第02讲 介词及介词短语（复习讲义）(上海专用）2026年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

第02讲 介词及介词短语 目录 01 考情解码・命题预警 2 02体系构建·思维可视 3 03核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 知能解码 3 知识点1 介词的基本用法 4 知识点2 介词与其它词类搭配 12 知识点3 动词短语中的介词 15 题型破译 20 题型1 介词在语法填空题中的考查 20 【思维建模】根据句子成分进行分析推理 题型2 介词在句子翻译题中的运用 24 【思维建模】在语境中具体运用 04真题溯源·考向感知 30 考点要求 考查形式 近年考题 （1）考查常见介词的基本语义和用法； （2）考查介词与动词的固定搭配； （3）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对介词及介词短语的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement. 【答案】 at 【解析】考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. 【答案】As 【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。 考情分析： 高考命题不局限于考查单个介词，而是更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。 必考点： 1. 介词的基本意思和用法； 2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配； 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法； 2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语； 3. 强化在复杂语境中介词及其相关短语的运用 介词概述 介词是一种虚词。介词在句中后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语，表示人或事物之间的关系。语法填空题介词是必考点和难点，翻译题则是对介词在句子中熟练运用的综合考查。 1. 常见介词及短语的基本用法 2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。 知识点1 介词的基本用法 要点1 介词形式的分类 时间介词：at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since 方位介词：at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 原因介词：at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of 方式介词：with, in, by 其它介词：about关于, on关于, of ......的, with与......一起，用， without没有, like像, except除了, besides除了......之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了，from自从，despite, in spite of, regardless of等。 易错提醒： 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day. 要点2 常用介词辨析 1. 表示“时间”的介词 at, on , in at表示时刻、时间的某一点；at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas on表示具体的某一天，某一天的上、下午或晚上；on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day in表示月、季节、年，泛指上午、下午、晚上（在一段时间内）; in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”。 I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。 The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。 by, until/till, by, until by表示“在……之前，截止到……”； until/till表示“直到……为止”； by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成; until表示动作持续到什么时候，在终止性动词的否定式中，二者通用。 Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗？ You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车，一直坐到伦敦。 We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。 The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。 for, during, through for表示“达……之久”，指经过多长时间，常和完成时连用； during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”； through表示“一直……”，指从开始到结束。 They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。 She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。 They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 from, since from表示“从……起”； since表示“自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）” The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。 I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。 in, within in表示“在……后（未来时间）”； within表示“不超过……的范围”。 He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。 You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。 2. 表示动向和位置的介词 at, in, at表示“在某地（较狭窄的场所）”； in表示“在某地（较宽敞的场所）”。 at home在家 at a factory在一家工厂 in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 on, above, over和below, under, beneath on表示“在……上面（有接触面）”；above表示“在……上方”；over表示“在……正上方”；under表示“在……正下方”；below表示“在……下方”。 on the wall在墙上 above the clouds在云端 over the sea在海上 under the chair在椅子下 below the surface of the water在水面下 by, near by表示“在……旁边”； near表示“在……附近”。 by me在我旁边 near the house在房子附近 between, among, around between表示“在两者之间”； among表示“在三者（以上）之中”； around表示“环绕（四周）”。 between A and B在A和B之间 among the trees在树林中 around the table围在桌边 in front of, opposite, behind in front of表示“在……前面/正面”； behind表示“在……后面”； opposite表示“在……对面”。 in front of the classroom在教室前面 behind my house在我家房子后面 opposite me在我对面 in, into, out of , up in表示“在……之内”， into表示“进入”； out of表示“从……到外面”； up表示“向上移动”。 be in the classroom在教室里 ran into the classroom跑进教室 rush out of the room冲出房间 climb up the tree爬上树 along, across, past, through along表示“沿着”； across表示“横穿（平面）”； past表示“经过”； through表示“通过（内部空间）”其含义与in有关，。 along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路 across the river横渡过河 past the city hall经过市政厅 through the city/forest穿过城市/森林 to, for, from to表示“到达……目的地或目标”； for表示“向……（目的地）”； from表示“从……（地点）起”。 get to the airport到达机场 leave for动身去 from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海 3. 表示原因的介词 常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。 for, because of, at, out of for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。 I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。 at:常表示某种表情的起因，常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。 You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息，你看上去并不是很吃惊。 He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。 from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因 Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。 of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。 I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。 with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。 Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。 by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。 by chance/accident意外，偶然地, by nature天生 because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。 He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。 owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。 They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定推迟旅行。 due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。 The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。 on account of:与because of，owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。 That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。 thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。 4. 表示除.....之外的介词 besides表示“除了……外，还有……”，表示累加关系，指包括介词宾语在内； except表示“除……以外”，表示排除关系，指从整体中除去一部分； but表示“除……以外”，与except同义，但是比except的语气更强烈。 I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文，我还喜欢英语和数学。 Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外，所有人都在这里。 There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外，什么也没有。 5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词 against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。 He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。 for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of同义。 Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划? 6. 表示方式的介词 in, with, by in表示“用材料、语言”。Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。He prefers traveling by car. 要点2 重难易错常考介词 一 for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 1. It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 二 不可遗漏的后置介词 1. 在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 2. 在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 3. 在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 4. 作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 三 to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如： to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 自主检测新情境 1． the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity (严重性) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 【答案】Despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：尽管更持久的材料会更长时间地破坏环境和动物，但我们不能只通过垃圾的寿命来衡量其严重程度。结合句意表示“尽管”为固定句型despite the fact that，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。 2． the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. 【答案】Among/Of 【详解】考查介词。句意：在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者。由“the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient”可知，句子表示“在台湾数十个LEED认证建筑中，台北101建筑是最著名的获奖者”，空格处意为“在……中”，应用介词among/of，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Among/Of。 3．76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 【答案】from 【详解】考查介词。句意：来自不同国家的76名选手肩并肩走过表演区，向全世界人民致意。分析句子结构，主语为“76 participants ____ different countries”，其中，“76 participants”与“different countries”之间的逻辑关系是：76名选手来自于不同国家。介词from表示“来自于”。故填from。 4．Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly found themselves in the dark water, electricity, air conditioning, and internet. 【答案】without 【详解】考查介词。句意：成千上万的人突然发现自己身处黑暗之中，没有水、电、空调和网络。