arts, 79 (screen) films in shabby cinemas in South Africa, where audiences loved his message of equality, cheering as he destroyed the offensive sign in the film. Since then, kung fu evolved 80 a distinct African film style. Nollywood, Nigeria’s film industry, 81 (produce) numerous low-budget kung fu movies. Kung fu clubs are opening across the continent, from Cape Town’s Shaolin Kung Fu Institute of South Africa to the Ten Tigers of Nile Chinese Wushu Kung Fu Training Club in Ethiopia’s capital, Addis Ababa. Zambia recently hosted the first African Shaolin Kung Fu Games, with over 150 82 (fight) from 23 countries. 83 (root) in the traditions of Chinese culture, kung fu has become a global phenomenon celebrated and adapted by communities across Africa. 参考答案 一、 1．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：天津相对比较暖和，尤其是在春天，但有时会有风。A. must必须；B. can可能、会；C. would(will的过去式)将，愿意；D. should应该。根据语境可知，这里是说天津在春天有时会出现有风这种情况，“can”表推测，有“可能、会”的意思，能表达出这种偶尔出现的可能性。故选B项。 2．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——有一台电脑来存储我的照片真是太好了。——别太指望它。它可能会出故障，你最好把它们复制一份。A. must必须，一定；B. may可能，也许；C. should应该；D. will想要。根据“Don’t count on it too much.”以及“you’d better make a copy of them”可知，电脑存在出故障的可能性，因此你最好做一个备份。may符合这种不确定的可能性描述。故选B。 3．A 【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意：史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因为我刚才在图书馆看到他了。A. can’t have done不可能做过某事，表示对过去情况的否定推测，符合语境，因为说话者有“刚才在图书馆看到他”这一依据，所以能确定史密斯先生不可能去了北京。B. mustn’t have done，这种结构不存在，must表推测时一般用于肯定句；C. needn’t have done本不必做某事（但实际上做了）；D. shouldn’t have done本不应该做某事（但实际上做了），均与语境不符。故选A项。 4．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根据校规，未经允许，学生不得在晚上11点后离开学校。A. will表示将来或意愿，不符合“禁止”的语义；B. shall：在正式规则或法律条文中，shall用于第三人称（如no student）表示强制性的禁止或命令；C. must表示“必须”；D. may表示“可以”。由上文“According to the school rules”可知，此处表示强制性的禁令。故选B。 5．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：冬天很少有人来这个海滨小镇，所以找地方住应该不会有什么困难。A. mustn't禁止，不允许；B. shouldn't不应该，按常理推测不会；C. can't不可能，语气较强，表否定推测；D. needn't不必，不需要。根据“Few people come to the coastal town in winter”可知，因为冬天来的人少，所以按照常理推测，找住的地方“不应该”有困难，shouldn't符合语境。故选B项。 6．C 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：在我走进房间的那一刻，我的痛苦一定很明显，因为我遇到的第一个男人同情地问我：“你感觉还好吗?”A.might have been或许是……；B. should have been本应该是……（表示本应该做某事而实际上没做）；C.  must have been一定是……（对过去事实肯定的推测）；D. could have been本能够，但实际上没有 。根据句意可知，此处表示对过去动作的肯定推测，应用must have done。故选C。 7．D 【解析】考查情态动词和动词词义辨析。句意：为什么你偏要这样让你的父母难堪，迫使他们在亲戚面前保持面子和支持你的决定之间做出选择，尤其是当他们已经在努力平衡传统期望和你对独立的渴望时？would表示“会，愿意”；must表示“必须，偏要”，带有质问或责备的意味。第一空是在强烈地质问对方为什么非要让父母处于这种两难的境地，所以must符合语境。screaming意为“尖叫”；compelling意为“强迫，迫使”。第二空描述的是让对方在两种选择之间做出决定，这是一种“迫使，强迫”的行为，用compelling，符合语境。故选D。 8．B 【解析】考查连词辨析和情态动词辨析。句意：“还有什么？劳里问，催促我找更多的理由拒绝他的求婚。“没有别的，除了我不相信自己会结婚。我现在很幸福，我太爱我的自由了，不会为了任何一个凡人而急于放弃它。” 分析第一个空：“Nothing more”表示“没有别的了”，后面接“except that”引导的从句，表示“除了……之外”，用来补充说明除了前面提到的事情之外，还有什么其他情况。