14.Unit 3 Same or Different (主题阅读)-2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024)

2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 3 Same or Different?主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、主题内涵(深入理解人与人之间的异同) 在纷繁复杂的人际交往大舞台上，每个人都宛如一颗独一无二的星辰，散发着独特的光芒。作为独特的个体，人与人之间既有着诸多相似之处，如同夜空中相互辉映的星座，彼此之间存在着微妙的联系；同时，又不可避免地存在着各式各样的差异，仿佛不同星座有着各自独特的特征与运行轨迹。 深入理解这些异同所蕴含的意义十分深远，它不仅是打开建立深厚友谊大门的一把关键钥匙，更是我们培养包容心态、提升跨文化交际能力的重要基石。就拿日常生活中的例子来说，朋友们或许在兴趣爱好方面有着高度的契合，比如都热衷于阅读科幻小说，或者痴迷于户外运动，这种相似性让他们在交流与互动中能够产生强烈的共鸣。然而，在性格方面，他们可能截然不同，有的朋友性格开朗外向，如同灿烂的阳光，总是能迅速活跃气氛；而有的朋友则性格内敛沉稳，恰似静谧的湖水，在遇到问题时往往有着独特的思考方式。再看不同文化背景的人群，他们在节日习俗上的差异尤为明显，像西方的圣诞节，充满了浓厚的宗教氛围与欢乐的节日装饰；而东方的春节，则有着贴春联、放鞭炮等承载着丰富传统寓意的习俗。在价值观层面，也存在着诸多不同，比如一些西方文化强调个人主义，注重个体的独立发展；而许多东方文化更倾向于集体主义，强调集体的和谐与团结。但奇妙的是，正是这些差异，为不同文化背景的人提供了相互交流、相互学习的契机，让彼此能够拓宽视野，领略到别样的世界。 通过认真阅读相关文本，我们能够掌握用英语精准描述这些异同的技巧，进而深入分析它们对人际关系所产生的各种影响。无论是积极的促进作用，还是可能带来的挑战，都将在我们的剖析下清晰呈现，使我们在人际交往中更加游刃有余。 二、主题相关词汇 （一）核心词汇分类 1. 共同点描述 (1)兴趣与爱好 shared goals（共同的目标） similar tastes（相似的品味） common passions（共同的热爱） mutual enthusiasm for...（对…… 的共同热情） alike in hobbies（爱好相近） (2)价值观与性格 shared principles（共同的原则） similar ethics（相似的道德准则） compassionate nature（富有同情心的性格） reliable and honest（可靠且诚实） aligned life attitudes（一致的生活态度） (3)能力与行为 collaborate well together（合作默契） share the same approach（方法一致） both capable of...（都有能力做……） enjoy supporting each other（喜欢互相支持） share a love for learning（共同热爱学习） 2. 差异点描述 (1)性格与行为 opposite temperaments（相反的脾气） varying opinions（不同的意见） different communication styles（不同的沟通风格） contrasting work habits（对比鲜明的工作习惯） diverse problemsolving methods（多样的解决问题方式） (2)外貌与能力 physically distinct（外貌不同） excel in different areas（各有所长） different skill sets（不同的技能） varying levels of experience（经验水平不同） distinct strengths and weaknesses（独特的优缺点） (3)文化与习惯 distinct cultural backgrounds（不同的文化背景） varying social norms（不同的社会规范） different etiquette（不同的礼仪） contrasting daily routines（对比鲜明的日常生活） diverse culinary preferences（多样的饮食偏好） 3. 友谊与交际 (1)品质 empathy（同理心） loyalty（忠诚） openmindedness（开放心态） patience（耐心） acceptance（接纳） (2)行为 bridge differences（跨越差异） find common ground（寻找共同点） embrace uniqueness（拥抱独特性） communicate openly（坦诚交流） support each other’s growth（支持彼此成长） 三、相关句式 （一）比较与对比的核心结构 1. 共同点表达（新增句式） （1）直接陈述（多样化表达） We share a passion for...（我们都热爱……） 例：We share a passion for stargazing and discussing science fiction.（我们都热爱观星和讨论科幻作品。） One of our shared interests is...（我们的共同兴趣之一是……） 例：One of our shared interests is volunteering at the community library.（我们的共同兴趣之一是在社区图书馆做义工。） We have a lot in common when it comes to...（在…… 方面，我们有很多共同点） 例：We have a lot in common when it comes to our values about family and honesty.（在家庭和诚信的价值观上，我们有很多共同点。） Both of us take pleasure in...（我们都乐于……） 例：Both of us take pleasure in solving challenging math problems together.（我们都乐于一起解决有挑战性的数学题。） （2）比喻增强 Just as threads in a tapestry create beauty through their connection, our shared goals and hobbies weave our friendship together.（正如挂毯中的线通过交织创造美丽，我们的共同目标和爱好编织了我们的友谊。） Like notes in a melody, our similar interests harmonize and make our time together enjoyable.（如同旋律中的音符，我们的共同兴趣和谐共鸣，让相处时光充满愉悦。） Our friendship is like a garden—the common values are the soil that helps it grow.（我们的友谊如同一座花园，共同的价值观是助其生长的土壤。） 2. 差异点表达 （1）对比句式（多样化连接词） Whereas I prefer planning every detail, she likes to go with the flow.（我喜欢规划每个细节，而她喜欢顺其自然。） He is more adventurous, in contrast, I prefer staying in and reading.（他更爱冒险，相比之下，我更喜欢待在家里读书。） We differ greatly in hobbies; while I play the piano, he plays basketball.（我们的爱好差异很大；我弹钢琴，而他打篮球。） Unlike my quiet nature, her outgoing personality lights up any room.（与我安静的性格不同，她外向的个性总能点亮整个房间。） （2）分析影响（强调差异的积极意义） Her attention to detail has taught me to be more careful in my work.（她对细节的关注教会我在工作中更加细心。） His different approach to solving problems often gives me new perspectives.（他解决问题的不同方法常常让我获得新的视角。） Our contrasting styles in teamwork help us balance each other’s weaknesses.（我们在团队合作中截然不同的风格帮助我们平衡彼此的弱点。） I’ve learned to embrace uncertainty because of her spontaneous nature.（因为她的随性，我学会了拥抱不确定性。） 3. 总结升华 （1）强调包容与成长 Rather than fearing differences, we should see them as opportunities to learn and grow together.（与其害怕差异，不如将它们视为共同学习和成长的机会。） The beauty of human connection lies in how we celebrate both our similarities and our unique qualities.（人际交往的美好在于我们如何庆祝彼此的相似之处和独特品质。） When we accept each other’s differences, our friendship becomes stronger and more meaningful.（当我们接纳彼此的差异时，友谊会变得更坚固、更有意义。） （2）普适性总结 Similarities bring us together, but differences teach us to appreciate each other deeply.（相似让我们相聚，差异让我们学会深刻欣赏彼此。） A true friend is someone who complements you, not completes you.（真正的朋友是与你互补的人，而不是完全相同的人。） Variety is the spice of life, and it’s no different in friendships.（多样性是生活的调味剂，友谊中也是如此。） 四、阅读策略 1. 识别标志词：在进行文本对比阅读时，标志词是帮助我们快速捕捉关键信息的重要线索。 表示共同点的标志词：像 “both”“similarly”“in common”“like” 等词汇，能清晰地表明文本中所描述对象之间存在的共性。例如 “Both Tom and I love music.” 这句话，“both” 一词就直接点明了汤姆和我在喜爱音乐这一点上是相同的。 表示差异点的标志词：“however”“while”“unlike”“on the other hand” 这类词汇，则用于突出不同对象之间的差异。比如 “Unlike me, she prefers reading.”，“unlike” 这个词就将我和她在喜好上的不同展现了出来，即她更喜欢阅读，而我并非如此。 2. 文化差异理解：在阅读涉及不同文化背景的文本时，文化差异的理解至关重要。 称呼方式：中西方文化在称呼上存在显著差异。例如在中国，我们可能会称呼老师为 “Teacher Li”，这种称呼方式体现了对教师职业的尊重；而在西方，人们更习惯用 “Mr. Li” 这样的称呼，这遵循了西方对于姓氏加尊称的习惯。 节日习俗：不同的节日有着各自独特的习俗。像中国的春节，这是中华民族最重要的传统节日，期间人们会进行贴春联、吃年夜饭、拜年等一系列传统活动；而西方的圣诞节，人们会布置圣诞树、互赠礼物、共进丰盛的圣诞大餐等。 日常交流：在日常打招呼方面也有明显不同。例如，“In China, people often greet each other with ‘Have you eaten?’，while in Western countries, they talk about the weather.” 即在中国，人们常用 “你吃了吗？” 作为见面打招呼的方式，这反映了饮食文化在交流中的体现；而在西方国家，人们则更倾向于谈论天气，这可能与天气在日常生活中的普遍性以及其作为一个中性话题，适合开启交流有关。 核心知识回顾 主题阅读示例分析 Friends: Same or Different? Jeff Green firmly believes that good friends bear a resemblance to mirrors. He and his friend Yuan Li exhibit similarities in numerous aspects. For instance, both of them are of a quiet disposition and have a penchant for reading. Nevertheless, Yuan Li stands out as being more hard working. This trait of Yuan Li serves as an inspiration for Jeff, compelling him to apply himself more diligently in his studies. Huang Lei holds the view that friends do not necessarily have to be identical. His friend Larry, for example, is taller and more outgoing. Despite these differences, they are united by their shared passion for sports. Larry's influence often has a positive impact on Huang Lei, making him more active. Mary Smith contends that a true friend is someone who not only offers a helping hand but also touches one's innermost feelings. Her friend Carol, who is kind hearted and supportive, is a prime example. Even though they have diverse hobbies, their friendship remains strong. [语篇分析] 1. 结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构，通过三个截然不同的案例呈现对友谊的不同看法。这一结构有效组织信息，使读者能清晰理解 “何为益友” 的多元视角。 2. 词汇 “mirror” 在此为隐喻用法，生动传递出 “朋友如镜，可映照自身特质” 的含义。 “similar” 描述杰夫与袁莉的共同之处。 “more hard working” 凸显袁莉与杰夫在勤奋程度上的差异。 “supportive” 刻画卡罗尔的特质，体现她对玛丽的支持与鼓励。 3. 句式 共同点：“Both are quiet and enjoy reading.” 该简单句清晰点明杰夫与袁莉的共同性格与爱好，展现两人的相似性。 差异点：“Yuan Li is more hard working.” 简洁指出两人在性格上的差异，强调袁莉更勤奋的特质。 总结：“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.” 这句富有哲理的表述概括了玛丽・史密斯对真挚友谊的理解，超越了表层的相似与差异。 4. 文化意识 文本通过对比不同人物的交友观，切实体现了 “尊重差异” 的普世价值。它表明，在友谊中，无论朋友相似或不同，核心在于相互理解、支持，并尊重彼此的独特性。 综合实战演练 1 As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends. Talk about what friends are like. Ask your children what they think a friend is. Listen to their answers and then share your opinions on friendship. You might say, “A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.” Then, encourage them to take part in happy and relaxing activities. __________ Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship. Tell your children a story about friends. Continue the story until it reaches the point where one character has to make a decision. Then, stop and ask your children to decide what a friend is like and discuss how to make friends with him or her. Celebrate your own friendships. Kids learn from you. Let them see that you enjoy great relationships with your friends! Plan a get-together with a few of them and ask your children to join in it as well. During your time together, explain why you enjoy being around your friends. Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them. There are many different ways to make gifts. For example, your children could make a card, paint a picture, or write a song. After they have finished, help them plan a time to give the gifts to their friends. With your help, your children can be good at making friends. 1．What is a friend like according to Paragraph 2? A．A friend is someone who always makes you happy. B．A friend is someone you often join activities with. C．A friend is someone you enjoy being with and can depend on. D．A friend is someone who is special in the eyes of others. 2．Which of the following can be put in __________? A．Buy books with your kids. B．Ask your kids questions. C．Play with your kids’ friends. D．Tell kids stories about friendship. 3．Why should your children make gifts for their friends? A．Because it helps your children spend their free time. B．Because it shows that your children care about them a lot. C．Because it can improve your children’s hands-on skills. D．Because it helps your children become interesting. 4．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．The writer wrote the passage to ________. A．help parents learn about friendship B．find more friends for children C．teach children how to make friends D．teach children how to be better friends 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文指出孩子成长中需朋友却常不懂交友，为此给出家长指导孩子交友的方法，包括谈论朋友特质、讲故事、庆祝友谊、教孩子送礼物等，助力孩子学会交友。