【复习进阶】专题06 谓语动词“核心引擎”【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

复习进阶 专题06 谓语动词“核心引擎” 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 高考考点聚焦 谓语动词 ( 考点一 ) ( 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 ) 1.一般现在时 意义 时间状语/标志词 示例 1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 usually, every day, always… I leave home for school at 7:00 am every day. 我每天早上7点离开家去上学。 2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕太阳转。 3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。 when, once, unless, as soon as, the moment… When the spring comes, the flowers will bloom. 当春天来临时，花儿会绽放。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。 4.表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语。 plane, train, ship The next plane arrives at 3:15 this afternoon. 下一班飞机今天下午3:15到达。 5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态。 here/there Here comes the bus.公交车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。 film, book, The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town.这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。 2.一般过去时 意义 示例 1.表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 2. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 3. 表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，know，think，expect等动词常用一般过去时 Much to my disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected. 使我非常失望的是，这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。 4. 固定句型 ①It is time that sb. should do/did sth. 该到……的时候了 ②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了 ③would/had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。 3. 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的用法 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 注意：在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。 ②表示将要反复发生的动作 ③表示同意或答应做某事 2. 一般将来时的常用结构 ①用于＂I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句＂中 ②用于＂祈使句 + and + 陈述句＂中 将来时态的其它表达法 ①be going to + 动词原形 比较： ＂be going to + 动词原形＂与＂will / shall + 动词原形＂的区别 a. be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。 b. will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。 c. 表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。 d. be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。 ②be + 动词的-ing形式 ＂be + 动词的-ing形式＂表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。 ③ be + 动词不定式 这一结构中的be，只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。 a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作 c. 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示＂禁止＂或＂不许＂。 1．（24-25高二上·吉林·期中）To tackle this crisis, he (choose) to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. 2．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）At this warm greeting, the poor man, who was not used to such kindness, (weep) like a child. 3．（24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中）By the time we (get) home, the man had left with a note on the door, saying “I’ll come tomorrow”. 4．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）His supporters fell away as his popularity (decline). 5．（24-25高一上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. ( 考点 二 ) ( 现在进行时、现在完成进行时 ) 1.现在进行时 用法 标志 示例 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 now, currently, Look, Listen, at the moment His mom is cooking now.他的的妈妈正在煮饭。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听！她正在唱一首英文歌。 2.表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用。 these days , this week They are planting trees on the hill these days.这些天他们在山上种树。 3. leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。 go, come, leave, take, run Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days. 几天后简和贝蒂要去度假。 4. always, forever, continually, constantly等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示赞扬、抱怨、不满等感情色彩。 always, forever, continually, constantly He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪）他总是把自己的东西到处乱放。 They are forever quarreling about something. (不满) 他们总是为某事争吵不休。 2.现在完成进行时 用法 标志 示例 现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 for， since I've been shopping all day and I haven't a penny left.我一整天都在购物，都身无分文了。 I've been waiting for an hour and he still hasn't turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。 1.（22-23高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期中）Since I won the prize, my phone has never stopped ringing. People (phone) to ask how I will spend the money. 2. （20-21高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Those responsible NGOs (take) various measures to deal with the increasingly serious pollution. 3．（24-25高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）An old hand at photography, Tim (shoot) wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years. 4．（24-25高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Henry, along with his parents, (fix) his car when he heard the sound. ( 考点 二 ) ( 现在完成时、过去完成时 ) 1. 现在完成时 使用 例句 意义：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去，概括为：发生在过去，影响在现在。 Have you ever talked to him about it?你跟他谈过这事吗？ It hasn't rained these days.这些天没下过雨。 He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. 她告诉过我他的名字，但是我已经忘了。 标志词： already, ever, never, recently, lately, yet。 so far= up to now=to date到现在为止, every since自从……一来, for days数天, in/over the past two years在过去两年 I've written the email, but I haven't sent it yet.我已经写好了email，但是我还没有寄出。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。 固定句型： It/This is the first/second/third…time+ that…从句中 It/This is the best/worst…+名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时 It's the first time she has driven a car.这是她第一次开车。That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较 区别 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 示例 一 表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 二 含有感情色彩 一般是平铺直叙 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明事实） 三 强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩） 3. 过去完成时 使用 例句 意义：表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”。 标志词： 常见的时间状语有by...，until...，when...，before...等 When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。 表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。 固定句型： ①It was the first/second...time that... 这是第一/第二……次…… ②had hardly...when刚……就……；had no sooner...than一……就……。 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 1．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）I am deeply impressed by the great changes that (take) place in the school over the past three years. 2．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Still as a major means of internal communication today, the Grand Canal (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity and stability of China over the years. 