“given that”表示“考虑到”，不符合语境，所以第一个空填 “except that”。分析第二个空：“shall”用于第一人称，表示将来的动作或状态，这里 “I shall ever marry”表示“我将会结婚”，是一种比较肯定的将来时态。“could”表示 “能够”或“可能”，语气相对较弱，不符合这里表达的 “我不相信我会结婚”这种比较肯定的态度，所以第二个空填“shall”。故选B项。 9．C 【解析】考查情态动词和介词。句意：在一年一度的家庭盛宴研讨会上，研究人员提出了一个有趣的发现：当以情感满足度来衡量时，即使是日本A5和牛这样奢华的食材，可能也无法真正与你爱人亲手做的普通菜肴相媲美。根据句意可知，空1：此处意为“可能”，故应用情态动词might，could与否定连用，表示“绝对不”，太绝对了，故应用might表推测；空2：此处意为“与......竞争”，表达为be competitive with，故应用介词with。故选C。 10．D 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——王老师一定在办公室，灯还亮着。——不，他不可能在。因为他刚才从农场给我打电话了。A. may可能，mustn’t禁止；B. mustn’t禁止，mustn’t禁止；C. can能够，can’t不可能；D. must一定，can’t不可能。根据“The light is still on”可知，因为灯还亮着，所以推测王老师一定在办公室，第一空用must表示对现在情况的肯定推测；又根据“Because he phoned me from the farm just now”可知，王老师刚刚从农场打电话过来，所以他不可能在办公室，第二空用“can’t”表示不可能。故选D项。 11．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：因为有很多工作，所以他昨晚不可能去电影院。根据句意可知是不可能去，表示对过去情况的否定推测，应用couldn’t have gone; mustn’t go是禁止去，shouldn’t have gone本不应该去(但实际上已经去了)，could not go是一般过去时的否定形式，表示过去没有能力或不被允许去，故选D。 12．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：回想沃尔特·斯科特在他的小说《罗布·罗伊》中所写的，我们可能会发现，即使是善意的谎言也会有我们无法提前知道的结果。A. shouldn’t不应该；B. can’t不能；C. mustn’t禁止；D. needn’t不必。根据“know in advance.”可知，我们就是没有能力预测这些后果，所以用情态动词can’t。故选B。 13．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在做这个实验时，你们愈仔细愈好。每一步都会产生影响。A. may not不可能；B. can’t不能；C. mustn’t禁止；D. needn’t不需要。根据语境，此处需表达“实验无论怎样小心也不会过分”，“can’t be too”的用法为“再……也不为过,越……越好”，故选B。 14．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我已经订了一些披萨，所以我们回家累了就不用担心做饭了。A. can’t不能；B. needn’t不必；C. dare not不敢；D. may not可能不。根据“I’ve ordered some pizza,”可知，因为已经点了披萨，所以当疲惫回家时就没必要担心做饭的问题了。故选B。 15．A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：尽管这听起来可能很奇怪，但这层薄薄的冰实际上能让水果保持温暖。A. may可能(表示可能性)；B. must必须，一定(表示必要性或强烈的推测)；C. should应该(表示建议、责任或义务)；D. need需要。根据语境，这里表达的是“听起来可能奇怪”这种不确定的可能性，用情态动词may符合语境。故选A项。 16．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我们队可能赢了足球比赛，但我不确定，因为我不在场。A. may可能，may have done表示“对过去事实可能性的推测”；B. could能够/可能，could have done表示“本能够做某事却没做”；C. should应该，should have done表示“本应该做某事却没做”；D. that在这里不能与 “have won” 构成正确的语法结构，不符合句子要求。根据“but I’m not sure because I wasn’t there.”可知，此处表示对过去事实的可能性的推测。故选A。 17．C 【解析】考查情态动词和时态。句意：当她收到母亲的信时，她肯定特别高兴。A. can be可以是；B. should be应该是；C. must have been肯定是；D. should have been本应该是。此处表示对过去发生的事情的肯定猜测，故应用must have done“肯定做过某事”，故选C。 18．C 【解析】考查“情态动词+have done”结构用法辨析。句意：莱斯利昨天上午9点前本应该到公司的，但地铁出故障了。A. couldn’t have arrived不可能已经到达；B. needn’t have arrived本不必到达(但已经到达)；C. should have arrived本应该已经到达(但未到达)；D. might have arrived可能已经到达。根据“but the MRT (Mass Rapid Transit) broke down”可推知，原本莱斯利是计划在昨天上午9点前到达公司的，也就是他本应该在这个时间到达，但因地铁故障实际未到，所以用“should have arrived”符合语境。故选C项。 19．D 【解析】考查时态。句意：如果这篇文章出现在报纸上，它应该属于哪个版块？