专题13 语法知识之定语从句-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题13 语法知识之定语从句 I. 定语从句概述 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别 情 况 用法说明 例 句 只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others. III. as、which和that的区别 从句 区 别 例 句 限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。 注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。 IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别 类 别 区 别 例 句 定语从句 与 并列句 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom； ②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。 定语从句 与 状语从句 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） 定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句） 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句） 定语从句 与 同位语从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句） 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句） The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us. 定语从句 与 强调句 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 一、单项选择 1．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A．whose B．which C．from whose D．from which 2．Ryan had raised the $2000, _______ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda to solve the shortage of water resource. A．for which B．which C．with which D．where 3．It was in the city ______ has a long history ______ the famous writer was born. A．which; where B．where; that C．which; that D．that; where 4．I couldn't find my glasses, ________I have trouble seeing anything clearly. A．by which B．with which C．without which D．in which 5．The landscape ______ beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it. A．which B．whose C．when D．as 6．The most important advice _______ I’d like to give is to go all out. A．where B．what C．how D．that 7．I’m very grateful to the girl ________ bright smile gave me so much confidence. A．whose B．which C．where D．when 8．Since laughter is much healthier than anger, a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation ______ has made you angry. A．where B．that C．for which D．in what 9．________ vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes ________ extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A．To cover, where B．Covering, that C．Covered, which D．Having covered, where 10．I still remember the house ________ my mother and I used to stay in that evening. A．where B．why C．in which D．which 11．There were ______ few people ______ came to his concert ______ he felt really disappointed. A．such; who; which B．such; that; that C．so; who; that D．so; that; which 12．The girl ________ everybody had thought would win the game failed at last. A．whom B．whose C．who D．whoever 13．That day, I got passed by about 100 “local” bikers _________ were used to such roads. A．they B．who C．whom D．whose 14．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A．whom B．where C．when D．which 15．He is one of those people _________ everybody will find _________ hard to please. A．that; being B．which; to be C．who; is D．whom; / 16．It was in this school ______ name he will never forget ______ he won the speaking competition about how the army and rescue workers made joint efforts to return the earthquake disaster area to normal. A．whose; that B．where; that C．whose; where D．that; that 17．Such people ________ were present at the meeting had a high regard for his new works, ________ made him proud. A．that; which B．as; which C．as; that D．that; that 18．He is such a positive and devoted doctor ________ we all admire. A．where B．which C．that D．as 19．Such tourists have visited Shanghai all think that a visit to Shanghai cannot be complete without a stroll along the Bund. A．who B．whom C．that D．as 20．Never had they tasted such strange flavor before ____ was unique to this remote mountain village, ____ ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．as; whose D．which; where 21．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions. A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether 22．Don’t do such things you are not sure about. A．that B．which C．as D．what 23．The man waiting for the interview is the same man ______ I talked to in the elevator. Look, he is wearing the same hat ______ I’m wearing now. A．that; as B．as; that C．as; which D．who; as 24．With his job as Chief Executive Officer __________, he finally moved into the office __________ the whole city could be seen. A．to secure; from where B．securing; from which C．secured; from which D．to secure; where 25．After Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, ______ he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero ______ in China. A．where; being remembered B．in which; to be remembered C．for which; remembered D．when; to remember 26．This put him and his colleagues in a position ______ they had to perform different tasks all at the same time. A．which B．in which C．on which D．of what 27．The river ______ we fished is full of different kinds of fish and animals. A．in which B．along which C．which D．that 28．Many old people really enjoy the speed ________ their messages get sent and answered after learning how to use WeChat. A．that B．where C．at which D．in which 29．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 30．It is said that when Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were in use, ______123 are now known to be extinct. A．at which B．of them C．of which D．of whom 31．I’m really grateful ________ your help, without ________ it would have been much more difficult for me. A．for, which B．to, which C．for, it D．to, it 32．The writer, ______ latest novel won several awards, will visit our school next month. A．whose B．who C．which D．whom 33．Additionally, from time to time, I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both ______ will be graded. A．of whom B．to which C．to whom D．of which 34．The house, on ________ door is a beautiful picture, works as a home for the guards, some of ________ are from the countryside. A．whose; whom B．which; whom C．whose; them D．where; them 35．The club chairman, __________ the members thought to be trustworthy, has just disappeared with the club’s money. A．whom B．of which C．when D．whose 36．The house, which has become a tourist attraction, ________ windows were broken, was built 200 years ago. A．which B．that C．where D．whose 37．I want to express my appreciation to all English teachers in LW, ________ help let me make so much progress in English. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 38．The team finished the project one month ahead of time, really___________ surprised all of us. A．that B．which C．when D．who 39．It will be some years before some foreign doctors change the impression they have ________ Chinese medicine, ________, in their opinion, is nothing but raw herbs and not effective at all in treating diseases. A．