3．（24-25高二上·福建厦门·期中）Since then he   (write) thirteen books about China, many of which are touching and inspiring. 4．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末）It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words. 5．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中）It was the second time that Jim (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness. 6．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）Before Graham came into my class, I (hear) stories about his bad behavior. ( 考点 四 被动语态 ) 1.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。 下表以do一词为例说明被动语态的构成： 时间 时态 被动语态形式 例句 现在 一般现在时 is/am/are done English is spoken in many countries.（英语在许多国家被说。） 现在进行时 is/am/are being done The car is being repaired.（汽车正在被修理。） 现在完成时 have/has been done The work has been finished.（工作已经被完成了。） 过去 一般过去时 was/were done The house was built last year.（房子是去年建的。） 过去进行时 was/were being done The book was being read by her at that time.（那时她正在读这本书。） 过去完成时 had been done The letter had been sent before I arrived.（信在我到达之前就已经被寄出了。） 将来 一般将来时 will/shall be done The meeting will be held next week.（会议将在下周被举行。） 过去将来时 would/should be done He said that the meeting would be held the next week.（他说会议将在下周被举行。） 2、 get构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 1．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）The virus (transmit) to humans by close contact with infected birds, and cannot be passed from human to human. 2．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中）Wildlife populations (threat) by habitat loss and climate change. 3．（24-25高二上·黑龙江大庆·期中）The final results were completely opposite to what (expect). 4．（24-25高一下·重庆江津·期中）Large quantities of food, medicines and other supplies (transport) to the earthquake-stricken area at present. ( 考点 五 主谓一致 ) 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 三大原则 意义以及使用场景 语法一致原则： 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，rather than，including，in addition to等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。 (3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the small town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。 (4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。 意义一致原则：指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing an experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 (3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 (4)a quantity of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 (5)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 就近一致原则：指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also). ..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 1． （23-24高二下·广东茂名·期中）Not only I but also my students (be) attending the meeting. 2．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中）He (arrest) when customs officers found drugs in his bag. 3.（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中）China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World. 4．（23-24高二上·湖南·期末）As media channels (grow) in number and type, so have advertisements. 5．（22-23高二下·四川雅安·期中）Large amounts of money (be) spent on the construction of the school last year. 6．（24-25高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The number of students in our school (be) increasing year by year, which brings more challenges to teaching management. 1．Before humans arrived on the island, the species (live) in isolation and eaten the plants that naturally grew there. 2．He (write) a novel since he graduated from university. 3．In the past one hour, the fire (extend) almost to the top floor, with residents crowding into roof exit. 4．Why are you so late? I (wait) for you for three hours. 5．I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 6．We (have) an Chinese class at 3 tomorrow afternoon. 7．After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever. 8．By the time he arrived from Europe, the disease (break) out in his hometown. 9．Sorry, I can’t meet you at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon, because I (play) soccer then. 10．If nothing (do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 11．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry.But I (do)my homework. 12．Hurry up，kids! The school bus (wait)for us! 13．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair)one of the main pipes. 14．During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programs (increase)sharply. 15．He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he (have)it for a very long time. 16．When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him，but I (change)my mind. 17．—Oh no! We’re too late.The train (leave)． —That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London. 18．—Have you heard about the recent election? —Sure，it (be)the only thing on the news for the last three days. 19．The girl has a great interest in sport and (take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 20．We are confident that the environment (improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 21．“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say，“because every step (show)．” 22．The three of us (travel)around Europe for about a month last summer. 23．“The moment (come)soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously. 24．—When did the computer crash? —This morning，while I (sort)the reading materials downloaded from some websites. 25．—Did you catch what I said? —Sorry.I (answer)a text message just now. 26．—Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry，but by then I (fly)to Beijing.How about five? 27．I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I (fly)to Shanghai. 28．—Alvin，are you coming with us? —I’d love to，but something unexpected (come)up. 29．The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he (meet)some European business partners. 30．—Look! Somebody (clean)the sofa. —Well，it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it. 31．In order to find the missing child，villagers (do)all they can over the past five hours. 32．Tom (work)in the library every night over the last three months. 33．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she (lie)there. 34．—What time is it? —I have no idea.But just a minute，I (check)it for you. 35．Close the door of fear behind you，and you (see)the door of faith open before you. 36．Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now (repay)later in life. 37．By the time you have finished this book，your meal (get)cold. 38．We won’t start the work until all the preparations (make)． 39．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet (make)into at least ten different films over the past years. 