If引导条件状语从句，主句中含有情态动词should，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句使用一般现在时，从句主语是this article，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式appears；第二空，belong to表示“属于”，短语无进行时、无被动语态，用于情态动词should之后，应用动词原形形式。故选D项。 20．C 【解析】考查情态动词和反义疑问句。句意：这位女士一定是我们的老师，不是吗？当主句使用must表示推测时，反义疑问句需根据must后的动词实际时态来确定疑问部分。根据句意，must be中的be在此处为一般现在时，因此疑问部分应与is对应。主语the woman对应代词 she，否定形式为 isn’t she。故选C。 21．B 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——我能借你的书吗？——是的，你当然可以。A. can’t不能；B. can可以，能；C. could是can的过去式，也可用于委婉语气；D. need需要。在回答“Could I...?”这类表示请求的问句时，为了使语气更自然，通常用can而不用could；根据“Yes”可知，同意借书，用you can表示“可以借”。故选B项。 22．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当她在伦敦工作时，她每天下午都会去那家咖啡店。A. would过去常常；B. should应该；C. might可能；D. had better最好。根据“go to that coffee shop every afternoon.”可知，这里表示过去的习惯动作。故选A。 23．C 【解析】考查情态动词。 句意：——那边穿红衣服的高个子女人看起来像我们的英语老师。——不可能是她。她已经出国了。A. can’t 表示“不可能”，用于有把握的否定推测，符合语境。B. shouldn’t 表示“不应该”，语气较弱，不符合有把握的否定推测。C. mustn’t 表示“禁止”，不符合语境。D. needn’t 表示“不必”，也与语境不符。根据对话内容，第二个人表示“不可能是她”，因为“她已经出国了”。这里需要一个表示有把握、否定推测的情态动词。故选C项。 24．B 【解析】考查must的用法。句意：经理一定认为约翰逊是值得的，所以他给了他很多机会，让他在业务上更加熟练。根据后半句“so he offered him a lot of opportunities (所以他给了他很多机会)”可知，经理给约翰逊机会是基于之前的一种判断，表示对过去情况肯定推测的must have thought符合题意，表示经理一定是认为约翰逊是值得的。故选B。 25．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：你本不必写这么长的文章。老师只要求300字，你却写了600字。结合“The teacher only asked for 300 words, and you have written 600 words.”可知，老师只让写300字，而实际上写了600字，所以此处表示的是“没必要写这么长的文章却写了”应为needn’t have written。故选D项。 26．B 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：我已经订了一些披萨，所以我们回家后累了就不必担心做饭了。A. won’t将不会；B. needn’t无必要；C. mustn’t禁止，不允许；D. couldn’t不能。根据句意可知，此处表示“无必要”。故选B项。 27．A 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：别把这种墨水弄到你的白衬衫上，因为它将洗不掉。A. won’t不会，将不会；B. can’t不能，不会；C. shouldn’t不应该；D. mustn’t不允许，不准。此处用于表示对习惯性动作的否定，应用won’t。故选A。 28．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你本应该坐地铁来的，那样你就能准时到达了！——是的，我们确实应该那样，但我们坐错了火车。A. must (have come); could (have)一定（已经来了）；本可以；B. needed (have come); should (have)本需要（来）；本应该；C. might (have come); should (have)本可能（来）；本应该；D. should (have come); could (have)本应该（来）；本可以。第一个空需要一个表达建议，表示“本应该来”，用should have come。第二空表示“本可以”，表示对过去事情的虚拟，应该用could。故选D。 29．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词、情态动词 。句意：下个月拍摄的戏剧主要是为了反映当地文化，您不妨参与其中。A. produced; can被拍摄；能；B. being produced; should正被拍摄；应该；C. to be produced; might被拍摄；可能；D. to be produced; must被拍摄；必须。and前的句子谓语为aims，第一空为非谓语动词，且play与produce“拍摄”为被动关系，而且表示将来，应用不定式的被动式。第二空，might as well do sth.“不妨做某事”为固定短语，第二空用might符合题意。故选C。 30．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：徐先生不可能在北京，因为我几分钟前在天津见过他。A. must必须，一定，表示命令或肯定推测；B. mustn’t禁止，表示禁止；C. can’t不能，不可能，表示能力或否定推测；D. may not可能不，表示可能性的推测。根据I saw him in Tianjin only a few minutes ago可知，我几分钟前在天津看到徐先生，所以他现在肯定不在北京，这里表示对现在情况的否定推测，应用can’t。故选C。 31．C 【解析】考查情态动词和动名词。句意：这台X光机不能工作了，所以需要修理以便继续使用。第一空表示机器“无法工作”或“不能工作”即表示某物或某人没有能力或可能性去做某事用won’t；第二空处sth needs doing此处使用主动表示被动，相当于need to be done，意为“某物需要被做”，即X光机需要被修理，故选C。 