for; which B．on; what C．to; that D．of; which 40．The bookstore, _______ was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood, was a place _______ anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books. A．which; that B．which; where C．where; which D．where; that 41．________ is known to us all, Germany is a developed country ________ the First World. A．Which; belonged to B．As; belonging to C．It; belonging to D．What; belonged to 42．________ is often the case, he is late for class again and this angers his class teacher. A．Which B．As C．What D．It 43． a study turns out, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) technology can better record birds’ migration routes, resting locations and information about how they fly. A．Which B．When C．Whether D．As 44．This study website is really helpful, ________ middle school students and parents can benefit a lot. A．which B．from which C．why D．of which 45．That land, ________ you get your strength is the only thing ________ matters. A．from which; / B．which; that C．where; which D．from which; that 46．The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ______ up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．whom D．of whom 47．It is in the library ______ he read the novels about Dickens, ______ were adapted into famous movies. A．where, some of them B．that, some of which C．that, some of them D．where, some of which 48．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was ten years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. A．what; when B．that; when C．which; when D．when; when 49．We’ll put off the hiking until next week, ________ the weather may be better. A．that B．when C．which D．where 50．According to some experts, the 24 solar terms were used for the first time in books during the Western Han Dynasty, __________ the Start of Spring was set as the Spring Festival. A．where B．when C．that D．which 51．We started from Vancouver, _______ we picked up our vehicle for the trip — a home on wheels. A．where B．who C．when D．what 52．He wrote an application letter to the manager, ________ he recommended himself for the job. A．which B．who C．where D．why 53．We started from Vancouver, ________ we picked up our vehicle for the trip­­ — a home on wheels. A．that B．which C．where D．when 54．Yesterday we visited the City Museum, ______ I’d never been to before. A．which B．where C．that D．what 55．Ms. Oyeymi, _____________ mother is training to become a driver for London Underground, began writing at the age of seven. A．who B．whose C．where D．why 二、阅读理解 1 Powered by the enthusiasm of fans, many stars are emphasizing sustainability in their tours and live events. In many parts of the world, summer calendars are packed with music festivals. But on 25 August, Act 1.5, one of such shows, tried to be something different. Advertised as a “climate action accelerator (加速器)”, it showed the cooperation between a band called Massive Attack and scientists at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of Manchester, UK, to reduce carbon emissions (排放) in the live music industry. Such efforts are much needed. In 2010, researchers estimated that the UK music industry produced some 540, 000 tonnes of greenhouse-gas emissions annually. Live music accounted for 74%of that. Those figures are likely to have risen. Many in the music industry are advocating ever more loudly on sustainability. Radiohead,  Coldplay, and Billie Eilish are just some of the famous Western stars who have declared initiatives to make live events more sustainable. These initiatives have not always met with the approval of climate campaigners. One common criticism is that stars’ advocacy often focuses on the actions of individual fans. When it comes to high-energy aspects of touring, such as stage power requirements and artists’ travel, their preferred solution is often to find alternative ways to cancel out impact, rather than reducing emissions directly. However, it is heartening to see that some real change has already been achieved. In 2023,  for the first time, the long-running Glastonbury Festival in the United Kingdom was powered only by fossil-fuel-free (非化石燃料) energy. In June 2024, Coldplay announced that direct emissions from its current world tour were almost 60%lower than those of its 2016-17 stadium tour. Historically, music has played a key part in social movements. The industry now has the chance to be a role model for real change. A 2022 report by researchers at the University of Glasgow, UK, found that music fans are more likely to care about climate change than non-music fans. So, the change will come when it is driven by those highest up in the music industry and backed by good science. 56．What makes the Act 1.5 music event special? A．Demonstrating a different musical style. B．Promoting the cooperation between bands. C．Funding scientific research on climate. D．Taking green actions based on science. 57．What is the purpose of listing data in the third paragraph? A．To highlight the UK music industry’s success. B．To indicate the challenges in the UK music industry. C．To criticize the rising costs of the UK music festivals. D．To stress the emission impact of the UK music industry. 58．Why do climate campaigners sometimes disapprove of stars’ advocacy? A．It emphasizes reducing artists’ travel emission. B．It focuses on fans cutting down emissions. C．It prefers to use fossil-fuel-free energy. D．It ignores the action of individual fans. 59．What is the author’s attitude to the music industry addressing climate issues? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Critical. 2 A recent study showed that eating processed red meat (like bacon or hot dogs) frequently can increase the chances of developing dementia (痴呆) by 13 percent, but replacing red meat with nuts, beans or fish can lower the risk by 20 percent. “Dietary guidelines tend to focus on reducing risks of chronic (慢性的) conditions, while cognitive (认知的) health like dementia is less frequently discussed,” said Daniel Wang, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system. The results, published online in Neurology on 15 January, show that the dementia risk is related to an imbalance of good and bad bacteria(细菌)in our guts caused by red meat. Researchers tracked the health of 133,000 people for more than 40 years to understand how diet affects brain health. The participants were mostly nurses and other healthcare workers who regularly shared details about what they ate. People who ate processed red meat daily were more likely to develop dementia than those who rarely ate these foods. A standard serving of red meat was about the size of a soap bar. The participants underwent standard memory tests, which revealed that each daily serving of processed meat aged the brain by about 1.6 years. Additionally, people who ate more meat, whether processed or regular, reported memory and thinking problems. When we eat meat, our gut bacteria break it down into a substance called TMAO(Trimethylamine N-oxide). Researchers think TMAO might harm our brains by causing certain proteins to clump together — the same proteins they see in dementia. However, they still need to do more research to understand this fully. “We need these kinds of long-term studies to understand dementia because it develops very slowly, over many years,” Dr Wang added. Choosing what we put on our plate could be a key differentiator of brain health. 