专题11 语法知识之句子成份(种类)-2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习与能力提升专练(通用版)

2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题11 语法知识之句子成份(种类) 第一部分 句子成份 句子有若干个组成部分,分别承担着不同的作用,这些组成部分叫作句子成份。 英语中的句子成份分为主语(Subject)、 谓语(Predicate)、 宾语(Object) 、 表语(Predicative)、 定语(Attribute)、 状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和 同位语(Appositive)。 (一)主语 在句子中,主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。 主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。 但在某些特定的句 式里,如:疑问句、 倒装句、 祈使句、 感叹句等,句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语 的主要有名词(短语)、 主格代词、 数词、 动词 ing(短语)、 动词不定式(短语)和从句等。 当主语为从句时,为避免 头重脚轻,可用it作形式主语。 ( 1)I’m writing to ask for your guidance on a short play.(主格代词作主语) (2)The route went from our school gate to the foot of the South Mountain.(名词作主语) (3)Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.(动词 ing短语作主语) (4)To bring a small gift is a good idea.(动词不定式作主语) (5)o start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(从句作主语) (6)It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.(It 作形式主语) (二)谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征,常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词、动词短语、系表结构 以及“助动词/情态动词+实义动词” 充当,有时态、语态和语气的变化, 同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。语态判断 的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系,如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态,如果是被动关系就用被动语态。 (1)I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.(“情态动词+实 义动词 ”作谓语) (2)I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5th at 2 pm.(实义动词作谓语) (3)(I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.(系表结构作谓语) (4)First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizons.(情态动词+动词短语作谓语) (5)I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.(实义动词expect前加do强调谓语动词) (6)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places.(谓语动词是被动语态) (三)宾语 宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象,一般位于及物动词和介词的后面,受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词 (短语)、宾格代词、动词 ing(短语)、 动词不定式或从句充当,根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”。 ( 1)Most of the racers finished the whole course. (名词作宾语) (2)I love doing housework.(动词-ing形式作宾语) (3)I’m glad to know that you’ve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.(从句作宾语) (4)Don’t forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式短语作宾语) (5)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.(him为间接宾语; a lot of valuable advice为直接宾语) (6)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语) Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.(us为宾语; to pay more attention...examinations为宾语补足语) (四)表语 表语一般位于系动词(如be/become/get/look/grow/ turn/seem等)之后,用来说明主语这个“主子” 的身份、 特征和状态,一般由名词、 名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、 动词-ing形式、 介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。 ( 1)Needless to say, they were deeply moved.(形容词作表语) (2)The first step is to go exploring. (不定式短语作表语) (3)My favourite sport is running.(动词-ing形式作表语) (五)定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词,可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)或从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况,如短 语结构、从句等作定语时,常置于被修饰词之后。 ( 1)I have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.(形容词作定语) (2) He is a volunteer who works as a gate guard in our community during the epidemic of COVID-19.(从句作定语） (3)(The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.(过去分词短语作定语) (4) In conclusion , we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.(不定式短语作定语) (六)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等充当。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活,所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。 常见情况:通常在句子基本 结构后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰词之前;表示时间、地 点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,地点状语一般放在时间状语之前;一些表示频率 的副词(如often、 always等)作状语通常位于be动词、 助动词、 情态动词之后,实义动词之前。高考中一般考查副词修饰动词的用法,故说它对动词 “情有独钟 ”。 (1)Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control, our neighborhood has been in a good state.(介词短语作状语) (2)Looking forward to seeing you soon.(副词作状语) (3)To let us experience the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruit picking activity on a farm last weekend.(不定式短语作状语) (4)Having known that a traditional Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery in London during the summer holiday,I ’m extremely excited.(现在分词短语作状语) (5)If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.(从句作状语) (6)Refused as I was, I still received some great encouragement, which gives me confidence to be a writer.(从句作状语) (七)补足语 补足语主要起补充说明的作用,最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语,所以说它寄人篱下,成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。 ( 1)We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.(名词短语作宾语补 足语) (2)We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. (形容词作宾语补足语) (3)Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.(不定式短语作宾语补足语) (八) 同位语 对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、 说明,与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同 位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的,所以说它爱玩失踪,如果要对前面的名词的具体内容做进一步 的说明,这时候就需要同位语,可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词、 介词短语、不定 式、动词-ing形式或从句等。 ( 1)I’m Li Jin,a student at Chenguang High School. (名词短语作同位语) (2)There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语) (3) Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.(从句作同位语) 第二部分 句子的种类 I.按用途分 种 类 类 型 例 句 陈述句 肯定句 We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 否定句 They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 疑问句 一般疑问句 Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Haven’t you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ 特殊疑问句 Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 选择疑问句 Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 反意疑问句 They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 祈使句 肯定句 Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。 否定句 Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 感叹句 what + 名词 What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊! What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀! how + 形容词或副词 How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀! How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ how +句子 How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀! How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊! II.按结构分 种类 类型 例句 简单句 主+谓 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 主+谓+宾 He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 主+谓+间宾+直接宾 I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 主+谓+宾+宾补 They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 主+系+表 She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 并列句 并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but, Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。  Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。  Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough.  不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。  转折关系but,while（而，尽管） nevertheless(然而；不过) John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。 因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。 He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。 从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 一、单项选择 1．Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 2．Which part is predicate (表语) of the sentence below? “Though we have known each other for many years, he still seems a stranger to me. ” A．have known B．each other C．for many years D．a stranger to me 3．Which of the italicized parts is an object complement? A．She bought herself a new pair of overalls for her birthday. B．Finishing the task in just two days is considered impossible. C．We advise exchange students to make use of the opportunity. D．You must allow yourself some time to adapt to senior high school life. 4．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 5．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 6．Society as a whole has a responsibility towards its weaker members, __________ as a result of circumstances they could not control, such as illness and disaster. A．people suffered B．who suffering C．people who suffer D．when suffered 7．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 8．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 9．You should register before Friday. 