32．C 【解析】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：如果他六点出发，他现在应该到家了。A. can能够；B. need需要；C. ought to应该；D. has to不得不。结合句意“如果他六点出发，他现在应该到家了”，用ought to表示对现在的推测。故选C。 33．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。根据句意以及后文的“for the ground is wet”可知，此处为情态动词must+ have done，表示“对过去情况的肯定推测”，符合语境。故选A项。 34．A 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：——她应该为自己感到羞愧——如此粗鲁地和她母亲说话。——不一定。也许她没有意识到。A. ought to应该；B. dare to敢于；C. need to需要；D. have to必须。根据句意及空后“be ashamed of herself — talking to her mother so rudely”可知，句子表达的是对某人行为的一种道德或情感上的评价，即认为某人“应该”为自己的行为感到羞愧，应用情态动词ought to，表示一种道义上的责任或义务。故选A。 35．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：根据学校规定，未经老师允许，学生晚上11点以后不得离开学校。A. will将会；B. shall应该，将要；C. must必须；D. should应该。用于陈述句中的第二、第三人称，表示说话人的意图、允诺、警告、命令、决心等，应用shall。故选B。 36．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当我和爷爷奶奶住在村子里的时候，我和爷爷会在下午去清澈的小溪里钓鱼。句子描述的是过去的习惯性动作，使用would来表示过去经常做的事情。will表示意愿；can表示能力和可能性；could表示过去的能力，不符合句意。故选D。 37．D 【解析】考查情态动词辨析。句意：重庆的夏天通常很热，冬天则可能非常冷。A. may可以；B. must必须；C. should应该；D. can可能。题干描述重庆的夏天通常很热，冬天有时也会难以置信的冷。can指理论上的可能，符合题意，故选D。 38．A 【解析】考查must have done用法。句意：他一定是自己做的，因为房间里没有别人可以求助。A. must have done一定做了；B. would have done本来会做；C. need have done本需要做；D. could have done本可以做。根据“for there was no one else in the room to turn to”可知，此处是对过去有把握的推测，指“一定是自己做的”，使用must have done，故选A。 39．C 【解析】考查情态动词+have done的用法。句意：——昨晚1点左右给我打电话的是你吗？——不，那时我已经睡得很熟了。那一定是别人。分析句子可知，答语是对过去事实的肯定推测，应用“must have done”，故空格处应填“must have been”。故选C项。 40．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：山脚下的温泉是你登山后一定要尝试的东西。它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!A. shall应该；B. will愿意；C. must必须；D.can能够。根据“try after the climb”可知，你一定要尝试山脚下的温泉，此处表示“必须”，强调的是一种强烈的建议或必要性。故选C。 41．C 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我今晚必须完成报告吗？——不，你不必。你可以后天交。A. mustn’t禁止；B. shouldn’t不应该；C. needn’t不必；  D. can’t不能。must作为情态动词，用来表示必要性、义务或者强制性。当我们在回答以must引导的一般疑问句时，肯定回答通常是“Yes, you must.”，表示同意对方所说的必要性或义务。而否定回答为“No, you needn’t.”。故选C。 42．D 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我现在必须完成这项工作吗? ——不，你不必。你可以今天下午完成。A.May可以；B.Can能，会；C.Might或许；D.Must一定，必须．根据答语“No，you needn’t”，结合must的否定回答一般可借助于needn’t 和don’t have to来构成，表示不必，可知这里用must进行提问。故选D。 43．B 【解析】考查情态动词和时态。句意：三年后，我丈夫在另一个城市找到了一份新工作，所以我们不得不再次搬家。根据句意可知，此处为情态动词have to“不得不”，满足句意要求，结合前句动词got可知，此处为一般过去时。故选B项。 44．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我喜欢网上购物，因为我不需要花很多时间从一家商店到另一家商店。——但我很享受出去玩的乐趣。A. needn’t不需要；B. can’t不能；C. mustn’t禁止；D. shouldn’t不应该。根据空格后“从一家商店到另一家商店”可知，此处指的是“网上购物不需要从一家商店到另一家商店”。故选A。 45．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在时间紧迫的情况下，远程手术可以促进治疗过程。不幸的是，医务人员只是驳回了这个选择，理由是担心连接问题。动词facilitate意为“促进，促使”。could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做，强调过去有能力或有条件做某事，而实际没有做。