60．What did the study in the text focus on? A．The dietary risks for heart disease. B．The benefits of nuts, beans and fish. C．The importance of dietary guidelines. D．The impact of diet on cognitive health. 61．What do we know about the findings of the study in Neurology? A．Red meat is linked to improvements in memory. B．Red meat is the only risk factor for brain health. C．Daily red meat consumption speeds up brain aging. D．Eating red meat contributes to gut bacteria balance. 62．It is implied in this passage that we should ________. A．add processed red meat to our diet B．eat more meat to strengthen memory C．pay attention to diet for better mental health D．have a balanced diet to improve health conditions 63．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A medical textbook. C．A cooking blog. D．A business report. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since human beings appeared on the earth, they have had a close relationship with the moon. In the past centuries, a lot of information about the moon 64 (record) by scientists, who have carried out 65 series of researches. The Soviet Union was the 66 (early) country to visit the moon. In 1959, it launched the first Lunar Probe “Moon 1” that took the first pictures of the moon. That was the first step for man to explore the moon. In 1969, one of the American 67 (astronaut) in Apollo 11, Armstrong, set foot on the moon. It was the first time that man had walked on the moon. Nowadays, many countries show great 68 (interesting) in exploring the moon. The USA will spend seven years 69 (build) a base on the moon. Russia has also started a new lunar exploration program, and also plans to set up a base on the moon after 2020. In recent years, China has taken an 70 (act) part in exploring the moon like Chang’e series. It is extremely difficult 71 any country to set up a lunar base and develop the moon alone. That’s 72 countries have agreed to develop the moon together. All the countries are working hard together 73 (open) up new living space for mankind as soon as possible. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题13 语法知识之定语从句 I. 定语从句概述 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例 句 备 注 关系代 词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. whose 人或物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. that 人或物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. as 人或物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略 关系副 词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别 情 况 用法说明 例 句 只用that的情况 1.先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时 2.先行词被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 4.先行词既指人又指物时 5.先行词被the only, the very修饰时 6.句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? 只用which, who, whom的情况 1.在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。 3.先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。 1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others. III. as、which和that的区别 从句 区 别 例 句 限制性 定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 非限制性 定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. the same... as和 the same ...that the same... as指同类事物 the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同类工具，不是同一把） That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用过的工具。 注意：the way 做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in which 引导或不用引导词。 IV.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别 类 别 区 别 例 句 定语从句 与 并列句 定语从句与并列句的主要区别在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列连词或两个句子用分号连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①Mr Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer． 从结构上看，①小题是定语从句，故填whom； ②小题有并列连词but，是并列句，故填代词 them。 定语从句 与 状语从句 定语从句的前面有名词作先行词，而状语从句没有先行词。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这是几年前我们居住的地方。（定语从句，先行词为the place） Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地点状语从句） 定语从句修饰、限制、说明名词，只能放在先行词的后面，而状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？（定语从句） It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当下课时己经是5点了。（时间状语从句） When, where和why在引导定语从句时可以用“介词＋which”的结构来替换，在引导状语从句时却不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked. 这就是他的父亲曾经工作过的那个工厂。（定语从句） Put back the book where it was. 把书放回原处。（状语从句） 定语从句中的关系词在从句中充当某种句子成分，因此去掉它则从句成分不完整；而结果状语从句中的连接词在从句中不作任何成分，去掉后从句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。 （as用作动词like的宾语，它引导的是定语从句） It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书，我们大家都喜欢它。 （that不充当句子成分，故它引导的是结果状语从句） 定语从句 与 同位语从句 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，对先行词起修饰、描述或限制的作用，与先行词之间有从属关系。同位语的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词给予补充说明或进一步解释，是前面名词的具体内容,与先行词之间是同位关系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考试及格的消息使她父母亲很高兴。（同位语从句） 此句中的同位语从句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改写成表语从句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（定语从句） The news that he told us 是定语从句，此句不能改写为：The news is that he told us. 定语从句 与 强调句 强调句的结构为“It is／was＋被强调部分＋that＋从句”。被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何成分，当被强调部分是人时，还可用who代替that。这一句型中，一定不能因为被强调部分是表时间或地点的词就用when或where代替 that。 ①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works． 从结构上看： ①小题是强调句，故填 that。 ②小题则是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前差个介词in，故填 where。 一、单项选择 1．Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, ________ effects people are still suffering. A．whose B．which C．from whose D．from which 2．Ryan had raised the $2000, _______ a well was built near a primary school in Uganda to solve the shortage of water resource. A．for which B．which C．with which D．where 3．It was in the city ______ has a long history ______ the famous writer was born. A．which; where B．where; that C．which; that D．that; where 4．I couldn't find my glasses, ________I have trouble seeing anything clearly. A．by which B．with which C．without which D．in which 5．