40. So far this year more than 100 million people ________ (buy) flowers, plants and related gardening goods online. 真题感知 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. 2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 6.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 7.【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 9.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 10.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 11.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 12.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 13.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 14.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me.... 15.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 16.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 17. 【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 18. 【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 提升专练 1.Some great African civilizations such as the Great Benin Empire, Ancient Egypt, had a highly organized society, which was developed, (stand) out in trade and grew stronger in culture. 2.Between 11 and 15 million Africans (ship) overseas and sold into slavery. Over the years, the wars have become into a more complex and complicated problem. 3.Like many young Africans, Jean Philippe N’ Dri’s interest in Kung Fu began with martial arts movies. During his second year of college, he joined the martial arts club. With the assistance of the club, he, together with other 5 students (give)the opportunity to visit the Shaolin Temple in China’s Henan province. 4.Before the opening of the China-Laos Railway, Laos only (have) a 3.5-km railway transporting cargo to and from Thailand. 5.The trend for Indian film production companies to become partners with western filmmakers (link) to the overall growth of the industry and its patterns as well. 6.Since June 2020,the Laos-China Railway Co has recruited and trained Lao trainees and more than 800 Lao employees, or over 90 percent of the trainees, （assign）specific positions. 7.Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era (时代). The Silk Road ______ (facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 8.In 2006, the traditional festival ______ (list) as part of China’s national intangible cultural heritage. 9.In 2008, it ______ (be) recognized as a public holiday in the Chinese mainland. 10.“When I did rehearsals (排练) with the local musicians, I ________ (attract) by their cooperation in spite of the long flight.” 11. After the system was finished, no more floods (occur). 12.East China’s Shandong province, where the Yellow River flows into the sea, is promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism. So far, Shandong (launch) many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality development of the region. 13.Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing that is popular in Mentougou District of Beijing. The earliest historical references of this art (date) back to the Spring and Autumn Period and describe how it was initially used in ceremonies to drive away bad spirits and pray for good fortune. 14.Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts (reflect) in the drum playing, pace and formation changes, all of which represent distinctive local features. 15.Participating in these activities can (strength) social bonds and foster a sense of community. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 复习进阶 专题06 谓语动词“核心引擎” 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 高考考点聚焦 谓语动词 ( 考点一 ) ( 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时 ) 1.一般现在时 意义 时间状语/标志词 示例 1.表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态。 usually, every day, always… I leave home for school at 7:00 am every day. 我每天早上7点离开家去上学。 2.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 The teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun. 老师告诉我们地球绕太阳转。 3.在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时，即“主将从现”。 when, once, unless, as soon as, the moment… When the spring comes, the flowers will bloom. 当春天来临时，花儿会绽放。 If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨，我们就会待在家里。 4.表示飞机、火车、轮船（“飞火轮”）时刻表且有明确时间状语。 plane, train, ship The next plane arrives at 3:15 this afternoon. 下一班飞机今天下午3:15到达。 5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句，表示正在发生的动作/状态。 here/there Here comes the bus.公交车来了。 There goes the bell.铃响了。 6.用于文章标题、图片说明、电影说明、戏剧内容及场景解说等。 film, book, The film explores the daily lives of ordinary people in a small town.这部电影探索了小镇上普通人的日常生活。 2.一般过去时 意义 示例 1.表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。yesterday, last month, just now, the other day, three days ago, in 1989等 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 前几天，我在泰山顶上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。 2. 在时间、条件等状语从句中，常用一般过去时代替过去将来时。 He said he would tell her about the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。 3. 表达“原以为/本来认为/原希望”等意义时，know，think，expect等动词常用一般过去时 Much to my disappointment，the film is not as moving as I expected. 使我非常失望的是，这部电影不像我原来预料的一样感人。 4. 固定句型 ①It is time that sb. should do/did sth. 该到……的时候了 ②It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了 ③would/had rather sb. did sth. 宁愿某人做某事 It is time that we took action to protect our environment.该到我们采取措施保护环境的时候了。 As far as I know，it is/has been three years since he joined the army.据我所知，他参军三年了。 3. 一般将来时 1. 一般将来时的用法 ①表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态 注意：在口语中，常用will / shall + be doing结构来代替will / shall + 动词原形，以表示生动。 ②表示将要反复发生的动作 ③表示同意或答应做某事 2. 一般将来时的常用结构 ①用于＂I expect, I’m sure, I think, I wonder + 宾语从句＂中 ②用于＂祈使句 + and + 陈述句＂中 将来时态的其它表达法 ①be going to + 动词原形 比较： ＂be going to + 动词原形＂与＂will / shall + 动词原形＂的区别 a. be going to通常表示很快就要发生的事，而will/shall既可表示不久的将来，也可表示长远的将来或不确定的将来。 b. will表示将来，通常是指事先无计划的意图，是临时决定的； be going to则表示事先有计划的意图，是经过考虑的。 c. 表示有迹象显示将要发生某一动作时，要用be going to，不用will或shall。 d. be going to 可用于条件句，表示将来时间，will则不能。 ②be + 动词的-ing形式 ＂be + 动词的-ing形式＂表示根据现在的计划或安排，预期将会发生某事，这种安排不容随意改变。在这一结构中，动词-ing形式通常是表示位置转移的动词，如arrive, come, go, leave, move, start, stay, get 以及eat, meet, see off, die等，并与表示将来的时间状语连用。如果没有时间状语，则所表示的动作有即将发生之意。 ③ be + 动词不定式 这一结构中的be，只有现在式 (am, is, are) 和过去式 (was, were) 两种形式。 a. 表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作 b. 用于条件句中强调按计划或安排将要发生的动作 c. 表示命令或吩咐等。否定形式常表示＂禁止＂或＂不许＂。 1．（24-25高二上·吉林·期中）To tackle this crisis, he (choose) to study agriculture and received an education at Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing. 2．（24-25高二上·广东东莞·期中）At this warm greeting, the poor man, who was not used to such kindness, (weep) like a child. 3．（24-25高二上·江苏淮安·期中）By the time we (get) home, the man had left with a note on the door, saying “I’ll come tomorrow”. 