划线部分成分是_______ A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 10．Receiving the letter of admission into my dream university was an unforgettable moment, _________ I will always treasure. A．when B．one C．that D．what 11．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) ________ A．one of our favorites B．to please humans C．in the animal kingdom D．The dolphin’s ability 12．In the sentence “When holiday comes, I feel a little confused, because I always want to do something new.” the underlined part is a(n)________ phrase. A．noun B．adverb C．adjective D．preposition 13．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 14．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 15．With the economy worsening, many workers are out of employment. A．They become jobless. B．They go to employ others. C．They become their own boss. D．They go out to find jobs. 16．According to the results, taking exams and speaking in front of others are among the least popular activities for today’s youth. A．subject B．object C．predicative D．object complement 17．Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A．Subject B．Object C．Predicative(表语) D．Attributive 18．I know the boy very well. I have seen him ________ up from childhood. A．grow B．grew C．growing D．to grow 19．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) A．in the animal kingdowm B．The dolphin’s ability C．one of our favorites D．to please humans 20．Which of the italicized (斜体) parts functions as an object? A．He doesn’t like the idea of  my speaking at the meeting. B．It is no use your pretending not to know the matter. C．Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. D．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night. 21．Is this park ________you visited when you came home last year? A．where B．which C．that D．the one 22．______that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point? A．During the 1980’s B．That it was in the 1980’s C．Was it in the 1980’s D．It was in the 1980’s 23．He has never been to Beijing, ______ ? A．has he B．hasn’t he C．does he D．doesn’t he 24．I don’t think they are right, ______? A．are they B．aren’t they C．do I D．don’t I 25．Lily, don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___________? A．will she B．does it C．will you D．can you 26．If he improved his IT skills, he’d easily get a job, ______? A．hadn’t he B．didn’t he C．couldn’t he D．wouldn’t he 27．—You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you? —______. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World. A．Yes, I have B．No, I haven’t C．Yes, I haven’t D．No, I have 28．She must have attended the violin class yesterday, ________ ? A．doesn’t she B．hasn’t she C．mustn’t she D．didn’t she 29．She must have learned the violin at least ten years, _______? A．doesn’t she B．hasn’t she C．mustn’t she D．haven’t she 30． , but he insisted that he to school. A．Although he was ill; went B．Having been ill; go C．Having been ill; should go D．He was ill; go 31．Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A．the activity trained; it allowed B．did the activity train; did it allow C．did the activity train; it allowed D．the activity trained; did it allow 32．It was not until ________ that he became reassured. A．what was finished B．all that was finished C．he finished all D．his finishing all 33．I have chosen two courses, and ___________ are of great importance. A．both of which B．either of which C．both of them D．all of which 34．Before you plan to go out and play with your friends, finish your homework, ________ you can’t go out to play and will have to stay home to finish it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 35．______________yourself with positive people and you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t. A．Surrounding B．Surrounded C．Surround D．Being surrounded 36．In life-threatening situations, know where the exits are, be alert to fire alarms and emergency broadcasts, and __________, don’t __________. A．above all...be panic B．above all...panic C．at some point...be panic D．at some point...panic 37．Try to believe in yourself, ________ you’ll never succeed. A．and B．or C．but D．as 38．________ calm and you will make it. A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．If you keep 39．I went to talk with my teacher Nancy, __________ words made me realize __________ silly mistakes I had made. A．whose; how B．which; what C．who; how D．whose; what 40．________ bad weather it is today! A．How a B．What a C．How D．What 41．_____ we’re having beautiful sunshine and clear sky. A．What a fine weather B．What fine weather C．How a fine weather D．How fine weather 42．The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. exciting news it is! A．What B．How C．How an D．What an 43．It was on the occasion________ John received the offer from his dream university________ he felt his long-term efforts finally paid off. A．when; that B．which; that C．that; where D．that; when 44．________ no bus available, we had to walk home in the rain. A．There was B．Being C．There being D．Having 45．I don’t have to do all the things for you, ________? A．have I B．have you C．do I D．do you 46．—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you _________. You can keep it until next Thursday. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．dare not 47．---Do you mind if I record your lecture? ---________. Go ahead. A．Yes, I do. B．Not at all. C．No way. D．No, you' d better not. 48．— ______ will your father come back home? —In three days. A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How soon 49．—________ do you think of English study, Anne? — I find ________ a little hard to learn English well, so I should work harder and make greater progress. A．How; it B．What; that C．What; it D．How; that 50．—What impresses you most when you visit the Acropolis? —________ it is that has brought the grand palace into today’s terrible scene. A．Where B．What C．How D．That 51．______ is the percentage of the peasants of the country? A．How many B．How much C．What D．How small 52．—Who are you waiting for? — ________. A．A professor will give us a lecture B．Because a professor will give us a lecture C．A professor to give us a lecture D．A professor is to give us a lecture 53．— ________ is her daughter? — The girl on the right wearing blue jeans. A．Who B．What C．Which D．Where 54．—________ is your younger brother? —He is five years old. A．How often B．How much C．How old D．How long 55．—_________is the park? —It’s near the school. A．What B．Where C．There D．How 56．When learning he was admitted to a key college, _________. A．he burst into tears B．tears came to his eyes C．he can hardly keep back his tears D．and his parents were wild with joy 57．______ but she knows a lot about the world. A．Though she is a child B．Child as she is C．She is a child D．Being a child 58．________ a beautiful singing voice, so she was encouraged to apply for the program of vocal music. A．Born in B．Having born in C．Being born with D．She was born with 59．________ afraid. I won’t let these dogs bite you! A．Not B．Don’t C．Not be D．Don’t be 60．“______ that again!” My father shouted to me when I was found playing with fire. A．Never to do B．Don’t never to C．Do never D．Never do 61．The manner _________ a telephone is answered gives the image of the organization, so _______ polite and pleasant when answering the telephone. A．in which; be B．where; be C．which; being D．in which; being 62．_______your savings so fast,or you'll end up as a beggar. A．Stop to spend B．To stop to spend C．Stop spending D．Stopping spending 63．—Tom is said ______ his composition. —If so, let’s not ______ him. A．writing; disturb B．to be writing; to disturb C．to be writing; disturb D．to have written; to disturb 64．Despite being known for his charismatic presentations, Steve Jobs was unaware ________ a significant impact his words had on the audience, as they were not only captivated by his talent but were also inspired to value accumulation and cherish time. A．of how B．of what C．that how D．that what 65． it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A．How amazing day B．How an amazing day C．What amazing day D．What an amazing day 66．Mr. Robinson repairs the planes that carry people all over the world! ________ wonderful job he has! A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 67．________ fine weather it is! Shall we go hiking in the hills? A．How a B．What a C．What D．How 68．___________ garden it is! A．How beautiful B．What beautiful C．