The landscape ______ beauty is beyond description makes everyone who sees it fall in love with it. A．which B．whose C．when D．as 6．The most important advice _______ I’d like to give is to go all out. A．where B．what C．how D．that 7．I’m very grateful to the girl ________ bright smile gave me so much confidence. A．whose B．which C．where D．when 8．Since laughter is much healthier than anger, a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation ______ has made you angry. A．where B．that C．for which D．in what 9．________ vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes ________ extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. A．To cover, where B．Covering, that C．Covered, which D．Having covered, where 10．I still remember the house ________ my mother and I used to stay in that evening. A．where B．why C．in which D．which 11．There were ______ few people ______ came to his concert ______ he felt really disappointed. A．such; who; which B．such; that; that C．so; who; that D．so; that; which 12．The girl ________ everybody had thought would win the game failed at last. A．whom B．whose C．who D．whoever 13．That day, I got passed by about 100 “local” bikers _________ were used to such roads. A．they B．who C．whom D．whose 14．I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year. A．whom B．where C．when D．which 15．He is one of those people _________ everybody will find _________ hard to please. A．that; being B．which; to be C．who; is D．whom; / 16．It was in this school ______ name he will never forget ______ he won the speaking competition about how the army and rescue workers made joint efforts to return the earthquake disaster area to normal. A．whose; that B．where; that C．whose; where D．that; that 17．Such people ________ were present at the meeting had a high regard for his new works, ________ made him proud. A．that; which B．as; which C．as; that D．that; that 18．He is such a positive and devoted doctor ________ we all admire. A．where B．which C．that D．as 19．Such tourists have visited Shanghai all think that a visit to Shanghai cannot be complete without a stroll along the Bund. A．who B．whom C．that D．as 20．Never had they tasted such strange flavor before ____ was unique to this remote mountain village, ____ ingredients were simple but quite rare. A．that; whose B．as; which C．as; whose D．which; where 21．Try to avoid such things _____ will do harm to your reputation, unless you don’t care about the rumors from all directions. A．as B．that C．whatever D．whether 22．Don’t do such things you are not sure about. A．that B．which C．as D．what 23．The man waiting for the interview is the same man ______ I talked to in the elevator. Look, he is wearing the same hat ______ I’m wearing now. A．that; as B．as; that C．as; which D．who; as 24．With his job as Chief Executive Officer __________, he finally moved into the office __________ the whole city could be seen. A．to secure; from where B．securing; from which C．secured; from which D．to secure; where 25．After Bethune’s death, Chairman Mao Zedong wrote an article in memory of him, ______ he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero ______ in China. A．where; being remembered B．in which; to be remembered C．for which; remembered D．when; to remember 26．This put him and his colleagues in a position ______ they had to perform different tasks all at the same time. A．which B．in which C．on which D．of what 27．The river ______ we fished is full of different kinds of fish and animals. A．in which B．along which C．which D．that 28．Many old people really enjoy the speed ________ their messages get sent and answered after learning how to use WeChat. A．that B．where C．at which D．in which 29．The way ______ Mexicans tell time actually has actually allowed me to live far more in the right now than I ever did before. Which one of the following choices is wrong! A．that B．in which C．which D．/ 30．It is said that when Europeans first arrived in North America, 312 different languages were in use, ______123 are now known to be extinct. A．at which B．of them C．of which D．of whom 31．I’m really grateful ________ your help, without ________ it would have been much more difficult for me. A．for, which B．to, which C．for, it D．to, it 32．The writer, ______ latest novel won several awards, will visit our school next month. A．whose B．who C．which D．whom 33．Additionally, from time to time, I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both ______ will be graded. A．of whom B．to which C．to whom D．of which 34．The house, on ________ door is a beautiful picture, works as a home for the guards, some of ________ are from the countryside. A．whose; whom B．which; whom C．whose; them D．where; them 35．The club chairman, __________ the members thought to be trustworthy, has just disappeared with the club’s money. A．whom B．of which C．when D．whose 36．The house, which has become a tourist attraction, ________ windows were broken, was built 200 years ago. A．which B．that C．where D．whose 37．I want to express my appreciation to all English teachers in LW, ________ help let me make so much progress in English. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 38．The team finished the project one month ahead of time, really___________ surprised all of us. A．that B．which C．when D．who 39．It will be some years before some foreign doctors change the impression they have ________ Chinese medicine, ________, in their opinion, is nothing but raw herbs and not effective at all in treating diseases. A．for; which B．on; what C．to; that D．of; which 40．The bookstore, _______ was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood, was a place _______ anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books. A．which; that B．which; where C．where; which D．where; that 41．________ is known to us all, Germany is a developed country ________ the First World. A．Which; belonged to B．As; belonging to C．It; belonging to D．What; belonged to 42．________ is often the case, he is late for class again and this angers his class teacher. A．Which B．As C．What D．It 43． a study turns out, BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) technology can better record birds’ migration routes, resting locations and information about how they fly. A．Which B．When C．Whether D．As 44．This study website is really helpful, ________ middle school students and parents can benefit a lot. A．which B．from which C．why D．of which 45．That land, ________ you get your strength is the only thing ________ matters. A．from which; / B．which; that C．where; which D．from which; that 46．The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, ______ up to half will be from abroad. A．who B．of which C．whom D．of whom 47．