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段 “You might say, ‘A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.’” 可知，朋友是你喜欢与之相处且可以依赖的人。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段 “Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship.” 可知，讲故事是另一种有助于孩子们了解友谊的好方法，此处应填 “Tell kids stories about friendship.” ，故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段 “Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them.” 可知，让孩子给朋友制作礼物是因为这能表明孩子很在乎他们的朋友。故选B。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引出要教孩子如何交朋友的话题；第二、三、四、五段分别从谈论朋友是什么样的、讲故事、庆祝自己的友谊、让孩子给朋友制作礼物这几个方面阐述方法；第六段总结在家长帮助下孩子能学会交朋友。所以是 “总-分-总” 结构 ，A 选项符合。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段 “As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends.” 以及全文内容可知，作者写这篇文章是为了教孩子如何交朋友。故选C。 2 Is your mobile phone directory full of phone numbers of people you don’t really want to talk to? Do you go out with people from work or school more often than with your real friends? Do you say “yes” to invitations because you think you should, not because you want to? If you answered “yes” to at least two of these questions, then perhaps you need to “edit your friends”. Nowadays people like to spend a lot of time with people at work or classmates at school. The result is that we don’t have enough time to see our real, close friends. As our lives get busier, it becomes more important to spend the little free time we have with people we really want to see, people we love and who really love us. Who are the friends you need to edit? A few years ago, I read a book about how to get rid of unnecessary possessions (物品). It said you should ask yourself about each thing you have: Is it useful? Do I like it? Do I feel better every time I look at it? If the answer is no to any of those questions, you should throw it away. Maybe we should ask similar questions about our friends. What kind of friends will you probably need to edit? Sometimes it’s an old friend. Somebody who you used to have a lot in common with, but who, when you meet now, you have very little or nothing to say to. Or it might be a new friend who you get on quite well with, but who is taking up too much of your time. Next time one of these people calls you and suggests a meeting, think “Do I really want to see this person?” and if the answer is no, say no, and make an excuse. In that way you’ll have more time to spend with your real friends. 1．When do people need to edit their friends? A．They have moved to a different area. B．They have no time with their real friend. C．Some of their friends don’t talk very much. D．Their friends are people from work or school. 2．What does the word “edit” in the passage mean? A．Check and choose. B．Believe and help. C．Miss and see. D．Call and meet. 3．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．We should often throw some possessions. B．Most of our friends are not necessary at all. C．We shouldn’t treat our friends as possessions. D．We should ask ourselves who our real friends are. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 【解析】本文探讨了现代人因忙于工作或学业社交，导致与真正好友相处时间不足的问题。提出通过朋友断舍离来优化社交关系，建议用三个标准评估朋友：是否有用、是否喜欢、相处是否愉悦，并学会对消耗性社交说不，从而为珍贵友谊留出更多空间。 1．细节理解题。根据“Nowadays people like to spend a lot of time with people at work or classmates at school. The result is that we don’t have enough time to see our real, close friends. As our lives get busier, it becomes more important to spend the little free time we have with people we really want to see, people we love and who really love us.”可知，当人们没有时间和真正的朋友在一起时，就需要“编辑”他们的朋友了。因为人们把很多时间花在了同事或同学身上，导致没时间陪真正的朋友，所以此时需要对朋友关系进行“调整”。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据文章内容，“edit your friends”是指对自己的朋友关系进行审视和调整。文中提到要像处理不需要的物品一样，问自己关于朋友的问题，比如“我真的想见到这个人吗” ，如果不想就拒绝，也就是要对朋友进行检查和选择，留下真正想交往的朋友，去掉那些不必要的朋友关系。故“edit”指“检查并选择”。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。通读第三段可知，第三段作者通过类比整理不必要的物品，提出筛选朋友的标准，所以作者是想通过这个类比告诉我们，应该问问自己谁才是我们真正的朋友，从而对朋友关系进行审视和调整。故选D。 3 Hello, everyone! Today I want to introduce my best friend to you. Her name is Rose. Rose is an outgoing girl. She is not tall. She is very thin. She has a round face and two big eyes. Her hair is short. She often wears a pink dress, because pink is her favourite colour. She always has a smiling face. Everyone likes her very much. So she has many friends. Rose is a clever girl. She’s our monitor. She works hard at school every day. She is good at English and maths. She always does her best to help others with their studies. She likes asking teachers questions. Her homework is always clean and tidy. Her handwriting is very beautiful. She is a top student in our class. Rose is a versatile (多才多艺的) girl. She can play the piano. She can draw pictures well. She can play table tennis. She can swim. She can do many things very well. Rose has a pet. It is a small dog. Its name is Dicky. They are good friends. I like it, too. Do you like my best friend, Rose? Can you tell me about your best friend？ 1．What subject is Rose good at? A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．History. D．Science. 2．What does Rose look like? A．She is tall. B．She is strong. C．She is thin. D．She is fat. 3．What animal does Rose keep as a pet? A．A dog. B．A cat. C．A duck. D．A pig. 4．What can Rose do? A．She can play football. B．She can play the violin. C．She can play basketball. D．She can play the piano. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了作者的好朋友Rose，包括其外貌、性格特性以及兴趣爱好等。 1．细节理解题。根据“She is good at English and maths.”可知，她擅长英语和数学。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“She is very thin.”可知，她很瘦。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Rose has a pet. It is a small dog.”可知，她有一只宠物狗。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“She can play the piano.”可知，她会弹钢琴。故选D。 4 “Blind Box Socialization (盲盒社交)” makes it possible to make friends, even though you don’t know him or her at all. “Its activities are different, from shopping to playing outdoor games, such as hide and seek. The uncertainty is why it’s the most popular among young people.” Hu Lingling said. After leaving school, she left her home for Beijing to work. There aren’t many ways for her to make friends, so she finally decided to join “Blind Box Socialization” to try it out. During the activities, everyone can talk what they want because they don’t know each other before. They don’t need to worry about how to get along with others. They can play together if they want to and say goodbye easily if they hope. However, not all members are kind and friendly. Some people say they experienced harassment. Though it is finally solved with the help of police, it still takes lots of trouble to the participant (参与者). What we need to do is to prepare some methods to reduce these bad influences. The organizers also need to make some plans if accidents happen and make sure the safety of participants. 1．What is special about the Blind Box Socialization? A．It has many indoor activities. B．Local people are more welcomed by it. C．Participants don’t know each other before it starts. D．Blind Box Socialization is the best way to make friends. 2．What is the main reason to help it become the most popular one? A．Participants. B．Uncertainty. C．Activities. D．Shopping 3．What does the underlined word “harassment” mean in Paragraph 3? A．骚扰 B．诈骗 C．训斥 D．难题 4．The following is right except ________. A．During the activities, people can say something bad to their work. B．If you don’t like a man, you can just say goodbye to him. C．Organizers need to make some plans to keep participants safe. D．It is a bad method to make new friends. 5．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a textbook about friendship. B．In a personal diary. C．In a newspaper about habits. D．In a magazine for activities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了“盲盒社交”活动的优点及缺点，需要采取一些什么措施来确保参与者的安全。 1．推理判断题。根据“‘Blind Box Socialization (盲盒社交)’ makes it possible to make friends, even though you don’t know him or her at all.”可知，“盲盒社交”的特点是可以与完全不认识的人交朋友。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“The uncertainty is why it’s the most popular among young people.”可知，不确定性是它受年轻人欢迎的主要原因。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Though it is finally solved with the help of police, it still takes lots of trouble to the participant (参与者).”可知，需要警察介入解决，故推出划线部分harassment意为“骚扰”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“everyone can talk what they want”、“if they want to and say goodbye easily if they hope.”及“The organizers also need to make some plans if accidents happen and make sure the safety of participants.”可知，本文提到参与者可与自由交谈，可以轻松告别，组织者需要制定计划确保安全，没有提到结交新朋友不是一个好方法。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“‘Blind Box Socialization (盲盒社交)’ makes it possible to make friends, even though you don’t know him or her at all.”及通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种新型的社交活动的特点、流行原因及注意事项，故最有可能出现在活动类杂志中。故选D。 5 Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, but to others it’s very difficult. Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others. If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it. ▲Realize your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like. ▲Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others. ▲Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile at others. ▲Respect (尊敬) others. Everyone has his or her own idea. Learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept yours. ▲Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show your kindness. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend and so on. ▲Don’t complain (抱怨). Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear your complaints all the time. ▲Never give up. Try to find someone who will understand you. 1．Why do we need friends according to the passage? A．Friends can do everything for us. B．Friends can bring us happiness and hope. C．Friends accept our ideas all the time. D．Without friends, we could not live. 2．What’s the first thing we should learn in order to make friends? A．How to help others. B．How to smile at others. C．How to get on with others. D．How to listen to others’ complaints. 3．Which of the following shows a sense of humor? A．Opening the door for someone. B．Complaining to others all the time. C．Laughing at ourselves and our weakness. D．Finding someone who will understand us. 4．What should we do when we have trouble in making friends? A．Respect others. B．Complain. C．Give up. D．Laugh at them. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【解析】本文主要讲述了如何交朋友，并给出了一些建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives.”可知，朋友为生活带来快乐和希望，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others.”可知，首要的是学会与他人相处，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile at others.”可知，学会自嘲弱点表现了幽默感，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it.”以及给出的建议“Respect (尊敬) others.”可知，短文建议遇到交友困难时，应采取积极行动，比如说“尊敬他人”。故选A。 6 ①Friends are very important in our lives. If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you. ②Start with small things. If you are alone for years and have a feeling of loneliness, don’t be afraid of making friends with others. Always start with small steps. Begin communicating with one or two people to get comfortable in socializing. That way your life won’t be too busy and you’ll learn something about communication. ③Get along with people who has similar interests with you. If you communicate with a few people first, get to know them and try to find your common interests. For example, if both of you like soccer or basketball, then sports can be a good topic between you and your friend. ④Remember quality (质量) over quantity (数量). Remember, it’s always about having two or three good friendships instead of having ten unstable (不稳定) relationships. The more we care about quantity, the more tiring our lives will be. Try to make friends with those who help you in trouble. ⑤Keep the positives (积极心态) in your heart and never compare. Even if you can’t find your true friend in few months or years, you should keep on. Always keep your experiences in the past to continue building your friendships. Also, never forget that every person is special in his/her ways. So, don’t compare one friend of yours with another. Find out their differences and show your full respect. ⑥If you follow the advice above, you are sure to make your true friends. 1．This passage is written mainly for ________. A．everyone B．a teacher C．a quiet person D．a special person 2．How many pieces of advice can we get from this passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3．The underlined word socializing in Paragraph ②probably means ________ in Chinese. A．交际 B．社会 C．讨论 D．合作 4．Which saying can match (匹配) Paragraph ④best? A．A good friend is like a mirror. B．Friends are like books — you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. C．My best friend can bring out the best in me. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 5．What’s the right structure (结构) of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对安静害羞的人，介绍了一些交朋友的建议。 1．细节理解题。根据“If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you.”可知，这篇文章主要是为安静害羞的人写的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。文章第②段“Start with small things.”是一条建议；第③段“Get along with people who has similar interests with you.”是一条建议；第④段“Remember quality over quantity.”是一条建议；第⑤段“Keep the positives in your heart and never compare.”是两条建议，总共5条建议。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“Begin communicating with one or two people to get comfortable in socializing.”可知，前文提到和一两个人交流，可知此处socializing意思是“交际”。故选A。 4．细节理解题。第④段强调友谊要重质量而非数量，选项B“朋友就像书 —— 你不需要很多，只要它们是好的就行”与第④段内容相符。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。文章第①段引出为安静害羞的人提供交友建议这一话题；第②-⑤段分别阐述了5条交友建议；第⑥段总结，按照“总-分-总”结构展开。故选D。 7 Need good and long lasting friends     I am very interested in meeting good friends from France, the UK and other European countries.     I am a loving, caring, understanding and out-going guy and I hope to get to know people, cultures and languages in other countries. I check mails often and I am good at English and French. So I will welcome all emails.     nibangwa@yahoo.com     Thanks for stopping by.                              Tracy Looking for a Japanese penfriend       for my language classes   I am a Japanese teacher in Australia, looking for a penfriend for my classes in Japan. I have 2 classes of 26 students, so 52 in total, who I would like to find a penfriend for.     Please contact me if you can help.     Love123@sina.com     Thanks.                             Simon Looking for a kind friend from the USA Hi all,       My name is Li Fang. I am a lady aged 22, loving, caring, sporty and musical.     I am planning to go for my studies in the United States so I need someone who can show me the way and how to do things and be a friend when I am there.     I am Chinese and hope to hear from you.     Thank you so much.     jelbit@yahoo.com Searching for secondary school penfriends     Hello, we are from Spain, near Barcelona city.   Our students are 12~16 years old and they would like to build friendships with a school with similar age characteristics(个性). They need to practice English. They speak Spanish and Catalan as mother languages.     We are expecting to hear from you.                                Branka Foreign Languages Department Tel: 13912371550 1．According to the information above, we know ________ can speak French. A．Tracy B．Li Fang C．Branka D．Simon 2．We know from the passage that ________. A．Tracy is planning to go for studies in the USA B．Li Fang is going to Australia to be a teacher C．Branka wants to find some adult penfriends D．Simon has two classes with 52 students in total 3．You may see the information above ________. A．in a film B．on a website C．in a play D．on a map 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．B 【解析】本文以广告的形式公示了四个人需要笔友的信息。 1．细节理解题。根据Tracy一栏的信息“I check mails often and I am good at English and French.”可知，Tracy擅长英语和法语。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据Simon一栏的信息“I have 2 classes of 26 students, so 52 in total, who I would like to find a penfriend for.”可知，Simon有两个班，每个班26名学生，总共52名学生，故选D。 3．推理判断题。本文以广告的形式公示了四个人需要笔友的信息，故可推知可以在网站上能够看到这些信息，故选B。 8 Cathy was a special girl. She liked playing football with the boys in her class. But she never liked to do what other girls did. Cathy was welcome among (在……中) the boys in her class because she played football better than many of them. However, Cathy’s girl friends began to stay away from her. Cathy felt not happy and she didn’t understand why. One morning, on her way to school, Cathy saw her friend Karen and decided to talk to her. “Karen, why don’t you want me to be your friend any more?” asked Cathy. “You play football with boys. It makes you look like a boy,” said Karen. Cathy was kind of angry. She said, “I play with the boys because I like the sport. But I also like to play with you and that should not be a problem.” Days passed. One afternoon, Cathy was playing football with some boys when Karen came to her. “Cathy, I thought over what you said these days. You’re right. I should respect (尊重) your hobby. I’m sorry,” Karen said. Cathy’s friend learned to respect her hobby and understood that there is no sport just for girls or boys. We can do the sport as long as (只要) we like it. 1．What can we know about Cathy? A．She didn’t like playing with girls. B．She was good at playing football. C．She liked to do what other girls did. D．She was welcome among the girls. 2．Cathy felt ________ when her girl friends began to stay away from her. A．sad B．calm C．happy D．excited 3．Karen didn’t want to be Cathy’s friend any more because ________. A．Karen didn’t like Cathy’s other friends B．Karen thought playing football with boys made Cathy look like a boy C．Cathy didn’t respect Karen’s hobby D．Cathy’s friends didn’t like Karen 4．How did Karen tell Cathy that she was sorry? A．By buying a football for Cathy. B．By writing Cathy a letter. C．By talking to Cathy in person. D．By playing football with Cathy. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Don’t Be Special B．Play Sports Just for Girls C．Say Sorry First D．Respect Others’ Hobby 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文通过Cathy和Karen的故事，教导我们要尊重他人爱好。 1．细节理解题。根据文中“Cathy was welcome among the boys in her class because she played football better than many of them.”可知，Cathy擅长踢足球。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文中“Cathy felt not happy and she didn’t understand why.”可知，Cathy对朋友疏远感到伤心。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文中“‘You play football with boys. It makes you look like a boy,’ said Karen.”可知，Karen认为Cathy和男孩踢足球让她看起来像个男孩。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据文中“One afternoon, Cathy was playing football with some boys when Karen came to her. ‘Cathy, I thought over what you said these days. You’re right. I should respect (尊重) your hobby. I’m sorry,’ Karen said.”可知，Karen亲自向Cathy道歉。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文通过Cathy和Karen的故事，教导我们要尊重他人爱好。故选D。 