精品解析：2025届北京市八一学校高三下学期考前适应性练习英语试题

北京市八一学校2024~2025学年度第二学期考前适应性练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ___1___ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone. But in my hotel room I felt ___2___ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost? Hence, I decided to ___3___ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in snoek. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ___4___ bikers. Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ___5___ in my throat. Was I at the right theatre? Had I misread the date of the event? I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ film, I muttered a prayer to ___7___ my anxieties. A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band's performance soon ___8___ all my worries from my mind and I began to relax. After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (护送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ___9___ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ___10___ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life. 1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint 2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless 3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend 4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking 5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped 6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. constructing 7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten 8. A. took away B. picked up C. brought about D. tore down 9. A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar 10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者某次在芝加哥参加工作培训时，勇于走出酒店，去看了一部电影，并有了一次非常美好的体验。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有一个同事能为我挤出时间。A. occupy占据；B. squeeze挤压；C. search搜索；D. appoint任命。根据后文“I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone.(我害怕在晚上独自一人在街上闲逛)”以及上文however表示转折，说明没有同事能挤出时间陪作者去看电影。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但在我的酒店房间里，我感到坐立难安和无聊。A. graceless粗野的；B. careless马虎的；C. restless坐立难安的；D. tireless不知疲倦的。根据后文“The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost?(剧院离旅馆只有五个街区远。我怎么会迷路呢？)”可知，作者想去看电影，所以在酒店感到坐立难安和无聊。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，我决定勇敢地去做。A. brave勇敢面对；B. desert抛弃；C. forget忘记；D. attend参加。根据上文“The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost?(剧院离旅馆只有五个街区远。我怎么会迷路呢？)”可知，作者对自己很自信，决定勇敢去看电影。故选A。 【4题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：街上到处都是骑自行车的人——很多块头很大，看起来很凶。A. well-behaved行为端正的；B. hard-working努力工作地；C. casually-dressed穿着随意；D. tough-looking外表强硬的。根据上文“The street was full of bikers — lots of very big”可知，骑自行车的人很多块头很大，外表强悍，看起来很凶。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：警铃开始响起，我的心都跳到嗓子眼儿了。A. beat打败；B. sank下沉；C. stopped停止；D. jumped跳跃。根据上文“my heart”以及后文“in my throat”指作者心跳很快，后文“heart racing”也是提示。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心怦怦直跳，期待着看电影，我低声祈祷，以抑制我的焦虑。A. accomplishing实现；B. watching观看；C. anticipating预期；D. constructing构造。根据后文“film”以及上文作者想来看这场电影，所以指坐在剧院里，期待着电影。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在那里，心怦怦直跳，期待着看电影，我低声祈祷，以抑制我的焦虑。A. contain抑制；B. comfort安慰；C. strengthen加强；D. tighten变紧。根据上文“I muttered a prayer to”可知，作者通过祈祷来抑制自己的焦虑情绪。故选A。 8题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：对乐队表演的热情很快带走了我所有的烦恼，我开始放松下来。A. took away带走；B. picked up捡起；C. brought about引起；D. tore down拆除。根据后文“all my worries from my mind and I began to relax”可知，热情带走了作者的烦恼，作者开始放松。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在那一刻，我被一种联系所打动，这种联系把这么多原本截然不同的人吸引到同一个地方。A. natural自然的；B. cooperative合作的；C. distinct不同的；D. similar相似的。根据上文“After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted dogs from New Jersey to Chicago.(乐队结束后，电影开始了，在与工作人员交谈后，我明白了骑自行车的人的存在。作为动物救援组织的一员，他们护送狗从新泽西到芝加哥)”可知，这些人护送狗从新泽西到芝加哥，所以是指把不同的人吸引到了同一个地方。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一直呆到最后，平安无事地到达了我的酒店，我很高兴我突破了我过去为自己设定的界限，进入了未知的世界。A. definition定义；B. imagination想象力；C. circulation销售量；D. boundary边界。根据后文“I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown”可知，作者进入了未知的世界，突破了界限。故选D。 第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only ____11____ (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she ____12____ (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem ____13____ (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. 【答案】11. to discover 12. had placed 13. has been resolved 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位澳大利亚女士下班后回家发现家中有一只考拉，最终联系保护公园将其安全放生的故事。 【11题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。此处为固定结构only to do sth.，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：陌生人挥舞着她之前放在家里的杆子，就像在表演钢管舞。此处为谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语before可知，place的动作发生在谓语动词was之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had +过去分词”。故填had placed。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：尽管这个问题现在已经解决了，但它确实凸显了一个事实：随着人类住宅建设的增加，野生动物的自然栖息地正在减少。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语by now可知，此处应用现在完成时；problem与resolve为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为单数。故填has been resolved。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study ____14____ intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate. They demanded a highly aesthetic space, ____15____ (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated ____16____ disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. Besides the well-known “four treasures of the study” — ink brushes, ink cakes, ink stones and paper — the study is also enriched with other ____17____ (object) like engraved seals, brush holders, incense burners and musical instruments. 【答案】14. where 15. decorated 16. from 17. objects 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“文房”的含义，即古代文人可以独自享受宁静时刻以积累文化和冥想的书房，还提到书房需要有美观的装饰和各种文具器物。 【14题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：“文房”指的是古代文人可以独自享受宁静时刻以积累文化和冥想的书房。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是a reading room or a study，关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们需要一个极具美感的空间，用精美的文具装饰，这样他们即使是短暂的时间也能远离纷扰的事务。此处修饰名词space，decorate与逻辑主语space之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填decorated。 