It is in the library ______ he read the novels about Dickens, ______ were adapted into famous movies. A．where, some of them B．that, some of which C．that, some of them D．where, some of which 48．Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer ______ it was ten years ago, ______ it was so poorly equipped. A．what; when B．that; when C．which; when D．when; when 49．We’ll put off the hiking until next week, ________ the weather may be better. A．that B．when C．which D．where 50．According to some experts, the 24 solar terms were used for the first time in books during the Western Han Dynasty, __________ the Start of Spring was set as the Spring Festival. A．where B．when C．that D．which 51．We started from Vancouver, _______ we picked up our vehicle for the trip — a home on wheels. A．where B．who C．when D．what 52．He wrote an application letter to the manager, ________ he recommended himself for the job. A．which B．who C．where D．why 53．We started from Vancouver, ________ we picked up our vehicle for the trip­­ — a home on wheels. A．that B．which C．where D．when 54．Yesterday we visited the City Museum, ______ I’d never been to before. A．which B．where C．that D．what 55．Ms. Oyeymi, _____________ mother is training to become a driver for London Underground, began writing at the age of seven. A．who B．whose C．where D．why 二、阅读理解 1 Powered by the enthusiasm of fans, many stars are emphasizing sustainability in their tours and live events. In many parts of the world, summer calendars are packed with music festivals. But on 25 August, Act 1.5, one of such shows, tried to be something different. Advertised as a “climate action accelerator (加速器)”, it showed the cooperation between a band called Massive Attack and scientists at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of Manchester, UK, to reduce carbon emissions (排放) in the live music industry. Such efforts are much needed. In 2010, researchers estimated that the UK music industry produced some 540, 000 tonnes of greenhouse-gas emissions annually. Live music accounted for 74%of that. Those figures are likely to have risen. Many in the music industry are advocating ever more loudly on sustainability. Radiohead,  Coldplay, and Billie Eilish are just some of the famous Western stars who have declared initiatives to make live events more sustainable. These initiatives have not always met with the approval of climate campaigners. One common criticism is that stars’ advocacy often focuses on the actions of individual fans. When it comes to high-energy aspects of touring, such as stage power requirements and artists’ travel, their preferred solution is often to find alternative ways to cancel out impact, rather than reducing emissions directly. However, it is heartening to see that some real change has already been achieved. In 2023,  for the first time, the long-running Glastonbury Festival in the United Kingdom was powered only by fossil-fuel-free (非化石燃料) energy. In June 2024, Coldplay announced that direct emissions from its current world tour were almost 60%lower than those of its 2016-17 stadium tour. Historically, music has played a key part in social movements. The industry now has the chance to be a role model for real change. A 2022 report by researchers at the University of Glasgow, UK, found that music fans are more likely to care about climate change than non-music fans. So, the change will come when it is driven by those highest up in the music industry and backed by good science. 56．What makes the Act 1.5 music event special? A．Demonstrating a different musical style. B．Promoting the cooperation between bands. C．Funding scientific research on climate. D．Taking green actions based on science. 57．What is the purpose of listing data in the third paragraph? A．To highlight the UK music industry’s success. B．To indicate the challenges in the UK music industry. C．To criticize the rising costs of the UK music festivals. D．To stress the emission impact of the UK music industry. 58．Why do climate campaigners sometimes disapprove of stars’ advocacy? A．It emphasizes reducing artists’ travel emission. B．It focuses on fans cutting down emissions. C．It prefers to use fossil-fuel-free energy. D．It ignores the action of individual fans. 59．What is the author’s attitude to the music industry addressing climate issues? A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Critical. 2 A recent study showed that eating processed red meat (like bacon or hot dogs) frequently can increase the chances of developing dementia (痴呆) by 13 percent, but replacing red meat with nuts, beans or fish can lower the risk by 20 percent. “Dietary guidelines tend to focus on reducing risks of chronic (慢性的) conditions, while cognitive (认知的) health like dementia is less frequently discussed,” said Daniel Wang, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system. The results, published online in Neurology on 15 January, show that the dementia risk is related to an imbalance of good and bad bacteria(细菌)in our guts caused by red meat. Researchers tracked the health of 133,000 people for more than 40 years to understand how diet affects brain health. The participants were mostly nurses and other healthcare workers who regularly shared details about what they ate. People who ate processed red meat daily were more likely to develop dementia than those who rarely ate these foods. A standard serving of red meat was about the size of a soap bar. The participants underwent standard memory tests, which revealed that each daily serving of processed meat aged the brain by about 1.6 years. Additionally, people who ate more meat, whether processed or regular, reported memory and thinking problems. When we eat meat, our gut bacteria break it down into a substance called TMAO(Trimethylamine N-oxide). Researchers think TMAO might harm our brains by causing certain proteins to clump together — the same proteins they see in dementia. However, they still need to do more research to understand this fully. “We need these kinds of long-term studies to understand dementia because it develops very slowly, over many years,” Dr Wang added. Choosing what we put on our plate could be a key differentiator of brain health. 60．What did the study in the text focus on? A．The dietary risks for heart disease. B．The benefits of nuts, beans and fish. C．The importance of dietary guidelines. D．The impact of diet on cognitive health. 61．What do we know about the findings of the study in Neurology? A．Red meat is linked to improvements in memory. B．Red meat is the only risk factor for brain health. C．Daily red meat consumption speeds up brain aging. D．Eating red meat contributes to gut bacteria balance. 62．