9 Everyone needs friends. As the old saying goes, “Friendship is one mind in two bodies.” But how can you find a real friendship and keep it? The Care and Keeping of Friends written by American author Nadine Bernard Westcott tells young students some smart ways to find friends. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should do his or her best to help you. To make friends, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives. But things cannot always be happy. Even best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, you can have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk with you, you may write a letter. Nadine says there are three steps about being friends again: tell him or her how you are feeling, say what yo have done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also gives advice on some small but important things like celebrating your friend’s success. Even if you haven’t had a real friend before, you will start to think about having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life. 1．A good friend should ________. A．have a lot of money B．be good-looking C．be kind and patient D．be successful 2．You can take ________ steps to fix a broken friendship. A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5 3．What can’t you do if your good friend has done wrong? A．Write a letter to him or her. B．Have an honest talk with him or her. C．Tell him or her how you feel. D．Have a fight with him or her. 4．The writer of the passage really wants to tell us ________. A．life is great if you have friends B．an old saying C．Nadine is an American writer D．what makes a good friend 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【解析】本文介绍了如何找到真正的友谊并保持友谊。文章中提到了友谊的标准以及友谊出现矛盾时的处理方式，强调了友谊的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据“A good friend should be kind and patient.”可知，一个好朋友应该是善良和耐心的。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Nadine says there are three steps about being friends again: tell him or her how you are feeling, say what yo have done wrong, and explain why you did this or that.”可知，可以采取3步去修复破损的友谊。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Even best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, you can have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk with you, you may write a letter.”可知，当和朋友吵架时，你可以和他或她交谈；进行一个真诚的交谈；可以写信给他或她，而不应该和他或她打架。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据“But how can you find a real friendship and keep it? The Care and Keeping of Friends written by American author Nadine Bernard Westcott tells young students some smart ways to find friends.”和通读全文可知，这篇文章主要为了告诉我们如何交友和如何维持友谊的问题。故选D。 10 Hello! I’m Lara and I’m American. I’m 9 years old. Sophie is my best friend. She’s 34 years old. Her hair is fair (好看的) and her eyes are green. She’s beautiful and she’s my mum! Sometimes I do stupid (愚蠢的) things, but she says, “It’s OK, it doesn’t matter (没关系).” Is your mum your best friend? Lara Hi! I’m Errol and I’m 11 years old. I’m from Canada. My best friends are Tom and Jack. They are brothers and they’re 10 and 11 years old. They’ re cool! The brothers’ hair is brown. Jack is together with me in Class 3A at school. Tom is very clever, and Jack is very funny. Their birthday’s are on the same day—8th February! Who is your best friend? Write me an e-mail soon! Errol 1．Where is Lara from? A．Canada. B．England. C．Australia. D．America. 2．What’s the relationship (关系) between Sophie and Lara? A．Sisters. B．Student and teacher. C．Classmates. D．Mother and daughter. 3．What’s Sophie like? A．She’s stupid. B．She is funny. C．She is clever. D．She is kind. 4．Which of the following is True (正确的) to Errol? A．He is 10 years old. B．He is in Class 3A． C．His birthday is on 8th February D．He has two brothers. 5．What are the two e-mails talking about? A．The sweet families. B．The best friends. C．The different countries. D．The new schools. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．B 5．B 【解析】本文是两封邮件，邮件中Lara和Errol介绍了自己最好的朋友的情况。 1．细节理解题。根据“I’m Lara and I’m American.”可知，Lara来自美国。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“She’s beautiful and she’s my mum!”可知，Sophie和Lara是母女关系。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据“Sometimes I do stupid (愚蠢的) things, but she says, ‘It’s OK, it doesn’t matter (没关系).’”可知，有时Lara做了蠢事，Sophie说没有关系，由此推知Sophie很友善。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Jack is together with me in Class 3A at school.”可知，Errol在3A班。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Sophie is my best friend.”和“My best friends are Tom and Jack.”可知，两封邮件都是介绍好朋友。故选B。 11 What is a good friend like？ Molly I think a good friend likes to do the same things as me. Jack is my best friend. We both like to play the guitar after class. Holly For me, a good friend makes me laugh. He or she likes to talk about something interesting and funny. Maria I think a good friend should be a good listener, and he or she should keep secrets (秘密) for me—that’s more important for me. Sally In my opinion, a good friend should have cool clothes and he or she is popular in school. He or she should be good at sports, because I like doing sports. Toby As we are students, I think a good friend should be good at schoolwork. Then we can help each other and learn from each other. Jim I think good friends should help each other. When I am in trouble, Kelly always helps me. 1．Who can be Holly’s friend? A．Someone who is very quiet. B．Someone who likes to talk about interesting things. C．Someone who is good at schoolwork. D．Someone who is very cool and popular. 2．Who wants his or her friends to do well in their schoolwork? A．Molly B．Toby C．Jim D．Sally 3．What does Jack like? A．Playing the guitar. B．Sports. C．Making others laugh. D．Schoolwork. 4．Whose friend is Kelly? A．Jim’s B．Toby’s C．Sally’s D．Molly’s 5．When Jim is in trouble, __________ always helps him. A．Jack B．Toby C．Kelly D．Maria 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文以表格的形式主要介绍了几个人的择友标准。 1．细节理解题。根据“He or she likes to talk about something interesting and funny.”可知，喜欢谈论有趣事情的人可以成为Holly的朋友。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“As we are students, I think a good friend should be good at schoolwork.”可知，Toby希望他的朋友在功课上做得好。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“Jack is my best friend. We both like to play the guitar after class.”可知，Jack喜欢弹吉他。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“I think good friends should help each other. When I am in trouble, Kelly always helps me.”可知，Kelly的朋友是Jim。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据“When I am in trouble, Kelly always helps me.”可知，当Jim有困难时，Kelly总是帮助他。故选C。 12 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply an acquaintance. All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．What does the underlined word “acquaintances” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese? A．同学 B．熟人 C．邻居 D．同事 2．If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．true friends 3．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a best friend is D．a best friend can correct you when you are wrong 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are more important than guest friends B．we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly does anything bad to you on purpose D．a pest friend will never become your best friend 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【解析】本文介绍三种不同类型的朋友。 1．词句猜测题。根据“All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around.”可知，你可能会在学校、工作场所或公共汽车上遇到这样的朋友，知道他们的名字，但不会想念他们，所以应该是“熟人”。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel.”可知，“客人朋友”指“有一些共同点，但互相之间不会谈论任何深层次的事情，不会敞开心扉”。如果你和John是邻居和同学，一起做事但不分享感受，你们应该是“客人朋友”。故选B。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The last kind of friends, the ‘best friend’, is the one you know the deepest.”可知，本段主要谈论什么是最好的朋友。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you.”可知，最好的朋友不会故意对你做一些不好的事情。故选C。 13 Wang Xiaojun, 49, has a small hotel in Pingyao, a county in Shanxi. She opened it in 2002. This January, Wang got an e- mail from her friend Bernard Frigara in France. “I just want to tell you how much I miss Pingyao, you and your family. I love to walk around Pingyao and ride a bicycle there...” the 75-year-old artist wrote in the e-mail. When Grigara first visited Pingyao in 2004, he stayed in Wang’s hotel. In less than 20 years, Frigara went to Pingyao six times, and he stayed in Wang’s hotel every time, for one or two months at a time. Wang and her family showed Frigara around Pingyao, washed clothes for him and celebrated (庆祝) his birthday. Once when Frigara didn’t feel well, Wang took him to hospital. He wrote in his diary that he stayed in a wonderful hotel and that he felt at home there. Also, Frigara taught Wang French and bought gifts for her children. Wang described her French friend as a kind and helpful man. Not long ago, Wang wrote a story between Frigara and her family named Waiting for you, my friend. “He’ll come to Pingyao again in the spring of 2024,” she said. 1．What do we know about Bermard Frigara? A．He’s an artist. B．He lives in Pingyao. C．He has a small hotel. D．He’s 49 years old. 2．How many times did Frigara go to the hotel? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Six times. D．Twenty times. 3．What did Wang do for Frigara? ①She bought him gifts.         ②She washed clothes for him. ③She drew pictures for him.         ④She celebrated his birthday. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【解析】本文主要介绍了平遥古城一家酒店老板和意为法国朋友之间的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“the 75-year-old artist wrote in the e-mail”可知，Bermard Frigara是名艺术家，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“When Grigara first visited Pingyao in 2004, he stayed in Wang’s hotel. In less than 20 years, Frigara went to Pingyao six times, and he stayed in Wang’s hotel every time, for one or two months at a time.”可知，在不到20年的时间里，弗里加拉去了平遥六次，每次都住在王的酒店，一次住一两个月。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Wang and her family showed Frigara around Pingyao, washed clothes for him and celebrated (庆祝) his birthday.”可知，王和她的家人带着弗里加拉参观平遥，为他洗衣服，庆祝他的生日。故选D。 14 Study has shown that when we volunteer—when we give our time and try to help others—we also benefit (受益) ourselves. Our happiness grows. We feel better about our lives. We even have more energy and new ideas. In short, we end up having more to give. I noticed some not-so-good things about my friends. Sometimes, they get into the habit of gossiping (八卦) about others. They will always complain (埋怨) about their bosses or co-workers. It seems as if they get caught in this circle of complaining, and their bad mood bothers (困扰) them in other parts of their life. When this happens, they become uninterested in new events or become worried by their workmates or things that happen at work. At the same time, I also found other friends go out of their way to help someone on their team or to help out on new work that had very little or even nothing to do with their main work. It seems like they won’t get anything in return, but in fact, my friends benefit from these communications. My friends have told me about the stronger relationships they’ve built at work and the fun they’ve had working on new and interesting work. They’ve told me about how the people they helped before have helped them back later on. Not only that, but they have even talked about times when their boss say something nice about them for their work or when they were told early about new work that was coming soon. We often think that when we help someone else, we aren’t doing anything for ourselves. But we actually often end up getting back just as much as we give. When we step into helping someone, we often turn out to be helping ourselves, as well. 1．What could be the result if people always complain about others? A．Be uninterested in new events. B．Be interested in new events. C．Be happy with their co-workers. D．Gossip about others at work. 2．What do the writer’s friends get when they help others at work? A．They feel more bothered by coworkers and complain often. B．They build stronger friendships and enjoy new work. C．They lose interest in future tasks and feel bored. D．They get nothing in return from helping others. 3．According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A．Volunteering only benefits the people being helped, not the volunteers themselves. B．The writer’s friends who gossip and complain a lot feel more creative and happier. C．When people volunteer, they often feel happier and more pleased with their lives. D．Helping others is a waste of time because it doesn’t bring any personal benefits. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Helping others wastes time and makes people tired. B．Helping others also benefits ourselves greatly. C．Helping others lets you join new work sooner. D．Complaining at work makes people lose friends. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文主要探讨了帮助他人对自身的积极影响，以及抱怨他人带来的负面后果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When this happens, they become uninterested in new events or become worried by their workmates or things that happen at work.”可知，总是抱怨他人的人会对新事物失去兴趣。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“My friends have told me about the stronger relationships they’ve built at work and the fun they’ve had working on new and interesting work.”可知，帮助他人的朋友在工作中建立了更牢固的关系，并享受新工作的乐趣。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第一段“Study has shown that when we volunteer—when we give our time and try to help others—we also benefit ourselves. Our happiness grows. We feel better about our lives.”可知，志愿服务能让人感到更快乐，对生活更满意。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是最后一段“When we step into helping someone, we often turn out to be helping ourselves, as well.”可知，文章主要表达的是帮助他人也能极大地惠及自身。故选B。 ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025-2026学年上学期八年级英语知识点梳理与巩固(人教版2024) Unit 3 Same or Different?主题阅读 必备知识清单 单元主题阅读 一、主题内涵(深入理解人与人之间的异同) 在纷繁复杂的人际交往大舞台上，每个人都宛如一颗独一无二的星辰，散发着独特的光芒。作为独特的个体，人与人之间既有着诸多相似之处，如同夜空中相互辉映的星座，彼此之间存在着微妙的联系；同时，又不可避免地存在着各式各样的差异，仿佛不同星座有着各自独特的特征与运行轨迹。 深入理解这些异同所蕴含的意义十分深远，它不仅是打开建立深厚友谊大门的一把关键钥匙，更是我们培养包容心态、提升跨文化交际能力的重要基石。就拿日常生活中的例子来说，朋友们或许在兴趣爱好方面有着高度的契合，比如都热衷于阅读科幻小说，或者痴迷于户外运动，这种相似性让他们在交流与互动中能够产生强烈的共鸣。然而，在性格方面，他们可能截然不同，有的朋友性格开朗外向，如同灿烂的阳光，总是能迅速活跃气氛；而有的朋友则性格内敛沉稳，恰似静谧的湖水，在遇到问题时往往有着独特的思考方式。再看不同文化背景的人群，他们在节日习俗上的差异尤为明显，像西方的圣诞节，充满了浓厚的宗教氛围与欢乐的节日装饰；而东方的春节，则有着贴春联、放鞭炮等承载着丰富传统寓意的习俗。在价值观层面，也存在着诸多不同，比如一些西方文化强调个人主义，注重个体的独立发展；而许多东方文化更倾向于集体主义，强调集体的和谐与团结。但奇妙的是，正是这些差异，为不同文化背景的人提供了相互交流、相互学习的契机，让彼此能够拓宽视野，领略到别样的世界。 通过认真阅读相关文本，我们能够掌握用英语精准描述这些异同的技巧，进而深入分析它们对人际关系所产生的各种影响。无论是积极的促进作用，还是可能带来的挑战，都将在我们的剖析下清晰呈现，使我们在人际交往中更加游刃有余。 二、主题相关词汇 （一）核心词汇分类 1. 共同点描述 (1)兴趣与爱好 shared goals（共同的目标） similar tastes（相似的品味） common passions（共同的热爱） mutual enthusiasm for...（对…… 的共同热情） alike in hobbies（爱好相近） (2)价值观与性格 shared principles（共同的原则） similar ethics（相似的道德准则） compassionate nature（富有同情心的性格） reliable and honest（可靠且诚实） aligned life attitudes（一致的生活态度） (3)能力与行为 collaborate well together（合作默契） share the same approach（方法一致） both capable of...（都有能力做……） enjoy supporting each other（喜欢互相支持） share a love for learning（共同热爱学习） 2. 差异点描述 (1)性格与行为 opposite temperaments（相反的脾气） varying opinions（不同的意见） different communication styles（不同的沟通风格） contrasting work habits（对比鲜明的工作习惯） diverse problemsolving methods（多样的解决问题方式） (2)外貌与能力 physically distinct（外貌不同） excel in different areas（各有所长） different skill sets（不同的技能） varying levels of experience（经验水平不同） distinct strengths and weaknesses（独特的优缺点） (3)文化与习惯 distinct cultural backgrounds（不同的文化背景） varying social norms（不同的社会规范） different etiquette（不同的礼仪） contrasting daily routines（对比鲜明的日常生活） diverse culinary preferences（多样的饮食偏好） 3. 友谊与交际 (1)品质 empathy（同理心） loyalty（忠诚） openmindedness（开放心态） patience（耐心） acceptance（接纳） (2)行为 bridge differences（跨越差异） find common ground（寻找共同点） embrace uniqueness（拥抱独特性） communicate openly（坦诚交流） support each other’s growth（支持彼此成长） 三、相关句式 （一）比较与对比的核心结构 1. 共同点表达（新增句式） （1）直接陈述（多样化表达） We share a passion for...（我们都热爱……） 例：We share a passion for stargazing and discussing science fiction.（我们都热爱观星和讨论科幻作品。） One of our shared interests is...（我们的共同兴趣之一是……） 例：One of our shared interests is volunteering at the community library.（我们的共同兴趣之一是在社区图书馆做义工。） We have a lot in common when it comes to...（在…… 方面，我们有很多共同点） 例：We have a lot in common when it comes to our values about family and honesty.（在家庭和诚信的价值观上，我们有很多共同点。） Both of us take pleasure in...（我们都乐于……） 例：Both of us take pleasure in solving challenging math problems together.（我们都乐于一起解决有挑战性的数学题。） （2）比喻增强 Just as threads in a tapestry create beauty through their connection, our shared goals and hobbies weave our friendship together.（正如挂毯中的线通过交织创造美丽，我们的共同目标和爱好编织了我们的友谊。） Like notes in a melody, our similar interests harmonize and make our time together enjoyable.（如同旋律中的音符，我们的共同兴趣和谐共鸣，让相处时光充满愉悦。） Our friendship is like a garden—the common values are the soil that helps it grow.（我们的友谊如同一座花园，共同的价值观是助其生长的土壤。） 2. 差异点表达 （1）对比句式（多样化连接词） Whereas I prefer planning every detail, she likes to go with the flow.（我喜欢规划每个细节，而她喜欢顺其自然。） He is more adventurous, in contrast, I prefer staying in and reading.（他更爱冒险，相比之下，我更喜欢待在家里读书。） We differ greatly in hobbies; while I play the piano, he plays basketball.（我们的爱好差异很大；我弹钢琴，而他打篮球。） Unlike my quiet nature, her outgoing personality lights up any room.（与我安静的性格不同，她外向的个性总能点亮整个房间。） （2）分析影响（强调差异的积极意义） Her attention to detail has taught me to be more careful in my work.（她对细节的关注教会我在工作中更加细心。） His different approach to solving problems often gives me new perspectives.（他解决问题的不同方法常常让我获得新的视角。） Our contrasting styles in teamwork help us balance each other’s weaknesses.（我们在团队合作中截然不同的风格帮助我们平衡彼此的弱点。） I’ve learned to embrace uncertainty because of her spontaneous nature.（因为她的随性，我学会了拥抱不确定性。） 3. 总结升华 （1）强调包容与成长 Rather than fearing differences, we should see them as opportunities to learn and grow together.（与其害怕差异，不如将它们视为共同学习和成长的机会。） The beauty of human connection lies in how we celebrate both our similarities and our unique qualities.（人际交往的美好在于我们如何庆祝彼此的相似之处和独特品质。） When we accept each other’s differences, our friendship becomes stronger and more meaningful.（当我们接纳彼此的差异时，友谊会变得更坚固、更有意义。） （2）普适性总结 Similarities bring us together, but differences teach us to appreciate each other deeply.（相似让我们相聚，差异让我们学会深刻欣赏彼此。） A true friend is someone who complements you, not completes you.（真正的朋友是与你互补的人，而不是完全相同的人。） Variety is the spice of life, and it’s no different in friendships.（多样性是生活的调味剂，友谊中也是如此。） 四、阅读策略 1. 识别标志词：在进行文本对比阅读时，标志词是帮助我们快速捕捉关键信息的重要线索。 表示共同点的标志词：像 “both”“similarly”“in common”“like” 等词汇，能清晰地表明文本中所描述对象之间存在的共性。例如 “Both Tom and I love music.” 这句话，“both” 一词就直接点明了汤姆和我在喜爱音乐这一点上是相同的。 表示差异点的标志词：“however”“while”“unlike”“on the other hand” 这类词汇，则用于突出不同对象之间的差异。比如 “Unlike me, she prefers reading.”，“unlike” 这个词就将我和她在喜好上的不同展现了出来，即她更喜欢阅读，而我并非如此。 2. 文化差异理解：在阅读涉及不同文化背景的文本时，文化差异的理解至关重要。 称呼方式：中西方文化在称呼上存在显著差异。例如在中国，我们可能会称呼老师为 “Teacher Li”，这种称呼方式体现了对教师职业的尊重；而在西方，人们更习惯用 “Mr. Li” 这样的称呼，这遵循了西方对于姓氏加尊称的习惯。 节日习俗：不同的节日有着各自独特的习俗。像中国的春节，这是中华民族最重要的传统节日，期间人们会进行贴春联、吃年夜饭、拜年等一系列传统活动；而西方的圣诞节，人们会布置圣诞树、互赠礼物、共进丰盛的圣诞大餐等。 日常交流：在日常打招呼方面也有明显不同。例如，“In China, people often greet each other with ‘Have you eaten?’