【16题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们需要一个极具美感的空间，用精美的文具装饰，这样他们即使是短暂的时间也能远离纷扰的事务。固定短语be isolated from“与……隔绝，远离”。故填from。 【17题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：除了著名的“文房四宝”——毛笔、墨锭、砚台和纸张——书房里还摆满了其他物品，如印章、笔架、香炉和乐器。object“物品”，可数名词，有other修饰，应用复数形式。故填objects。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Here are some ways for you to fight against anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop ____18____ (try) to contain your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know____19____you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become ____20____ (calm) and less violent. 【答案】18. trying 19. why 20. calmer 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些对抗愤怒的方法。 【18题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：其次，别再试图压抑自己的愤怒了。stop doing sth.表示“停止做某事”，此处指停止试图压抑愤怒，符合语境。故填trying。 【19题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：一旦你明白了自己为何会生气，就有可能找到解决问题的办法。最后，切勿选择逃避的方式。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故填why。 【20题详解】 考查比较级。句意：通过学会控制情绪，你就能变得更为冷静，也更少表现出暴力行为。根据后文less violent可知为比较级。故填calmer。 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Wildlife conservation initiatives offer a meaningful way for individuals to actively participate in the protection of endangered species while gaining insights into how they can contribute to their preservation. For those passionate about wildlife, several programs present opportunities for involvement: ◆ Animal Rescue Project, South Africa: Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. The project involves an animal hospital equipped to cater to their medical needs and an adoption center dedicated to finding them permanent homes. Due to financial constraints, the center relies heavily on volunteers to handle daily tasks and provide hands-on care for these animals. ◆ Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka: Witnessing a decline in sea turtle populations due to various commercial activities, this project focuses on supporting hatcheries(孵化场) in their conservation efforts. Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance.Your participation not only aids in providing financial support to these hatcheries but also contributes to the sustainability of sea turtle populations. ◆ Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia: Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. This program also serves as an excellent opportunity to make a meaningful contribution while fostering connections with like-minded individuals from across the globe. ◆ Marine Conservation Program, Bali: Set in Tianyar, where coral reef degradation threatens the ecosystem, this initiative aims to restore and conserve the reef to ensure a sustainable future for the local community and marine life. 21. What is the primary objective of the Animal Rescue Project in South Africa? A. To provide medical care for injured wildlife. B. To conduct research on endangered species. C. To organize volunteer activities in Cape Town. D. To rehabilitate and rehome stray dogs and cats. 22. How does participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka contribute to the preservation of sea turtle populations? A. By organizing awareness campaigns about marine conservation. B. By establishing new habitats for sea turtles. C. By providing financial support to local hatcheries. D. By regulating commercial fishing activities. 23. What makes the Wildlife Conservation Program in Australia an attractive opportunity for participants? A. The chance to explore the cultural heritage of Australia. B. The opportunity to engage in international work experience. C. The availability of luxurious accommodations for volunteers. D. The focus on research projects studying various animal species. 【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了全球各地的动物保护项目，包括南非的动物救援项目、斯里兰卡的海龟保护项目以及澳大利亚的野生动物保护项目。这些项目旨在通过各种方式保护和帮助当地的动物种群，例如帮助流浪狗和猫找到新家、支持海龟孵化场的保护工作并提供经济支持，以及为参与者提供国际工作经验的机会。这些项目不仅有助于保护动物，还为参与者提供了参与和支持动物保护事业的平台和机会。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据Animal Rescue Project, South Africa中“Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. (与开普敦经验丰富的自然资源保护者一起，解决为无家可归的狗和猫寻找新家的挑战。)”可知，南非的动物救援项目的目标是帮助流浪狗和猫得到庇护和再次安置。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka中“Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance. (参与斯里兰卡的海龟保护项目支持孵化场的保护工作，包括提供财政援助。)”可知，参与斯里兰卡的海龟保护项目是通过为当地孵化场提供经济支持为保护海龟做贡献的。故选C。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia中“Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. (让自己沉浸在动物护理、设施维护和丰富任务等活动中，为获得第一手的国际工作经验提供了一个难以置信的机会。)”可知，该项目为参与者提供获得国际工作经验的机会。故选B。 B THE OLD FISHERMAN Our house was directly across a popular hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man, his face lopsided from swelling, red and raw. He told me he’d been hunting for a room since noon but he had no success. “I guess it’s my face. I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments…” For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep in this rocking chair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I told him we would find him a bed, but to rest on the porch. It didn’t take a long time to see that this old man had an oversized heart crowded into that tiny body. He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury. He didn’t tell it by way of complaint. He was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease. At bedtime, we put a camp cot in the children’s room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. Before he left for his bus, haltingly, he said, “Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a treatment? I can sleep fine in a chair.” He paused a moment and then added, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again. In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. When I received these little remembrances, I often thought of a comment our next-door neighbor made after he left that first morning. “You can lose roomers by putting up such people!” Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But oh! If only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude. 24. When the old fisherman stayed overnight, the author’s children ________________. A. were bothered B. were terrified C. felt normal D. felt at home 25. Which of the following statement is true about the fisherman? A. He is both tall and strong. B. He has five grandchildren. C. He is pessimistic about life. D. He suffers from a back injury. 26. The old fisherman gave the author fishes and oysters because he________. A. wanted the author to buy them. B. wanted to pay the rent with them. C. had fished too many fishes and oysters. D. wanted to show his thankfulness to the author. 27. What can we learn from the story? A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Little strokes fell great oaks. C. Stay positive, stay grateful. D. Honesty is the best policy. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【解析】 【分析】本文为记叙文。本文讲述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒绝的求宿老人遇到热心的作者和家人容留心存感念。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段老人的一番话…Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.（你的孩子们使我感到宾至如归。大人会为我的脸烦恼，但孩子们似乎并不介意。）可推断，作者的孩子们没有因为其相貌丑陋而拒绝他，因此，他们抱着平常心态对待老人，故选C。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury.（他告诉我，他以捕鱼为生，以养活他的女儿、她的五个孩子和因背部受伤而残废的丈夫。）可知，老人有五个外孙，故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again.（“你的孩子们使我感到宾至如归。大人会为我的脸烦恼，但孩子们似乎并不介意。”我告诉他欢迎他再来。）和第四段In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden.（多年来，他来我们这里过夜。他从来没有一次不给我们送来他园子里的鱼、牡蛎或蔬菜。）可知，因为作者的收留，让他感激因而每次来都送给作者鱼和牡蛎，故选D。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。本文讲述了一位相貌丑陋多次遭人拒绝的求宿老人遇到热心的作者和家人容留心存感念，作者在最后一段发出感慨I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude（我知道，我们一家人会永远感激能认识他;从他那里，我们学会了毫无怨言地接受不好的东西，心怀感激地接受好的东西），故可知，选项A . Never judge a book by its cover.（不要以貌取人）符合题意，故选A。 C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飞蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says. 28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________. A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious. 30. It can be learnt from the research that ________. A. greenhouse effects can be avoided B. soil condition can be adjusted in time C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster D. insects can be detected and removed easily 【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了近年来研究发现植物具备感知能力，但人们通常仍认为它们是“沉默”的。最新研究首次记录到植物在受到胁迫时会发出人类听不到的超声波“哭泣”，这一发现可能为精准农业开辟新方向。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“On average, drought - stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11.( 受干旱胁迫的番茄植株平均每小时发出35个声音，而烟草植株每小时发出11个声音)”可知，缺水（干旱胁迫）时番茄植株每小时发出35个声音，烟草植株每小时发出11个声音。这表明缺水的番茄植株比烟草植株对缺水这种压力更敏感，发出更多声音。故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation.( 如果在田间情况下设置录音的成本不太高，那么将干旱胁迫植物发出的声音用于精准农业的建议似乎是可行的)”和最后一段“She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says.(她警告说，目前这些结果还无法推广到其他胁迫因素，比如盐分或温度，因为这些因素可能不会导致植物发出声音。此外，她表示，目前还没有实验表明飞蛾或任何其他动物能否听到植物发出的声音并作出反应，因此这一观点目前仍属于推测性的)”可知，她既认可该发现有一定可行性，又指出了存在的问题，态度是谨慎的。故选D项。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants' sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency.( 甚至可以通过区分声音来知道重音是什么。研究人员训练了一个机器学习模型来区分植物的声音和温室里的风、雨和其他噪音，在大多数情况下，根据声音的强度和频率，正确识别出压力是由干燥还是割伤引起的)”可知，通过声音能够区分植物所受的压力，比如是干旱还是割伤造成的。这意味着可以更快地诊断植物的状况。故选C项。 D In 1979, Archie Cochrane published an essay condemning his fellow doctors. “It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” The idea of “organizing a critical summary” may seem unworthy of Cochrane, yet he had struck at the heart of the matter. The basic building block of evidence in medicine is the randomized trial, as Cochrane understood. But some trials are flawed (有错误的), others may have vanished from the academic record, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hoped-for results. Even when trials are reported, the most robust evidence comes from synthesizing (合成) them. Proper synthesis can turn inconclusive trials into a conclusive result, yet to turn those trials into a structured body of knowledge takes work. In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers founded Cochrane, a non-profit now listing over 9,000 systematic reviews. But in fields like education or policing, the picture is less rosy. Education is arguably of comparable importance to health for any government. Yet, the UK government spends 18 times as much on research into health than it does on research into education — or, to put it another way, education research is underfunded by a factor of 10. If anything, that paints too optimistic a picture of research into social policy, because other countries spend even less. And, perhaps, education research is probably the best of the rest when it comes to research funding. The Campbell Collaboration, which aims to do for social policy what Cochrane does for medicine, boasts just 231 systematic reviews — reflecting that social policy research enjoys a fraction of the money and attention lavished on medicine. More than a lack of spending, there’s a reluctance to support the infrastructure of systematic reviews, or to fund their updates into “living evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (International Initiative for Impact Evaluation), admired for its Development Evidence Portal (门户网站), which struggles for steady funding. The portal could run for a year at less cost than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public goods tend by their nature to be underfunded.” On the bright side, more than £50mn of funding for evidence synthesis was recently announced. This modest funding could significantly contribute to building an “evidence bank” for policymakers. Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. Researchers focus on specific interventions, while policymakers address broader problems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer policymaker questions. Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics. As Eleanor Chelimsky, one of the 20th century’s great policy evaluators explained, “I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known.” Dramatizing our ignorance is one of the most valuable things an evidence review can do. 31. What was Archie Cochrane’s major concern? A Doctors failed to put medical trials into summaries. B. Medical trials were too flawed to be published. C. Organizing medical summaries was seen as unworthy. D. Medical profession received widespread criticism. 