It is implied in this passage that we should ________. A．add processed red meat to our diet B．eat more meat to strengthen memory C．pay attention to diet for better mental health D．have a balanced diet to improve health conditions 63．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A health magazine. B．A medical textbook. C．A cooking blog. D．A business report. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Since human beings appeared on the earth, they have had a close relationship with the moon. In the past centuries, a lot of information about the moon 64 (record) by scientists, who have carried out 65 series of researches. The Soviet Union was the 66 (early) country to visit the moon. In 1959, it launched the first Lunar Probe “Moon 1” that took the first pictures of the moon. That was the first step for man to explore the moon. In 1969, one of the American 67 (astronaut) in Apollo 11, Armstrong, set foot on the moon. It was the first time that man had walked on the moon. Nowadays, many countries show great 68 (interesting) in exploring the moon. The USA will spend seven years 69 (build) a base on the moon. Russia has also started a new lunar exploration program, and also plans to set up a base on the moon after 2020. In recent years, China has taken an 70 (act) part in exploring the moon like Chang’e series. It is extremely difficult 71 any country to set up a lunar base and develop the moon alone. That’s 72 countries have agreed to develop the moon together. All the countries are working hard together 73 (open) up new living space for mankind as soon as possible. 参考答案 一、 1．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：上个月，东南亚部分地区遭受洪水袭击，人们至今仍在遭受洪灾的影响。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“floods”，在从句中 “effects”与“floods” 是所属关系，即“洪水的影响”，所以用“whose”来引导定语从句，同时“suffer from”是固定短语，意为“遭受…… 的痛苦”，在定语从句中把 “from”提前，就构成了“from whose effects people are still suffering”。故选C项。 2．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Ryan筹集了2000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近打了一口井，以解决水资源短缺问题。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“$2000”，表示“用这2000美元”，故应用介词with+关系代词which引导，which作宾语。故选C。 3．C 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：这个著名的作家出生于有着悠久历史的城市。根据句子分析可知，空1：此处引导定语从句，先行词为the city，指物，在定语从句作主语，故应用that/which引导，故填that/which；空2：此处为强调句型“it was+被强调部分+that+其他”，此处强调地点状语in the city，故填that。故选C。 4．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我找不到我的眼镜了，没有它我看什么都有困难。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的定语从句。根据句意可知，空处介词为without，先行词是“my glasses”，在定语从句中作without的宾语。关系代词为which。故选C项。 5．B 【解析】考查关系代词辨析。句意：那片美得无法形容的风景让每个看到它的人都为之倾心。A. which在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；B. whose在定语从句中作定语，表所属关系，可指人或物；C. when在定语从句中作时间状语，指代时间；D. as引导定语从句时，常与“such”“the same”等连用，或用于非限制性定语从句中。本题中“landscape”与“beauty”是所属关系，即“风景的美丽”，用whose符合要求。故选B。 6．D 【解析】考查关系代词和关系副词辨析。句意：我想给出的最重要的建议是全力以赴。此空缺少一个关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词advice“建议”，在定语从句中作宾语，指物，可用that引导。故选D项。 7．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感谢那个女孩，她灿烂的微笑给了我如此多的信心。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“girl”，在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故选A。 8．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：既然笑比生气健康得多，那么处理愤怒的一个好方法就是从让你生气的情况中寻找幽默。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the situation，先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故选B。 9．B 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：丝绸之路覆盖着广阔的距离和令人惊叹的各种地貌景观，它是一个古老的贸易路线网络，从东亚一直延伸到地中海地区。第一空中的动词cover在句中作状语，与逻辑主语the Silk Road是主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；第二空需要一个关系词引导定语从句修饰先行词a network of ancient trade routes，并指代先行词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，可填that或which。故选B项。 10．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然记得那天晚上我和妈妈住的房子。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词the house在从句中作stay in的宾语，所以为关系代词which引导。故选D项。 11．C 【解析】考查结果状语从句和定语从句。句意：来听他音乐会的人太少了，他感到很失望。当名词前有few，little，many，much等表示数量多少的词修饰时，要用so，而不用such，所以第一空填so；“______ came to his concer”是定语从句，修饰先行词“people”，从句中缺少主语，所以第二空填who；“so...that...”是固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，所以第三空填that。故选C。 12．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：大家都认为会赢得比赛的那个女孩最后输掉了比赛。“________ everybody had thought would win the game”是定语从句，everybody had thought是插入语，解题时可暂时不考虑，定语从句中缺少主语，先行词The girl是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故选C。 13．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那天，我被大约100名“当地”骑行者超过了，他们习惯了这样的道路。“_________ were used to such roads”为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词bikers，指人，关系词将其代入从句作主语，用关系代词who引导从句。故选B项。 14．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我和学校里的几个同学成了好朋友，他们是我去年在英语演讲比赛中认识的。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少met的宾语，所以使用关系代词，先行词students指人，所以此处使用关系代词whom。故选A项。 15．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他是那种所有人都难以取悦的人之一。第一空引导定语从句，先行词为those people。在定语从句中，find sb.+adj.+to do...为固定句型，所以先行词在从句中作find的宾语，可用who或whom引导，第二空不填。把从句独立出来就是：Everybody will find those people hard to please. 故选D。 16．A 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句型。句意：就是在那所学校，他永远不会忘记它的名字，在那里他赢得了关于军队和救援人员如何共同努力使地震灾区恢复正常的一个演讲比赛。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句，关系词替代先行词，先行词this school和空后的name之间为所属关系，所以此处使用关系代词whose作定语；第二空为强调句型“It be+被强调部分+that…”结构，用来强调具体的地点in this school，所以此处应为that。故选A项。 17．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：出席会议的人对他的新作品评价很高，这使他很自豪。第一空为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用关系副词，先行词people前有such修饰，所以此处使用关系代词as引导定语从句；第二个空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所此处使用关系代词，先行词指的是主句的内容，所以此处使用关系代词which 引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。 18．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他是一位我们都钦佩的积极有为的医生。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，先行词为doctor，先行词在从句中作admire后的宾语，且先行词被such修饰，因此需要使用关系代词as。故选D。 19．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：去过上海的游客都认为，不去外滩漫步，上海之行就不完整。“ have visited Shanghai”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词tourists，先行词在定语从句中作主语，当先行词前有such修饰时，定语从句的关系词要用as。故选D项。 20．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们从来没有尝过这个偏远山村独有的奇怪味道，那些食材简单却很罕见。第一空为关系词引导限制性定语从句，flavor是先行词，从句缺主语，先行词被such修饰时，应使用关系代词 as；第二空为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，mountain village是先行词，它和ingredients为所属关系，所以使用whose作定语引导定语从句。故选C项。 21．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：尽量避免会损害你的声誉的事情，除非你不在乎来自四面八方的谣言。空格处引导定语从句，先行词为things，从句中缺少主语，再由such可知，应使用关系代词as，构成“such...as...”，表示“像……一样的”或“诸如……之类”的意思，故选A项。 22．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：不要做那些你不确定的事情。