Units1-u8语法复习课件2024-2025学年沪教牛津版八年级英语下册

u1 动词不定式 choose hope offer want decide learn plan wish + to do sth 用法1：不定式作宾语 补充词： forget / need / try / like / agree / help / begin / start / ask / expect / promise等 } 例：I don't know what to do .(做什么) how to do it. (怎么做) (去哪里) (何时离开) (选择哪个) We can use question words + to + infinitives after decide, know, learn and remember. Do you know how to help disabled children? Things to remember 疑问词+to do sth Where to go When to leave Which one to choose Annie taught Tim to sing beautiful songs. We want them to be happy. 用法2：不定式作宾语补足语 v + 宾语 +to do sth 常见词： tell / ask / want / allow / wish / invite / encourage等 + 宾语+to do sth 有些动词后用不带to的不定式, 例如 let 和make. Mum made me go to bed early. I will let him go with us. Things to remember “使，让”——let， make， have “看”——watch, see “听”——hear, listen to “感”——feel +宾语+do sth } Cindy used a brush to paints a picture of a park. They went to the hospital to help the sick children. 用法3：不定式作目的状语 v +to do sth 翻译为“为了” 动词不定式作主语 用法4 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词为单数。 当不定式较长，用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语置于句末。 To learn English is important. To walk to school takes me 20 minutes. To do sth is... = It is adj. to do sth. u2 动名词 Gerunds 动名词 一、定义： 动名词是非谓语动词的一种，即在动词后加上-ing。 动名词相当于名词，表示动作或者活动。 基本形式: 动词+ing 否定形式: not doing 二、动名词的构成 1. 直接加ing 2. 以元辅结尾：双写末尾辅音，加ing 3. 以不发音的e结尾：去e, 加-ing 4. 以ie结尾：去e为y, 加-ing hold-holding begin-beginning dance-dancing lie-lying，die-dying 动名词通常不可数，前面无a/an. 动名词可以有自己的宾语。 例句：Debbie loves reading poems. 1. 动名词做主语 Smiling shows that you are happy. Ballet training usually starts at an early age. Dancing is her favourite hobby. 动名词做主语，谓语动词为单数。 三、 2. 动名词作宾语 例句. Debbie enjoys smiling and always looks friendly. enjoy imagine practise finish mind（介意） 补充词：give up, keep, miss, like/love 注：介词后+ing. Debbie is good at communicating with people. I am looking forward to going to Beijing. Things to remember 补充： look forward to doing instead of doing succeed in doing have fun (in) doing feel like doing想要做 be busy (in) doing忙于做 spend..(in) doing have difficulty (in) doing be interested (in) doing think of doing考虑做 u3 被动语态（一） Presentation 2. 被动语态：主语被怎么了...（“被”字句） The door was opened (by me). 1. 主动语态：主语怎么了...（“把”字句） 动词语态 I opened the door. 被动语态基本结构：be + done. 被动语态的变化口诀 主变宾，宾变主， 谓变be done时不变， 数格必须随着变。 S+am/is/are (not)+done. S+was/were (not)+done. S+will be (not)+done. S+am/is/are going to be(not)+done. 一般现在时的被动语态： 一般过去时的被动语态： 一般将来时的被动语态： 强调主语“被谁”怎么了，在句末+by某人 被动语态 知识点复习 u4 被动语态（二） 一、含有情态动词的被动语态 U4语法 (not)+be done S+ 含有情态动词的被动语态 (肯定句和否定句) 应该被... 可以被... 必须被... 可以/可能被... 可以被... 含有情态动词的被动语态 (疑问句) 情态动词+S+be done? Yes,S+情./No,S+情+not. 特殊疑问词+情态动词+S+be+done？ 含有must的特殊情况 Must+S+be done? Yes, S+must. No, S+need’t. No, S+don’t/doesn’t have to. 主要情态动词：can, may, must, should, could, would U4语法 二、现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的标志词：already, yet, ever, never, since+时间, for+时间段, just, so far, several times 现在完成时被动语态-句型结构 S+have/has been done. Have/Has+S+been done? Yes,S+have/has. No,S+have/has+not. 特殊疑问词+have/has+S+been+done？ u5 It is + adj+ for/of + n/pron +to do句型 A It is + adj + for + n/pro + to do 描述事 C It is + adj + of + n/pro + to do 描述人 句型： ①It is adj (for + sb/pron) to do sth. ②It is adj of + sb/pron to do sth. (1)It's not difficult for pandas to climb trees. (2)It's cruel of people to kill pandas for their fur. (3)It's important for us to protect pandas. (4)It's kind of us to save endangered animals. 强调事 强调人 对某人来说，做...是怎么样的 做某事，某人是...样的 It is important for us to protect giant pandas. 例如： It is important for us to plant more trees. =To plant more trees is important for us. 作形式主语 不定式是 真正的主语 difficult convenient strange important impossible possible necessary easy /hard useful 表示事物性质的形容词 P71 困难的 方便的 奇怪的 重要的 不可能的 可能的 必要的 容易/困难的 有用的 用于句型：It is + adj + for + n/pro + to do sth. bad foolishsilly kind/friendly clever/ intelligent good/nice wrong polite impolite/rude honest brave hardworking patient 表示人的性格、品质等的形容词： P73 坏的 愚蠢的 善良的/友好的 聪明的 好的 好的 错误的 礼貌的 诚实的 勇敢的 勤奋的 耐心的 不礼貌的 用于句型：It is + adj + of + n/pro + to do sth. B adj + enough + to + do 足够去做某事 They are strong enough to protect themselves. adj + enough to do sth 足够...去做某事 1) 你足够高去碰到它。 2) 它足够小，可以放进你的口袋。 3) 他足够强壮搬动那个很重的箱子。 