32. What be inferred from the passage? A. Education is the top priority in research funding. B. Social policy research funding has increased significantly. C. Systematic reviews help make research funding more focused. D. The 3ie portal was underfunded due to poor effectiveness evaluation. 33. What does the underlined word “dramatize” in paragraph 8 mean? A. Call ... into question B. Bring attention to ... C. Make up for… D. Turn … into a scene 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A. Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key B. Will Gaps in Public Research Be Fixed C. What to Expect from Known Unknowns D. Who to Blame for Research Underfunding 【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讨论了Archie Cochrane对医学领域缺乏系统性综述的批评，以及系统性综述在医学、教育和社会政策等领域的重要性，强调了系统性综述对于缩小研究者与政策制定者之间差距的作用，并指出其对研究资金分配的积极影响。 【31题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中““It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” (‘这无疑是对我们职业的巨大批评，’他写道，‘我们没有按专业或亚专业定期组织对所有相关随机对照试验的批判性总结。’)”可知，Archie Cochrane的主要担忧是医生们没有将医学试验整理成批判性总结。故选A项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics. (此外，证据综合强调了“已知的未知” —— 研究中的空白可以通过有针对性的资金来填补，而不是对熟悉的话题进行更多的研究。)”可推知，系统性综述有助于使研究资金更加集中，填补研究空白，而不是盲目增加对熟悉话题的研究。故选C项。 【33题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known. (我希望，对于我们的立法用户来说，这种综合不仅能够dramatize实际上已知的东西，还能够dramatize未知的东西。)”可知，Eleanor Chelimsky希望这种综合不仅能够揭示实际上已知的东西，还能够揭示未知的东西，从而引起立法用户的注意，让他们意识到还有哪些领域需要进一步研究和投资，因此划线词dramatize应意为“引起对……的注意”。故选B项。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，本文主要讨论了Archie Cochrane对医学领域缺乏系统性综述的批评，以及系统性综述在医学、教育和社会政策等领域的重要性，强调了系统性综述对于缩小研究者与政策制定者之间差距的作用，并指出其对研究资金分配的积极影响，A项“Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key (为什么系统性综述是关键)”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A项。 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. ____35____ For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. ____36____ So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies. ___37___ And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry. A hundred years later new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. ____38____ From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation. Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. ____39____ A. It helps us understand who we are and how we are. B. Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it. C. Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why. D. And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world. E. Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader. F. It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life G. Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态). 【答案】35. C 36. D 37. B 38. G 39. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述的是文学及其批评的相关内容。 【35题详解】 空前“It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all.(它涉及伟大的作家，从莎士比亚到塞万提斯，以及文本。此外，文学提供了充满活力的表达形式，并要求我们接受新的思考世界的方式。它向我们展示了如何批判性地阅读，甚至问我们为什么要阅读和写作)”是对文学的概述，空格处也应该继续概述文学是什么，C选项“Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why.(最重要的是，它探讨了我们如何交流思想以及为什么)”是对文学的概述，承接上文，符合语境，故选C。 【36题详解】 空前“Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences.(说唱歌词、广告语言、我们最喜欢的电影、日记，甚至我们在社交媒体平台上不断更新的状态，都是分享想法和经历的冲动的产物)”列举了一些文学的形式，空格处应该对前面的几种文学形式进行评论，D选项“And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world.(每一种都为我们人类看待世界的方式提供了自己的见解)”说明了空前所举的文学形式为我们人类看待世界的方式提供了自己的见解，承接上文，符合语境，故选D。 【37题详解】 空后“And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry.(在19世纪之交，作家们自己也开始尝试用新的方式来看待文字。现代文学批评诞生于浪漫主义，如威廉·华兹华斯定义诗歌的思想)”说明了作家们开始理解文学，B选项“Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it.(因为文学是复杂的，我们需要解码它)”说明了要理解文学，引出后来作家们所采用的方法，符合语境，故选B。 【38题详解】 空前“A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it.(一百年后，新的思想流派出现了，他们试图理解文学产生的历史和文化背景。像特里·伊格尔顿这样的马克思主义文学评论家认为，文学不是独立于时代和文化的，而是时代和文化的产物)”说明了一些思想家的想法，空格处应该说另外一些思想家的想法，G选项“Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态).(其他思想家则关注身份认同，研究作者的自我意识是如何被社会的主流意识形态所产生的)”说明的是其他思想家的想法，承接上文，符合语境，故选G。 【39题详解】 空前“Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered.(文学批评挑战了我们思考世界的方式，以及世界应该如何秩序化)”说明了文学批评是什么，空格处也应该说文学批评的相关内容，A选项“It helps us understand who we are and how we are.(它帮助我们了解我们是谁，我们是怎样的)”中的it指代Literary criticism，说明了文学批评的好处，承接上文，符合语境，故选A。 第三部分：书面表达(共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A study published in the journal Organizational Behavior this month found that the same piece of work is judged more harshly if it is handed in late than if it is handed in on time. Procrastination is harmful, the study suggests, and it really does matter if you make the deadline. This news didn’t strike fear into my heart for a couple of reasons. First, it feels intuitive. Second, I am a punctual person. I meet the vast majority of my deadlines. But, for me, procrastination is integral to achieving that. My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing. Not time off from working, strictly, but time when I am just thinking. It looks like pure procrastination, it even feels like procrastination a lot of the time — but I am passionate in my defense that it isn’t quite. If I sit down to do a piece of work too soon it perversely (反常地) takes me longer and turns out worse overall. I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things. I don’t think writing is the only job for which this is true. I feel confident that any job that involves primarily mental rather than physical labour benefits from a certain amount of this semi-procrastination. That phrase “a certain amount”, though, is where things get interesting. Procrastination is less an art than an extreme sport. Some is genuinely productive, but too much will ruin your life. So, the right amount of procrastination — what exactly is that? I can’t help you here. It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校对). The other factor here is fear. Personally, I need to be genuinely afraid that I do not have enough time left to complete my work to a high standard in order to really get down to it. It’s not a perfect system. In some ways I wish the procrastination portion of my work process did not exist. Because it might work, broadly, but it often doesn’t feel good. I frequently fall prey to the worst of both worlds: not properly working, but not resting and allowing thoughts to flourish either, just sort of pickling and worrying and frittering around. But I would like my battle to continue to be how to procrastinate well, rather than how not to procrastinate at all. 40. What does the author include in their ideal working day as a writer? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the author need semi-procrastination? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. _______________________________________________________________ 43. Will you semi-procrastinate and why?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. His/her ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing. 41. He/She needs time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while he/ she does other things. 42. The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. It’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration. 43. As a senior high school student, I tend to semi-procrastinate because it allows me to think deeply about my assignments. This period of apparent inactivity often leads to clearer insights and better solutions when I finally start working. It’s not about avoiding work; it’s about giving my mind the space to incubate ideas before I tackle the task at hand. I choose not to semi-procrastinate. I believe in the importance of time management and discipline, which are crucial for success in both my academic and future endeavors. By starting tasks early, I can allocate sufficient time for thorough understanding and revision, ensuring that I meet deadlines and maintain high standards in my work. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本月《组织行为学》期刊研究显示迟交会让工作评价更严苛，但对作者而言，适当拖延是思考过程，利于脑力工作，不过需把控程度，其动力源于对时间不足的恐惧。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing.(作为一名作家，我理想的工作日包含一定量的无所事事的时间)”可知，作为一名作家，他/她的理想工作日包含一定量的无所事事的时间。故答案为His/ her ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things.(我需要给这项任务一些时间，在我不做其他事情的时候让它在幕后自行完善)”可知，作者需要适度拖延是因为他/她需要一些时间让任务在幕后逐渐成型，而在此期间他/她可以去做其他事情。故答案为He/ She needs time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while he/ she does other things. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校对).(这会因人而异、因任务而异。我自认为已经对拖延的时间把控得相当好了。但这种技巧需要进行仔细的监控和调整)”可知，错误部分为“set in stone”，这是一种需要仔细监控和重新调整的技术。故答案为The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. It’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“你会半途而废吗？为什么？”可回答：作为一名高中生，我倾向于半拖延，因为这能让我深入思考我的作业。这段看似无所事事的时期往往会在我最终开始工作时带来更清晰的见解和更好的解决方案。这不是逃避工作，而是给我的大脑留出空间，在着手处理手头的任务之前让想法充分酝酿。我不选择半拖延。我相信时间管理和自律对于我在学业和未来事业中的成功至关重要。通过尽早开始任务，我可以为深入理解和修订分配足够的时间，确保我能按时完成任务并保持高质量的工作标准。故答案为As a senior high school student, I tend to semi-procrastinate because it allows me to think deeply about my assignments. This period of apparent inactivity often leads to clearer insights and better solutions when I finally start working. It’s not about avoiding work; it’s about giving my mind the space to incubate ideas before I tackle the task at hand. I choose not to semi-procrastinate. I believe in the importance of time management and discipline, which are crucial for success in both my academic and future endeavors. By starting tasks early, I can allocate sufficient time for thorough understanding and revision, ensuring that I meet deadlines and maintain high standards in my work. 第二节 (共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim得知了中国最新入选的世界遗产，打算暑假来中国参观体验，请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐参观的世界遗产； 2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。 提示词：遗产 relic 注意：1. 词数100左右 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear that you’re planning a trip to China this summer to explore our latest UNESCO World Heritage Sites! Here are my top recommendations for you: First, the Quanzhou Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China (newly listed in 2024) is a must-visit. As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, offering a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history. You’ ll love its blend of Arab, Persian, and Chinese influences! Another highlight is the Imperial Kilns of Jingdezhen. Known as the “Porcelain Capital,” it reveals 1,000 years of ceramic artistry. You can even try pottery-making there — a perfect hands-on experience! If you prefer nature, the Migratory Bird Sanctuaries along the Yellow Sea (a 2025 addition) boast breathtaking wetlands. Summer is ideal for birdwatching, with rare species like red-crowned cranes. Let me know your interests so I can tailor more suggestions! Can’t wait to host you. Yours, Li Hua Dear Jim, I’m so glad to hear that you’re planning to visit China this summer! Since you’re interested in world heritage sites, I highly recommend that you visit the Quanzhou: Emporium of the World in Song-Yuan China, which was recently added to the World Heritage list. Quanzhou was a major maritime trade center during the Song and Yuan dynasties. You’ll find many historical relics there, such as ancient docks, temples, and stone carvings, which reflect the cultural exchange between China and other civilizations. It’s a great place to explore China's history, religion, and international trade over 700 years ago. Let me know if you need help planning your trip — I’d be happy to assist! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写一封邮件，推荐参观的世界遗产并就提出的建议简要说明理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 兴奋的：thrilled → excited 首先：first → to begin with 提供：offer → provide 更喜欢：prefer → have a preference for 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, offering a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history. 拓展句：As a key maritime trade hub, it showcases ancient docks, temples, and multicultural relics, which offer a glimpse into China’s prosperous Silk Road history. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m thrilled to hear that you’re planning a trip to China this summer to explore our latest UNESCO World Heritage Sites! (运用了that引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】Known as the “Porcelain Capital,” it reveals 1,000 years of ceramic artistry. (运用了过去分词短语作非限制性定语语) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 北京市八一学校2024~2025学年度第二学期考前适应性练习 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30分) 第一节 完形填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I was in Chicago for a job training when I knew a nearby theatre was releasing a film about saving dogs. However, none of my co-workers could ___1___ time for me. I got cold feet for anxiety about exploring the streets by myself at night alone. But in my hotel room I felt ___2___ and bored. The theatre was only about five blocks away from the hotel. How could I get lost? Hence, I decided to ___3___ it. I gathered my room key and set off. I managed to find the street of the theatre but stopped in snoek. The street was full of bikers — lots of very big, ___4___ bikers. Now I was a woman all alone at night. Warning bells began to sound and my heart ___5___ in my throat. Was I at the right theatre? Had I misread the date of the event? I finally decided that I would be safer inside the theatre. I hurried into the theatre. As I sat there, heart racing, ___6___ film, I muttered a prayer to ___7___ my anxieties. A local blues-rock band was the opening act and their performance drew my attention. Enthusiasm for the band's performance soon ___8___ all my worries from my mind and I began to relax. After the band, the film began and I understood the presence of the bikers after a conversation with the staff. Being part of an animal rescue group, they had escorted (护送) dogs from New Jersey to Chicago. At that moment, I was struck by the bond that had drawn so many originally ___9___ folks to the same spot. I stayed till the very end and made it to my hotel without any incident, overjoyed that I broke out of the ___10___ I used to set for myself and ventured into the unknown. To my amazement, the reward was one of the best nights of my life. 1. A. occupy B. squeeze C. search D. appoint 2. A. graceless B. careless C. restless D. tireless 3. A. brave B. desert C. forget D. attend 4. A. well-behaved B. hard-working C. casually-dressed D. tough-looking 5. A. beat B. sank C. stopped D. jumped 6. A. accomplishing B. watching C. anticipating D. constructing 7. A. contain B. comfort C. strengthen D. tighten 8. A. took away B. picked up C. brought about D. tore down 9 A. natural B. cooperative C. distinct D. similar 10. A. definition B. imagination C. circulation D. boundary 第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only ____11____ (discover) a stranger in her house. Waving a pole that she ____12____ (place) inside her home before, the stranger was like putting on a pole dancing show. Soon, she found the stranger was an adorable koala. She quickly contacted the Conservation Park, who sent out rescuers to release it to safety. Although the problem ____13____ (resolve) by now, it does highlight the fact that the natural habitat of wildlife is being decreased as the construction of homes for humans is increased. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The term “Wen Fang” refers to a reading room or a study ____14____ intellectuals in ancient times could enjoy a peaceful moment alone to gain cultural accumulations and to meditate. They demanded a highly aesthetic space, ____15____ (decorate) with fine stationery, so that they could be isolated ____16____ disturbing affairs, even for a brief time. Besides the well-known “four treasures of the study” — ink brushes, ink cakes, ink stones and paper — the study is also enriched with other ____17____ (object) like engraved seals, brush holders, incense burners and musical instruments. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Here are some ways for you to fight against anger. Firstly, accept that people will frustrate you. Realizing that no one is perfect is a good start to avoiding getting angry. Secondly, stop ____18____ (try) to contain your anger. A better way of facing up to anger is to identify the root cause. Once you know____19____you get mad, it is possible to deal with the cause. Lastly, don’t take the easy way. A reaction like throwing something, hitting someone, or screaming is the easy way. By learning to control, you can become ____20____ (calm) and less violent. 第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分) 第一节 阅读理解(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Wildlife conservation initiatives offer a meaningful way for individuals to actively participate in the protection of endangered species while gaining insights into how they can contribute to their preservation. For those passionate about wildlife several programs present opportunities for involvement: ◆ Animal Rescue Project, South Africa: Engage alongside experienced conservationists in Cape Town, solving the challenge of finding new homes for homeless dogs and cats. The project involves an animal hospital equipped to cater to their medical needs and an adoption center dedicated to finding them permanent homes. Due to financial constraints, the center relies heavily on volunteers to handle daily tasks and provide hands-on care for these animals. ◆ Sea Turtle Conservation Project, Sri Lanka: Witnessing a decline in sea turtle populations due to various commercial activities, this project focuses on supporting hatcheries(孵化场) in their conservation efforts. Participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka supports hatcheries in their conservation efforts, including providing financial assistance.Your participation not only aids in providing financial support to these hatcheries but also contributes to the sustainability of sea turtle populations. ◆ Wildlife Conservation Program, Australia: Immerse yourself in activities such as animal care, facility maintenance, and enrichment tasks, offering an incredible opportunity to gain firsthand international