分析句子结构可知，本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是things，关系词在从句中作about的宾语，因此应该用关系代词来引导，由于先行词things前面有such修饰，所以用as引导。故选C. 23．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：等待面试的那个人就是我在电梯里和他说话的那个人。看，他戴着和我现在戴的帽子一样。A. that; as那个；像；B. as; that像；那个；C. as; which像；哪个；D. who; as谁；像。分析可知，the same修饰先行词man，第一空应用关系代词that，第二空表示一模一样的两件物品，应用as，故选A项。 24．C 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：在他成功获得首席执行官职位后，他终于搬进了一间可以俯瞰整个城市的办公室。第一空为“with+宾语+宾补”结构secure意为“获得”与宾语his job as Chief Executive Officer之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补；第二空为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词office指的是事物，所以此处使用关系代词which，结合句意，此处表示“从办公室”为from the office，所以此处介词为from，第二空为“from which”引导定语从句。故选 C。 25．B 【解析】考查定语从句和动词不定式的被动语态。句意：白求恩去世后，毛泽东主席写了一篇纪念他的文章，称赞白求恩医生是中国值得纪念的英雄。分析第一个空：这里是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是“an article”，在从句“he praised Dr. Bethune as a hero...”中，“in the article”表示 “在这篇文章里”，所以关系词可以用“in which”或“where”。分析第二个空：空处为非谓语，表示“一个将被中国铭记的英雄”，“to be done”结构表示将来的被动动作，“a hero ______ in China”，这里应用“to be remembered”作后置定语修饰“a hero”，符合语境。故选B项。 26．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这使得他和他的同事们不得不同时完成不同的任务。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词position可理解为“在…… 处境中”，表示抽象的地点，在从句中作地点状语成分，所以为介词in+关系代词which引导，相当于关系副词where。故选B项。 27．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们钓鱼的河里充满了不同种类的鱼和动物。此处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the river，且关系词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词where或in which引导定语从句，in which指的是in the river，故选A。 28．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多老年人在学会使用微信后，非常享受消息发送和回复的速度。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词speed，指物，且此处表示“以……的速度”应用介词at，即at the speed，所以此处应用介词at+which引导定语从句，故选C。 29．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：墨西哥人表达时间的方式实际上让我比以往任何时候更能活在当下。根据语法规则，“the way”后接句子完整的定语从句时可以使用“that”或“in which”，也可以直接省略，不能用“which”。故选C项。 30．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：据说，当欧洲人第一次到达北美时，有312种不同的语言在使用，其中123种现在已知已经灭绝。此处引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面的先行词312 different languages，使用of which，表达部分与整体的关系，即312种语言中的123种。故选C。 31．A 【解析】考查介词及定语从句。句意：我非常感谢你的帮助，没有它的话，事情对我来说会困难得多。第一空为固定搭配be grateful for sth.表示“对某事表示感激”，所以第一空为介词for；第二空为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词your help指的是事情，所以此处使用关系代词which。故选A项。 32．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这位作家的最新小说获得了几个奖项，他下个月将访问我们学校。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是engineer，关系词替代先行词在从句中充当latest novel的定语，意思是“这位作家的最新小说”，应该使用关系代词whose，故选A项。 33．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：此外，我会不时地布置小组作业，让他们在课堂上完成，或者布置短作业，让他们在家里完成，这些都会被打分。此处为“代词+介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，根据短语both of可知用介词of，作介词的宾语，用which。故选D。 34．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这所房子，门上有一幅美丽的画，是警卫的家，他们中的一些人来自农村。分析句式结构可知，空格处两个句子都是非限制性定语从句，因为先行词house和door之间是所属关系，所以第一空格处用关系代词whose来引导；根据第二空格处前的介词of可知，此处用关系代词whom作介词的宾语。故选A项。 35．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：俱乐部主席，成员们原本认为他是值得信赖的，刚刚带着俱乐部的钱消失了。此处考查非限定性定语从句，先行词是The club chairman，指人，在从句中作 thought 的宾语，所以用关系代词 whom，故选A 项。 36．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这所房子已经成为一个旅游景点，是200年前建造的,它的窗户被打破了。此处需要关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the house，在从句中作定语,关系代词为whose。故选D。 37．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我想向所有的LW英语老师表示感谢，他们的帮助让我在英语方面取得了很大的进步。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为all English teachers，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导，故选B。 38．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个团队提前一个月完成了这个项目，这真是让我们所有人都感到惊讶。A. that那个，用于某些动词、形容词和名词后，引出各种从句；B. which哪一个，……的那个，这；C. when何时，……的时候；D. who谁，……的人。分析句子可知，“really___________ surprised all of us”为之前主句的非限制性定语从句，“surprised”为从句谓语动词，先行词是前面整句话的内容，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导词从句，译为“这”。故选B项。 39．D 【解析】考查固定搭配和定语从句。句意：一些外国医生要过几年才能改变他们对中医的印象，在他们看来，中医只不过是生草药，对治疗疾病根本没有效果。第一空考查impression的固定搭配，impression of sth/sb（对某物/某人的印象）是固定搭配，因此第一空填of。第二空考查非限制性定语从句，逗号后的部分是对 Chinese medicine的补充说明，需用非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese medicine，指物，在从句中作主语，因此需使用关系代词which。故选D。 40．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这家书店是这个街区的一个传奇地标，是一个任何人都可以随便进来，凭借对书籍的热爱而产生共鸣的地方。“ was a legendary fixture in the neighborhood”是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The bookstore，指物，关系词将其代入从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导从句；“ anyone could drop in and connect through their love of books”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a place，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，用关系代词where引导从句。故选B项。 41．B 【解析】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，德国是一个属于第一世界的发达国家。第一空为非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，表示“正如，正像”应用关系代词as引导，位于句首，首字母需大写；句子谓语动词是is，第二空为非谓语动词作定语，belong to“属于”与其逻辑主语country之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故选B。 42．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：像往常一样，他上课又迟到了，这使他的班主任很生气。空处引导非限制性定语从句，位于在句首，修饰主句，在从句中作主语，表示“正如”，故应用关系代词as；句首字母大写。故选B。 43．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正如研究表明，北斗导航卫星系统技术可以更好地记录鸟类的迁徙路线、栖息地点以及它们的飞行方式等信息。根据空后turns和can better record可知，空处应用as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，在从句中作表语，指代整个主句内容。故选D。 44．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这个学习网站真的很有帮助。中学生和家长都能从它那里受益很多。此处为“介词 + 关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是This study website，关系代词使用which，benefit from表示“从……中受益”，所以关系代词which前的介词用from。故选B项。 45．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那片土地，你从中获得力量，是唯一重要的东西。一空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词That land指物，从句中有固定搭配：get sth. from意为“从……得到某物”，缺少介词from，所以应该用from which引导从句，二空处引导定语从句，先行词是the only thing，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，当先行词有only修饰时，只能用that引导。故选D项。 46．D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这门课程通常每年吸引大约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students进行限定说明，空格处表达的应该是“这些学生中多大一半”，即up to half of the students，在定语从句中，应该用关系代词whom代替先行词students作介词of的宾语，且of whom可以提前。故选D项。 47．B 【解析】考查强调句和定语从句。句意：正是在图书馆里，他阅读了有关狄更斯的小说，其中一些被改编成著名的电影。第一空与前文的it is构成强调句句型，即it is+强调的部分+that+从句；第二空处构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，引导词指代前文的novels，为物，用which。故选B。 48．A 【解析】考查名词性从句和定语从句。句意：那所学校发生了很大的变化。它不再是十年前的样子了，那时它的装备很差。第一空为表语从句，从句中缺少表语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导；第二空为非限定性定语从句，ten years ago为先行词，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故选A。 49．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经把野餐的时间推迟到了下周，到那时天气也许会更好。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词next week，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when。