根据空前的in the dark可知，是没有水、电等的；根据其后water可知，空处为介词without，表示“没有”。故填without。 5．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意:在他们听说她的感人的故事之后，每个人都被感动得难以言表。空格处在句中充当程度状语，beyond words为固定短语，意为“难以言表”。故填beyond。 6.To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes. 【答案】like 【解析】考查介词。句意：为了给羌绣注入新的活力，陈云珍继续保持开放的心态，除了传统服装外，还推出了新产品，如个人配饰、笔记本和包。根据下文“personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes(除了传统服装外，……如个人配饰、笔记本和包)”可知，下文在举例说明，表示“比如”用 like。故填 like。 7. Covering an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years ____ its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty. 【答案】with 【解析】with 考查介词。句意：黄姚占地3.6平方公里，有近千年的历史，其起源可以追溯到宋代。根据句中的“its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty”可知，此处应用with sth. doing的复合结构，表示黄姚历史拥有的起源，空处应用介词with。故填with。 8. As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure ________ school with my classmates. 【答案】from 【解析】此题的正确答案为from。分析知“来自学校的压力”，做定语成分。 9. the numerous bronze statues there, this giant standing bronze figure, measuring 260.8 centimeters in height, is the “highest” ruler. 【答案】Among 【解析】考查介词。句意：在那里众多的青铜雕像中，这个巨大的站立青铜雕像，高260.8厘米，是“最高”的统治者。首字母大写，根据句意以及空后the numerous bronze statues为复数名词可知，此处为介词Among表示“在……之间”，比较对象超过三个，所以为介词Among的填入。故填Among。 10. Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to teach_________ an associate professor. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：回国后，他受到北京航空航天大学的邀请，担任副教授。后跟名词作宾语，表示“作为”应用介词as。故填as。 11.“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：希望我能对激励更多的年轻人在文化遗产保护中找到他们毕生的激情有所帮助。此处表示“在……中”，应用介词in。故填in。 12. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo. 【答案】among 【解析】考查介词。句意：一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花。由“other flowers in Tokyo”可知，句子表示“一位业余博物学家在东京的其他花中发现了一种新的兰花”，空格处意为“在……中”，用介词among。 13. According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it _______ our senses, encoding it and storing it — much like a computer. 【答案】through 【解析】考查介词。句意：乔治敦大学医学中心教授James Giordano博士表示，我们的大脑处理信息，并通过感官接收信息，将其编码并存储，这就像一台计算机。结合句意可知，此处指“通过感官接收信息”，应用介词through。故填through。 14. "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ______ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. Putting up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy." 【答案】without 【解析】考查介词。句意：不戴上巨大的手套，你甚至不能搭建起帐篷，帐篷是你唯一的遮蔽物。分析句子可知，这里指否定，应用介词without。故填without。 15．There is no better place to get delicious, filling, fun and glorious food in one of the many wet markets in Shanghai. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】than 【详解】考查介词。句意：在上海众多的湿货市场中，没有比这更好的地方可以买到美味、饱腹、有趣和美味的食物了。根据空前的There is no better place和句意可知，此处使用介词than“(用以引出比较的第二部分)比”。故填than。 变式演练.With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” 【解析】本句第一个with短语作伴随状语;第二个with短语作方式状语；三个介词of短语均作后置定语，修饰其前面的名词；for people作句子的逻辑主语。理清句子结构和介词的用法，句意跃然纸上。 【译文】随着技术的兴起，人们可以很容易地借助移动应用程序观察不同的物种 知识点2 介词与其它词类搭配 要点1 介词和名词的搭配 ① at+n. 表示状态 at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练 at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍 ② by+n. 表示方式 by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然 by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地) ③ in+n.表示方式 in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之 in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流，依次 in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费，徒劳 ④ in+n 表示状态 in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition健康 in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地 in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort舒适地 ⑤ of +n. 表示特征 of value 有价值 of importance重要 of use 有用 of help 有帮助 of interest有兴趣 of ability 有能力 ⑥ on +n. 表示状态 on guard 值班，警戒 on show/display展览 on business 因公出差 on strike在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假 ⑦ out of +n 表示状态 out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger脱离危险 out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office 在野，不执政 out of business 失业 out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债 out of control不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时 ⑧ under+n.表示被动 under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中 ⑨ with+n. 表示方式 with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得 with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 要点2 介词和形容词的搭配 ① adj. + about be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握 be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的 be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信 ② adj.+ at be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊 be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shocked at ……震惊 ③ adj. + from be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响 be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同 ④ adj. + for be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for渴望 be eager for 渴望 be fit for 适合 be unfit for不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激 be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for为……作好准备 be responsible for 对……负责 ⑤ adj. + in be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的…… be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于 be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练 be fortunate in 有幸 ⑥ adj. + of be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的 be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦 be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of 免于 be shy of 对……感到害羞 ⑦ adj. + to be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害 be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定… be equal to 等于 be familiar to对……所熟悉 be favourable to对……有利 be harmful to对……有害 be similar to 相似，相似 be polite to对……有礼貌 be suitable to 适合 be rude to对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚 ⑧ adj. + with be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病 be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足 be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……友好 be nervous with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意 ⑨ adj. + on be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于…… be severe on对……严格/严厉 要点3 介词其它搭配 n.+prep. +n. ① n. +by+n. side by side 肩并肩 step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地 little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地 ② n. + after +n. day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地 ③ n. +in+n. arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆 ④ n. + to + n. day to day 日常的 heart to heart互相交心地 face to face 面对面地 back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ⑤ in +n. +of in fear of 害怕 in charge of负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝 in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of需要 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一 in control of 管理 in danger of处于……的危险中 in terms of就......而言 in respect of关于，涉及 in spite of尽管，虽然 in praise of表扬 自主检测新情境 1．In competitive exams, students capable managing time effectively often achieve better results. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：在竞争性考试中，那些能够有效管理时间的学生往往能取得更好的成绩。短语be capable of表示“能够”。故填of。 2．Therefore, apart being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 【答案】from 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：因此，除了有趣和是很好的锻炼之外，游泳还是一项非常有用的技能。根据句意可知，此处表示“除……之外”，需用固定短语apart from。该短语具有双重含义，既可以表示“除……之外（还有）”，也可表示“除……之外（排除）”，此处符合语境。故填from。 3．The government’s quick response the crisis earned public praise. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：政府对危机的快速反应赢得了公众的赞誉。“对……的反应”常用固定搭配response to sth.，其中to为介词。故填to。 4．Amy was chosen for the position because she was far superior any other candidate. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：Amy被选出来做这项工作是因为她比其他候选人优秀。superior to是固定短语，意为“比……优秀”，因此空格处用介词to，故填to。 5．If the computer should break down within the first year, we would repair it our expense. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：如果电脑在第一年就出现故障，我们将自费进行维修。at one’s expense是一个固定短语，意思是“由…… 付费；由…… 负担费用”。故填at。 6. It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions. 【解析】考查介词。句意同上。answer to…“……的答案”是固定用法，故填to。 【答案】to 7. In contrast _______ the opening ceremony, during the closing ceremony, athletes from all delegations (代表团) entered the stadium together, mingling (交际) without regard to nationality. 