，while in Western countries, they talk about the weather.” 即在中国，人们常用 “你吃了吗？” 作为见面打招呼的方式，这反映了饮食文化在交流中的体现；而在西方国家，人们则更倾向于谈论天气，这可能与天气在日常生活中的普遍性以及其作为一个中性话题，适合开启交流有关。 核心知识回顾 主题阅读示例分析 Friends: Same or Different? Jeff Green firmly believes that good friends bear a resemblance to mirrors. He and his friend Yuan Li exhibit similarities in numerous aspects. For instance, both of them are of a quiet disposition and have a penchant for reading. Nevertheless, Yuan Li stands out as being more hard working. This trait of Yuan Li serves as an inspiration for Jeff, compelling him to apply himself more diligently in his studies. Huang Lei holds the view that friends do not necessarily have to be identical. His friend Larry, for example, is taller and more outgoing. Despite these differences, they are united by their shared passion for sports. Larry's influence often has a positive impact on Huang Lei, making him more active. Mary Smith contends that a true friend is someone who not only offers a helping hand but also touches one's innermost feelings. Her friend Carol, who is kind hearted and supportive, is a prime example. Even though they have diverse hobbies, their friendship remains strong. [语篇分析] 1. 结构 文章采用 “总 — 分” 结构，通过三个截然不同的案例呈现对友谊的不同看法。这一结构有效组织信息，使读者能清晰理解 “何为益友” 的多元视角。 2. 词汇 “mirror” 在此为隐喻用法，生动传递出 “朋友如镜，可映照自身特质” 的含义。 “similar” 描述杰夫与袁莉的共同之处。 “more hard working” 凸显袁莉与杰夫在勤奋程度上的差异。 “supportive” 刻画卡罗尔的特质，体现她对玛丽的支持与鼓励。 3. 句式 共同点：“Both are quiet and enjoy reading.” 该简单句清晰点明杰夫与袁莉的共同性格与爱好，展现两人的相似性。 差异点：“Yuan Li is more hard working.” 简洁指出两人在性格上的差异，强调袁莉更勤奋的特质。 总结：“A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.” 这句富有哲理的表述概括了玛丽・史密斯对真挚友谊的理解，超越了表层的相似与差异。 4. 文化意识 文本通过对比不同人物的交友观，切实体现了 “尊重差异” 的普世价值。它表明，在友谊中，无论朋友相似或不同，核心在于相互理解、支持，并尊重彼此的独特性。 综合实战演练 1 As your children grow up, they need friends, but sometimes, they don’t understand how to make friends. So, it’s time to tell them how to make friends. Talk about what friends are like. Ask your children what they think a friend is. Listen to their answers and then share your opinions on friendship. You might say, “A friend is someone you enjoy spending time with. They make you feel special, and you can rely on (依赖) them.” Then, encourage them to take part in happy and relaxing activities. __________ Storytelling is another great way to help kids learn about friendship. Tell your children a story about friends. Continue the story until it reaches the point where one character has to make a decision. Then, stop and ask your children to decide what a friend is like and discuss how to make friends with him or her. Celebrate your own friendships. Kids learn from you. Let them see that you enjoy great relationships with your friends! Plan a get-together with a few of them and ask your children to join in it as well. During your time together, explain why you enjoy being around your friends. Tell your children to make gifts for their friends. This can show the friends how much your children care about them. There are many different ways to make gifts. For example, your children could make a card, paint a picture, or write a song. After they have finished, help them plan a time to give the gifts to their friends. With your help, your children can be good at making friends. 1．What is a friend like according to Paragraph 2? A．A friend is someone who always makes you happy. B．A friend is someone you often join activities with. C．A friend is someone you enjoy being with and can depend on. D．A friend is someone who is special in the eyes of others. 2．Which of the following can be put in __________? A．Buy books with your kids. B．Ask your kids questions. C．Play with your kids’ friends. D．Tell kids stories about friendship. 3．Why should your children make gifts for their friends? A．Because it helps your children spend their free time. B．Because it shows that your children care about them a lot. C．Because it can improve your children’s hands-on skills. D．Because it helps your children become interesting. 4．Which of the following can show the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．The writer wrote the passage to ________. A．help parents learn about friendship B．find more friends for children C．teach children how to make friends D．teach children how to be better friends 2 Is your mobile phone directory full of phone numbers of people you don’t really want to talk to? Do you go out with people from work or school more often than with your real friends? Do you say “yes” to invitations because you think you should, not because you want to? If you answered “yes” to at least two of these questions, then perhaps you need to “edit your friends”. Nowadays people like to spend a lot of time with people at work or classmates at school. The result is that we don’t have enough time to see our real, close friends. As our lives get busier, it becomes more important to spend the little free time we have with people we really want to see, people we love and who really love us. Who are the friends you need to edit? A few years ago, I read a book about how to get rid of unnecessary possessions (物品). It said you should ask yourself about each thing you have: Is it useful? Do I like it? Do I feel better every time I look at it? If the answer is no to any of those questions, you should throw it away. Maybe we should ask similar questions about our friends. What kind of friends will you probably need to edit? Sometimes it’s an old friend. Somebody who you used to have a lot in common with, but who, when you meet now, you have very little or nothing to say to. Or it might be a new friend who you get on quite well with, but who is taking up too much of your time. Next time one of these people calls you and suggests a meeting, think “Do I really want to see this person?” and if the answer is no, say no, and make an excuse. In that way you’ll have more time to spend with your real friends. 1．When do people need to edit their friends? A．They have moved to a different area. B．They have no time with their real friend. C．Some of their friends don’t talk very much. D．Their friends are people from work or school. 2．What does the word “edit” in the passage mean? A．Check and choose. B．Believe and help. C．Miss and see. D．Call and meet. 3．What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 3? A．We should often throw some possessions. B．Most of our friends are not necessary at all. C．We shouldn’t treat our friends as possessions. D．We should ask ourselves who our real friends are. 3 Hello, everyone! Today I want to introduce my best friend to you. Her name is Rose. Rose is an outgoing girl. She is not tall. She is very thin. She has a round face and two big eyes. Her hair is short. She often wears a pink dress, because pink is her favourite colour. She always has a smiling face. Everyone likes her very much. So she has many friends. Rose is a clever girl. She’s our monitor. She works hard at school every day. She is good at English and maths. She always does her best to help others with their studies. She likes asking teachers questions. Her homework is always clean and tidy. Her handwriting is very beautiful. She is a top student in our class. Rose is a versatile (多才多艺的) girl. She can play the piano. She can draw pictures well. She can play table tennis. She can swim. She can do many things very well. Rose has a pet. It is a small dog. Its name is Dicky. They are good friends. I like it, too. Do you like my best friend, Rose? Can you tell me about your best friend？ 1．What subject is Rose good at? A．Chinese. B．Maths. C．History. D．Science. 2．What does Rose look like? A．She is tall. B．She is strong. C．She is thin. D．She is fat. 3．What animal does Rose keep as a pet? A．A dog. B．A cat. C．A duck. D．A pig. 4．What can Rose do? A．She can play football. B．She can play the violin. C．She can play basketball. D．She can play the piano. 4 “Blind Box Socialization (盲盒社交)” makes it possible to make friends, even though you don’t know him or her at all. “Its activities are different, from shopping to playing outdoor games, such as hide and seek. The uncertainty is why it’s the most popular among young people.” Hu Lingling said. After leaving school, she left her home for Beijing to work. There aren’t many ways for her to make friends, so she finally decided to join “Blind Box Socialization” to try it out. During the activities, everyone can talk what they want because they don’t know each other before. They don’t need to worry about how to get along with others. They can play together if they want to and say goodbye easily if they hope. However, not all members are kind and friendly. Some people say they experienced harassment. Though it is finally solved with the help of police, it still takes lots of trouble to the participant (参与者). What we need to do is to prepare some methods to reduce these bad influences. The organizers also need to make some plans if accidents happen and make sure the safety of participants. 1．What is special about the Blind Box Socialization? A．It has many indoor activities. B．Local people are more welcomed by it. C．Participants don’t know each other before it starts. D．Blind Box Socialization is the best way to make friends. 2．What is the main reason to help it become the most popular one? A．Participants. B．Uncertainty. C．Activities. D．Shopping 3．What does the underlined word “harassment” mean in Paragraph 3? A．骚扰 B．诈骗 C．训斥 D．难题 4．The following is right except ________. A．During the activities, people can say something bad to their work. B．If you don’t like a man, you can just say goodbye to him. C．