What a beautiful D．How a beautiful 69．______ nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 70． it is to jump into the river to have a swim in hot summer! A．What a fun B．How a fun C．What fun D．How fun 71．Look! The little boy is playing on the motorway. ___it is! A．What a dangerous thing B．What dangerous a thing C．How a dangerous thing D．How dangerous the thing 72．________ weather it is today! A．What fine a B．How fine a C．What fine D．How fine 73．________ sunny day it is! It’s really a good day to go hiking. A．How a B．What C．What a D．How 74．______ important information this is! A．How a B．What C．What an D．How 75．—Have you watched the movie called Amazing China? —Sure, I have. _________great achievements our country has made! A．What a B．What an C．What D．How 二、阅读理解 1 Here are some festivals worth joining in Mexico. Guelaguetza, Oaxaca Guelaguetza is a 3,000-year-old festival that serves S as a celebration of the state’s amazingly diverse native culture. Oaxaca’s 16 native groups are represented, with dancers, musicians and people having fun from each group traveling to the state capital for the last two Mondays of July. Their parades mainly happen in an open-air theatre built on the Cerro del Fortin hilltop, for which tickets are required. Carnival, Mazatlan The festival, which typically begins in February or March, has the same roots as its well-known ones in Brazil and the Caribbean. But today, Mazatlan’s Carnival is mostly an excuse for a citywide party. Bright lights shine from the sides of big parade floats (彩车). Dancers wearing feathery headdresses spin to loud music late into the night. The daytime parade is usually calmer and more family-friendly. Day of the Dead, Oaxaca It is celebrated on November l and 2. The walls of Oaxaca are covered with bright orange marigolds (万寿菊). These flowers are fixed to doors, hung in garlands, or even cover whole buildings. According to legend, the flowers guide the souls of the dead back to the land of the living, where they are welcomed with lively street parties. Festival International Cervantino, Guanajuato This celebration takes place in the central Mexican city of Guanajuato each October. It is named after the Spaniard Miguel de Cervantes, who wrote Don Quixote. Its full schedule of live activities includes performances of traditional Mexican folk ballet and music. 76．What makes Guelaguetza different from other festivals? A．It is held in honor of a famous writer. B．It requires tickets for its parade theatre. C．It promotes the development of its town. D．It has been changed to a citywide party. 77．Which festival takes place the latest in a year? A．Guelaguetza. B．Carnival. C．Day of the Dead. D．Festival International Cervantino. 78．What can people do during the Festival International Cervantino? A．Watch shows of traditional Mexican dance. B．Visit an open-air theatre built on the hilltop. C．See dancers wearing painted masks spin around. D．Enjoy the parade with bright lights on big floats. 2 As my husband AJ and I waited to step into our first 5-kilometre race together, we bounced up and down at the start line in the bitter January cold. He started running to lose weight, focusing on the twenty-five pounds he’d put on since we married. When the gun erupted, he shot ahead. I regularly walked, so I paced myself with easy jog. After a few minutes of running, I caught him up. Always competitive, I pushed the pace, finishing the race in a respectable time of just over twenty-five minutes. AJ was mortified. He couldn’t believe that I, untrained and not in shape, had beaten him. He knew he would have to truly get in shape so he could run a marathon that spring. I encouraged him to move every day and set goals. Then, after AJ did his first marathon, he announced that he was going to run a marathon in each state, and that he’d finish it by the time he was fifty. He’d just started running six months earlier. It was challenging. In rural Indiana for his race, AJ ran on wooded paths through the large hills. The November air was cold. It got dark early. He saw lightning, loose dogs, and warning signs to watch for hunters. All the other competitors had either finished or quit. But AJ did it. He ran out of his comfort zone! Four years later, with four kids, he wanted to try a hundred-miler. I watched and cheered with the two oldest children. His friends came and supported him. AJ had pushed himself beyond what he thought he was capable of, finishing his hundred miles in a little under twenty-four hours. An entire day of running! He showed my girls the meaning of pushing yourself to your limit. 79．Why did AJ decide to take up running? A．To solve his weight problem. B．To share hobbies with the author. C．To impress his children with his ability. D．To win the running race over the author. 80．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Excited. B．Annoyed. C．Embarrassed. D．Interested. 81．What challenge did AJ face during his marathon in rural Indiana? A．Poorly organized running paths. B．Dangerous racing environment. C．Running in extreme midday heat. D．Heavy snowfall blocking the path. 82．What did AJ show to his children by trying the hundred-miler? A．Running requires expensive equipment. B．Success depends on talent and great effort. C．Family support is necessary for success. D．One can achieve seemingly impossible goals. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Duku Highway, 83 (view) as a remarkable road in Xinjiang, China, stretches for 561 kilometers, connecting Dushanzi in the north and Kuqa in the south. This highway 84 (wind) through the fantastic Tianshan Mountains, offering various breathtaking views. 85 (complete) Duku Highway, thousands of soldiers and workers devoted themselves to its construction. They overcame numerous challenges like complex terrains (地形) and tough weather, 168 of 86 gave their precious lives. Their heroic effort turned a laborious journey into an extraordinary transportation backbone road, shortening the distance between north and south Xinjiang and strengthening national 87 (defend). Currently, with its attractive scenery and rich cultural connotations (内涵), nobody denies the fact 88 Duku Highway has become the most popular tourist route in China. The highway presents diverse landscapes 89 (range) from snow-capped peaks and thick forests to vast grasslands and deep valleys. Thanks 90 snow weather and road icing, it’s open from June to October annually. Travelers sing high praise for its ever-changing views, calling it 91 must-drive route. Economically, Duku Highway has boosted local development, with the rapid growth of tourism. Culturally, it has promoted ethnic (民族的) integration as people from different ethnic groups along the route interact even 92 (frequently). It has become a symbol of Xinjiang’s beauty and a testament to China’s wisdom and perseverance. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年暑假新高一英语衔接学习系列 专题11 语法知识之句子成份(种类) 第一部分 句子成份 句子有若干个组成部分,分别承担着不同的作用,这些组成部分叫作句子成份。 英语中的句子成份分为主语(Subject)、 谓语(Predicate)、 宾语(Object) 、 表语(Predicative)、 定语(Attribute)、 状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和 同位语(Appositive)。 (一)主语 在句子中,主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。 主语一般位于句子开头,且不能省略。 但在某些特定的句 式里,如:疑问句、 倒装句、 祈使句、 感叹句等,句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语 的主要有名词(短语)、 主格代词、 数词、 动词 ing(短语)、 动词不定式(短语)和从句等。 当主语为从句时,为避免 头重脚轻,可用it作形式主语。 ( 1)I’m writing to ask for your guidance on a short play.(主格代词作主语) (2)The route went from our school gate to the foot of the South Mountain.(名词作主语) (3)Taking part in a fruit picking activity on a farm is meaningful and rewarding.(动词 ing短语作主语) (4)To bring a small gift is a good idea.(动词不定式作主语) (5)o start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8 of the Teaching Building at 10 am next Friday.(从句作主语) (6)It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives from which to study how people manage their lives.(It 作形式主语) (二)谓语 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征,常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词、动词短语、系表结构 以及“助动词/情态动词+实义动词” 充当,有时态、语态和语气的变化, 同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。语态判断 的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系,如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态,如果是被动关系就用被动语态。 (1)I can give a brief introduction of these masterpieces from the perspective of a native speaker of China.