must have done是对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”。may have done是对过去事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，不用于虚拟语气。“could+动词原形”表示做某事的能力，或对现在或将来事情的虚拟，不用于对过去事情的虚拟。这句话描述的是过去本可能发生的情形，但实际上并没有发生，属于对过去事情的假设，所以本句话应该使用could have done的结构。故选A。 46．C 【解析】考查名词词义辨析和虚拟语气。句意：如果人类从文明初期就没有发现种植作物和保存食物的方法，那么大型聚居点和贸易网络的发展是不可能的。 第一空：根据上文“If humans had not discovered ways to cultivate crops and preserve food(如果人类没有发现种植作物和保存食物的方法)”可推理出空白处应填表示“开端；黎明”含义的表达，dawn “开端；黎明”的意思，“since the dawn of civilization”表示“从文明的开端”，符合语境；breakthrough 意为“突破”；origin意为“起源；出身”；phenomenon意为“现象”，均不符合语境，所以第一空填dawn。 第二空：此句是对过去情况的虚拟，if 引导的条件句用过去完成时，主句要用“would/could/might have done”结构，故选C项。 47．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：如果杰克知道真相，他就不会借给她任何钱了。结合后文wouldn’t have lent，可知本句表示对过去情况的虚拟。虚拟语气中，若条件从句表示与过去事实相反，从句需用“had + 过去分词”，可以省略 if ，将had 提到主语前构成部分倒装。故选B。 48．A 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：我那天正忙着完成我的论文，否则我就和他们一起去了。分析句子结构可知，本句为含蓄条件句，即句子中没有明显的if条件句，而是用otherwise(否则)来暗示条件，相当于if I hadn’t been busy，是对过去事实的虚拟，所以主句应用“would/could/might/should+have done”形式。故选A项。 49．B 【解析】考查不定式，时态，主谓一致和虚拟语气。句意：琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意，否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了。由“a month ago but changed her mind”可知，句子表示“琳达本打算在一个月前开始这项实验，但在最后一刻改变了主意”，第一空用不定式表打算，由changed可知，时态是一般过去时，主语Linda是单数，因此第一空是was to start；otherwise意为“否则”，第二空是含蓄虚拟条件句，空格处用“情态动词+have done”，句子表示“否则她现在早就收集到重要的数据了”，空格处的情态动词用would，因此第二空是would have collected。故选B。 50．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：在实验室做实验时遵守规则是很重要的。在句型“it be+important+that从句”中，that引导的主语从句谓语部分应用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略，所以空处应用动词原形follow。故选C。 51．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：为了安全起见，把这次对话记录下来是很自然和必要的。it is necessary that sb. should do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是必要的”，其中it是形式主语，that从句是主语从句，用虚拟语气，should+动词原形，this dialogue与record之间是被动关系，因此空格处是should be。故选B。 52．B 【解析】考查插入语和特殊疑问句。句意：既然Jennifer不能参加会议，你建议谁代替她呢？“do you suggest”是插入语，在特殊疑问句中，插入语不影响句子的基本结构和语序。特殊疑问句“Who take her place?”中，本来应该用陈述语序“who takes her place”，但因为有插入语“do you suggest”，所以“take”用原形，类似“suggest that sb. (should) do”结构，“should”可省略，故选B。 53．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意：我们经理建议这个问题应立即被解决。该句中谓语动词为suggested“建议”，其后为省略了that的宾语从句；suggest后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，谓语动词为“should +动词原形”，其中should可以省略，solve与主语the problem之间为被动关系，所以宾语从句的谓语动词可以为 be solved；从句中refer to意为“提到”与the problem之间为被动关系，此处为过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the problem。故选A项。 54．D 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：她太热衷于用滤镜美化自拍，以至于看起来好像年轻了十岁。结合语境可知，as if引导的表语从句表示与现在相反的事实，应用一般过去时，be动词常用were。故选D。 55．A 【解析】考查非谓语动词及虚拟语气。句意：被她信任的人辜负，感觉好像整个世界都在背弃她。第一空动名词作主语，且let down与she构成被动关系，故用being done形式 ；第二空as if 引导的从句使用虚拟语气，且从句与现在事实相反，be动词用were。