4．（24-25高二上·广东深圳·期中）His supporters fell away as his popularity (decline). 5．（24-25高一上·黑龙江鸡西·期中）Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时 1.句意：为了解决这一危机，他选择了学习农业，并在重庆西南农学院接受了教育。choose作本句谓语，和后文的received并列，所以用一般过去时。故填chose。 2. 句意：听到这个温暖的问候，这个不习惯这种善意的可怜人像个孩子一样哭了起来。结合句意及was可知陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。故填wept。 3. 句意：我们到家时，那人已经走了，门上留了张纸条，上面写着“我明天来”。空处为时间状语从句的谓语，主句为过去完成时，by the time引导的时间状语从句使用一般过去时。故填got。 4. 句意：随着他的声望下降，他的支持者也减少了。as引导的是时间状语从句，表示“随着”，decline意为“下降，减少”，为不及物动词，结合主句中的fell和时态一致原则可知，这里应用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情。故填declined。 5. 句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。enable意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。故填enables · 答案1. chose 2. wept 3. got 4. declined 5. enables. ( 考点 二 ) ( 现在进行时、现在完成进行时 ) 1.现在进行时 用法 标志 示例 1.表示此时此刻正在进行的动作。 now, currently, Look, Listen, at the moment His mom is cooking now.他的的妈妈正在煮饭。 Listen! She is singing an English song. 听！她正在唱一首英文歌。 2.表示现阶段但并非眼下正在进行着的动作，这种动作常与表示一段的时间状语连用。 these days , this week They are planting trees on the hill these days.这些天他们在山上种树。 3. leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。 go, come, leave, take, run Jane and Betty are going on holiday in a few days. 几天后简和贝蒂要去度假。 4. always, forever, continually, constantly等频度副词与现在进行时连用表示赞扬、抱怨、不满等感情色彩。 always, forever, continually, constantly He is constantly leaving his things about.（表责怪）他总是把自己的东西到处乱放。 They are forever quarreling about something. (不满) 他们总是为某事争吵不休。 2.现在完成进行时 用法 标志 示例 现在完成进行时表示一个近期内时断时续、重复发生的动作，常和for，since引导的时间状语连用。 for， since I've been shopping all day and I haven't a penny left.我一整天都在购物，都身无分文了。 I've been waiting for an hour and he still hasn't turned up.我已经等了一个小时了，可他还没来。 1.（22-23高二上·黑龙江双鸭山·期中）Since I won the prize, my phone has never stopped ringing. People (phone) to ask how I will spend the money. 2. （20-21高一下·江苏无锡·期中）Those responsible NGOs (take) various measures to deal with the increasingly serious pollution. 3．（24-25高一下·黑龙江牡丹江·期中）An old hand at photography, Tim (shoot) wildlife as a hobby for the last 13 years. 4．（24-25高一下·江苏扬州·期中）Henry, along with his parents, (fix) his car when he heard the sound. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查现在进行时、现在完成进行时。 1. 句意：自从我获奖后，我的电话就一直响个不停。人们打电话问我如何花钱。由my phone has never stopped ringing可知，人们是一直在给“我”打电话，所以这里应用现在进行时，表示目前一段时间内发生的动作。也可用现在完成进行时，表示打电话的动作从过去开始，持续到现在，并很有可能回继续下去。故填are phoning/have been phoning。 2.句意：那些负责任的非政府组织正在采取各种措施来应对日益严重的污染。分析句子可知，空处应用现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作，句子主语NGOs为复数名词，be动词用are。故填are taking。 3.句意：作为摄影界的老手，Tim在过去的13年里一直将拍摄野生动物作为爱好。shoot“拍摄”。本空作谓语，根据时间状语“for the last 13 years”可知，句子描述从过去开始一直持续到现在，并将继续持续下去的动作，时态应用现在完成进行时，主语Tim是第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has been shooting。 4. 句意：亨利和他的父母正在修理他的汽车时，他听到了那个声音。根据when he heard the sound可知，此处描述过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时；along with连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与前面的主语保持一致，即与Henry保持主谓一致，be动词使用was。故填was fixing。 · 答案1. are phoning/have been phoning 2. are taking 3.has been shooting 4. was fixing ( 考点 二 ) ( 现在完成时、过去完成时 ) 1. 现在完成时 使用 例句 意义：表示从过去某时开始的动作一直持续到现在并有可能继续下去，概括为：发生在过去，影响在现在。 Have you ever talked to him about it?你跟他谈过这事吗？ It hasn't rained these days.这些天没下过雨。 He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. 她告诉过我他的名字，但是我已经忘了。 标志词： already, ever, never, recently, lately, yet。 so far= up to now=to date到现在为止, every since自从……一来, for days数天, in/over the past two years在过去两年 I've written the email, but I haven't sent it yet.我已经写好了email，但是我还没有寄出。 So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。 We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。 固定句型： It/This is the first/second/third…time+ that…从句中 It/This is the best/worst…+名词+定语从句中，从句常用现在完成时 It's the first time she has driven a car.这是她第一次开车。That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。 2. 现在完成进行时和现在完成时的用法比较 区别 现在完成进行时 现在完成时 示例 一 表示动作的重复 一般不表示重复性 Have you been meeting him recently? 你最近常和他见面吗？ Have you met him recently? 你最近见到过他吗？ 二 含有感情色彩 一般是平铺直叙 I have been waiting for you for two hours. 我一直等了你两个小时。（表示不满） I have waited for you for two hours. 我等了你两个小时。（说明事实） 三 强调事情的过程 强调事情结果 Who has been eating the oranges? 谁一直在吃这些桔子呀？（还剩余一些） Who has eaten the oranges? 谁把桔子吃光了？（强调吃得一个不剩） 3. 过去完成时 使用 例句 意义：表示到过去某一时间之前动作已经完成即“过去的过去”。 标志词： 常见的时间状语有by...，until...，when...，before...等 When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child. 他在北京的时候游览了他儿时曾玩过的地方。 By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had already graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 表示意向的动词，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose 等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。 We had expected that you would be able to win the match. 我们原来预料你们能够赢比赛。 表示一个过去的动作先于另一过去的动作发生，这种情况多见于宾语从句。 He remembered that he had left the key at home. 他记得他把钥匙落家了。 固定句型： ①It was the first/second...time that... 这是第一/第二……次…… ②had hardly...when刚……就……；had no sooner...than一……就……。 It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是那个男孩第三次迟到了。 I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。 1．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）I am deeply impressed by the great changes that (take) place in the school over the past three years. 2．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Still as a major means of internal communication today, the Grand Canal (play) an important role in ensuring the prosperity and stability of China over the years. 3．（24-25高二上·福建厦门·期中）Since then he   (write) thirteen books about China, many of which are touching and inspiring. 4．（23-24高二上·山东济宁·期末）It was the second time that I (read) the novel, and each time, I discovered new layers of meaning in the author’s words. 5．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中）It was the second time that Jim (annoy) his mother because of his rudeness. 6．（24-25高二上·北京·期中）Before Graham came into my class, I (hear) stories about his bad behavior. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查现在完成时、过去完成时。 1.句意：过去三年学校发生的巨大变化给我留下了深刻的印象。空前that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词changes，在从句中作主语，空处作谓语，由时间状语over the past three years可知，从句应用现在完成时，that指代先行词changes，谓语动词单复数与先行词保持一致，用复数形式，助动词用have。故填have taken。 2.。句意：时至今日，大运河仍是国内交通的主要通道，多年来为确保中国的繁荣稳定发挥了重要作用。空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语“over the years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，主语the Grand Canal是单数，助动词应用has。故填has played。 3.句意：从那以后，他写了13本关于中国的书，其中许多都是感人和鼓舞人心的。此处为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语since then可知，此处使用现在完成时，write与主语he之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为has written。故填has written。 4. 