(“情态动词+实 义动词 ”作谓语) (2)I have good news to tell you that a music festival will be held in our school hall on June 5th at 2 pm.(实义动词作谓语) (3)(I am good at English and familiar with Chinese paintings.(系表结构作谓语) (4)First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizons.(情态动词+动词短语作谓语) (5)I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future.(实义动词expect前加do强调谓语动词) (6)Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places.(谓语动词是被动语态) (三)宾语 宾语表示谓语动作、行为的对象,一般位于及物动词和介词的后面,受到主语的限制和制约。宾语一般由名词 (短语)、宾格代词、动词 ing(短语)、 动词不定式或从句充当,根据需要也可用it作形式宾语。宾语在被动结构中才会“翻身农奴把歌唱”。 ( 1)Most of the racers finished the whole course. (名词作宾语) (2)I love doing housework.(动词-ing形式作宾语) (3)I’m glad to know that you’ve come to China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.(从句作宾语) (4)Don’t forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers.(不定式短语作宾语) (5)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语) Mr Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.(him为间接宾语; a lot of valuable advice为直接宾语) (6)复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语) Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations.(us为宾语; to pay more attention...examinations为宾语补足语) (四)表语 表语一般位于系动词(如be/become/get/look/grow/ turn/seem等)之后,用来说明主语这个“主子” 的身份、 特征和状态,一般由名词、 名词性物主代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式(短语)、 动词-ing形式、 介词短语、副词及表语从句等充当。 ( 1)Needless to say, they were deeply moved.(形容词作表语) (2)The first step is to go exploring. (不定式短语作表语) (3)My favourite sport is running.(动词-ing形式作表语) (五)定语 修饰或限定名词或代词的词、短语或从句被称为定语。定语服务于它所修饰或限定的名词或代词,可由形容词、数词、形容词性物主代词、介词短语、非谓语动词(短语)或从句等充当。定语有前置和后置两种情况,如短 语结构、从句等作定语时,常置于被修饰词之后。 ( 1)I have achieved satisfactory results in recent examinations.(形容词作定语) (2) He is a volunteer who works as a gate guard in our community during the epidemic of COVID-19.(从句作定语） (3)(The exhibition will be held in the City Museum located in the north of our city.(过去分词短语作定语) (4) In conclusion , we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.(不定式短语作定语) (六)状语 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、程度、伴随等意义。状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或从句等充当。 状语在句子中的位置很灵活,所以说它“行踪飘忽不定”。 常见情况:通常在句子基本 结构后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰词之前;表示时间、地 点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,地点状语一般放在时间状语之前;一些表示频率 的副词(如often、 always等)作状语通常位于be动词、 助动词、 情态动词之后,实义动词之前。高考中一般考查副词修饰动词的用法,故说它对动词 “情有独钟 ”。 (1)Thanks to his efforts in epidemic prevention and control, our neighborhood has been in a good state.(介词短语作状语) (2)Looking forward to seeing you soon.(副词作状语) (3)To let us experience the life in the countryside, our school organized a fruit picking activity on a farm last weekend.(不定式短语作状语) (4)Having known that a traditional Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery in London during the summer holiday,I ’m extremely excited.(现在分词短语作状语) (5)If you want a deep experience in the city, shared bikes would be the best choice.(从句作状语) (6)Refused as I was, I still received some great encouragement, which gives me confidence to be a writer.(从句作状语) (七)补足语 补足语主要起补充说明的作用,最常见的是宾语补足语和主语补足语,所以说它寄人篱下,成不了“主人”。补足语可由名词(短语)、形容词、副词、不定式(短语)、分词、介词短语或从句充当。 ( 1)We sincerely wish you a quick recovery and an early return to China.(名词短语作宾语补 足语) (2)We’ll try our best to make our country more and more beautiful. (形容词作宾语补足语) (3)Because this activity will be presented on the English website, I sincerely want you to offer me some advice.(不定式短语作宾语补足语) (八) 同位语 对句子中的名词或代词做进一步解释、 说明,与前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫作同 位语。英语句子表达中一般情况下是没有同位语的,所以说它爱玩失踪,如果要对前面的名词的具体内容做进一步 的说明,这时候就需要同位语,可谓“显露原形”。可以用作同位语的有名词(短语)、代词、数词、 介词短语、不定 式、动词-ing形式或从句等。 ( 1)I’m Li Jin,a student at Chenguang High School. (名词短语作同位语) (2)There is no doubt that I will improve its reputation through my efforts.(从句作同位语) (3) Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to Chinese traditional customs.(从句作同位语) 第二部分 句子的种类 I.按用途分 种 类 类 型 例 句 陈述句 肯定句 We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 否定句 They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 疑问句 一般疑问句 Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Haven’t you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ 特殊疑问句 Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ 选择疑问句 Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 反意疑问句 They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ 祈使句 肯定句 Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。 否定句 Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 感叹句 what + 名词 What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊! What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀! how + 形容词或副词 How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀! How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ how +句子 How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀! How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊! II.按结构分 种类 类型 例句 简单句 主+谓 They disappeared. 他们消失了。 主+谓+宾 He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 主+谓+间宾+直接宾 I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 主+谓+宾+宾补 They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 主+系+表 She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 并列句 并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but, Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。  Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。  Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough.  不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。  转折关系but,while（而，尽管） nevertheless(然而；不过) John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。 因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。 He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。 从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 一、单项选择 1．Through these activities we teach students about the importance of civic engagement and we make it fun for students to be involved in bettering their communities. 划线部分在句中充当________ A．宾语 B．表语 C．状语 D．宾语补足语 2．Which part is predicate (表语) of the sentence below? “Though we have known each other for many years, he still seems a stranger to me. ” A．have known B．each other C．for many years D．a stranger to me 3．Which of the italicized parts is an object complement? A．She bought herself a new pair of overalls for her birthday. B．Finishing the task in just two days is considered impossible. C．We advise exchange students to make use of the opportunity. D．You must allow yourself some time to adapt to senior high school life. 4．It is not unusual for teenagers of your generation to be attracted to computer games. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．状语 5．I found most of my classmates and teachers friendly and helpful. A．主语 B．宾语 C．宾补 D．表语 6．Society as a whole has a responsibility towards its weaker members, __________ as a result of circumstances they could not control, such as illness and disaster. A．people suffered B．who suffering C．people who suffer D．when suffered 7．Jack offered me some helpful advice. A．indirect object B．direct object C．adverbial D．attributive 8．The meeting held yesterday was important. A．verb B．object C．attributive D．adverbial 9．You should register before Friday. 划线部分成分是_______ A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．状语 10．Receiving the letter of admission into my dream university was an unforgettable moment, _________ I will always treasure. A．when B．one C．that D．what 11．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) ________ A．one of our favorites B．to please humans C．in the animal kingdom D．The dolphin’s ability 12．In the sentence “When holiday comes, I feel a little confused, because I always want to do something new.” the underlined part is a(n)________ phrase. A．noun B．adverb C．adjective D．preposition 13．Trees turn green when spring comes. A．谓语 B．状语 C．表语 D．定语 14．No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month A．谓语 B．表语 C．宾语补足语 D．状语 15．With the economy worsening, many workers are out of employment. A．They become jobless. B．They go to employ others. C．They become their own boss. D．They go out to find jobs. 16．According to the results, taking exams and speaking in front of others are among the least popular activities for today’s youth. A．subject B．object C．predicative D．object complement 17．Harvard University is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A．Subject B．Object C．Predicative(表语) D．Attributive 18．