故选B。 50．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：根据一些专家的说法，24节气在西汉时期的书籍中第一次被使用，当时立春被定为春节。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Western Han Dynasty，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故选B。 51．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里取了我们的车——一个有轮子的家。句中先行词为Vancouver，在非限定性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选A。 52．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他给经理写了一封自荐信，在信中他推荐自己来应聘这份工作。空处引导非限定性定语从句。先行词为an application letter，在定语从句中充当地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故选C。 53．C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们从温哥华出发，在那里我们取到了这次旅行的交通工具——一辆房车。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Vancouver是地点名词，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where来引导。故选C。 54．A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：昨天我们参观了市博物馆，我以前从未去过这个博物馆。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the City Museum，指物，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句；where在定语从句作状语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，what不引导定语从句。故选A。 55．B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Oyeymi女士七岁时开始写作，她的妈妈正在接受训练成为伦敦地铁的司机。分析句子可知，Ms. Oyeymi为定语从句的先行词，与从句中主语mother构成从属关系，所以用关系代词whose。故选B。 二、 1 56．D 57．D 58．B 59．C 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了音乐行业在可持续性方面的努力和变革。文章还提到了音乐行业在倡导可持续性方面所面临的批评和挑战，以及已经取得的一些实际成果。 56．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But on 25 August, Act 1.5, one of such shows, tried to be something different. Advertised as a “climate action accelerator(加速器)”, it showed the cooperation between a band called Massive Attack and scientists at the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of Manchester, UK, to reduce carbon emissions(排放)in the live music industry.(但在8月25日，名为“Act 1.5”的演出尝试做出一些不同的改变。这场演出被宣传为一个“气候行动加速器”，它展示了一个名为“大规模攻击”的乐队与英国曼彻斯特大学气候变化研究廷德尔中心的科学家之间的合作，目的是减少现场音乐行业的碳排放。)”可知，让Act 1.5音乐活动特别的是基于科学采取绿色行动。故选D。 57．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Such efforts are much needed. In 2010, researchers estimated that the UK music industry produced some 540, 000 tonnes of greenhouse-gas emissions annually. Live music accounted for 74%of that. Those figures are likely to have risen.(这样的努力是非常有必要的。2010年，研究人员估计英国音乐行业每年产生约54万吨的温室气体排放。现场音乐占其中的74%。这些数字很可能已经上升了。)”可知，数据表明英国音乐产业的温室气体排放量较大，强调了其排放影响。因此，第三段列举数据的目的是强调英国音乐产业的排放影响。故选D。 58．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“One common criticism is that stars’ advocacy often focuses on the actions of individual fans. When it comes to high-energy aspects of touring, such as stage power requirements and artists’ travel, their preferred solution is often to find alternative ways to cancel out impact, rather than reducing emissions directly.(一个常见的批评是，明星们的倡导往往集中在个体粉丝的行动上。当涉及到巡演中高能耗的方面，比如舞台电力需求和艺人的出行时，他们偏爱的解决方案往往是寻找替代方式来抵消影响，而不是直接减少排放。)”可知，气候活动家对明星倡导的一个常见批评是，明星们的倡导往往侧重于个体粉丝的行动。当涉及到巡演中高能耗方面（如舞台电力需求和艺人出行）时，他们偏爱的解决方案往往是寻找替代方式来抵消影响，而不是直接减少排放。因此，气候活动家有时不赞成明星的倡导是因为它侧重于粉丝减少排放。故选B。 59．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“However, it is heartening to see that some real change has already been achieved. In 2023,  for the first time, the long-running Glastonbury Festival in the United Kingdom was powered only by fossil-fuel-free(非化石燃料)energy. In June 2024, Coldplay announced that direct emissions from its current world tour were almost 60%lower than those of its 2016-17 stadium tour.(然而，令人欣慰的是，一些切实的改变已经实现了。2023年，英国历史悠久的格拉斯顿伯里音乐节首次完全使用无化石燃料能源来供电。2024年6月，酷玩乐队宣布其当前世界巡演的直接排放量比2016-2017年的体育场巡演低了近60%。)”可知，作者用“heartening”来形容看到的一些切实的改变，并且列举了英国格拉斯顿伯里音乐节使用无化石燃料能源以及酷玩乐队巡演排放量降低等积极的例子。所以，作者对音乐行业解决气候问题的态度是积极的。故选C。 2 60．D 61．C 62．C 63．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述研究表明饮食对认知健康有影响，吃加工红肉增加痴呆风险。 60．细节理解题。根据第一段“A recent study showed that eating processed red meat (like bacon or hot dogs) frequently can increase the chances of developing dementia (痴呆) by 13 percent, but replacing red meat with nuts, beans or fish can lower the risk by 20 percent.(最近一项研究表明，频繁食用加工红肉（如培根或热狗）会使患痴呆症的几率增加 13%，但若用坚果、豆类或鱼类来替代红肉，则可将患病风险降低 20%)”以及第二段 ““Dietary guidelines tend to focus on reducing risks of chronic (慢性的) conditions, while cognitive (认知的) health like dementia is less frequently discussed,” said Daniel Wang, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham health care system.(“膳食指南往往侧重于降低慢性疾病的风险，而像痴呆症这样的认知健康问题则较少被提及，”马萨诸塞州综合布里格姆医疗保健系统的创始成员丹尼尔·王说道)” 可知，该研究聚焦饮食对认知健康的影响。故选D。 61．细节理解题。根据第四段的“The participants underwent standard memory tests, which revealed that each daily serving of processed meat aged the brain by about 1.6 years.(参与者接受了标准的记忆力测试，测试结果显示，每天食用一份加工肉类会使大脑老化约 1.6 年)”可知，每天食用加工红肉会加速大脑衰老。故选C。 62．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Choosing what we put on our plate could be a key differentiator of brain health.(选择我们盘中（所吃的）食物可能是影响大脑健康的一个关键因素)”可推断，我们应关注饮食以改善心理健康。故选C。 63．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent study showed that eating processed red meat (like bacon or hot dogs) frequently can increase the chances of developing dementia (痴呆) by 13 percent, but replacing red meat with nuts, beans or fish can lower the risk by 20 percent.(最近一项研究表明，频繁食用加工红肉（如培根或热狗）会使患痴呆症的几率增加 13%，但若用坚果、豆类或鱼类来替代红肉，则可将患病风险降低 20%)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了一项关于饮食与认知健康（如痴呆风险）的研究，此类内容常见于健康杂志，为大众普及健康知识。故选A。 三、 64．has been recorded 65．a 66．earliest 67．astronauts 68．interest 69．building 70．active 71．for 72．why 73．to open 【解析】本文为一篇说明文。本文讲述了人类与月球的探索历史，从苏联和美国早期的探月成就，到当今各国（包括中国）对月球开发的积极参与。文章强调，月球开发需要国际合作，各国正共同努力为人类开辟新的生存空间。 64．考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的几个世纪里，科学家们记录了大量关于月球的信息，并开展了一系列研究。此处作谓语动词，主语为a lot of information about the moon，为单数，与record之间为被动关系，且根据时间状语In the past centuries可知，此处应用现在完成时，故填has been recorded。 65．考查冠词。句意：同上。此处意为“一系列的”，表达为a series of…，故此处应用不定冠词a，故填a。 66．考查形容词的最高级。句意：苏联是最早访问月球的国家。根据空前的定冠词the可知，此处应用形容词的最高级earliest“最早的”作定语，修饰名词country，故填earliest。 67．考查名词的数。句意：1969年，美国阿波罗11号的宇航员之一阿姆斯特朗踏上了月球。根据空前的one of可知，此处应用名词astronaut“宇航员”的复数形式作介词of的宾语，故填astronauts。 68．考查名词。句意：如今，许多国家对探索月球表现出极大的兴趣。此处作宾语，故用应用名词interest“兴趣”作动词show的宾语，故填interest。 69．考查动名词。句意：美国将花费七年时间在月球上建造基地。此处为spent sometime (in) doing sth.“在某事上花多少时间”结构，故此处应用动名词形式作宾语，故填building。 70．考查形容词。句意：近年来，中国积极参与了嫦娥系列等探月任务。此处意为“积极参加”，表达为take an active part in，故此处应用形容词active“积极的”作定语，修饰名词part，故填active。 71．考查介词。句意：对于任何国家来说，单独建立月球基地并开发月球极其困难。此处为it is+adj.+for sb+to do sth.“对某人来说，做某事是……的”结构，故此处应用介词for，表示“对……来说”，故填for。 72．考查表语从句。句意：这就是为什么各国同意共同开发月球。此处前文“对于任何国家来说，单独建立月球基地并开发月球极其困难”作为后文“各国同意共同开发月球”的原因，故此处应用why引导表语从句，故填why。 73．考查不定式。句意：所有国家正共同努力，尽快为人类开辟新的生存空间。此处表示“所有国家共同努力的目的是为了尽快为人类开辟新的生存空间”，故应用不定式to do作目的状语，故填to open。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$