Organizers need to make some plans to keep participants safe. D．It is a bad method to make new friends. 5．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a textbook about friendship. B．In a personal diary. C．In a newspaper about habits. D．In a magazine for activities. 5 Everyone needs friends. Friends bring us happiness and hope in our lives. But the ability to make friends changes from person to person. To some people, making friends is easy, but to others it’s very difficult. Making friends is a skill, and the first thing is to know how to get on with others. If you have trouble in making friends, maybe I can tell you how to do it. ▲Realize your own good points. You have skills and talents that others will like. ▲Believe that you are a good person and have something nice to share with others. ▲Be humorous. Learn to laugh at yourself and your weakness. Remember to smile at others. ▲Respect (尊敬) others. Everyone has his or her own idea. Learn how to listen to others’ ideas without trying to make them accept yours. ▲Be kind. If you are kind to others, they will usually be kind to you. There are hundreds of little things you can do to show your kindness. Open the door for someone. Wave to a friend and so on. ▲Don’t complain (抱怨). Learn to accept what you can’t change, and work hard to change what you can. No one is willing to hear your complaints all the time. ▲Never give up. Try to find someone who will understand you. 1．Why do we need friends according to the passage? A．Friends can do everything for us. B．Friends can bring us happiness and hope. C．Friends accept our ideas all the time. D．Without friends, we could not live. 2．What’s the first thing we should learn in order to make friends? A．How to help others. B．How to smile at others. C．How to get on with others. D．How to listen to others’ complaints. 3．Which of the following shows a sense of humor? A．Opening the door for someone. B．Complaining to others all the time. C．Laughing at ourselves and our weakness. D．Finding someone who will understand us. 4．What should we do when we have trouble in making friends? A．Respect others. B．Complain. C．Give up. D．Laugh at them. 6 ①Friends are very important in our lives. If you’re a quiet and shy person and want to know how to make friends, here’s some advice for you. ②Start with small things. If you are alone for years and have a feeling of loneliness, don’t be afraid of making friends with others. Always start with small steps. Begin communicating with one or two people to get comfortable in socializing. That way your life won’t be too busy and you’ll learn something about communication. ③Get along with people who has similar interests with you. If you communicate with a few people first, get to know them and try to find your common interests. For example, if both of you like soccer or basketball, then sports can be a good topic between you and your friend. ④Remember quality (质量) over quantity (数量). Remember, it’s always about having two or three good friendships instead of having ten unstable (不稳定) relationships. The more we care about quantity, the more tiring our lives will be. Try to make friends with those who help you in trouble. ⑤Keep the positives (积极心态) in your heart and never compare. Even if you can’t find your true friend in few months or years, you should keep on. Always keep your experiences in the past to continue building your friendships. Also, never forget that every person is special in his/her ways. So, don’t compare one friend of yours with another. Find out their differences and show your full respect. ⑥If you follow the advice above, you are sure to make your true friends. 1．This passage is written mainly for ________. A．everyone B．a teacher C．a quiet person D．a special person 2．How many pieces of advice can we get from this passage? A．3. B．4. C．5. D．6. 3．The underlined word socializing in Paragraph ②probably means ________ in Chinese. A．交际 B．社会 C．讨论 D．合作 4．Which saying can match (匹配) Paragraph ④best? A．A good friend is like a mirror. B．Friends are like books — you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good. C．My best friend can bring out the best in me. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 5．What’s the right structure (结构) of this passage? A． B． C． D． 7 Need good and long lasting friends     I am very interested in meeting good friends from France, the UK and other European countries.     I am a loving, caring, understanding and out-going guy and I hope to get to know people, cultures and languages in other countries. I check mails often and I am good at English and French. So I will welcome all emails.     nibangwa@yahoo.com     Thanks for stopping by.                              Tracy Looking for a Japanese penfriend       for my language classes   I am a Japanese teacher in Australia, looking for a penfriend for my classes in Japan. I have 2 classes of 26 students, so 52 in total, who I would like to find a penfriend for.     Please contact me if you can help.     Love123@sina.com     Thanks.                             Simon Looking for a kind friend from the USA Hi all,       My name is Li Fang. I am a lady aged 22, loving, caring, sporty and musical.     I am planning to go for my studies in the United States so I need someone who can show me the way and how to do things and be a friend when I am there.     I am Chinese and hope to hear from you.     Thank you so much.     jelbit@yahoo.com Searching for secondary school penfriends     Hello, we are from Spain, near Barcelona city.   Our students are 12~16 years old and they would like to build friendships with a school with similar age characteristics(个性). They need to practice English. They speak Spanish and Catalan as mother languages.     We are expecting to hear from you.                                Branka Foreign Languages Department Tel: 13912371550 1．According to the information above, we know ________ can speak French. A．Tracy B．Li Fang C．Branka D．Simon 2．We know from the passage that ________. A．Tracy is planning to go for studies in the USA B．Li Fang is going to Australia to be a teacher C．Branka wants to find some adult penfriends D．Simon has two classes with 52 students in total 3．You may see the information above ________. A．in a film B．on a website C．in a play D．on a map 8 Cathy was a special girl. She liked playing football with the boys in her class. But she never liked to do what other girls did. Cathy was welcome among (在……中) the boys in her class because she played football better than many of them. However, Cathy’s girl friends began to stay away from her. Cathy felt not happy and she didn’t understand why. One morning, on her way to school, Cathy saw her friend Karen and decided to talk to her. “Karen, why don’t you want me to be your friend any more?” asked Cathy. “You play football with boys. It makes you look like a boy,” said Karen. Cathy was kind of angry. She said, “I play with the boys because I like the sport. But I also like to play with you and that should not be a problem.” Days passed. One afternoon, Cathy was playing football with some boys when Karen came to her. “Cathy, I thought over what you said these days. You’re right. I should respect (尊重) your hobby. I’m sorry,” Karen said. Cathy’s friend learned to respect her hobby and understood that there is no sport just for girls or boys. We can do the sport as long as (只要) we like it. 1．What can we know about Cathy? A．She didn’t like playing with girls. B．She was good at playing football. C．She liked to do what other girls did. D．She was welcome among the girls. 2．Cathy felt ________ when her girl friends began to stay away from her. A．sad B．calm C．happy D．excited 3．Karen didn’t want to be Cathy’s friend any more because ________. A．Karen didn’t like Cathy’s other friends B．Karen thought playing football with boys made Cathy look like a boy C．Cathy didn’t respect Karen’s hobby D．Cathy’s friends didn’t like Karen 4．How did Karen tell Cathy that she was sorry? A．By buying a football for Cathy. B．By writing Cathy a letter. C．By talking to Cathy in person. D．By playing football with Cathy. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．Don’t Be Special B．Play Sports Just for Girls C．Say Sorry First D．Respect Others’ Hobby 9 Everyone needs friends. As the old saying goes, “Friendship is one mind in two bodies.” But how can you find a real friendship and keep it? The Care and Keeping of Friends written by American author Nadine Bernard Westcott tells young students some smart ways to find friends. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should do his or her best to help you. To make friends, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives. But things cannot always be happy. Even best friends have fights. What should you do when you have a fight with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, you can have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk with you, you may write a letter. Nadine says there are three steps about being friends again: tell him or her how you are feeling, say what yo have done wrong, and explain why you did this or that. The book also gives advice on some small but important things like celebrating your friend’s success. Even if you haven’t had a real friend before, you will start to think about having one if you read this book, because the book tells that friendship is the most important thing in your life. 1．A good friend should ________. A．have a lot of money B．be good-looking C．