【答案】with 【解析】句意：与开幕式不同的是，在闭幕式上，所有代表团的运动员不分国籍，一起进入体育场。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定搭配：in contrast to或者in contrast with意为“与…相比”。故填to或者with。 8．However, it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai, _______her parents’ great support. 【答案】due to/thanks to 【详解】考查介词。句意：然而，由于父母的大力支持，这并没有妨碍她在上海完成大学和研究生学业，成为一名白领。根据上文“it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai”以及下文的“great support”可知，因为父母的支持她才能完成学业。介词短语due to/thanks to，表示“因为”，后接名词。故填due to/thanks to。 知识点3 动词短语中的介词 1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有： throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发 carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开 2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有： answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求 plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找 send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿 3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有： try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着 pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持 keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车） 4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有： come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习 get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑 take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转 5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有： bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出 cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长 grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成 put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到 send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点 6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有： come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心 walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产 give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选 find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是 get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通 bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。 自主检测新情境 1. Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：展望未来，我们应该投资于新技术和创新思维，为一个全新的世界打开大门，减少对化石燃料的依赖。分析句子，句中open the door to sth为固定短语，意为“向……敞开大门；给……以机会”。故填to。 2. I hold the firm belief that I am equal the job as a volunteer for the fair. 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我坚信我能胜任招聘会志愿者的工作。根据“I am equal”和“the job”可推知，此处用固定短语be equal to，意为“胜任某事，能应付难题（任务等）”，空处应用介词to构成该短语。故填to。 3. A birthday surprise is not easy to come by for 90-year-old Wong, having lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in traditional Chinese hanfu this year came a welcome treat. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：同上。come as为固定短语，含义为“作为；以……身份来到这里”，符合句意。 4.We were arguing what gift we should send to our teacher when Tom came up a good idea． 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：我们正在争论送老师什么礼物，突然汤姆想出了一个好主意。come up with意为“想出(主意)”是固定短语。故填with。 5．The moment I saw Robin, the days when we were together on the island immediately sprang mind. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：我一看到罗宾，我们在岛上一起度过的日子立刻浮现在脑海中。spring to mind是固定短语，意为“立刻浮现在脑海中，突然被想到”。故填to。 6．Does the library subscribe the journals which are recommended by our teachers? 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：图书馆订阅老师推荐的期刊吗？subscribe to“订阅”，是固定短语，符合题意。故填to。 7．He took it granted that he would be given the job as a managing director. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：他理所当然地认为自己会得到总经理这份工作。分析句子可知，此空考查take it for granted，是固定短语，意为“认为……是理所当然的”。故填for。 8．The serious disease not only led to his disability but also left him heavy debt. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词的固定搭配。句意：这场严重的疾病不仅导致了他的残疾，还使他负债累累。“in debt” 是一个常用的固定短语，意思是 “负债；欠债”；“left him in heavy debt” 意思就是 “使他负债累累”，符合语境。故填in。 9．On behalf our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting. 【答案】of 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我代表我们学校，想对你们的到访表示诚挚的欢迎。固定短语on behalf of的用法，意为“代表……”。故填of。 10．Whenever the consultant in psychology was worn out, he was starving a cup of coffee to refresh himself. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：每当心理咨询师累了，他就渴望一杯咖啡来恢复精神。此处需要使用介词for与“starve”搭配构成短语“starve for”意为“渴望……”。故答案为：for。 11．They are composed several parts, each one with a specific function. 【答案】of 【详解】考查介词。句意：它们由几个部分组成，每个部分都有特定的功能。根据空前are composed可知，空处应用介词of，构成固定短语be composed of...，意为“由……组成”。故填of。 12．Many brave people spare great efforts to climb Mount Everest the risk of losing their lives. 【答案】at/despite 【详解】考查介词。句意：许多勇敢的人冒着失去生命的危险去攀登珠穆朗玛峰。/许多勇敢的人不顾生命危险，不畏艰险地攀登珠穆朗玛峰。设空处使用介词与后文的名词the risk构成介词短语，表示“冒着……危险”用at the risk of；表示“尽管”用despite。故填at/despite。 13．Graduating from college doesn’t mean you have to lose touch your former classmates. 【答案】with 【详解】考查介词。句意：大学毕业并不意味着你必须与以前的同学失去联系。lose touch with“与……失去联系”是固定搭配。故填with。 14．Focus on your study, and don’t make yourself get distracted the surroundings. 【答案】by 【详解】考查介词。句意：专心学习，不要让周围的事物分散你的注意力。短语get distracted by表示“被……所分心”，故填by。 15．When humans engage small talk, it actually provides a feeling of happiness. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：当人类进行闲聊时，它实际上提供了一种幸福感。engage in...意为“从事……，参与……”，为固定搭配。故填in。 16．Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search goods from one store to another. 【答案】for 【详解】考查介词。句意：网上购物使人们不必从一家商店到另一家商店寻找商品。search for“搜索，查找”，固定短语，故填for。 17．Only by competing each other can we make great progress in our study. 【答案】with/against 【详解】考查介词。句意：只有通过相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得很大的进步。本句考查固定短语compete with/against sb.“和某人竞争”，所以本空用介词with或against，符合题意。故填with/against。 18．When Michael Janes took the project, things changed completely. 【答案】over 【详解】考查固定搭配。句意：迈克尔·琼斯接手这个项目后，情况完全改变了。分析句子结构可知，空处填介词over，构成固定短语take over意为“接管”，符合句意。故填over。 19．Would you please drop in the post office on your way home and send off this book for me? 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词。句意：你回家的时候顺便去趟邮局，替我寄这本书好吗？短语drop in at表示“顺便去，顺便拜访”。故填at。 20．The apples on the tree are the reach of the boy, so he had to ask his brother for help. 【答案】beyond 【详解】考查介词。句意：树上的苹果超出了那个男孩能够到的范围，所以他不得不向他哥哥求助。根据“so he had to ask his brother for help”可知，男孩自己够不到苹果，“beyond the reach of”是固定表达，意为“超出……能够到的范围”，符合语境。故填beyond。 题型1 介词在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） He relied heavily Henson, who had journeyed with him through the Arctic before. Henson wasn’t just an explorer; he was a survivalist, trained by the Inuit (因纽特人) in the art of handling the ice. 【答案】on 【解析】考查介词。句意：他非常依赖 Henson，Henson 之前曾和他一起在北极地区旅行过。“rely on” 是固定搭配，意为 “依赖，依靠”，所以填 “on”。故填 on 例2（2025·上海闵行·二模） Guest Talks offer students advice and insight journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. 【答案】from 【解析】考查介词。句意：嘉宾演讲为学生提供来自新闻专家的建议和见解，主题包括广播报道和大学新闻学习等。结合语境可知，此处表示“来自新闻专家的建议和见解”，需用介词from。故填from。 例3（2025·上海虹口·二模） Shouting is literally everywhere—it felt like everyone was always a rush to fill the air with sound. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：到处都有人在喊叫 —— 感觉好像每个人总是匆匆忙忙地让空气中充满声音。“in a rush” 是固定短语，意为 “匆匆忙忙”。故填in。 例4（2025·上海宝山·二模） In the meantime, you can still experiment with simple text-to-video tools 10 invideo AI, a creation and education in mind. It's perfect for creating online courses, “explainer” videos or providing visuals for a short story. 【答案】like 【解析】考查介词。句意：与此同时，你仍然可以尝试一些简单的文本到视频的工具，比如invideo AI，它以创作和教育为目的。根据句意和空格后的例子invideo AI可知，空格处应该填入一个介词，且意义为“像，比如”，所以应该用介词like。故填like。 例5（2025·上海杨浦·二模） It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described ____a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. 【答案】as 【解析】考查介词及固定短语。句意：它甚至成为了一个旅游景点，人们会在这个可以被称为艺术品的地方附近自拍留念。固定短语：be described as，意为“被描述为、被称为……”，符合句意。故填as。 例6（2025·上海崇明·二模） Now the pygmy hippo (侏儒河马), named Moo Deng, has an official song and video released several languages for her fans worldwide. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：如今，名为Moo Deng的侏儒河马已经拥有了一首官方歌曲及视频，该作品以多种语言发布，供全球粉丝欣赏。“in + 语言”表示“用某种语言”，此处in several languages表示“用几种语言”。故填in。 