I know the boy very well. I have seen him ________ up from childhood. A．grow B．grew C．growing D．to grow 19．The dolphin’s ability to please humans has made it one of our favorites in the animal kingdom. (选出本句中的状语) A．in the animal kingdowm B．The dolphin’s ability C．one of our favorites D．to please humans 20．Which of the italicized (斜体) parts functions as an object? A．He doesn’t like the idea of  my speaking at the meeting. B．It is no use your pretending not to know the matter. C．Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. D．My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night. 21．Is this park ________you visited when you came home last year? A．where B．which C．that D．the one 22．______that the trade between the two countries reached its highest point? A．During the 1980’s B．That it was in the 1980’s C．Was it in the 1980’s D．It was in the 1980’s 23．He has never been to Beijing, ______ ? A．has he B．hasn’t he C．does he D．doesn’t he 24．I don’t think they are right, ______? A．are they B．aren’t they C．do I D．don’t I 25．Lily, don’t forget to give Polly some food and change her water, ___________? A．will she B．does it C．will you D．can you 26．If he improved his IT skills, he’d easily get a job, ______? A．hadn’t he B．didn’t he C．couldn’t he D．wouldn’t he 27．—You’ve never seen dinosaur eggs, have you? —______. How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World. A．Yes, I have B．No, I haven’t C．Yes, I haven’t D．No, I have 28．She must have attended the violin class yesterday, ________ ? A．doesn’t she B．hasn’t she C．mustn’t she D．didn’t she 29．She must have learned the violin at least ten years, _______? A．doesn’t she B．hasn’t she C．mustn’t she D．haven’t she 30． , but he insisted that he to school. A．Although he was ill; went B．Having been ill; go C．Having been ill; should go D．He was ill; go 31．Not only ________my skills of communication but also ________me to know more about our traditional culture. A．the activity trained; it allowed B．did the activity train; did it allow C．did the activity train; it allowed D．the activity trained; did it allow 32．It was not until ________ that he became reassured. A．what was finished B．all that was finished C．he finished all D．his finishing all 33．I have chosen two courses, and ___________ are of great importance. A．both of which B．either of which C．both of them D．all of which 34．Before you plan to go out and play with your friends, finish your homework, ________ you can’t go out to play and will have to stay home to finish it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 35．______________yourself with positive people and you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t. A．Surrounding B．Surrounded C．Surround D．Being surrounded 36．In life-threatening situations, know where the exits are, be alert to fire alarms and emergency broadcasts, and __________, don’t __________. A．above all...be panic B．above all...panic C．at some point...be panic D．at some point...panic 37．Try to believe in yourself, ________ you’ll never succeed. A．and B．or C．but D．as 38．________ calm and you will make it. A．Keeping B．Keep C．To keep D．If you keep 39．I went to talk with my teacher Nancy, __________ words made me realize __________ silly mistakes I had made. A．whose; how B．which; what C．who; how D．whose; what 40．________ bad weather it is today! A．How a B．What a C．How D．What 41．_____ we’re having beautiful sunshine and clear sky. A．What a fine weather B．What fine weather C．How a fine weather D．How fine weather 42．The metro in Lanzhou is open to the public. exciting news it is! A．What B．How C．How an D．What an 43．It was on the occasion________ John received the offer from his dream university________ he felt his long-term efforts finally paid off. A．when; that B．which; that C．that; where D．that; when 44．________ no bus available, we had to walk home in the rain. A．There was B．Being C．There being D．Having 45．I don’t have to do all the things for you, ________? A．have I B．have you C．do I D．do you 46．—Must I return the book tomorrow? —No, you _________. You can keep it until next Thursday. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．dare not 47．---Do you mind if I record your lecture? ---________. Go ahead. A．Yes, I do. B．Not at all. C．No way. D．No, you' d better not. 48．— ______ will your father come back home? —In three days. A．How long B．How many C．How often D．How soon 49．—________ do you think of English study, Anne? — I find ________ a little hard to learn English well, so I should work harder and make greater progress. A．How; it B．What; that C．What; it D．How; that 50．—What impresses you most when you visit the Acropolis? —________ it is that has brought the grand palace into today’s terrible scene. A．Where B．What C．How D．That 51．______ is the percentage of the peasants of the country? A．How many B．How much C．What D．How small 52．—Who are you waiting for? — ________. A．A professor will give us a lecture B．Because a professor will give us a lecture C．A professor to give us a lecture D．A professor is to give us a lecture 53．— ________ is her daughter? — The girl on the right wearing blue jeans. A．Who B．What C．Which D．Where 54．—________ is your younger brother? —He is five years old. A．How often B．How much C．How old D．How long 55．—_________is the park? —It’s near the school. A．What B．Where C．There D．How 56．When learning he was admitted to a key college, _________. A．he burst into tears B．tears came to his eyes C．he can hardly keep back his tears D．and his parents were wild with joy 57．______ but she knows a lot about the world. A．Though she is a child B．Child as she is C．She is a child D．Being a child 58．________ a beautiful singing voice, so she was encouraged to apply for the program of vocal music. A．Born in B．Having born in C．Being born with D．She was born with 59．________ afraid. I won’t let these dogs bite you! A．Not B．Don’t C．Not be D．Don’t be 60．“______ that again!” My father shouted to me when I was found playing with fire. A．Never to do B．Don’t never to C．Do never D．Never do 61．The manner _________ a telephone is answered gives the image of the organization, so _______ polite and pleasant when answering the telephone. A．in which; be B．where; be C．which; being D．in which; being 62．_______your savings so fast,or you'll end up as a beggar. A．Stop to spend B．To stop to spend C．Stop spending D．Stopping spending 63．—Tom is said ______ his composition. —If so, let’s not ______ him. A．writing; disturb B．to be writing; to disturb C．to be writing; disturb D．to have written; to disturb 64．Despite being known for his charismatic presentations, Steve Jobs was unaware ________ a significant impact his words had on the audience, as they were not only captivated by his talent but were also inspired to value accumulation and cherish time. A．of how B．of what C．that how D．that what 65． it was to see the main sights of the world in the World Park! A．How amazing day B．How an amazing day C．What amazing day D．What an amazing day 66．Mr. Robinson repairs the planes that carry people all over the world! ________ wonderful job he has! A．How B．What C．How a D．What a 67．________ fine weather it is! Shall we go hiking in the hills? A．How a B．What a C．What D．How 68．___________ garden it is! A．How beautiful B．What beautiful C．What a beautiful D．How a beautiful 69．______ nice weather it is! Let’s go for a picnic, Frank. A．What B．What a C．How D．How a 70． it is to jump into the river to have a swim in hot summer! A．What a fun B．How a fun C．What fun D．How fun 71．Look! The little boy is playing on the motorway. ___it is! A．What a dangerous thing B．What dangerous a thing C．How a dangerous thing D．How dangerous the thing 72．________ weather it is today! A．What fine a B．How fine a C．What fine D．How fine 73．________ sunny day it is! It’s really a good day to go hiking. A．How a B．What C．What a D．How 74．______ important information this is! A．How a B．What C．What an D．How 75．—Have you watched the movie called Amazing China? —Sure, I have. _________great achievements our country has made! A．What a B．What an C．What D．