be kind and patient D．be successful 2．You can take ________ steps to fix a broken friendship. A．2 B．3 C．4 D．5 3．What can’t you do if your good friend has done wrong? A．Write a letter to him or her. B．Have an honest talk with him or her. C．Tell him or her how you feel. D．Have a fight with him or her. 4．The writer of the passage really wants to tell us ________. A．life is great if you have friends B．an old saying C．Nadine is an American writer D．what makes a good friend 10 Hello! I’m Lara and I’m American. I’m 9 years old. Sophie is my best friend. She’s 34 years old. Her hair is fair (好看的) and her eyes are green. She’s beautiful and she’s my mum! Sometimes I do stupid (愚蠢的) things, but she says, “It’s OK, it doesn’t matter (没关系).” Is your mum your best friend? Lara Hi! I’m Errol and I’m 11 years old. I’m from Canada. My best friends are Tom and Jack. They are brothers and they’re 10 and 11 years old. They’ re cool! The brothers’ hair is brown. Jack is together with me in Class 3A at school. Tom is very clever, and Jack is very funny. Their birthday’s are on the same day—8th February! Who is your best friend? Write me an e-mail soon! Errol 1．Where is Lara from? A．Canada. B．England. C．Australia. D．America. 2．What’s the relationship (关系) between Sophie and Lara? A．Sisters. B．Student and teacher. C．Classmates. D．Mother and daughter. 3．What’s Sophie like? A．She’s stupid. B．She is funny. C．She is clever. D．She is kind. 4．Which of the following is True (正确的) to Errol? A．He is 10 years old. B．He is in Class 3A． C．His birthday is on 8th February D．He has two brothers. 5．What are the two e-mails talking about? A．The sweet families. B．The best friends. C．The different countries. D．The new schools. 11 What is a good friend like？ Molly I think a good friend likes to do the same things as me. Jack is my best friend. We both like to play the guitar after class. Holly For me, a good friend makes me laugh. He or she likes to talk about something interesting and funny. Maria I think a good friend should be a good listener, and he or she should keep secrets (秘密) for me—that’s more important for me. Sally In my opinion, a good friend should have cool clothes and he or she is popular in school. He or she should be good at sports, because I like doing sports. Toby As we are students, I think a good friend should be good at schoolwork. Then we can help each other and learn from each other. Jim I think good friends should help each other. When I am in trouble, Kelly always helps me. 1．Who can be Holly’s friend? A．Someone who is very quiet. B．Someone who likes to talk about interesting things. C．Someone who is good at schoolwork. D．Someone who is very cool and popular. 2．Who wants his or her friends to do well in their schoolwork? A．Molly B．Toby C．Jim D．Sally 3．What does Jack like? A．Playing the guitar. B．Sports. C．Making others laugh. D．Schoolwork. 4．Whose friend is Kelly? A．Jim’s B．Toby’s C．Sally’s D．Molly’s 5．When Jim is in trouble, __________ always helps him. A．Jack B．Toby C．Kelly D．Maria 12 Do you have true friends? Do you want to know better between you and your friends? There are three different kinds of friends: “pest friends”, “guest friends”, and “best friends”. The first kind of friends is simply an acquaintance. All you usually know about them is their names. You may meet this kind of friends at school, at work, or on the bus, but you don’t miss them when they’re not around. When this kind of friends does something bad, you don’t tell them. That is why they are called “pest friends”. The second kind of friends could also be called “social partners”. They are closer than acquaintances, but not as close as true friends. You know their names, a little of what they like or dislike, and a little of their family histories. You usually have a few things in common, but you don’t talk about anything deep, such as your wishes or fears, and they don’t open up to you how they really feel. The last kind of friends, the “best friend”, is the one you know the deepest. You’re like family, and know everything about each other. You have no problem staying at each other’s houses, and you share your deepest feelings and thoughts. They will correct you when you’re wrong. Sometimes they may not be perfect, but at least they will always care about you, and never do anything on purpose (故意地) to hurt you. We all have our pest, guest, and best friends. We should value all friendships and remember, all best friends start out as just acquaintances. 1．What does the underlined word “acquaintances” in Paragraph 1 mean in Chinese? A．同学 B．熟人 C．邻居 D．同事 2．If you and John are neighbors and classmates, and do things together, but don’t share your feelings, you are “________”. A．pest friends B．guest friends C．best friends D．true friends 3．The fourth paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to make a best friend B．how to learn from your best friends C．what a best friend is D．a best friend can correct you when you are wrong 4．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．pest friends are more important than guest friends B．we miss our best friends when we’re not with them C．a best friend hardly does anything bad to you on purpose D．a pest friend will never become your best friend 13 Wang Xiaojun, 49, has a small hotel in Pingyao, a county in Shanxi. She opened it in 2002. This January, Wang got an e- mail from her friend Bernard Frigara in France. “I just want to tell you how much I miss Pingyao, you and your family. I love to walk around Pingyao and ride a bicycle there...” the 75-year-old artist wrote in the e-mail. When Grigara first visited Pingyao in 2004, he stayed in Wang’s hotel. In less than 20 years, Frigara went to Pingyao six times, and he stayed in Wang’s hotel every time, for one or two months at a time. Wang and her family showed Frigara around Pingyao, washed clothes for him and celebrated (庆祝) his birthday. Once when Frigara didn’t feel well, Wang took him to hospital. He wrote in his diary that he stayed in a wonderful hotel and that he felt at home there. Also, Frigara taught Wang French and bought gifts for her children. Wang described her French friend as a kind and helpful man. Not long ago, Wang wrote a story between Frigara and her family named Waiting for you, my friend. “He’ll come to Pingyao again in the spring of 2024,” she said. 1．What do we know about Bermard Frigara? A．He’s an artist. B．He lives in Pingyao. C．He has a small hotel. D．He’s 49 years old. 2．How many times did Frigara go to the hotel? A．Once. B．Twice. C．Six times. D．Twenty times. 3．What did Wang do for Frigara? ①She bought him gifts.         ②She washed clothes for him. ③She drew pictures for him.         ④She celebrated his birthday. A．①② B．②③ C．①④ D．②④ 14 Study has shown that when we volunteer—when we give our time and try to help others—we also benefit (受益) ourselves. Our happiness grows. We feel better about our lives. We even have more energy and new ideas. In short, we end up having more to give. I noticed some not-so-good things about my friends. Sometimes, they get into the habit of gossiping (八卦) about others. They will always complain (埋怨) about their bosses or co-workers. It seems as if they get caught in this circle of complaining, and their bad mood bothers (困扰) them in other parts of their life. When this happens, they become uninterested in new events or become worried by their workmates or things that happen at work. At the same time, I also found other friends go out of their way to help someone on their team or to help out on new work that had very little or even nothing to do with their main work. It seems like they won’t get anything in return, but in fact, my friends benefit from these communications. My friends have told me about the stronger relationships they’ve built at work and the fun they’ve had working on new and interesting work. They’ve told me about how the people they helped before have helped them back later on. Not only that, but they have even talked about times when their boss say something nice about them for their work or when they were told early about new work that was coming soon. We often think that when we help someone else, we aren’t doing anything for ourselves. But we actually often end up getting back just as much as we give. When we step into helping someone, we often turn out to be helping ourselves, as well. 1．What could be the result if people always complain about others? A．Be uninterested in new events. B．Be interested in new events. C．Be happy with their co-workers. D．Gossip about others at work. 2．What do the writer’s friends get when they help others at work? A．They feel more bothered by coworkers and complain often. B．They build stronger friendships and enjoy new work. C．They lose interest in future tasks and feel bored. D．They get nothing in return from helping others. 3．According to the passage, which statement is TRUE? A．Volunteering only benefits the people being helped, not the volunteers themselves. B．The writer’s friends who gossip and complain a lot feel more creative and happier. C．When people volunteer, they often feel happier and more pleased with their lives. D．Helping others is a waste of time because it doesn’t bring any personal benefits. 4．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Helping others wastes time and makes people tired. B．Helping others also benefits ourselves greatly. C．Helping others lets you join new work sooner. D．Complaining at work makes people lose friends. ( 1 / 1 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$