句意：这是我第二次读这本小说，每读一次，我都能在作者的文字中发现新的含义。此处为句型It was the second time that+过去完成时。故填had read。 5.句意：这是吉姆第二次因为粗鲁而惹他母亲生气。It was the + 序数词 + time + that 从句，从句要用过去完成时，结构为“had + 过去分词”。故填had annoyed。 6. 句意：在格雷厄姆来我们班之前，我就听说过他的坏行为。根据上文Before Graham came into my class可知，此处主句表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had heard。 · 答案1. have taken 2. has played 3.has written 4. 5. had annoyed6. had heard ( 考点 四 被动语态 ) 1.被动语态的构成 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、时态和数上的变化。 下表以do一词为例说明被动语态的构成： 时间 时态 被动语态形式 例句 现在 一般现在时 is/am/are done English is spoken in many countries.（英语在许多国家被说。） 现在进行时 is/am/are being done The car is being repaired.（汽车正在被修理。） 现在完成时 have/has been done The work has been finished.（工作已经被完成了。） 过去 一般过去时 was/were done The house was built last year.（房子是去年建的。） 过去进行时 was/were being done The book was being read by her at that time.（那时她正在读这本书。） 过去完成时 had been done The letter had been sent before I arrived.（信在我到达之前就已经被寄出了。） 将来 一般将来时 will/shall be done The meeting will be held next week.（会议将在下周被举行。） 过去将来时 would/should be done He said that the meeting would be held the next week.（他说会议将在下周被举行。） 2、 get构成的表示被动的短语get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 3、主动形式表示被动意义 （1）．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 （2）．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （3）．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 （4）．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 1．（24-25高二上·浙江杭州·期中）The virus (transmit) to humans by close contact with infected birds, and cannot be passed from human to human. 2．（24-25高二上·江苏无锡·期中）Wildlife populations (threat) by habitat loss and climate change. 3．（24-25高二上·黑龙江大庆·期中）The final results were completely opposite to what (expect). 4．（24-25高一下·重庆江津·期中）Large quantities of food, medicines and other supplies (transport) to the earthquake-stricken area at present. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查谓语动词被动语态。 1.句意：该病毒通过与受感染的禽类密切接触传染给人类，不能在人与人之间传播。空处作句子的谓语，此处在描述客观的科学事实，时态应用一般现在时，transmit“传染”和主语The virus之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用is。故填is transmitted。 2.句意：野生动物种群受到栖息地丧失和气候变化的威胁。此处是谓语动词，根据句意和空前系动词are和时态一致原则可知，主语和动词threaten(威胁)是被动语态，所以此处是一般现在时的被动语态：am/is/are+过去分词，故填are threatened。 3.句意：最终的结果与所期待的完全相反。此处作宾语从句中的谓语动词，从句中what为主语，与expect之间为被动关系，且expect发生在主句were之前，故应用过去完成时，故填had been expected。 4. 句意：目前，大量的食品、药品和其他物资正在运往地震灾区。主语Large quantities of food, medicines and other supplies和动词transport之间是被动关系，结合at present可知表示正在进行的事情，使用现在进行时的被动语态，Large quantities of后接名词时，谓语使用复数形式，故填are being transported。 · 答案1. is transmitted 2. are threatened 3. had been expected 4. are being transported ( 考点 五 主谓一致 ) 主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 三大原则 意义以及使用场景 语法一致原则： 主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。 Having to change trains is a small inconvenience. 不得不换乘火车多少有些不便。 (2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，except，rather than，including，in addition to等时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to the party. 汤姆以及他的两个朋友一起被邀请参加聚会了。 (3)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 My friend showed me around the small town，which was very attractive. 我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。 (4)“many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。 意义一致原则：指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。 (1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；若被看作是集体中的每个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。 The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。 The class are doing an experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。 (2)“分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，the rest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。 About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。 (3)“the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The sick have been cured and the lost have been found. 病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。 (4)a quantity of后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数，后接可数名词时，谓语动词用复数。quantities of后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 With more forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.由于越来越多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。 (5)“a number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of the students from the north is small. 来自北方的学生人数很少。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。 就近一致原则：指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。 (1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also). ..，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你或者你的一名学生将出席明天的会议。 (2)由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。 1． （23-24高二下·广东茂名·期中）Not only I but also my students (be) attending the meeting. 2．（23-24高二下·广东东莞·期中）He (arrest) when customs officers found drugs in his bag. 3.（23-24高二上·广东湛江·期中）China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World. 4．（23-24高二上·湖南·期末）As media channels (grow) in number and type, so have advertisements. 5．（22-23高二下·四川雅安·期中）Large amounts of money (be) spent on the construction of the school last year. 6．（24-25高一下·江苏扬州·期中）The number of students in our school (be) increasing year by year, which brings more challenges to teaching management. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查主谓一致。 1.句意：不光是我，还有我的学生也要参加会议。这里考查了not only...but also...引导的主谓一致原则，按照语法要求，谓语需要遵循就近一致原则，和but also后面的主语相一致，故使用复数形式。再根据横线后的attending判断，句子使用了现在进行时，故答案填are。 2.句意：海关人员在他的包里发现毒品后将他逮捕。他是被逮捕，由when customs officers found可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语He是单数，因此空格处是was arrested。故填was arrested。 3.句意：中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。分析句子成分可知，这是一个由that引导的限制性定语从句，country是先行词，that在定语从句中充当主语成分，空格处需填谓语动词；结合定语从句的主谓一致原则，即谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致，再结合主句时态为一般现在时，所以此空应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填belongs。 4. 句意：随着媒体渠道在数量和类型上的增长，广告也在增长。结合句子结构可知，空处动词在句子中作谓语；由后半句中的助动词have可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完成时态：has/have done，空前主语是复数，所以此处助动词需用have。故填have grown。 5. 句意：去年在学校的建设上花了大量的钱。Large amounts of修饰不可数名词时，谓语动词根据amounts来确定，amounts是复数，因此空格处用复数，由last year可知，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式were，故填were。 6. 句意：我校学生人数逐年增加，这给教学管理带来了更多的挑战。“the number of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，表示“……的数量”。本句描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。 · 答案1.are 2. was arrested 3. belongs 4. have grown 5.were 6. is 1．Before humans arrived on the island, the species (live) in isolation and eaten the plants that naturally grew there. 【解析】考查时态。句意：在人类抵达该岛之前，该物种一直生活在与世隔绝的环境中，并以自然生长在那里的植物为食。动词live意为“生活”。