例7（2025·上海黄浦·二模） This casts you the role of “someone else,” and may help you feel more sympathy and understand others’ feelings. 【答案】in/into 【解析】考查介词。句意：这会让你扮演“他人”的角色，可能会帮助你更有同情心，更理解他人的感受。cast sb. in/into the role of是固定短语，意为“使某人扮演……的角色”，因此空格处是介词in/into。故填in/into。 例8（2025·上海奉贤·二模） “….if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down _______up.” 【答案】rather than 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：具体来说，这些阴影的设计是为了引导光线向下而不是向上。表示“而不是”短语为rather than，说明光线引导的方向，即“向下而不是向上”。故填rather than。 例9（2025·上海松江·二模） Researchers found that when people broke up a walk into periods of 10 to 30 seconds, short breaks in between, they used up to 60 per cent more energy than covering the same stretch in one go. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：研究人员发现，当人们将一次散步分成10到30秒的时间段，中间有短暂的休息时，他们消耗的能量比一次走完同样的路程要多60%。分析句子结构可知，此处需使用介词“with”表示“有”。故填with。 例10（2025·上海青浦·二模） In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction _______a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, ……. 【答案】rather than/instead of 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：老板的建议，即使被误导，也可能感觉像是一个指示而不是一个选择。根据前文“A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction”可知，此处应填表示“而不是”的介词短语，故填rather than/instead of。 例11 （2025·上海金山·二模） Anyone, _______age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. 【答案】regardless of 【解析】考查介词短语。句意：任何人，无论年龄和性别，都可以尝试。根据语境，这里表示“无论”年龄和性别，用介词短语regardless of。故填regardless of。 例12（2025·上海长宁·二模） The CTP was founded in 2010, the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people. 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词固定搭配。句意：CTP成立于2010年，目的是制作和巡演针对年轻人的戏剧节目。根据句意可知，此处表示“目的是”，可用固定短语with the purpose of。故填with。 例13（2025·上海普陀·二模） They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, 3 their appreciation of nature. 【答案】in 【解析】考查介词。句意：他们发现，几乎拥有所有相同基因的同卵双胞胎在对自然的欣赏方面比拥有约一半相同基因的异卵双胞胎更相似。be similar in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面相似的”；in表示“在……方面”。故填in。 例14（2025年长宁一模） Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ________ extremely hot days. 【答案】on##for##during##amid 【解析】考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。 例15（2025年杨浦一模） _____most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. 【答案】 Unlike 【解析】考查介词。句意：与大多数读书俱乐部不同，无声读书俱乐部的明尼阿波利斯分会不要求会员读某一本书。根据句意可知，此处应用介词表示“与……不同”，介词unlike符合语境，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Unlike。 例16（2025年金山一模） “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread can never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt ….. 【答案】 Despite 考查介词。句意：“你妈妈或你阿姨做的油炸面包永远不可能是世界上其他人做的。” 尽管种类繁多，但大多数版本都有一些共同点。…… 空后为名词the variety，结合“most versions have a few things in common”可知，此处含让步关系，空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite，句首单词的首字 母需大写。故填Despite。 例17（2025年松江一模） Kung fu originates in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children. 【答案】among##with 【解析】考查介词。句意：现在它在肯尼亚越来越受欢迎，特别是在学龄儿童中。grow in popularity among/with...意为“在……中间越来越受欢迎”，为固定搭配。故填among/with。 例18（2025年青浦一模） ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. 【答案】Rather than/ Instead of 【解析】考查短语。句意：这项研究并没有引起不必要的焦虑，而是假设去皮可以有效去除几乎所有残留的农药。根据语境可知，此处表示 “而不是，并非”，可用 “Rather than/ Instead of”，故填 “Rather than/ Instead of”。 例19（2025年崇明一模） Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：但报告指出，此类改革存在重大障碍。“barrier to...” 为固定搭配，意为 “…… 的障碍”，故填 “to”。 例20（2025年浦东新区一模） He feels, because people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example. 【答案】through 【解析】考查介词。句意：他补充说，他不会轻视这份责任，因为他能够通过自己在例子中所做的事情来帮助人们。结合语境可知，此处表示 “通过…… 方式”，应用介词 through，故填 through。 思维建模 【01】考生容易死记硬背短语搭配，例如遇到 stand只想到自己最熟悉的短语，但有的动词可以搭配较多介词，分别引用有不同的语境，需要瞻前顾后，分析句子结构，理清句意才能得出正确答案。 【02】介词或介词短语的意思随着语境的变化会有灵活的变化，且不可生搬硬套，应当熟练掌握介词的基本意思，再根据不同的语境做出正确的判断。 题型2 介词在句子翻译中的运用 例1 【2025·上海虹口·二模】 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) 【答案】As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. 【解析】“依水” 用by/on water，考地点介词表 “凭借水源”，on 表 “临水源而建”，by 表 “依赖水路发展”。描述客观事实用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“作为一座依水而兴的城市”应为介词短语As a city that grows/develops by/on water；表示“被……包围”应为被动句式be surrounded by；表示“江河湖海”应为名词短语rivers, lakes, and seas；后接非谓语动词作状语，表示“提供”为动词offer，和逻辑主语Shanghai为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“各种独特的娱乐体验”应为名词短语a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences；表示“与……相联系”应为动词短语be associated with/linked to；表示“地标”为名词landmarks。故翻译为：As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. 例2【2025·上海闵行·二模】 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct） 【答案】Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 【解析】adapt to（适应）固定搭配用 to；by instinct（本能地）考方式介词 by 表 “凭借本能”。根据汉语题干可知，表示“骆驼”用camel，此处表示泛指，用复数形式，作主语，句子开头，注意用大写；“会适应”是句子的谓语，句子陈述的客观事实，用一般现在时，故可译为can adapt或adapt；表示“干旱的沙漠环境”用the dry desert environment，作“会适应”的宾语；再结合已给英文提示instinct，所以表示“本能地”用by instinct或者out of instinct，置于句尾，修饰谓语adapt to。故翻译为Camels (can) adapt to the dry desert environment by instinct / out of instinct. 例3【2025·上海浦东新·二模】 这位教练精心编写的健身手册将于明年2月问世。(expect) 【答案】The fitness manual carefully-written by the coach is expected to come out in February next year. 【解析】in February考月份介词 in；by the coach表 “被教练编写”，被动结构中用 by 表执行者。句子主语“健身手册”译为the fitness manual，“这位教练精心编写的”是修饰“健身手册”的定语部分，“编写”为动词write，the fitness manual和write之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式written，“教练”是the coach，“精心地”是副词carefully，修饰过去分词written，形成carefully-written by the coach的过去分词短语作后置定语修饰the fitness manual，根据提示词expect，“将于……”使用be expected to do sth.结构表示“被期望将做某事”，这种预期是现在就存在的，时态为一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词用is，“问世”用固定短语come out表达，时间状语“明年2月”译为in February next year。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为：The fitness manual carefully-written by the coach is expected to come out in February next year. 例4【2025·上海嘉定·二模】 学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure) 【答案】Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technology by participating in research projects. 【解析】by participating in考方式介词 by + 动名词；exposure to（接触）固定搭配用 to。表示“前沿技术”应用名词短语cutting-edge technologies，作宾语，表示“参与”应用动词短语participate in，此处应用介词短语by participating in作方式状语，表示“科研项目”应用名词短语research projects，作宾语，故翻译为Students gained exposure to cutting-edge technologies by participating in research projects。 例5【2025·上海崇明·二模】 我表姐每次旅行回来, 都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。（Every time） 【答案】Every time my cousin comes back from a trip, she buys some souvenirs with local characteristics. 【解析】from a trip表 “从旅行中”，考来源介词 from；with local characteristics用 with 表 “带有特征”。表示“每次”应用every time，引导时间状语从句；表示“我表姐”应用my cousin；表示“旅行回来”应用come back from a trip，此处陈述经常性的动作，使用一般现在时；表示“她”应用she；表示“买”应用buy；表示“一些当地有特色的纪念品”应用some souvenirs with local characteristics；主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故翻译成：Every time my cousin comes back from a trip, she buys some souvenirs with local characteristics.。 例6【2025·上海崇明·二模】 为抵御台风来袭，志愿者们正顶风冒雨，挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。（regardless of） 【答案】To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors. 【解析】regardless of（不顾）固定短语；defend against（抵御）用 against 表对抗对象。“台风来袭”译为the approaching typhoon，现在分词approaching作定语，“志愿者们”使用名词复数volunteers，“挨家挨户”使用动词短语go door to door，此处表示正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，“顶风冒雨”使用介词短语regardless of the wind and rain，“提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内”译为remind the residents to move their potted plants indoors，和逻辑主语volunteers之间是主动关系，使用现在分词作状语，故翻译为：To defend against the approaching typhoon, the volunteers are going door to door regardless of the wind and rain, reminding the residents to move their potted plants indoors. 例7【2025·上海静安·二模】 一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动，而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive) 【答案】Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas. 【解析】被动结构driven by（被推动）用 by；stem from（源于）考来源介词 from。表示“一些技术突破”用some technological breakthroughs，作主语；表示“科技巨头们”为tech giants；表示“普通人的奇思妙想”可翻译为ordinary people’s creative ideas；表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…。故翻译为Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas. 例8【2025·上海徐汇·二模】 她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品，结果超重了。(stuff) 【答案】Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with so many souvenirs that it was overweight. 