故选A。 56．D 【解析】考查同位语从句和虚拟语气。句意：在最近的一次视频会议上提出了一项提案，要求采取措施提高市民的交通安全意识。分析句子结构可知，“that measures to raise the citizens’ awareness of traffic safety.”是名词proposal(建议)的同位语从句，proposal此处表示“建议”，所以其后面的同位语从句要使用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气，should可以省略。从句主语 measures与take之间为被动故选，所以用被动语态。故选D。 57．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和动词词义辨析。句意：校方要求学生不得进入校园草坪的告示被多人无视，为此管理部门发出了严厉警告。句子中的request后接同位语从句，需使用虚拟语气，结构为“should + 动词原形”(should可省略)。因此，students后应为动词原形keep off (远离；避开)。选项A和C中的被动语态are kept off不符合虚拟语气规则，排除。所以第一个空格处用keep off。issue表示“正式发布（警告、声明等）”，符合administration (校方) 发出警告的语境；release多指“释放、公开信息”，与warnings搭配不当。因此第二个空格处用动词issue。故选B项。 58．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：他总是坐在教室里，偶尔点头，好像在认真听讲，但他的思绪显然在别处。此处是 as if 引导的方式状语从句，根据“but his thoughts are obviously elsewhere(但他的思绪显然在别处)”可知，他实际上并没有认真听讲，从句表示与现在事实相反的情况，所以要用虚拟语气，此时从句的谓语动词用过去式（be 动词用 were），这里用 were listening 表示“好像正在听”，是对现在情况的虚拟。故选 C。 59．D 【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意：风轻轻地吹过树林，好像在说什么。A. so that因此，以便；B. because因为；C. even if即使；D. as if好像，似乎。表示“风轻轻地吹过树林”，就像“（风）在说什么”，故句子表达的意思应该不是真实的，从句使用虚拟语气，由此可知，as if意为“似乎，好像”符合题意，引导方式状语从句。故选D。 60．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：John谈论起来就好像他自己做了所有的工作，但是事实上，Harry和Lily做了大多数的工作。此处as if引导方式状语从句，从句中的内容与事实相反，所以应用虚拟语气，且根据talked可知，此处与过去事实相反，应用过去完成时had done。故选B。 61．D 【解析】考查介词短语和虚拟语气。句意：由于严重的空气污染，是时候采取措施提高人们的环境意识了。A项中On account of 译为“由于……”；B项中Despite 译为“尽管”；C项中Account for 译为“说明(原因、理由等),是……的原因”；D项中Due to译为“由于……”；在It is (high) time…句型中，time后的句子中的谓语要用一般过去时或should+do来表示对现在情况提出建议的虚拟语气，并且should不可以省略。结合句意，第一空表示“由于”，排除BC两项，第二空应用took或should take，故排除A。故选D项。 62．B 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：现在是你重视自己学术成就的时候了。it is (high) time that是固定句型。that引导的主语从句中为虚拟语气，用一般过去时表达愿望；也可用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。故选B项。 63．C 【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果他按照医生的指示安静地躺着，他现在就不会那么痛苦了。分析句子可知，“If only he_____ quietly as the doctor instructed”为与过去事实相反的假设，应用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词为“had+动词过去分词”，“lie”意为“躺”，动词词性，过去分词为“lain”，故空格处应填“had lain”。故选C项。 64．C 【解析】考查从属连词和虚拟语气。句意：——我可以借你的路易斯·阿姆斯特朗的唱片吗？——如果我记得上一次是谁借的，我很乐意拿给你。A. except that除……之外；B. on condition只要；C. if only要是……就好了；D. now that既然、由于。根据句意可知，借给对方唱片的前提条件是记得被谁拿走了，事实却不记得，此处为与现实相反的假设，可以用if only/on condition that句型，表示虚拟的情况。故选C项。 65．A 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：祝你们每个人都成功地通过期中考试。may表许可，意为“可以”；表推测，意为“可能”；表希望、祈求、祝愿，意为“祝愿”。could可能，能够；might可能，可以；would将，将会，愿意。句意：祝每个人都成功地通过期中考试。故选A。 二、 1 66．B 67．A 68．A 69．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过分析人工智能，尤其是ChatGPT的利弊，表达了对其未来的期许。 66．