根据句意和“Before humans arrived”可知，主句用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，故此处使用had lived构成过去完成时。故填had lived。 2．He (write) a novel since he graduated from university. 【答案】has been writing/has written 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他大学毕业后一直在写小说。/他大学毕业后写了一部小说。分析句子可知，空处作主句的谓语，时间状语从句为since he graduated from university，主句的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，可以用现在完成进行时表示动作的延续性，也可以用现在完成时表示动作已完成，主语He为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has been writing/has written。 3．In the past one hour, the fire (extend) almost to the top floor, with residents crowding into roof exit. 【答案】has been extending 【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的一个小时里，火势几乎蔓延到了顶楼，居民们纷纷涌入屋顶的出口。此处是谓语，由In the past one hour和句意可知，此处表示从过去到现在一直在蔓延，强调动作的持续性，应用现在完成进行时，主语是the fire，助动词应用has，故填has been extending。 4．Why are you so late? I (wait) for you for three hours. 【答案】have been waiting 【解析】考查时态。句意：你为什么这么晚？我已经等你三个小时了。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据for three hours可知，本句话用现在完成进行时态，强调动作的持续性，主语为I，助动词用have。故填have been waiting。 5．I (read) the novel borrowed from the library at this time tomorrow. 【答案】will be reading 【解析】考查时态。句意：明天这个时候我将正在读从图书馆借的那本小说。设空处在句中作谓语动词，根据时间状语“at this time tomorrow”可知，此句阐述的是“明天这个时候正在读小说”，表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作或处于的状态用将来进行时，谓语动词为will be doing，因此，设空处填will be reading。故填will be reading。 6．We (have) an Chinese class at 3 tomorrow afternoon. 【答案】will be having 【解析】考查时态。句意：我们明天下午3点将正在上语文课。根据句中的时间状语at 3 tomorrow afternoon可知，这里指在将来某一时间正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时。故填will be having。 7．After visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bowl of noodles to be the best thing she (eat) in China ever. 【答案】had eaten 【解析】考查时态。句意：在逛了许多高级餐馆之后，她说这碗面条是她在中国吃过的最好吃的东西。“吃”这个动作发生在declared之前，表示“过去的过去”，因此空格处时态是过去完成时，故填had eaten。 8．By the time he arrived from Europe, the disease (break) out in his hometown. 【答案】had broken 【解析】考查时态。句意：当他从欧洲回来时，他的家乡已经爆发了这种疾病。by the time+过去时间，主句过去完成。根据句意，故填had broken。 9．Sorry, I can’t meet you at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon, because I (play) soccer then. 【答案】will be playing 【解析】考查时态。句意：对不起，明天下午五点我不能和你见面，因为那时我在踢足球。分许句子结构可知，空处为原因状语从句的谓语动词。根据“at five o’clock tomorrow afternoon”可知，从句中的时态为将来进行时，表示将来的某一时间点或时间段正在做某事。故填will be playing。 10．If nothing (do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 【答案】is done 【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：如果什么都不做，海洋将会变成鱼的沙漠。分析句子可知，do与nothing为被动，故应用被动语态；if引导条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时，所以从句也应用将来的时态，但是if引导的条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。故本题应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is done。 11．—I don’t understand why you didn’t go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. —I’m so sorry.But I (do)my homework. 【答案】was doing 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：---我不解的是你昨天下午为什么不去听讲座。---对不起。但是(当时)我正在做家庭作业。分析句子可知，答话者没有去的原因是当时正在做家庭作业，因此此处要用过去进行时。故填was doing。 12．Hurry up，kids! The school bus (wait)for us! 【答案】is waiting 【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：孩子们，快点！校车在等我们！分析句子可知，空处表示正在进行的动作，所以用现在进行时。故填 is waiting。 13．The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers (repair)one of the main pipes. 【答案】are repairing 【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：水供应已经被暂时切断了，因为工人们正在修其中一条主管道。根据主句时态可知，从句应用现在的某种时态，再根据语境可知此处要用现在进行时，表示正在修。故填are repairing。 14．During the last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programs (increase)sharply. 【答案】has increased 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的三十年中，参加健身锻炼的人的数量已经急剧增加了。分析句子可知，increase的动作虽然发生在过去，但一直持续到现在，同时由题干中的“During the last three decades”也可知，该空应该用现在完成时。故填 has increased。 15．He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he (have)it for a very long time. 【答案】had had 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：卖吉他时他很不高兴。毕竟那把吉他陪了他很长时间。由时间状语“when he sold his guitar”可知，拥有吉他这一状态发生在卖吉他这一动作之前，“卖吉他”这一动作发生在过去，故此处应用过去完成时来表示拥有吉他这一状态存在于过去的某一动作之前。故填had had。 16．When I first met Bryan I didn’t like him，but I (change)my mind. 【答案】have changed 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：当我第一次见到Bryan时，我不喜欢他。但是，我已经改变主意了。分析句子可知，说话人已经改变主意了，因此应用现在完成时。故填have changed。 17．—Oh no! We’re too late.The train (leave)． —That’s OK.We’ll catch the next train to London. 【答案】has left 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：---噢，不！我们太晚了，火车已经开走了。---没什么，我们坐下一趟火车去伦敦。分析句子可知，此处强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，因此应用现在完成时。故填has left。 18．—Have you heard about the recent election? —Sure，it (be)the only thing on the news for the last three days. 【答案】has been 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：----你听说最近的选举了吗？---当然了，这可是最近三天唯一的新闻事件。由时间状语“for the last three days”可知，此处用现在完成时。故填has been 。 19．The girl has a great interest in sport and (take)badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 【答案】has been taking 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：这个女孩儿酷爱运动，在过去的三年里她每周上两次羽毛球课。over the last three years表示“在过去的三年里”，常与现在完成进行时连用。故填has been taking。 20．We are confident that the environment (improve)by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 【答案】will be improved 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：我们相信环境会在我们进一步减少污染的努力下得到改善。由题干中的“We are confident that”可知此处应该选择表示将来时态的动词形式，又improve 与the environment之间是被动，故用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be improved 。 21．“Life is like walking in the snow，” Granny used to say，“because every step (show)．” 【答案】shows 【解析】考查一般现在时。句意：“人生就像在雪中走路，”奶奶过去经常说，“因为每一步都留有足迹。”本句叙述的是客观事实，所以用一般现在时。此处show用作不及物动词，意为“露出，显出”。故填shows。 22．The three of us (travel)around Europe for about a month last summer. 【答案】 【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：去年夏天，我们三人在欧洲旅行了一个月左右。由句中的“last summer”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填 travel(l)ed。 23．“The moment (come)soon，”he thought to himself，waiting nervously. 【答案】is coming 【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：他紧张地等待着，心里想，“这一时刻很快就要来临了。”根据空处后面的soon可知，此处表示将来，所给提示词为come且引号中的内容是他当时想法的直接表达，故应用现在进行时表示将来。故填 is coming。 24．—When did the computer crash? —This morning，while I (sort)the reading materials downloaded from some websites. 【答案】was sorting 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：---电脑什么时候死机的？---今天上午，当我正在把从一些网站上下载下来的阅读材料进行分类的时候。分析句子可知，死机发生在我正在做某事时，也就是说发生在过去的某个时间点，故应用过去进行时态。故填was sorting。 25．—Did you catch what I said? —Sorry.I (answer)a text message just now. 【答案】was answering 【解析】考查过去进行时。句意：---你听懂我的话了吗？---很抱歉，刚才我在回短信。”分析句子可知，此处用过去进行时表示过去某时正在进行的动作。故填 was answering。 26．—Can I call you back at two o'clock this afternoon? —I’m sorry，but by then I (fly)to Beijing.How about five? 