【解析】be stuffed with（塞满）用 with 表填充内容，区别于 by（动作执行者）。“她的行李箱” 表达为 “Her suitcase/luggage”；“纪念品” 是 “souvenirs”；“结果” 可翻译为“so...that...引导的结果状语从句”；“超重了” 翻译为 “was overweight”，整体句子描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故翻译为：Her suitcase/luggage was stuffed with so many souvenirs that it was overweight. 例9【2025·上海徐汇·二模】 这家餐厅成功地将传统烹饪技艺融入现代国际美食中，创造出独特的风味。(integrate) 【答案】This restaurant successfully integrated traditional cooking techniques into modern international cuisine, creating unique flavors. 【解析】integrate into（融入）固定搭配用 into，表 “进入某范畴” 的空间逻辑。“这家餐厅”是this restaurant，“成功地”是successfully，“将……融入……”是integrate...into...，句中描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，integrate用过去式，“传统烹饪技艺”是traditional cooking techniques，“现代国际美食”是modern international cuisine，“创造出”是create，句中谓语是integrated，create用非谓语动词，用现在分词表结果，“独特的风味”是unique flavors，因此整句话翻译为This restaurant successfully integrated traditional cooking techniques into modern international cuisine, creating unique flavors. 例10【2025·上海金山·二模】 这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) 【答案】The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 【解析】contribute to（贡献）中 to 为介词，后接动名词；to the world表方向用 to。根据中文提示可知，表示“这部电影”应用the film，在本句中作主语；表示“做出了很大贡献”应用 contributes/ has contributed significantly to，这里时态可用一般现在时表示客观情况，也可用现在完成时强调对现在的影响；表示“推动中国文化走向世界”应用promote Chinese culture to the world，为动词短语，且contribute to doing sth，表“助成某事”，为固定搭配，所以这里应用动名词短语作介词to后宾语。故填The film contributes/ has contributed significantly to promoting Chinese culture to the world. 例11 【2025·上海金山·二模】 他忘了在饭盒上贴标签，有人不小心错拿了。(label) 【答案】He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it./He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake. 【解析】by mistake（错误地）固定短语，考介词短语作方式状语。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。“忘记做某事”表达为forget to do sth.，因此表示“他忘了在饭盒上贴标签”应用he forgot to label his lunchbox；表示“有人不小心错拿了”可翻译为so someone accidentally took it，其中 accidentally(意外地)为副词作状语；表示“有人不小心错拿了”也可翻译为so someone took it by mistake，其中by mistake(错误地)为介词短语作状语。故翻译为He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone accidentally took it.或He forgot to label his lunchbox, so someone took it by mistake. 例12【2025·上海金山·二模】 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) 【答案】Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 【解析】in full spring bloom（春意盎然）用 in 表状态；came across中 across 为介词表 “穿过 / 偶遇”。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“上周末”应用last weekend，在本句中作状语；表示“在春意盎然的植物园”应用in the botanical garden in full spring bloom，在本句中作地点状语，其中in full spring bloom (春意盎然的) 为介词短语作定语修饰前面名词garden；表示“我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇”应用my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across，为主谓结构，其中come across表“偶然遇见”，为固定搭配；表示“（这让）我们都非常激动”应用which excited us a lot，为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面句子，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 例13【2025·上海松江·二模】 池塘边石柱上的精美雕刻体现了人与自然和谐共生的理念。（belief） 【答案】The exquisite carvings on the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 【解析】on the pillars（石柱上）考表面接触用 on；by the pond（池塘边）用 by 表邻近；between...and... 表两者间。“精美的雕刻”可翻译为exquisite carvings，“池塘边石柱上”可翻译为介词短语on the stone pillars by the pond，“体现”可翻译为reflect，根据提示可知，“理念”可使用名词belief在句中作宾语，“人与自然和谐共生的理念”可翻译为belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature。根据语境可知，该句陈述一般事实，因此可使用一般现在时。故翻译为：The exquisite carvings on the stone pillars by the pond reflect the belief of harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. 例14【2025·上海宝山·二模】 虽然学校餐厅人潮拥挤，但排队的队伍井然有序，学生们打好饭都能找到一张桌子坐下来用餐。(order) 【答案】Although the school cafeteria was crowded, the waiting lines were still in good order and all the students could find a table to sit at after they got their food. 【解析】in good order（有序）固定搭配；sit at a table用 at 表具体位置（坐在桌边）。句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，“虽然”是although，引导让步状语从句，“学校餐厅”是the school cafeteria，“人潮拥挤”是be crowded，主语the school cafeteria是单数，因此be动词用was，“排队的队伍”是the waiting lines，“（仍然）井然有序”是be still in good order，主语lines是复数，be动词用were，“学生们都能”是all the students could，“找到一张桌子坐下来用餐”是find a table to sit at，“打好饭”是after they got their food，after引导的时间状语从句。故答案为Although the school cafeteria was crowded, the waiting lines were still in good order and all the students could find a table to sit at after they got their food. 例15【2025·上海杨浦·二模】 恰如古语所云，未曾领略冬之凛冽，无法感知春之和煦，这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond) 【答案】As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring. 【解析】from winter to spring考时间过渡用 from...to...；correspond to（符合）固定搭配用 to。此处陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“恰如古语所云”可翻译为as the timeless saying goes；表示“未曾领略冬之凛冽”可翻译为without experiencing the cold of winter，其中动名词作宾语；主语为one；表示“无法感知春之和煦”翻译为can’t appreciate the warmth of spring；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“体现”短语为correspond to/with（相一致；符合）；表示“冬去春来、季节交替的真谛”翻译为the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring。故翻译为As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring. 思维建模 【01】首先分析句子上下文中是否有固定搭配，然后根据句子结构正确翻译，有时就是介词的核心意思应用于复杂语境，考查整体理解能力。 【02】遇到长句时，分析句子结构，理清句子主干部分和修饰语，句子的便可轻松提炼出来; 确定是否需要介词。介词考查核心意思，需瞻前顾后，除了兼顾句法句意外，还应关注固定搭配。 1. （2024年新高考II卷） I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.” 【答案】to 【解析】考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 2.（2024年全国甲卷）What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 【答案】for 【解析】考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 3.（2023年新高考II卷） And who do they speak English ______? 【答案】with 【解析】考查介词。句意：那他们和谁说英语呢？根据句子意思判断，他们和谁用英语交流。故填with。 4.（2022年全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 　 　 ________the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 【答案】by 【解析】考查介词。此处be named by表示“由……命名”。根据前面的被动语态was named可知，此处填介词by表被动。 5.（2019年高考英语浙江卷）The answer ______ this question is not clear. 【答案】to 【解析】考查介词。句意：这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/ answer to…..这是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填 to。 【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement. 【答案】 at 【解析】考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. 【答案】As 【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。 （2023年1月·上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. 【答案】 21. Originating 22. Although/Though/While 23. who/that 24. to include 25. What 26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 28. it 29. rewarded 30. at 【导读】文章主要讲述Young Enterprise是一个教育组织，旨在教导年轻人经营企业的基本原则。它起源于美国，在英国得到了广泛支持。参与者被称为"Achievers"，他们可以是在校学生或已离校但未开始工作的年轻人。每个Young Enterprise公司都有顾问来指导他们，顾问必须具备相关商业经验。赞助商提供支持并根据企业的成功获得回报。 【解析】 21. Originating 考查现在分词 "originate"是“起源于……”，非谓语动词的现在分词形式，修饰"the idea of Young Enterprise"，表示Young Enterprise的想法起源于美国。 22. Although/Though/While 考查让步状语从句。"although/though/while"表示让步关系，引导让步状语从句，意为"尽管"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 23. who/that 考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 24. to include 考查动词不定式。"to include"根据句子结构，空格前的谓语动词is。判定此处为非谓语动词，而且结合句子结构It is加形容词加to do something.故填入动词不定式to include. 句意：但通常可以将同一年龄段的年轻人包括在内，他们已经离开学校，但尚未开始工作。 25. What 考查名词从句。这里使用名词从句"What counts for Advisers"引导一个主语从句，意为"对于顾问来说，重要的是……"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 28.it 考查代词。 "it"是代词，作为形式宾语代替后面that从句。真正宾语是"that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations"。 29. rewarded 考查过去分词。"rewarded"是过去分词作后置定语，修饰"Sponsor"，表示"被奖励"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 30. 考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 2 / 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第02讲 介词及介词短语 目录 01 考情解码・命题预警 2 02体系构建·思维可视 3 03核心突破·靶向攻坚 3 知能解码 3 知识点1 介词的基本用法 4 知识点2 介词与其它词类搭配 12 知识点3 动词短语中的介词 15 题型破译 20 题型1 介词在语法填空题中的考查 20 【思维建模】根据句子成分进行分析推理 题型2 介词在句子翻译题中的运用 24 【思维建模】在语境中具体运用 04真题溯源·考向感知 30 考点要求 考查形式 近年考题 （1）考查常见介词的基本语义和用法； （2）考查介词与动词的固定搭配； （3）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对介词及介词短语的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement. 【答案】 at 【解析】考查介词（at the expense...），构成介词短语"at its own expense"，表示"以自己的费用"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. 【答案】As 【解析】考查介词,此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”,后面是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词。