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you have gone to the cinema and watched the popular movie ‘The Wandering Earth Ⅱ’ recently, you might be impressed by the intelligent computer MOSS. It can make the reasonable decision in the shortest time based on the given conditions. In fact, such strong AI like MOSS does not exist in reality for the time being.(如果你最近去过电影院并观看了热门电影《流浪地球 2》，可能会对智能计算机 MOSS 印象深刻。它可以根据给定的条件在最短时间内做出合理的决策。事实上，目前现实中还不存在像MOSS这样强大的人工智能。)”以及第二段首句“However, weaker AI, which replaces human processing in a specific field, has already influenced our daily life. (然而，在特定领域取代人类处理的弱人工智能已经影响了我们的日常生活。)”可知，作者提及电影《流浪地球2》是为了引出文章的主题“人工智能”。故选B。 67．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Compared with traditional search engines, which display simple results according to searching keywords, ChatGPT can interact with people just like dialoguing, answer professional questions, and also answer follow-up questions.(与传统搜索引擎根据搜索关键词显示简单结果不同，ChatGPT 能够像对话一样与人互动，回答专业问题，还能解答后续提问。)”可知，ChatGPT可以使人机交互更智能。故选A。 68．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Even OpenAI’s CEO once said, ‘It’s a mistake to be relying on it for anything important right now. It’s a preview of progress. We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳健性) and truthfulness.’ (就连OpenAI的首席执行官也曾说过：‘现在依赖它做任何重要的事情都是错误的。这是进度的预览。我们在稳健性和真实性方面还有很多工作要做。’)”可知，OpenAI的首席执行官认为ChatGPT还需要提升其稳定性。故选A。 69．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Compared with traditional search engines, which display simple results according to searching keywords, ChatGPT can interact with people just like dialoguing, answer professional questions, and also answer follow-up questions.(与传统搜索引擎根据搜索关键词显示简单结果不同，ChatGPT 能够像对话一样与人互动，回答专业问题，还能解答后续提问。)”、第三段“More than a Chatbot, ChatGPT can also realize article creation, code generating and other functions only by requesting.(ChatGPT 不仅仅是一个聊天机器人，只需通过指令，它还能实现文章创作、代码生成等功能。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要通过对比ChatGPT与其他智能、讲述尽管它还不完善，但是功能强大，起到很好的作用，肯定了其作用和影响。故选D。 2 70．D 71．B 72．C 73．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了瑞士研发的新巧克力制作方法，既提升健康效益，又促进环保与农民增收，具有多重积极影响。 70．细节理解题。根据第一段中“However, Swiss researchers have pioneered a new method to produce healthier and more eco-friendly chocolate by making the best of the entire cocoa fruit instead of wasting most of it.(然而，瑞士研究人员开创了一种新方法来生产更健康、更环保的巧克力，其关键在于充分利用整个可可果实，而非浪费其中的大部分)”及第二段中“This gel replaces sugar in chocolate production while boosting fiber content.(这种凝胶在巧克力生产中替代了糖分，同时增加了纤维含量)”和第三段中“Beyond health benefits like regulating blood sugar and reducing fat intake, the method ensures a way that doesn’t use up or harm the earth’s resources.(除了调节血糖和减少脂肪摄入等健康益处外，这种方法还确保了一种不会耗尽或破坏地球资源的方式)”可知，新巧克力制作方法的优点是它能改善健康益处。故选D。 71．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The new approach extracts (提取) natural sweetness from the cocoa fruit itself, not requiring added sugar. Scientists found that the fruit’s juice contains 14% sugar, which is concentrated into juice and mixed with pulp to form a gel (凝胶). This gel replaces sugar in chocolate production while boosting fiber content.