【答案】will be flying 【解析】考查将来进行时。句意：---今天下午两点我能给你回电话吗？---不好意思，那时我正飞往北京。五点怎么样？”由“by then”可知，此处用将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。故填 will be flying。 27．I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning I (fly)to Shanghai. 【答案】will be flying 【解析】考查将来进行时。句意：我感到非常兴奋！明天早上这个时候我将正在飞往上海的途中。分析句子可知，强调将来某个时候正在进行的动作，因此用将来进行时。故填will be flying。 28．—Alvin，are you coming with us? —I’d love to，but something unexpected (come)up. 【答案】has come 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：---Alvin，你会跟我们来吗？---我想去，但出了点没料到的事情。分析句子可知，此处表示已发生的情况对现在的影响（我去不了了），所以用现在完成时。故填 has come。 29．The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he (meet)some European business partners. 【答案】had met 【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：据说经理已从巴黎回来了，在那儿他与欧洲的一些生意伙伴见面了。由句中的“is said to have arrived”可知，arrive这个动作是在过去发生的，而见面的动作则是在arrive所表示的动作之前发生的，即发生在过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。故填had met。 30．—Look! Somebody (clean)the sofa. —Well，it wasn’t me.I didn’t do it. 【答案】has cleaned 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：---瞧，有人擦过沙发了。---哦，不是我，我没有擦。分析句子可知，空处表示有人已经做过某事了，故用现在完成时。故填has cleaned。 31．In order to find the missing child，villagers (do)all they can over the past five hours. 【答案】have been doing 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：为了找到那个丢失的孩子，在过去的五个小时里，村民们做了他们所能做的一切事情。由句中的时间状语“over the past five hours”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时。故填have been doing。 32．Tom (work)in the library every night over the last three months. 【答案】has been working 【解析】考查现在完成进行时。句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每晚都在图书馆工作。由句中的时间状语“over the last three months”可知，应用现在完成进行时。故填has been working 。 33．When Alice came to，she did not know how long she (lie)there. 【答案】had been lying 【解析】考查过去完成进行时。句意：当Alice醒来时，她不知道自己在那里躺了多久。分析句子可知，Alice在苏醒之前一直在那里躺着。因此空处应用过去完成进行时。故填had been lying。 34．—What time is it? —I have no idea.But just a minute，I (check)it for you. 34．【答案】will check 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：---几点了？我不知道。---等一下，我帮你看一下。“由“just a minute”可知，下文表示临时的决定，应用一般将来时。故填will check。 35．Close the door of fear behind you，and you (see)the door of faith open before you. 【答案】will see 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：关上你身后的恐惧之门，你就会看到信仰之门在你面前敞开。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型，陈述句通常用一般将来时。故填will see。 36．Don’t worry.The hard work that you do now (repay)later in life. 【答案】will be repaid 【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：别担心。你现在所做的努力将会在以后的生活中得到回报。根据空后面的later一词可知，此处应用一般将来时态，又因repay与work为被动，应用被动语态。故填will be repaid。 37．By the time you have finished this book，your meal (get)cold. 【答案】will get 【解析】考查一般将来时。句意：到你读完这本书的时候，你的饭就凉了。由“By the time you have finished this book”可知，这里叙述的是将来的情况，所以用一般将来时。故填will get。 38．We won’t start the work until all the preparations (make)． 【答案】have been made 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：在所有准备工作就绪以后我们才开始工作。在时间、条件状语从句中，可以用一般现在时、现在完成时表将来。从句中的动作make在主句谓语动词的动作start之前发生，应用现在完成时表将来。又因all the preparations与make为被动，故用被动语态。故填have been made 。 39．Shakespeare’s play Hamlet (make)into at least ten different films over the past years. 【答案】has been made 【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：莎士比亚的戏剧《哈姆雷特》在过去的几年中被拍成了至少十部不同的电影。由时间状语“over the past years”可知，谓语动词用现在完成时；而且make与Shakespeare  s play Hamlet为被动，所以谓语动词用被动语态。故填has been made。 40. So far this year more than 100 million people ________ (buy) flowers, plants and related gardening goods online. 【答案】have bought 【解析】 have bought考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今年到目前为止，已有超过1亿人在网上购买了花卉、植物和相关园艺商品。由时间状语So far this year可知，符合现在完成时，且主语more than 100 million people表复数，谓语结构应用have+过去分词。故填have bought。 真题感知 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time. 60.【答案】walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 61.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 2.【2024全国甲卷】 They ____44____（be）part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】 “Some of the things that Tang was writing about ___38___ (be)also Shakespeare’s concerns. 38.【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___40___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 40.【答案】inspired 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 41.【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 5.【2024北京卷】On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood ___15___ (name) the world’s oldest living man. 【15题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 6.【2024北京卷】 My heart went out to him, and I ___20___ (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【20题详解】 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 7，【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if they could sometimes ____41____ (offer) in smaller packs. Even the biggest sausage fan doesn’t want to eat them every day. 【41题详解】 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they代指前文中的sausages。在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 8. 【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ____42____ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs ____43____ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【42题详解】 考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 【43题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。 9.【2023年全国乙卷】 ____46____ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I ____47____ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ...The ____49____ (remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, _____50_____ (mean) there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years. 【46题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 【47题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。 【49题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。 【50题详解】 考查时态。句意：这座城市的显著发展，在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世界，意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。这里为本句谓语动词，根据上下文可知，本句时态为一般现在时；主语为“development”，单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。 10.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。 4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。 11.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【45题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 12.【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】 As a little girl, I ___45___ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. 【45题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 13.【2023年全国甲卷】 Carson proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【50题详解】 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 14.【2023年全国甲卷】I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday’ s biology class make a big change in me.... 1.