结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。 考情分析： 高考命题不局限于考查单个介词，而是更加注重对介词基本用法和固定搭配中的介词的考查。 必考点： 1. 介词的基本意思和用法； 2. 介词和其它词类搭配搭配； 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握介词及介词短语的基本用法； 2. 掌握介词与其他词类所构成的一些固定短语； 3. 强化在复杂语境中介词及其相关短语的运用 介词概述 介词是一种虚词。介词在句中后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语，表示人或事物之间的关系。语法填空题介词是必考点和难点，翻译题则是对介词在句子中熟练运用的综合考查。 1. 常见介词及短语的基本用法 2. 介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。 知识点1 介词的基本用法 要点1 介词形式的分类 时间介词：at, about, after, before, during, by, from, for, in, on,, until, since 方位介词：at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through 原因介词：at, with, because of, for, owing to, on account of 方式介词：with, in, by 其它介词：about关于, on关于, of ......的, with与......一起，用， without没有, like像, except除了, besides除了......之外还有, instead of而不是, but除了，from自从，despite, in spite of, regardless of等。 易错提醒： 1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时，其前面不用介词，如：this morning 2.当表示时间的词前有next时，其前面不用介词，如: next Sunday 3.当表示时间的词前有last时，其前面不用介词，如：last Sunday 4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时，其前面不用介词，如：You can come any day. 要点2 常用介词辨析 1. 表示“时间”的介词 at, on , in at表示时刻、时间的某一点；at noon, at 7 o’clock, at dawn, at daybreak, at sunrise, at Christmas on表示具体的某一天，某一天的上、下午或晚上；on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day in表示月、季节、年，泛指上午、下午、晚上（在一段时间内）; in Ming Dynasty, in September, in the morning before表示“在……之前”；after表示“在……之后”。 I will be back before lunch.午饭之前我赶回来。 The nights start after half past five in winter.冬天的夜晚在5点半之后开始。 by, until/till, by, until by表示“在……之前，截止到……”； until/till表示“直到……为止”； by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成; until表示动作持续到什么时候，在终止性动词的否定式中，二者通用。 Can you repair my bike by Friday?你能在星期五之前修好我的自行车吗？ You can stay on the bus until London.你可以不用下车，一直坐到伦敦。 We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till 7:00.直到7点我们才开始看电视。 The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.这项工作明天才能完成。 for, during, through for表示“达……之久”，指经过多长时间，常和完成时连用； during表示“在……期间或某项活动中”； through表示“一直……”，指从开始到结束。 They have lived here for five years.他们已经在这里生活了5年。 She learned Japanese during her stay in Shanghai.她在上海逗留期间学会了日语。 They played cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 from, since from表示“从……起”； since表示“自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续）” The meeting will be held from seven to nine.这个会议将从7点开到9点。 I have been studying medicine since 2021.自从2021年以来我一直在学习医学。 in, within in表示“在……后（未来时间）”； within表示“不超过……的范围”。 He will be back in three hours.他3小时后回来。 You must finish the test within an hour.你必须在一小时之内完成这项测试。 2. 表示动向和位置的介词 at, in, at表示“在某地（较狭窄的场所）”； in表示“在某地（较宽敞的场所）”。 at home在家 at a factory在一家工厂 in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 on, above, over和below, under, beneath on表示“在……上面（有接触面）”；above表示“在……上方”；over表示“在……正上方”；under表示“在……正下方”；below表示“在……下方”。 on the wall在墙上 above the clouds在云端 over the sea在海上 under the chair在椅子下 below the surface of the water在水面下 by, near by表示“在……旁边”； near表示“在……附近”。 by me在我旁边 near the house在房子附近 between, among, around between表示“在两者之间”； among表示“在三者（以上）之中”； around表示“环绕（四周）”。 between A and B在A和B之间 among the trees在树林中 around the table围在桌边 in front of, opposite, behind in front of表示“在……前面/正面”； behind表示“在……后面”； opposite表示“在……对面”。 in front of the classroom在教室前面 behind my house在我家房子后面 opposite me在我对面 in, into, out of , up in表示“在……之内”， into表示“进入”； out of表示“从……到外面”； up表示“向上移动”。 be in the classroom在教室里 ran into the classroom跑进教室 rush out of the room冲出房间 climb up the tree爬上树 along, across, past, through along表示“沿着”； across表示“横穿（平面）”； past表示“经过”； through表示“通过（内部空间）”其含义与in有关，。 along the river/railway沿着河边/铁路 across the river横渡过河 past the city hall经过市政厅 through the city/forest穿过城市/森林 to, for, from to表示“到达……目的地或目标”； for表示“向……（目的地）”； from表示“从……（地点）起”。 get to the airport到达机场 leave for动身去 from Beijing to Shanghai从北京到上海 3. 表示原因的介词 常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。 for, because of, at, out of for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。 I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。 at:常表示某种表情的起因，常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。 You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息，你看上去并不是很吃惊。 He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。 from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因 Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。 of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。 I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。 with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。 Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。 by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。 by chance/accident意外，偶然地, by nature天生 because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。 He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。 owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。 They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定推迟旅行。 due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。 The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。 on account of:与because of，owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。 That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。 thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。4. 表示除.....之外的介词 besides表示“除了……外，还有……”，表示累加关系，指包括介词宾语在内； except表示“除……以外”，表示排除关系，指从整体中除去一部分； but表示“除……以外”，与except同义，但是比except的语气更强烈。 I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文，我还喜欢英语和数学。 Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外，所有人都在这里。 There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外，什么也没有。 5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词 against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。 He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。 for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of同义。 Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划? 6. 表示方式的介词 in, with, by in表示“用材料、语言”。Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。He prefers traveling by car. 要点2 重难易错常考介词 一 for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 1. It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 2. It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 二 不可遗漏的后置介词 1. 在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 2. 在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 3. 在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 4. 作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 三 to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如： to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 自主检测新情境 1． the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can’t only measure the severity (严重性) of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. 2． the dozens of LEED-certified buildings in Taiwan, Taipei 101 is the most notable recipient. That’s because it is the tallest building in the world holding a LEED certification. 3．76 participants different countries walked shoulder to shoulder through the performance zone in a program that greeted all the people around the world. 4．Hundreds of thousands of people suddenly found themselves in the dark water, electricity, air conditioning, and internet. 5．Everybody was touched words after they heard her moving story. (用适当的词填空) 6.To breathe new life into Qiang embroidery, Chen has continued to keep an open mind, introducing new products personal accessories(配饰), notebooks and bags in addition to the traditional clothes. 7. Covering an area of 3.6 square kilometers, Huangyao has a history of nearly 1,000 years ____ its origins dating back to the Song Dynasty. 8. As a student, I get so many assignments every day. I have to stay up late in order to finish all my homework. I used to complain about all this pressure ________ school with my classmates. 9. the numerous bronze statues there, this giant standing bronze figure, measuring 260.8 centimeters in height, is the “highest” ruler. 10. Gui then pursued postdoctoral research overseas and published about 20 SCI academic papers in top international journals. After returning to China, he received Beihang’s invitation to teach_________ an associate professor. 11.