How 二、阅读理解 1 Here are some festivals worth joining in Mexico. Guelaguetza, Oaxaca Guelaguetza is a 3,000-year-old festival that serves S as a celebration of the state’s amazingly diverse native culture. Oaxaca’s 16 native groups are represented, with dancers, musicians and people having fun from each group traveling to the state capital for the last two Mondays of July. Their parades mainly happen in an open-air theatre built on the Cerro del Fortin hilltop, for which tickets are required. Carnival, Mazatlan The festival, which typically begins in February or March, has the same roots as its well-known ones in Brazil and the Caribbean. But today, Mazatlan’s Carnival is mostly an excuse for a citywide party. Bright lights shine from the sides of big parade floats (彩车). Dancers wearing feathery headdresses spin to loud music late into the night. The daytime parade is usually calmer and more family-friendly. Day of the Dead, Oaxaca It is celebrated on November l and 2. The walls of Oaxaca are covered with bright orange marigolds (万寿菊). These flowers are fixed to doors, hung in garlands, or even cover whole buildings. According to legend, the flowers guide the souls of the dead back to the land of the living, where they are welcomed with lively street parties. Festival International Cervantino, Guanajuato This celebration takes place in the central Mexican city of Guanajuato each October. It is named after the Spaniard Miguel de Cervantes, who wrote Don Quixote. Its full schedule of live activities includes performances of traditional Mexican folk ballet and music. 76．What makes Guelaguetza different from other festivals? A．It is held in honor of a famous writer. B．It requires tickets for its parade theatre. C．It promotes the development of its town. D．It has been changed to a citywide party. 77．Which festival takes place the latest in a year? A．Guelaguetza. B．Carnival. C．Day of the Dead. D．Festival International Cervantino. 78．What can people do during the Festival International Cervantino? A．Watch shows of traditional Mexican dance. B．Visit an open-air theatre built on the hilltop. C．See dancers wearing painted masks spin around. D．Enjoy the parade with bright lights on big floats. 2 As my husband AJ and I waited to step into our first 5-kilometre race together, we bounced up and down at the start line in the bitter January cold. He started running to lose weight, focusing on the twenty-five pounds he’d put on since we married. When the gun erupted, he shot ahead. I regularly walked, so I paced myself with easy jog. After a few minutes of running, I caught him up. Always competitive, I pushed the pace, finishing the race in a respectable time of just over twenty-five minutes. AJ was mortified. He couldn’t believe that I, untrained and not in shape, had beaten him. He knew he would have to truly get in shape so he could run a marathon that spring. I encouraged him to move every day and set goals. Then, after AJ did his first marathon, he announced that he was going to run a marathon in each state, and that he’d finish it by the time he was fifty. He’d just started running six months earlier. It was challenging. In rural Indiana for his race, AJ ran on wooded paths through the large hills. The November air was cold. It got dark early. He saw lightning, loose dogs, and warning signs to watch for hunters. All the other competitors had either finished or quit. But AJ did it. He ran out of his comfort zone! Four years later, with four kids, he wanted to try a hundred-miler. I watched and cheered with the two oldest children. His friends came and supported him. AJ had pushed himself beyond what he thought he was capable of, finishing his hundred miles in a little under twenty-four hours. An entire day of running! He showed my girls the meaning of pushing yourself to your limit. 79．Why did AJ decide to take up running? A．To solve his weight problem. B．To share hobbies with the author. C．To impress his children with his ability. D．To win the running race over the author. 80．What does the underlined word “mortified” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Excited. B．Annoyed. C．Embarrassed. D．Interested. 81．What challenge did AJ face during his marathon in rural Indiana? A．Poorly organized running paths. B．Dangerous racing environment. C．Running in extreme midday heat. D．Heavy snowfall blocking the path. 82．What did AJ show to his children by trying the hundred-miler? A．Running requires expensive equipment. B．Success depends on talent and great effort. C．Family support is necessary for success. D．One can achieve seemingly impossible goals. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Duku Highway, 83 (view) as a remarkable road in Xinjiang, China, stretches for 561 kilometers, connecting Dushanzi in the north and Kuqa in the south. This highway 84 (wind) through the fantastic Tianshan Mountains, offering various breathtaking views. 85 (complete) Duku Highway, thousands of soldiers and workers devoted themselves to its construction. They overcame numerous challenges like complex terrains (地形) and tough weather, 168 of 86 gave their precious lives. Their heroic effort turned a laborious journey into an extraordinary transportation backbone road, shortening the distance between north and south Xinjiang and strengthening national 87 (defend). Currently, with its attractive scenery and rich cultural connotations (内涵), nobody denies the fact 88 Duku Highway has become the most popular tourist route in China. The highway presents diverse landscapes 89 (range) from snow-capped peaks and thick forests to vast grasslands and deep valleys. Thanks 90 snow weather and road icing, it’s open from June to October annually. Travelers sing high praise for its ever-changing views, calling it 91 must-drive route. Economically, Duku Highway has boosted local development, with the rapid growth of tourism. Culturally, it has promoted ethnic (民族的) integration as people from different ethnic groups along the route interact even 92 (frequently). It has become a symbol of Xinjiang’s beauty and a testament to China’s wisdom and perseverance. 参考答案 一、 1．D 【解析】考查句子成份。句意：通过这些活动，我们教导学生公民参与的重要性，并使学生参与改善社区的活动变得有趣。分析句子的结构可知，设空处为“make+宾语+宾补”的结构，其中 it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为动词不定式to be involved in bettering their communities，fun为宾语补足语，故选D。 2．D 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：“虽然我们已经认识很多年了，但他对我来说仍然是一个陌生人。”本句是Though引导的让步状语从句，其中we是主语，have known是谓语动词，each other是宾语，for many years是时间状语；在主句中he是主语，seems是系动词，a stranger to me是表语，故选D项。 3．C 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：哪个斜体部分是宾语补足语？选择项A斜体部分a new pair of overalls在句中作直接宾语；选择项B斜体部分impossible在句中作表语；选择项C斜体部分to make use of the opportunity在句中作宾语补足语；选择项D斜体部分some time在句中作宾语。故选C。 4．A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：你们这一代的青少年被电脑游戏吸引并不罕见。分析句子可知，这里考查固定句型it is adj. for sb to do sth，表“做某事对于某人来说是...”，本句中it作形式主语，而不定式to be attracted to computer games为逻辑主语。故选A项。 5．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我发现我的大多数同学和老师都很友好，乐于助人。分析句子可知，friendly and helpful为形容词短语，在本句中作宾补，对宾语most of my classmates and teachers进行补充说明。故选C项。 6．C 【解析】考查同位语和定语从句。句意：社会整体对它的弱势成员负有责任，这些成员因他们无法控制的情况，如疾病和灾难而遭受痛苦。空处用people作weaker members的同位语，同时people又作为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作主语，指人，用who引导该限制性定语从句，suffer为从句中的谓语动词。故选C项。 7．B 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：杰克给了我一些有用的建议。A.indirect object间接宾语； B.direct object直接宾语；C. adverbial状语；D.attributive定语。本句主语为Jack，谓语为offered，间接宾语为me，指的是接受建议的人，所以划线部分为直接宾语，这是offered的对象，即被提供的具体内容。故选B。 8．C 【解析】考查句子的基本结构与过去分词。句意：昨天举行的会议很重要。分析句子结构可知，主语为The meeting，谓语动词为系动词was，important为表语；held yesterday位于名词之后，修饰名词，所以为定语。故选C。 9．D 【解析】考查句子结构。句意：你应该在星期五之前登记。句中before Friday是时间状语，修饰谓语动词register。故选D。 10．B 【解析】考查代词。句意：收到我梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书是一个难忘的时刻，我将永远珍惜。A. when当……时；B. one一个；C. that那个；D. what什么。此处泛指“我将永远珍惜的一个时刻”，使用代词one作moment的同位语，空后是定语从句，修饰one，故选B。 11．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：海豚取悦人类的能力使它成为动物王国中我们最喜欢的动物之一。A. one of our favorites：这是made的宾语补足语，用来描述it（即海豚取悦人类的能力）的结果或状态，不是状语；B. to please humans：这是ability的后置定语，用来描述海豚的哪种能力，不是状语；C. in the animal kingdom：这个短语描述了favorites的范围，即“在动物界中”，符合状语的定义——用来描述动作、状态或方式等的附加信息，在这里，它修饰了favorites，说明了是在哪个范围内（动物界）成为最受欢迎的；D. The dolphin’s ability：这是句子的主语，不是状语。故选C。 12．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：当假期来临的时候，我感到有点困惑，因为我总是想做一些新的事情。“a little confused”中的“confused”是形容词，表示“困惑的”，作表语，而“a little”作为副词短语修饰这个形容词，整个短语“a little confused”就是一个形容词短语，用来描述主语“I”的感受。故选C。 13．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：当春天来临时，树木变绿。分析句子结构可知，Trees为主语，turn为系动词，green为表语；when spring comes为时间状语从句，状语从句中spring为主语，comes为谓语。故选A项。 14．A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：不管任务有多难，我们必须在这个月完成它。