考查谓语动词。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。 2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，故用一般过去时。故make改为made。 15.【2023年全国甲卷】 In the evening, when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me. 9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”短语为take a walk。故the改为a。 10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。 16.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizens of higher social classes 59 (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. 【答案】were permitted 【解析】考查动词的被动语态。句意：高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，和主语Citizens of higher social classes构成被动关系，因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。 17. 【2023年浙江1月卷】The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often 60 (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). 【答案】featured 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合上下文时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。 18.【2023年北京卷】For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China ____16____(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves. 【答案】has established 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。 提升专练 1.Some great African civilizations such as the Great Benin Empire, Ancient Egypt, had a highly organized society, which was developed, (stand) out in trade and grew stronger in culture. 【答案】stood 【解析】考查时态。句意：一些伟大的非洲文明，如大贝宁帝国、古埃及，拥有高度组织化的社会，这些社会得到了发展，在贸易上非常突出，并且在文化上越来越强盛。根据空前was和后文and grew可知，空处为并列谓语之一，句子描述过去发生的动作，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式stood。故填stood。 2.Between 11 and 15 million Africans (ship) overseas and sold into slavery. Over the years, the wars have become into a more complex and complicated problem. 【答案】were shipped 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：1100万至1500万非洲人被运往海外，并被卖为奴隶。空处是句子的谓语动词，主语Africans与动词ship“运送；船运”之间为被动关系，且此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词需用were。故填were shipped。 3.Like many young Africans, Jean Philippe N’ Dri’s interest in Kung Fu began with martial arts movies. During his second year of college, he joined the martial arts club. With the assistance of the club, he, together with other 5 students (give)the opportunity to visit the Shaolin Temple in China’s Henan province. 【答案】was given 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：在俱乐部的帮助下，他和其他5名学生获得了前往中国河南省少林寺参观的机会。分析句子成分可知，空处考查本句谓语动词；根据上文时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“he”，单数，和动词“give”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was given。 4.Before the opening of the China-Laos Railway, Laos only (have) a 3.5-km railway transporting cargo to and from Thailand. 【答案】had 【解析】考查时态。句意：在中老铁路开通之前，老挝只有一条3.5公里的铁路，用于往返泰国的货物运输。have(有)是谓语动词，结合时间状语“Before the opening of the China-Laos Railway”可知，讲述过去的事情应用一般过去时。故填had。 5.The trend for Indian film production companies to become partners with western filmmakers (link) to the overall growth of the industry and its patterns as well. 【答案】is linked 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：印度电影制作公司与西方电影制作人成为合作伙伴的趋势，也与该行业的整体增长及其模式有关。空格处需要填入谓语动词，此处描述的是一种趋势或者状态，所以应该使用一般现在时；主语The trend是单数，且与link之间为被动关系，所以需要使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is linked。 6.Since June 2020,the Laos-China Railway Co has recruited and trained Lao trainees and more than 800 Lao employees, or over 90 percent of the trainees, （assign）specific positions. 【答案】have been assigned 【解析】考查动词的时态和被动语态。句意：自2020年6月以来，老中铁路公司已招聘培训老挝研修生，800多名老挝员工被分配到特定岗位，占学员总数的90%以上。空格处作谓语，根据前一分句可推知主语over 90 percent of the trainees与assign之间为被动关系, 且根据时间状语 since 可知应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填 have been assigned。 7.Historically, Chinese silk made its way to Rome even before the beginning of the Common Era (时代). The Silk Road ______ (facilitate) the exchange of Chinese culture with the West, while Western culture found its way to the East. 【答案】facilitated 【解析】facilitated考查时态。句意：丝绸之路促进了中国文化与西方文化的交流，同时西方文化也找到了通往东方的道路。句子描述的是历史事件，因此用一般过去时。故填facilitated。 8.In 2006, the traditional festival ______ (list) as part of China’s national intangible cultural heritage. 【答案】was listed 【解析】 was listed考查动词时态和语态。句意：2006年，这个传统节日被列为中国国家非物质文化遗产。设空处使用动词作谓语，in 2006为一般过去时，此处festival与list之间是被动关系，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was listed。 9.In 2008, it ______ (be) recognized as a public holiday in the Chinese mainland. 【答案】was 【解析】 was考查动词时态。句意：2008年，它被认定为中国大陆的公共假日。in 2008为一般过去时时间标志，it表示单数意义。故填was。 10.“When I did rehearsals (排练) with the local musicians, I ________ (attract) by their cooperation in spite of the long flight.” 【答案】was attracted 【解析】was attracted考查动词语态。句意：“当我和当地音乐家一起排练时，尽管长途飞行，我还是被他们的合作所吸引。”空处为句子谓语，且由did rehearsals可知，句子时态用一般过去时，主语I与attract“吸引”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为I，be动词用was。故填was attracted。 11. After the system was finished, no more floods (occur). 【答案】occurred 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：系统完成后，不再发生洪水。此处为谓语动词的填入，根据上下文时态可知，此处应为一般过去时。故填occurred。 12.East China’s Shandong province, where the Yellow River flows into the sea, is promoting the deep integration of culture and tourism. So far, Shandong (launch) many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture and value of the Yellow River to boost the high-quality development of the region. 【答案】has launched 【解析】考查时态。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandong，助动词用has。故填has launched。 13.Jingxi Taiping Drum is a traditional form of dancing that is popular in Mentougou District of Beijing. The earliest historical references of this art (date) back to the Spring and Autumn Period and describe how it was initially used in ceremonies to drive away bad spirits and pray for good fortune. 【答案】date 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：这门艺术最早的历史参考可以追溯到春秋时期，并描述了它最初是如何被用于驱邪和祈求好运的仪式的。表示“追溯到……”常用一般现在时态，主语中心词是historical references，复数，故谓语动词用动词原形。故填date。 14.Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts (reflect) in the drum playing, pace and formation changes, all of which represent distinctive local features. 【答案】are reflected 【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：中国传统美学观念体现在鼓的演奏、节奏和形态的变化上，这些都代表了鲜明的地方特色。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文时态可知，此处应用一般现在时态。主语Traditional Chinese aesthetic (美学的) concepts与reflect是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填are reflected。 15.Participating in these activities can (strength) social bonds and foster a sense of community. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】考查动词。句意：参加这些活动可以加强社会联系，培养社区意识。情态动词can后接动词原形，应用所给词的动词形式strengthen“加强”。故填strengthen。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$