You are tall enough to reach it. It is small enough to put in your pocket. He is strong enough to carry that heavy box. P72 Things to remember not…enough to = too…to 不够...做... 太...以至于不能做... The baby panda is not old enough to cat bamboo. = The baby panda is too young to eat bamboo. 1. Jack is too young to dress himself. = Jack is not _______ _______to dress himself. 2. The box is too heavy to carry. = The box isn't ______ _______to carry. old enough light enough 【练习】 P72 u6 副词 副词定义 副词用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，在句中表示行为或状态特征，充当状语。 副词的构成 构成 举例 quick→quickly, careful→carefully easy→easily, heavy→heavily terrible→terribly, gentle→gently full→fully true-truly adj后直接加ly 以辅y结尾的adj：改y为i加-ly 以辅le结尾的adj：变e为y 以ll结尾的adj：加y 以元e结尾的adj：变 e为 ly A Using adverbs with verbs 用副词修饰动词 （1）adv修饰动词 一、adv（副词）的定义及用法 A dog will love you faithfully. The cat is sleeping peacefully. The girl is talking with her mum happily. P87 表示“……地” （2）adv修饰形容词 P87 Dogs are really cute. It was a really exciting trip. It is too hot today. You look very beautiful. P87 He does something very well. She works very hard. （3）adv修饰其他副词 Luckily, she didn't go to the park. P87 （4）adv修饰整个句子 · hard, fast, late These adverbs have the same form as adjectives.形副同形 He is a hard worker. He works hard. She is a fast runner. She can run fast. Do you like late dinners? No, I do not like to eat late. · good, well Good is an adjective; well is an adverb. Is she a good singer? Yes, she sings well. Things to remember P87 注意 hard 作形容词时，意为”坚硬的，努力的” 作副词时意为“努力地” 而hardly不是hard的副词形式！ B The comparative and superlative of adverbs 副词的比较级和最高级 副词的比较级和最高级 1. We can take care of pet dogs more easily in large open spaces than in small spaces. 2. Of all her friends, Emma looked after her pet dog (the) most carefully. 用副词来比较某事时怎样发生的或被做的。 副词比较级/最高级的构成规则： 副词adv 比较级 最高级 quickly slowly more quickly more slowly (the) most quickly (the) most slowly hard fast late harder faster later (the) hardest (the) fastest (the) latest 1. 多音节副词 2. 单音节副词 3. 以e结尾的副词 bad many badly much far— farther/ further— farthest/ furthest well— better—best little— less— least Things to remember 表示程度上的更进一步 补充：old-older/elder-oldest/eldest — worse— worst — more—most 比较级前面可以用much, a little, even, still, a lot 等词修饰。 例. He works much harder than his sister. 最高级表示“...之中”，用in, of, among. 例. He works (the) hardest in his class. u7 原因状语从句 状语从句复习 状语从句定义 副词充当状语，修饰v/adj/adv或整个句子。 当状语为句子时叫做状语从句，用来表示时间、地点、原因、结果等。 条件状语从句复习 连接词：if（如果）， unless（除非） 例句： If you work hard, you will be succcessful. =You will be succcessful if you work hard. 时间状语从句复习 连接词：when, while, after, before, as soon as, until 例句： When we arrived, the sky went dark. =The sky went dark when we arrived. 一...就 Unit6 语法 A 原因状语从句 原因状语从句定义 当状语为句子叫做状语从句，表示原因的状语从句叫做原因状语从句。 Unit6 原因状语从句 连接词：because, since, as 因为，由于 因为，由于 既然 原因状从 主句 Because no one else saw these aliens, I refuse to believe you. As Since 句型1：原因状从，主句. Things to remember 当原因状从在句首时，后接逗号(,). 主句 原因状从 I refuse to believe you because no one else saw these aliens. as since 句型2：主句+原因状从. 语气强弱：because﹥ since﹥ as because用于回答why引导的疑问句 since译为“既然” 这些连词都不和so连用。 注意： Unit6 语法 B because of Because of例句 Tim didn’t go to school yesterday because he was ill. Tim didn’t go to school yesterday because of his illness. They went to the forest because of their curiosity. Tina woke up at midnight because of a loud noise. She decided to explore the forest because of it. because+句子 because of +n/短语 u8 过去进行时 定义：表示过去某个特定的时间正在发生的动作。 过去进行时: 句型1：肯定句/否定句 S+was/were (not) +doing... 66 句型2：一般疑问句 Was/Were +S+doing...? Yes, S+was/were. No, S+was/were not. 67 句型3：特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+was/were +S+doing...? 例句. What was he doing at 7 last night? 68 过去进行时-标志词 时间点 1. at that time/moment 2. (at)this time +过去的时间 例: at this time last Sunday 3. at+几点+过去的时间 例: at 7:00 last Friday night 4. when /while时间状从 时间段 1. from A时刻 to B 时刻 +过去的时间 例: from 7 p.m. to 9 p.m. yesterday 2. the whole morning/afternoon yesterday 等类似表达 我们也可用过去进行谈论过去同时发生的两个动作。 While I was driving my old car. I was polluting the city. 通常用while谈论过去两个持续进行的动作。 while后接进行时 一般过去时和过去进行时的区别 一般过去时 过去进行时 定义 过去某时间发生的动作，动作已完成 过去某时间点或某短时间正在进行的动作 结构 S+v过. S+was/were+doing... 标志词 last night/week/month/year yesterday，just now the day before yesterday ten days ago in+过去的年份 at the age of+数字 at that time/moment at）this time +过去的时间 at+几点+过去的时间 when /while时间状从 from A时刻 to B 时刻 +过去的时间 $$