分析句子的成分可知，该句为no matter引导的让步状语从句，主语为“we”，谓语为“ must fulfil ”宾语为“it”，“this month”为句子的宾语，划线部分为谓语。故选A。 15．A 【解析】考查句意理解。句意：随着经济的恶化，许多工人失业了。A. They become jobless.(他们失业了。)；B. They go to employ others.(他们去雇佣别人。)；C. They become their own boss.(他们成为自己的老板。)；D. They go out to find jobs.(他们出去找工作。)。划线部分中many workers意为“许多工人”作主语，out of employment意为“失业”作表语，所以划线句子的意思为“许多工人失业了。”，比较选项可知，A选项的意思与划线部分的意义相近。故选A项。 16．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：根据调查结果，参加考试和在别人面前演讲是当今年轻人最不受欢迎的活动之一。A. subject主语；B. object宾语；C. predicative表语；D. object complement.宾语补足语。根据划线词前的系动词are可知，划线部分为表语。故选C。 17．C 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：哈佛大学是美国最著名的大学之一。分析句子结构可知，one of the most famous universities位于系动词is后，为表语。故选C。 18．A 【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我很了解这个男孩。我看着他从小长大。see sb. do sth“看见某人做了某事”，表示看见了事情的全过程，see sb. doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，表示动作正在发生。结合句意及“from childhood”可知，此处指看见事情的全过程，故选A。 19．A 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：海豚取悦人类的能力使它成为动物王国中我们的最爱之一。“The dolphin’s ability”为主语，“to please humans”为动词不定式作后置定语修饰ability，“has made”为谓语动词，it作宾语指代dolphin，“one of our favorites”为宾语补足语，“in the animal kingdom”是状语，它描述“one of our favorites”的范围，故选A项。 20．D 【解析】考查句子成分。句意：下面哪个句子的斜体部分用作宾语？A. He doesn’t like the idea of my speaking my speaking at the meeting. (他不喜欢我在会议上发言的想法。); B. It is no use your pretending not to know the matter. (你假装不知道这件事是没有用的。); C. Her falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. (她掉进河里是整个旅程的高潮。); D. My parents strongly object to my going out alone at night. (我的父母强烈反对我晚上一个人出去。)。A项的斜体部分为修饰idea的后置定语；B项的斜体部分是动名词短语作真正的主语，it为形式主语；C项的斜体部分是动名词短语作主语；D项中object to为固定短语，表示“反对”，其中to为介词，斜体部分的动名词短语作介词to的宾语。故选D项。 21．D 【解析】考查代词。句意：这个公园是你去年回家时参观的那个吗？在主句中缺少表语，所以应用代词the one代指this park作表语。故选D。 22．C 【解析】考查强调句和一般疑问句。句意：两国之间的贸易额在20世纪80年代达到了最高点。此处为强调句型“it+be+被强调部分+that+其他内容”结构，根据谓语动词reached，该句使用一般过去时，所以be动词为was，强调时间状语“in the 1980’s”，该句为一般疑问句，所以应将was置于句首，首字母需大写。故选C项。 23．A 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：他从未去过北京，是吗？根据题干可知，陈述部分的He has never been to Beijing为现在完成时态，且never表示否定含义，因此疑问部分应用肯定形式has he。故选A。 24．A 【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：我认为他们不对，是吗？分析句子可知，反义疑问句要遵循前否后肯或前肯后否的原则，且陈述部分的系动词或助动词要与疑问部分的一致，当陈述部分是一个宾语从句时，疑问部分的助动词或系动词要与宾语部分的保持一致，且I don’t think 后宾语从句要注意否定转移，所以本句中宾语从句是否定句意，疑问部分应用肯定句意。故选A项。 25．C 【解析】考查附加疑问句。句意：莉莉，别忘了给波莉一些食物，给她换水，好吗？反义疑问句的陈述部分don’t forget to…为否定祈使句，附加疑问句部分一般用will you的形式。故选C。 26．D 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：如果他提高他的信息技术技能，他很容易找到工作，不是吗？if引导的虚拟条件句是一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反的情况，主句是“would+动词原形”，是肯定句，故疑问部分使用wouldn’t he。故选D。 27．B 【解析】考查反问疑问句的答语。句意：——你从来没见过恐龙蛋，是吗？——是的，我没看过。我多么希望去参观恐龙世界。问句是一个反意疑问句，回答用Yes+肯定句或者No+否定句，由此排除CD选项；再根据“How I wish to visit the Dinosaur World.”可知，回答者没有见过恐龙蛋，因此回答是“No, I haven’t”，其中No翻译成“是的”。故选B。 28．D 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：她昨天一定去上小提琴课了，是吗？。如果must have done的句子中有明确的过去时间状语，那么反意疑问句应该用didn’t + 主语的形式；如果must have done的句子中没有明确的过去时间状语，那么反意疑问句应该用haven’t/hasn’t + 主语的形式。本句有明显的过去时间状语yesterday，反义疑问句应该用didn’t + 主语的形式。故选D项。 29．B 【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：她一定学了至少十年小提琴了，不是吗？根据反义疑问句的语法结构，前面的句子是肯定句，则后面的附加疑问部分用否定形式。这里主句用了must have learned，用过去完成时表示推测，而must have的疑问形式应变成haven’t/hasn’t + 主语。因为主语是She，所以选用has，即hasn’t she。 故选B项。 30．D 【解析】考查并列句和虚拟语气。句意：他病了，但他坚持要去上学。并列连词“but”连接两个并列句，表示转折关系，故第一个空处应为一个简单句He was ill，表示“他生病了”；动词insist表示“坚持要求”，后接的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词为(should) do，should可省略，故第二个空可用动词原形。故选D。 31．C 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：这次活动不仅锻炼了我的沟通技巧，还让我更多地了解了我们的传统文化。not only...but also...为固定结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，可以连接并列句，且not only位于句首时，前面分句应用部分倒装，即将情态动词、助动词或be动词提到主语之前，后面分句仍用陈述句语序。结合选项可知，第一空应用did the activity train，使用了倒装结构，助动词did提前；第二空应用it allowed，使用了陈述语序。故选C。 32．C 【解析】考查强调句。句意：直到他完成一切，他才放心下来。not…until…句型的强调句型为：It is/ was not until+被强调部分+that+其他部分 。not until后接陈述句。A选择项为名词性从句，功能相当于名词词组；B选择项为定语从句，修饰代词all，所以A、B不选。故选C。 33．C 【解析】考查并列分句。句意：我选了两门课，这两门课都很重要。根据句中连词and可知，这里为并列分句，而非定语从句。所以用代词them指代前句中的 courses，用both of表示“两者都”。故选C。 34．C 【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在你计划出去和朋友玩之前，先完成作业，否则你就不能出去玩，只能待在家里完成作业。A. but但是；B. and并且；C. or否则；D. so因此。本题考查固定结构“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”，用于表达在不满足祈使句所提出的行为或状态时，将会产生的负面后果或情况。“finish your homework”是祈使句，给出一个指令，or作为并列连词，意思是 “否则；要不然”，它连接前后两部分，后半句陈述的是如果不遵循前面祈使句的要求(完成作业)，将会面临的负面结果就是不能出去玩，只能待在家里完成作业。故选C项。 35．C 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：让自己周围都是积极的人，你会一直专注于你能做什么，而不是你不能做什么。分析句子可知，这是一个“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，表示如果完成祈使句中的动作，就会实现陈述句描述的结果。祈使句以动词原形开头，Surround yourself with positive people是祈使句，表示“让自己周围都是积极的人”，后面的 you’ll keep focused on what you can do instead of what you can’t表示这样做的结果。故选C项。 36．B 【解析】考查介词短语和祈使句。句意：在有生命危险的情况下，知道出口在哪里，警惕火警和紧急广播，最重要的是，不要恐慌。介词短语above all表示“首先、最重要的是”，at some point表示“在某一时刻”，panic为动词，表示“惊慌”或“恐慌”。由句意可知，第一个空处前指出了在有生命危险的情况下要注意的事项，空处后提到了不要恐慌，是遇到危险时最重要的一项，故第一个空应用above all。由第二空前“don’t”可知，该句为祈使句的否定形式，故第二空应用动词原形，故填panic。故选B。 37．B 【解析】考查连词。句意：努力相信自己，否则你将永远不会成功。A. and和，并且； B. or否则，或者；C. but但是；D. as因为。本题考查固定句型“祈使句+or+简单句”，此句型中的祈使句表示条件，相当于条件状语从句。or意为“否则，要不然”。故选B。 38．B 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：保持冷静，你会成功的。本句为“祈使句+and +陈述句”的结构，所以此处使用动呈原形。故选B。 39．D 【解析】考查定语从句和宾语从句。句意：我去和我的老师南希谈话，她的话让我意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。第一个空处引导定语从句，先行词是Nancy，指人，且从句中缺少定语，应用关系代词whose。第二个空处引导realize的宾语从句，是感叹句型，silly mistakes是名词短语，应用what去修饰名词或者名词短语。故选D。 40．D 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：今天天气多坏啊！bad weather为名词短语，所以应用what引导感叹句。weather意为“天气”，为不可数名词，所以应用零冠词。故选D。 41．B 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：天气真好，阳光明媚，天空晴朗。英语感叹句常用what或how引导，what和how与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。由what引导的感叹句：what意为“多么”用作定语，修饰名词，单数可数名词前要加不定冠词a/an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语+谓语。由how引导的感叹句：how意为“多么”，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词。这类句子的结构形式是：How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语。weather“天气”是一个不可数名词。所以选B。 42．A 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：兰州的地铁对公众开放。多么令人兴奋的消息啊！此处考查感叹句句式，news意为“消息”，为不可数名词，所以此处应用what引导，且不需要冠词。故选A。 43．A 【解析】考查定语从句和强调句。句意：就在约翰收到他梦寐以求的大学的录取通知书的那一刻，他感到他的长期努力终于得到了回报。分析句子结构可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词为occasion，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导；第二空为强调句型，其结构为It is/was +被强调部分+ that（强调人可用who）+句子其他部分，此处强调时间状语，应用that。故选A。 44．C 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：由于没有可乘坐的公交车，我们不得不冒雨步行回家。结合“no bus available”可知，此处指不得不冒雨步行回家的原因是“没有可乘坐的公交车”，表示客观的“有，存在”应用there be句型，前后由逗号连接，此处不是独立的句子，因此用there be句型的独立主格结构there being…，作原因状语。故选C。 45．C 【解析】考查反意疑问句。句意：我不必为你做所有的事，是吗？这是一个反意疑问句，前面是否定句 don't have to，所以后面用肯定形式，陈述句中的谓语是have to，所以反意疑问句用助动词do，主语是I，所以反意疑问句用 do I。故选C。 46．B 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——我明天必须还书吗? ——不，你不必。你可以借到下周四。must表示“必须”，构成的一般疑问句，肯定回答用yes, you must，否定语回答用no, you needn’t或者no, you don’t have to。故选B项。 47．B 【解析】考查一般疑问句的回答。句意：——你介意我录下你的演讲吗? ——不介意，来吧。A. Yes, I do. 介意；B. Not at all. 不介意；C. No way. 没门；D. No, you' d better not. 不，你最好不要。根据句意可知，问句do you mind ...？意为“介意做某事吗？”，答语go ahead是不介意，应用Not at all.。故选B项。 48．D 【解析】考查疑问词辨析。句意：——你父亲多久会回家？——三天后。A. How long多久，多长时间；B. How many多少；C. How often多久一次；D. How soon多久以后。How long常用于询问时间段或某物有多长，但在这个语境下，我们询问的是未来的时间点，而不是时间段，所以A选项不适用。How many用于询问可数名词的数量，而这里询问的是时间，所以B选项不适用。How often用于询问频率，但在这个语境下，我们询问的是具体的时间点，而不是频率，所以C选项不适用。How soon常用于询问某个未来事件将会在多久之后发生或完成；结合句中“will your father come back home”以及“In three days”可知此句询问“多久以后会……”，填How soon。故选D。 49．C 【解析】考查固定句型和it的用法。句意：——安妮，你认为英语学习怎么样？——我发现学好英语有点难，所以我应该更加努力，取得更大的进步。What do you think of…为固定句型，表示“你认为……怎么样”，用于询问对某人或某物的观点、看法或评价，第一空应用What；find it adj. to do为固定搭配，表示“发现做某事怎么样”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语，第二空应用it。故选C。 50．B 【解析】考查疑问词。句意：——参观雅典卫城给你印象最深的是什么?——是什么把这座宏伟的宫殿变成了今天可怕的景象。 这里为强调句型的特殊疑问句。其结构为：疑问词 + is it that+其它部分。本句强调的是什么使得从前宏伟的宫殿蜕变的，所以用疑问词what。故选B。 51．C 【解析】考查特殊疑问词辨析。句意：这个国家农民的比例是多少？A. How many多少（对可数名词提问）；B. How much多少（对不可数名词提问）；C. What什么；D. How small多么小。分析句子，句中是对百分率多少进行提问，用what进行提问。故选C。 52．C 【解析】考查特殊疑问句的答语。句意：——你在等谁？——要给我们讲课的教授。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查who引导的特殊疑问句的答语，回答的结构要代替who在疑问句中所做的成分，即主语。A和D两个选项是完整句子，但是不能作主语；B选项是Because引导的从句，也不能作主语。C选项是中心名词professor，可以作主语，后面的动词不定式作后置定语。故选C。 53．C 【解析】考查疑问词。句意：——哪个是她的女儿？——右边的女孩穿着蓝色牛仔裤。