“Hopefully, I can be of some help in inspiring more young people to find their lifelong passion cultural heritage preservation,” said Song. 12. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid ______ other flowers in Tokyo. 13. According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it _______ our senses, encoding it and storing it — much like a computer. 14. "You can't even put up your tent, which is your only shelter, ______ putting on huge gloves, otherwise you'll get a frostbite. Putting up a tent in oven gloves isn't easy." 15．There is no better place to get delicious, filling, fun and glorious food in one of the many wet markets in Shanghai. (用适当的词填空) 变式演练.With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” 知识点2 介词与其它词类搭配 要点1 介词和名词的搭配 ① at+n. 表示状态 at peace 处于和平中 at ease 安心自在,不拘束 at drill 在操练 at random随意地,胡乱地 at work 在工作 at play 在玩耍 ② by+n. 表示方式 by hand 手工的 by mistake 错误的 by chance/accident 偶然 by design 故意地 by turns 轮流地,交替地 by surprise 突然(冷不防,出其不意地) ③ in+n.表示方式 in shape 在外形上 in cash 用现金付的 in brief 简言之 in detail 详细地 in general 一般说来 in person 亲自 in tum 轮流，依次 in advance 事先提前 in vain 白费，徒劳 ④ in+n 表示状态 in debt 负债 in order 整齐 in condition健康 in doubt 怀疑 in danger 处于危险中 in surprise惊奇地 in public 公开的 in shame 由于害羞 in comfort舒适地 ⑤ of +n. 表示特征 of value 有价值 of importance重要 of use 有用 of help 有帮助 of interest有兴趣 of ability 有能力 ⑥ on +n. 表示状态 on guard 值班，警戒 on show/display展览 on business 因公出差 on strike在罢工 on duty 值班 on leave/sick leave 在度假/休病假 ⑦ out of +n 表示状态 out of sight 看不到 out of mind 发狂 out of danger脱离危险 out of trouble摆脱困难 out of office 在野，不执政 out of business 失业 out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出故障 out of debt 不欠债 out of control不受控制 out of question 毫无疑问 out of breath 气喘吁吁 out of condition 身体不佳 out of date 过时 ⑧ under+n.表示被动 under discussion/treatment/control/attack/consideration在讨论中/治疗中/控制中/被攻击/在考虑中 ⑨ with+n. 表示方式 with pleasure愉快地 with delight 高兴地 with fear 吓得 with satisfaction 满意地 with difficulty困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 要点2 介词和形容词的搭配 ① adj. + about be anxious about 为……而忧虑 be certain/sure about 对……有把握 be doubtful about 对……怀疑 be enthusiastic about 对……热情的/热心的 be hopeful about 对……抱有希望 be incredulous about 对……不相信 ② adj.+ at be quick at 做……敏捷 be slow at 对……反应慢 be surprised at 对……吃惊 be bad at 不擅长 be terrified at 受到……恐吓 be shocked at ……震惊 ③ adj. + from be absent from 缺席 be free from 不受……影响 be safe from 安全 be different from 与……不同 ④ adj. + for be anxious for 渴望 be hungry for渴望 be eager for 渴望 be fit for 适合 be unfit for不适合 be thankful for 因……而感激 be famous for 因……而著名 be ready for为……作好准备 be responsible for 对……负责 ⑤ adj. + in be weak in不擅长…… be strict in 对……严格 be rich in 含有丰富的…… be dressed in 穿着…… be successful in 在……上成功 be absorbed in 专心于 be disappointed in 对……失望 be experienced in 对……有经验 be expert in 在……方面熟练 be fortunate in 有幸 ⑥ adj. + of be ashamed of 羞耻 be aware of 知道 be guilty of 有罪的 be proud of 骄傲 be short of 缺乏 be sick of 厌烦 be tired of 厌倦 be worthy of值得 be free of 免于 be shy of 对……感到害羞 ⑦ adj. + to be contrary to 与……相反 be determined to 决定…… be equal to 等于 be familiar to 对……所熟悉 be favourable to 对……有利 be harmful to 对……有害 be different to 不同于 be similar to 相似,相似 be polite to 对……有礼貌 be rude to 对……无礼 be determined to 决定… be equal to 等于 be familiar to对……所熟悉 be favourable to对……有利 be harmful to对……有害 be similar to 相似，相似 be polite to对……有礼貌 be suitable to 适合 be rude to对……无礼 be married to 与……结婚 ⑧ adj. + with be popular with 受……欢迎 be patient with 对……有耐心 be sick with 患病 be pleased with 对……喜欢 be crowded with 充满…… be content with 对……满足 be annoyed with 对……烦恼 be familiar with 精通,熟悉 be friendly with 与……友好 be nervous with 对……紧张 be satisfied with 对……满意 ⑨ adj. + on be dependant on 依靠 be keen on 热衷于…… be severe on对……严格/严厉 要点3 介词其它搭配 n.+prep. +n. ① n. +by+n. side by side 肩并肩 step by step 一步一步地 one by one 一个接一个地 little by little一点一点地 day by day 一天一天地 ② n. + after +n. day after day日复一日地 year after year 复一年地 ③ n. +in+n. arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in hand手牵手地 heart in ones mouth 提心吊胆 ④ n. + to + n. day to day 日常的 heart to heart互相交心地 face to face 面对面地 back to back 背靠背地 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩地 ⑤ in +n. +of in fear of 害怕 in charge of负责 in honor of 为纪念,为庆祝 in memory of 为纪念 in need/want/demand of需要 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有 in search of 寻找 in case of 以防,万一 in control of 管理 in danger of处于……的危险中 in terms of就......而言 in respect of关于，涉及 in spite of尽管，虽然 in praise of表扬 自主检测新情境 1．In competitive exams, students capable managing time effectively often achieve better results. 2．Therefore, apart being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 3．The government’s quick response the crisis earned public praise. 4．Amy was chosen for the position because she was far superior any other candidate. 5．If the computer should break down within the first year, we would repair it our expense. 6. It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions. 7. In contrast _______ the opening ceremony, during the closing ceremony, athletes from all delegations (代表团) entered the stadium together, mingling (交际) without regard to nationality. 8．However, it did not stop her from completing her college and graduate studies before becoming a white-collar worker in Shanghai, _______her parents’ great support. 知识点3 动词短语中的介词 1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有： throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发 carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开 2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有： answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求 plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找 send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿 3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有： try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着 pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持 keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车） 4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有： come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习 get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑 take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转 5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有： bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出 cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长 grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成 put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到 send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点 6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有： come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心 walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产 give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选 find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是 get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通 bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。 自主检测新情境 1. Looking forward, we should invest in new technologies and innovative thinking that open the door a whole new world where we decrease reliance on fossil fuels. 2. I hold the firm belief that I am equal the job as a volunteer for the fair. 3. A birthday surprise is not easy to come by for 90-year-old Wong, having lived through the majority of the length and breadth of human experience, but dressing up in traditional Chinese hanfu this year came a welcome treat. 4.We were arguing what gift we should send to our teacher when Tom came up a good idea． 5．The moment I saw Robin, the days when we were together on the island immediately sprang mind. 6．Does the library subscribe the journals which are recommended by our teachers? 7．He took it granted that he would be given the job as a managing director. 8．The serious disease not only led to his disability but also left him heavy debt. （用适当的词填空） 9．On behalf our school, I would like to convey my sincere welcome for your visiting. 10．Whenever the consultant in psychology was worn out, he was starving a cup of coffee to refresh himself. 11．They are composed several parts, each one with a specific function. 12．Many brave people spare great efforts to climb Mount Everest the risk of losing their lives. 