(新方法从可可果实本身提取天然甜味，不需要添加糖。科学家们发现，这种水果的果汁含有14%的糖分，这些糖分被浓缩成果汁，并与果肉混合形成凝胶。这种凝胶在巧克力生产中取代了糖，同时增加了纤维含量)”可知，第二段中新方法的特别之处是将可可果实加工成凝胶。故选B。 72．细节理解题。根据第三段中“By processing the whole fruit locally, farmers gain extra income and job opportunities. (通过在当地加工整个水果，农民获得了额外的收入和就业机会)”可知，在当地加工整个可可果实的一个关键好处是它为农民提供了额外的收入和就业机会。故选C。 73．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Major chocolate companies are adopting parts of this approach, though none have fully removed sugar. Roger Wehrli encouraged producers to accept the method, stating it could find new and better ways to improve the industry. By 2025, the European Union will no longer allow cocoa that harms forests, which may reshape global supply chains. Roger Wehrli also noted, “Using the whole fruit benefits both farmers and the planet — it’s economically and ecologically promising.”(尽管尚未有大型巧克力公司完全摒弃糖分，但它们正逐步采用这种方法的部分环节。Roger Wehrli鼓励生产商接受这一方法，并指出该方法能为行业发展探寻新的更佳路径。到2025年，欧盟将不再允许使用危害森林的可可豆，这一举措可能会重塑全球供应链。Roger Wehrli还提到：“充分利用整个可可果实既惠及农民，又有益于地球——它在经济和生态层面都前景广阔。”)”可知，最后一段提到巧克力公司采用新方法、欧盟政策推动可持续可可、Roger Wehrli强调新方法对农民和环境的双重益处，均围绕新方法带来的优势展开。由此推断，最后一段旨在展示新方法带来的优势。故选D。 三、 74．showing 75．that/which 76．likes 77．the 78．originally 79．screening 80．into 81．has produced 82．fighters 83．Rooted 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了坦桑尼亚最大功夫寺庙的负责人Mfaume大师及其学生通过社交媒体走红，以及功夫在非洲的传播、发展和影响。 74．考查非谓语动词。句意： Mfaume大师是坦桑尼亚最大的功夫寺庙的负责人，他因发布自己和弟子们的精彩动作短片而在社交媒体上走红。此处为with复合结构，show off与宾语films构成主动关系，故用现在分词作宾补。故填showing。 75．考查定语从句。句意：展示他们沿墙飞奔或与恶霸搏斗的 TikTok 视频已经获得了 18.4 万个赞。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，先行词为TikTok videos，指物，且在从句中作主语，可用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 76．考查名词复数。句意同上。like 作“赞”讲时为可数名词，由184,000修饰可知，此处应用复数形式。故填likes。 77．考查冠词。句意：人们开始热切地学习功夫，学生的数量显著增加。此处为固定短语the number of...，意为“……的数量”符合句意，所以此处使用定冠词the。故填the。 78．考查副词。句意：功夫最初是在20世纪70年代由一位名叫明先生的中国人带到非洲的。修饰动词brought应用副词，original的副词为originally意为“最初”。故填originally。 79．考查非谓语动词。句意：他普及了李小龙的武术，在南非破旧的电影院里放映电影，观众们喜欢他反对白人至上的理念，当他在电影中摧毁那个冒犯性的标志时，他们欢呼起来。该句中已有谓语动词popularized，且无连词，所以此处使用非谓语动词，screen与其逻辑主语He之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填screening。 80．考查介词。句意：从那以后，功夫逐渐发展成为一种独特的非洲电影风格。短语evolve into表示“发展成……”。故填into。 81．考查动词时态。句意：尼日利亚的电影业诺莱坞已经制作了许多低成本的功夫电影。根据语境以及上文的时间状语Since then可知，此处强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语Nollywood为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has produced。故填has produced。 82．考查名词。句意：赞比亚近期举办了首届非洲少林功夫大赛，有来自23个国家的 150 多名选手参加。表示“选手”用名词fighter，结合150可知为复数。故填fighters。 83．考查非谓语动词。句意：植根于中国文化传统的功夫已经成为一种全球现象，受到非洲各地社区的庆祝和改编。该句中已有谓语动词has become且无连词，所以此处为非谓语动词形式，root与逻辑主语kung fu之间为被动关系，所以此处用过去分词作状语。故填Rooted。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$