A. Who谁； B. What什么； C. Which哪一个；D. Where哪里。根据答句句意可知，此处询问“哪一个”是他女儿，故选C。 54．C 【解析】考查特殊疑问句。句意：—— 你弟弟多大了?—— 他五岁了。A. How often多长时间一次；B. How much多少；C. How old多大年龄；D. How long有多久。根据答语可知句中在问年龄。故选C项。 55．B 【解析】考查疑问词词义辨析。句意：——公园在哪里？——在学校附近。A. What什么；B. Where在哪里；C. There在那里；D. How如何。根据回答“It’s near the school.”可知询问的是公园的地点，应用where。故选B。 56．A 【解析】考查陈述句和固定短语。句意：当得知他被一所重点大学录取时，他哭了起来。此处when引导的时间状语从句，故空格处是主句，且无需连词，所以排除D项；when引导的从句省略了主语，因此主从句主语一致，故排除B项；从句是一般过去时态，则从句也用一般过去时态，所以排除C项；固定短语：burst into tears“放声大哭”。故选A。 57．C 【解析】考查简单句。句意：她是一个孩子，但她对世界了解很多。but后为让步状语从句，前面是主句。故选C。 58．D 【解析】考查并列句。句意：天生一幅优美的歌喉，所以她被鼓励去申请声乐节目。句子是并列句，so前应该是个句子，要有主谓语，A、B、C三项都是非谓语动词结构，没有主谓；D项是完整的句子，故选D。 59．D 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：不要害怕。我不会让这些狗咬你！分析句子可知第一句话主语为you“你”，且是说话人提供了建议，故用祈使句，谓语动词用动词原形，此句为系表，表语前加be动词，否定形式则在前加助动词don't。故选D。 60．D 【解析】考查祈使句。句意：“永远不要再做那件事情！”当我被他发现在玩火的时候，我父亲对着我大喊。动词原形放在祈使句的句首，表示一种语气；否定式就是在动词原形的前面直接加not，never等否定词。故D选项正确。 61．A 【解析】考查定语从句和祈使句。句意：接听电话的方式会给人留下公司的印象，所以接听电话时要礼貌、愉快。分析句子结构，so为连词，第二空所在的句子缺少主句的谓语动词，排除C项和D项；第一空，in a manner为固定用法，设空处引导定语从句，先行词在定语从句中作方式状语，需用in which引导。故选A。 62．C 【解析】考查固定句式和动词的固定结构。句意：不要把积蓄花那么快，否则你最终会成为乞丐的。本句运用了“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”，所以句首动词用原形；stop to do sth.停下来开始做某事，stop doing sth.停止做某事。这里是说“停止花积蓄”，故选stop doing。 63．C 【解析】考查动词不定式的进行式和祈使句。句意：——据说汤姆正在写作文。——如果是这样的话，那我们就不要打扰他了。write (写)，disturb (打扰)。由语意可知，汤姆正在写作文，be said to be doing sth.表示据说正在做某事，所以第一个空应是动词不定式的进行式to be writing的形式；第二个空考查祈使句的一般结构，let (not) do sth.表示让我们（不）做某事，所以应是动词原形disturb。故选C项。 64．B 【解析】考查固定短语、感叹句。句意：尽管史蒂夫·乔布斯以其有魅力的演讲而闻名，但他并没有意识到自己的话对观众产生了多么重大的影响，因为他们不仅被他的才华所吸引，而且还被激励去重视积累，珍惜时间。be unaware of sth.表示“没有意识到某事”，of后为宾语从句。从句是一个感叹句结构，“What+(a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语”、“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语”，根据a significant impact his words had on the audience可知，用what。故选B。 65．D 【解析】考查感叹句型。句意：在世界公园里看到世界的主要景点是多么美妙的一天啊！分析句子结构可知，本题考查感叹句型。what引导感叹句型的结构为“What +a/an +adj.+可数名词的单数+主语+谓语”，how引导感叹句型的结构为“How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语动词”。由此可知，D项符合what引导的感叹句型。故选D。 66．D 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：罗宾逊先生修理的飞机载着人们环游世界!他的工作多棒啊! 根据句中可数名词job可知，用what引导的感叹句，其结构为：What+a (+形容词）+单数可数名词+主谓+！故选D。 67．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：多好的天气啊！我们去山里徒步旅行好吗？英语中感叹句有两种形式：1.what引导的感叹句，其构成：what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!/ what +形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!/ what +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语! 2. How引导的感叹句，其构成：how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!本句fine weather，weather是不可数名词，需用“what +形容词+不可数名词”结构。故选C。 68．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：它是多么漂亮的一个花园啊！感叹句的构成是what （a/an）+ 形容词 +名词+主语谓语！或how+形容词+(a+名词)+主语谓语，故选C。 69．A 【解析】 考查感叹句。句意：天气真好！弗兰克，我们去野餐吧。 此感叹句的构成是： What+形容词+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）! 故选 A。 70．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：在炎热的夏天跳进河里游泳是多么有趣啊！分析句子，设空处构成感叹句，其对fun进行感叹，fun为不可数名词，意为“乐趣”，故用what。故选C。 71．A 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：看！小男孩正在高速公路上玩。这是多么危险的事情！感叹句句型为“How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”，“What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!”或“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”，结合选项，B、C项结构错误，且空后已经出现主语it，故排除D项，What a dangerous thing结构正确。故选A项。 72．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：今天是个好天气！对名词进行感叹用what，weather“天气”为不可数名词，what+adj.+不可数名词+it is，结合选项，选项C符合题意，故选C。 73．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：天气真好。非常适合远足。 sunny day的中心词为名词，应用what引导感叹句，且day为可数名词单数，还应加上不定冠词。故选C。 74．B 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：这是多么重要的信息啊！分析句子可知，句子为感叹句，“information”意为“信息”，为不可数名词，故句中应用感叹句型“What+（adj.）+不可数名词+其他”，故空格处应填“What”。故选B项。 75．C 【解析】考查感叹句。句意：——你看过《美丽中国》这部电影吗？——当然，我看过。我们国家取得了多么伟大的成就啊！A. What a多么一个；B. What an多么一个；C. What多么；D. How多么。结合语意，我们国家取得了多么伟大的成就啊！这是在发出感叹，应用感叹句句型，achievements是名词复数形式，应用句型“What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!”，所以空处应用what引导感叹句。故选C项。 二、 1 76．B 77．C 78．A 【解析】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了墨西哥一些值得参加的节日。 76．细节理解题。根据第二段“Their parades mainly happen in an open-air theatre built on the Cerro del Fortin hilltop, for which tickets are required.(他们的游行主要发生在Cerro del Fortin山顶的一个露天剧院，需要门票)”可知，Guelaguetza的独特之处在于其游行剧院需要门票。 故选B。 77．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaxaca’s 16 native groups are represented, with dancers, musicians and people having fun from each group traveling to the state capital for the last two Mondays of July.(瓦哈卡州的16个土著群体都有代表，在7月的最后两个星期一，每个群体的舞者、音乐家和人们都会前往州首府)”；第三段“The festival, which typically begins in February or March, has the same roots as its well-known ones in Brazil and the Caribbean. (这个节日通常在2月或3月开始，与巴西和加勒比海地区的著名节日有着相同的根源)”；第四段“It is celebrated on November l and 2. (它在11月1日和2日庆祝)”；第五段“This celebration takes place in the central Mexican city of Guanajuato each October.(这个庆祝活动每年10月在墨西哥中部城市瓜纳华托举行)”可知，Day of the Dead在一年中举行的时间最晚。故选C。 78．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Its full schedule of live activities includes performances of traditional Mexican folk ballet and music.(其完整的现场活动计划包括传统墨西哥民间芭蕾舞和音乐的表演)”可知，在Festival International Cervantino期间，人们可以观看传统墨西哥舞蹈表演。 故选A。 2 79．A 80．C 81．B 82．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者丈夫AJ为减肥而坚持跑步并不断挑战自我的故事。 79．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He started running to lose weight, focusing on the twenty-five pounds he’d put on since we married.(他开始跑步是为了减肥，重点关注自我们结婚以来增加的二十五磅体重)”可知，AJ决定开始跑步是为了解决他的体重问题。 故选A。 80．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“He couldn’t believe that I, untrained and not in shape, had beaten him.(他不敢相信我这个未经训练、身材不佳的人竟然打败了他)”可知，AJ对于自己被作者打败感到非常尴尬或难堪。所以划线单词意思为“尴尬的”。故选C。 81．推理判断题。根据第三段中“In rural Indiana for his race, AJ ran on wooded paths through the large hills. The November air was cold. It got dark early. He saw lightning, loose dogs, and warning signs to watch for hunters.(在印第安纳州农村参加比赛时，AJ沿着树木繁茂的小径穿过大山丘。十一月的空气很冷。天很早就黑了。他看到了闪电、散养的狗，还有警告人们注意猎人的标志)”可推知，AJ在印第安纳州农村参加马拉松时面临的是危险的比赛环境。 故选B。 82．推理判读题。根据最后一段中“AJ had pushed himself beyond what he thought he was capable of, finishing his hundred miles in a little under twenty-four hours. An entire day of running! He showed my girls the meaning of pushing yourself to your limit.(AJ超越了自己认为的能力，在不到二十四小时的时间里完成了一百英里的跑步。一整天的跑步！他向我的女儿们展示了挑战自己极限的意义)”可推知，AJ通过尝试一百英里的跑步向他的孩子们展示了人可以实现看似不可能的目标。 故选D。 三、 83．viewed 84．winds 85．To complete 86．whom 87．defense /defence 88．that 89．ranging 90．to 91．a 92．more frequently 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国新疆著名的独库公路的基本情况、建设背景、沿途景观、开放时间以及其在经济和文化方面所产生的重要影响。 83．考查非谓语动词。句意：独库公路，被视为中国新疆一条非凡的公路，全长561公里，连接着北部的独山子和南部的库车。句中已有谓语动词stretches，此处为非谓语动词作定语，view与其逻辑主语Duku Highway之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词viewed。故填viewed。 84．考查动词时态。句意：这条公路蜿蜒穿过神奇的天山山脉，提供了各种各样令人惊叹的景色。此处为谓语动词，结合语境以及上文的谓语动词stretches可知，此处描述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，主语This highway是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用 winds。故填winds。 85．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了建成独库公路，数千名士兵和工人投身于它的建设。结合句意，此处表示“为了……”，所以用动词不定式to complete作目的状语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填To complete。 86．考查定语从句。句意：他们克服了复杂地形和恶劣天气等众多挑战，其中168人献出了宝贵的生命。空处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是thousands of soldiers and workers，指人，且关系词在从句中作of的宾语，所以用关系代词whom。故填whom。 87．考查名词。句意：他们的英勇努力将一段艰苦的旅程变成了一条非凡的交通干线，缩短了新疆南北之间的距离，加强了国防。空处作动词strengthening的宾语，所以用名词，defend的名词为defense/defence，表示“防御，国防”。故填defense/defence。 88．考查同位语从句。句意：目前，凭借其迷人的风景和丰富的文化内涵，没有人否认独库公路已经成为中国最受欢迎的旅游路线这一事实。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明the fact的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，所以用连接词that引导。故填that。 89．考查非谓语动词。句意：这条公路呈现出多样的景观，从积雪覆盖的山峰、茂密的森林到广阔的草原和深邃的山谷。句中已有谓语动词presents，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰landscapes，range与其逻辑主语landscapes之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词ranging。故填ranging。 90．考查介词。句意：由于下雪天气和道路结冰，它每年从6月到10月开放。根据句意可知，此处为固定短语thanks to意为“由于，多亏”，所以用介词to。故填to。 91．考查冠词。句意：旅行者们高度赞扬它不断变化的景色，称它为一条必驾之路。根据句意可知，此处表示“一条必驾之路”，为泛指，且must-drive是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 92．考查副词比较级。句意：在文化方面，随着沿途不同民族的人们更加频繁地交流，它促进了民族融合。空处修饰动词interact，所以用副词，frequent的副词为 frequently，且根据句意以及空前的even可知，此处应为副词的比较级形式，表示“更加频繁”，所以用比较级more frequently。故填more frequently。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$