13．Graduating from college doesn’t mean you have to lose touch your former classmates. 14．Focus on your study, and don’t make yourself get distracted the surroundings. 15．When humans engage small talk, it actually provides a feeling of happiness. (用适当的词填空) 16．Shopping on the Internet enables people not to search goods from one store to another. 17．Only by competing each other can we make great progress in our study. 18．When Michael Janes took the project, things changed completely. 19．Would you please drop in the post office on your way home and send off this book for me? 20．The apples on the tree are the reach of the boy, so he had to ask his brother for help. 题型1 介词在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） He relied heavily Henson, who had journeyed with him through the Arctic before. Henson wasn’t just an explorer; he was a survivalist, trained by the Inuit (因纽特人) in the art of handling the ice. 例2（2025·上海闵行·二模） Guest Talks offer students advice and insight journalism experts in topics such as radio reporting and journalism learning in college. 例3（2025·上海虹口·二模） Shouting is literally everywhere—it felt like everyone was always a rush to fill the air with sound. 例4（2025·上海宝山·二模） In the meantime, you can still experiment with simple text-to-video tools 10 invideo AI, a creation and education in mind. It's perfect for creating online courses, “explainer” videos or providing visuals for a short story. 例5（2025·上海杨浦·二模） It has even become a tourist attraction for people to shoot photos of themselves near what could be described ____a work of art. Magritte, the late Belgian surrealist master, would have approved of the Bockenheimer Warte subway station. 例6（2025·上海崇明·二模） Now the pygmy hippo (侏儒河马), named Moo Deng, has an official song and video released several languages for her fans worldwide. 例7（2025·上海黄浦·二模） This casts you the role of “someone else,” and may help you feel more sympathy and understand others’ feelings. 例8（2025·上海奉贤·二模） “….if possible, lights are equipped with shades to minimize light pollution. Specifically, these shades are designed to direct the light down _______up.” 例9（2025·上海松江·二模） Researchers found that when people broke up a walk into periods of 10 to 30 seconds, short breaks in between, they used up to 60 per cent more energy than covering the same stretch in one go. 例10（2025·上海青浦·二模） In workplaces, those in a high social position often increase the influence of certain voices. A boss’s suggestion, however misguided, can feel like an instruction _______a choice. Research shows that people are more likely to follow advice when it comes from someone they perceive as an expert, ……. 例11 （2025·上海金山·二模） Anyone, _______age or gender, can try it. This makes it widely appealing in China. 例12（2025·上海长宁·二模） The CTP was founded in 2010, the purpose of producing and touring theatre shows that are aimed at young people. 例13（2025·上海普陀·二模） They found that identical twins, who share almost all of their genes, were more similar to each other than fraternal twins, who share around half of their genes, 3 their appreciation of nature. 例14（2025年长宁一模） Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade ________ extremely hot days. 例15（2025年杨浦一模） _____most book clubs, the Silent Book Club’s Minneapolis chapter doesn’t require members to read a specific book. 例16（2025年金山一模） “Your mom’s or your aunt’s frybread can never be made by anyone else in the world.” ___3___ the variety, most versions have a few things in common. The basic ingredients are flour, baking powder or soda, and salt ….. 例17（2025年松江一模） Kung fu originates in China and is a key part of its traditional culture. It has now grown in popularity in Kenya, particularly ____8____ school-age children. 例18（2025年青浦一模） ______ ______ bringing up unnecessary anxiety, the research assumes that peeling can effectively wipe out nearly all pesticide left. 例19（2025年崇明一模） Waste prevention measures and improved waste treatment could reduce those costs, the report said. But it notes, there are major barriers (5) _____ such reforms. 例20（2025年浦东新区一模） He feels, because people are watching, it’s important to set a good example in your behavior. He adds that he doesn’t take that responsibility lightly because he is able to help people (8)_________ the things he does in the example. 思维建模 【01】考生容易死记硬背短语搭配，例如遇到 stand只想到自己最熟悉的短语，但有的动词可以搭配较多介词，分别引用有不同的语境，需要瞻前顾后，分析句子结构，理清句意才能得出正确答案。 【02】介词或介词短语的意思随着语境的变化会有灵活的变化，且不可生搬硬套，应当熟练掌握介词的基本意思，再根据不同的语境做出正确的判断。 题型2 介词在句子翻译中的运用 例1 【2025·上海虹口·二模】 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) 例2【2025·上海闵行·二模】 骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。（instinct） 例3【2025·上海浦东新·二模】 这位教练精心编写的健身手册将于明年2月问世。(expect) 例4【2025·上海嘉定·二模】 学生通过参与科研项目接触到了前沿技术。(exposure) 例5【2025·上海崇明·二模】 我表姐每次旅行回来, 都会买一些有当地特色的纪念品。（Every time） 例6【2025·上海崇明·二模】 为抵御台风来袭，志愿者们正顶风冒雨，挨家挨户提醒居民把盆栽搬入室内。（regardless of） 例7【2025·上海静安·二模】 一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动，而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive) 例8【2025·上海徐汇·二模】 她的行李箱里塞满了纪念品，结果超重了。(stuff) 例9【2025·上海徐汇·二模】 这家餐厅成功地将传统烹饪技艺融入现代国际美食中，创造出独特的风味。(integrate) 例10【2025·上海金山·二模】 这部电影为推动中国文化走向世界做出了很大贡献。(contribute) 例11 【2025·上海金山·二模】 他忘了在饭盒上贴标签，有人不小心错拿了。(label) 例12【2025·上海金山·二模】 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) 例13【2025·上海松江·二模】 池塘边石柱上的精美雕刻体现了人与自然和谐共生的理念。（belief） 例14【2025·上海宝山·二模】 虽然学校餐厅人潮拥挤，但排队的队伍井然有序，学生们打好饭都能找到一张桌子坐下来用餐。(order) 例15【2025·上海杨浦·二模】 恰如古语所云，未曾领略冬之凛冽，无法感知春之和煦，这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond) 思维建模 【01】首先分析句子上下文中是否有固定搭配，然后根据句子结构正确翻译，有时就是介词的核心意思应用于复杂语境，考查整体理解能力。 【02】遇到长句时，分析句子结构，理清句子主干部分和修饰语，句子的便可轻松提炼出来; 确定是否需要介词。介词考查核心意思，需瞻前顾后，除了兼顾句法句意外，还应关注固定搭配。 1. （2024年新高考II卷） I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ______ Romeo and Juliet.” 2.（2024年全国甲卷）What should be done with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ________all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. 3.（2023年新高考II卷） And who do they speak English ______? 4.（2022年全国乙卷）May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially 　 　 ________the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. 5.（2019年高考英语浙江卷）The answer ______ this question is not clear. 【2023年上海高考】Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and, ______ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications, advice and encouragement. 【2022年上海高考】.... ______an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager of others. （2023年1月·上海春季高考真题） Young Enterprise Young Enterprise is an organization that makes serious efforts to teach all types of young people the general principles of running a business (21) __________( originate ) in the United States of America, the idea of Young Enterprise was introduced into Britain by a successful banker.(22)__________ it developed slowly in its early years, the organization grew rapidly later. Young Enterprise is now backed by industry and commerce, so that today young people throughout the United Kingdom can participate. A participant in Young Enterprise is known as an Achiever. Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. But it is usually possible (24 )__________ ( include ) young people in the same age group who have left school but have not yet started work. An Adviser is a practicing business executive (管理人员) with an expert knowledge of his own field who volunteers to keep a Young Enterprise company during its trading year.(25)__________counts for Advisers is an ability to get on with young people and to put across the subject. As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. Normally, three Advisers-one on accountancy, one on production and one on marketing,(27)__________ ( be ) available to each company. Young Enterprise makes (28)__________ a rule that the Advisers must come from a variety of business occupations. A Sponsor,(29)__________ (reward) only by the success of the enterprise of "its" Achievers, is an organization which participates in Young Enterprise and,(30 )__________ its own expense, provides facilities by making available communications,advice and encouragement. 5 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$