work experience. This program also serves as an excellent opportunity to make a meaningful contribution while fostering connections with like-minded individuals from across the globe. ◆ Marine Conservation Program, Bali: Set in Tianyar, where coral reef degradation threatens the ecosystem, this initiative aims to restore and conserve the reef to ensure a sustainable future for the local community and marine life. 21. What is the primary objective of the Animal Rescue Project in South Africa? A. To provide medical care for injured wildlife. B. To conduct research on endangered species. C. To organize volunteer activities in Cape Town. D To rehabilitate and rehome stray dogs and cats. 22. How does participation in the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in Sri Lanka contribute to the preservation of sea turtle populations? A. By organizing awareness campaigns about marine conservation. B. By establishing new habitats for sea turtles. C. By providing financial support to local hatcheries. D. By regulating commercial fishing activities. 23. What makes the Wildlife Conservation Program in Australia an attractive opportunity for participants? A. The chance to explore the cultural heritage of Australia. B. The opportunity to engage in international work experience. C. The availability of luxurious accommodations for volunteers. D. The focus on research projects studying various animal species. B THE OLD FISHERMAN Our house was directly across a popular hospital. We rented the upstairs rooms to outpatients at the clinic. One summer evening, there was a knock at the door. I opened it to see a truly awful looking man, his face lopsided from swelling, red and raw. He told me he’d been hunting for a room since noon but he had no success. “I guess it’s my face. I know it looks terrible, but my doctor says with a few more treatments…” For a moment I hesitated, but his next words convinced me: “I could sleep in this rocking chair on the porch. My bus leaves early in the morning.” I told him we would find him a bed, but to rest on the porch. It didn’t take a long time to see that this old man had an oversized heart crowded into that tiny body. He told me he fished for a living to support his daughter, her five children, and her husband, who was hopelessly crippled from a back injury. He didn’t tell it by way of complaint. He was grateful that no pain accompanied his disease. At bedtime, we put a camp cot in the children’s room for him. When I got up in the morning, the bed linens were neatly folded and the little man was out on the porch. Before he left for his bus, haltingly, he said, “Could I please come back and stay the next time I have a treatment? I can sleep fine in a chair.” He paused a moment and then added, “Your children made me feel at home. Grownups are bothered by my face, but children don’t seem to mind.” I told him he was welcome to come again. In the years he came to stay overnight with us. There was never a time that he did not bring us fish or oysters or vegetables from his garden. When I received these little remembrances, I often thought of a comment our next-door neighbor made after he left that first morning. “You can lose roomers by putting up such people!” Maybe we did lose roomers once or twice. But oh! If only they could have known him, perhaps their illnesses would have been easier to bear. I know our family always will be grateful to have known him; from him we learned what it was to accept the bad without complaint and the good with gratitude. 24. When the old fisherman stayed overnight, the author’s children ________________. A. were bothered B. were terrified C. felt normal D. felt at home 25. Which of the following statement is true about the fisherman? A. He is both tall and strong. B. He has five grandchildren. C. He is pessimistic about life. D. He suffers from a back injury. 26. The old fisherman gave the author fishes and oysters because he________. A. wanted the author to buy them. B. wanted to pay the rent with them. C. had fished too many fishes and oysters. D. wanted to show his thankfulness to the author. 27. What can we learn from the story? A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Little strokes fell great oaks. C. Stay positive, stay grateful. D. Honesty is the best policy. C Although it has been revealed in recent years that plants are capable of seeing, hearing and smelling, they are still usually thought of as silent. But now, for the first time, they have been recorded making ultrasonic cries when stressed, which researchers say could open up a new field of precision agriculture where farmers listen for water-starved crops. Itzhak Khait and his colleagues at Tel Aviv University in Israel found that tomato and tobacco plants made cries at frequencies humans cannot hear when stressed by a lack of water or when their stem is cut. Microphones placed 10 centimetres from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz, which the team says insects and some mammals would be capable of hearing and responding to from as far as 5 metres away. A moth (飞蛾) may decide against laying eggs on a plant that sounds water-stressed, the researchers suggest. Plants could even hear that other plants are short of water and react accordingly, they speculate. On average, drought-stressed tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour, while tobacco plants made 11. When plant stems were cut, tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour, and tobacco plants 15. Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour, on average. It is even possible to distinguish between the sounds to know what the stress is. The researchers trained a machine-learning model to discriminate between the plants’ sounds and the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse, correctly identifying in most cases whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut, based on the sound's intensity and frequency. Water-hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco, for example. Enabling farmers to listen for water-stressed plants could “open a new direction in the field of precision agriculture”, the researchers suggest. They add that such an ability will be increasingly important as climate change exposes more areas to drought. “The suggestion that the sounds that drought-stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture seems feasible if it is not too costly to set up the recording in a field situation,” says Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in the UK. She warns that the results can’t yet be broadened out to other stresses, such as salt or temperature, because these may not lead to sounds. In addition, there have been no experiments to show whether moths or any other animal can hear and respond to the sounds the plants make, so that idea remains speculative (推测的) for now, she says. 28. The experiment by researchers at Tel Aviv University shows that________. A. tobacco plants make louder sounds than tomato plants when hurt B. water-hungry tomato plants are more sensible than tobacco plants C. unstressed plants produced sounds of laughter when being watered D. plants respond to the sounds the plants make and protect themselves 29. What is Anne Visscher’s attitude towards the finding of the experiment? A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Cautious. 30. It can be learnt from the research that ________. A. greenhouse effects can be avoided B. soil condition can be adjusted in time C. plant condition can be diagnosed faster D. insects can be detected and removed easily D In 1979, Archie Cochrane published an essay condemning his fellow doctors. “It is surely a great criticism of our profession,” he wrote, “that we have not organized a critical summary, by specialty or subspeciality, adapted periodically, of all relevant randomized controlled trials.” The idea of “organizing a critical summary” may seem unworthy of Cochrane, yet he had struck at the heart of the matter. The basic building block of evidence in medicine is the randomized trial, as Cochrane understood. But some trials are flawed (有错误的), others may have vanished from the academic record, unpublished because they didn’t yield the hoped-for results. Even when trials are reported, the most robust evidence comes from synthesizing (合成) them. Proper synthesis can turn inconclusive trials into a conclusive result, yet to turn those trials into a structured body of knowledge takes work. In 1993, Sir Iain Chalmers founded Cochrane, a non-profit now listing over 9,000 systematic reviews. But in fields like education or policing, the picture is less rosy. Education is arguably of comparable importance to health for any government. Yet, the UK government spends 18 times as much on research into health than it does on research into education — or, to put it another way, education research is underfunded by a factor of 10. If anything, that paints too optimistic a picture of research into social policy, because other countries spend even less. And, perhaps, education research is probably the best of the rest when it comes to research funding. The Campbell Collaboration, which aims to do for social policy what Cochrane does for medicine, boasts just 231 systematic reviews — reflecting that social policy research enjoys a fraction of the money and attention lavished on medicine. More than a lack of spending, there’s a reluctance to support the infrastructure of systematic reviews, or to fund their updates into “living evidence reviews”. Take the 3ie (International Initiative for Impact Evaluation), admired for its Development Evidence Portal (门户网站), which struggles for steady funding. The portal could run for a year at less cost than a typical study evaluating its effectiveness, yet “public goods tend by their nature to be underfunded.” On the bright side, more than £50mn of funding for evidence synthesis was recently announced. This modest funding could significantly contribute to building an “evidence bank” for policymakers. Systematic reviews bridge the gap between researchers and policymakers. Researchers focus on specific interventions, while policymakers address broader problems. By synthesizing relevant research, systematic reviews can answer policymaker questions. Furthermore, evidence synthesis highlights “known unknowns” — gaps in research that can be filled through targeted funding, rather than more studies of familiar topics. As Eleanor Chelimsky, one of the 20th century’s great policy evaluators explained, “I hoped that synthesis could dramatize, for our legislative users, not only what was, in fact, known, but also what was not known.” Dramatizing our ignorance is one of the most valuable things an evidence review can do. 31. What was Archie Cochrane’s major concern? A. Doctors failed to put medical trials into summaries. B. Medical trials were too flawed to be published. C. Organizing medical summaries was seen as unworthy. D. Medical profession received widespread criticism. 32. What be inferred from the passage? A. Education is the top priority in research funding. B. Social policy research funding has increased significantly. C Systematic reviews help make research funding more focused. D. The 3ie portal was underfunded due to poor effectiveness evaluation. 33. What does the underlined word “dramatize” in paragraph 8 mean? A. Call ... into question B. Bring attention to ... C. Make up for… D. Turn … into a scene 34. Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A. Why Systematic Reviews Are the Key B. Will Gaps in Public Research Be Fixed C. What to Expect from Known Unknowns D. Who to Blame for Research Underfunding 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Literature is the study of human communication. It deals with great writers, from Shakespeare to Cervantes, and deals with texts. Also, literature offers access to vibrant forms of expression and asks us to embrace new ways of thinking about the world. It shows us how to read critically, even asking why we read and write at all. ____35____ For a student of Literature, all forms of communication are considered texts and can become the focus of critical inquiry. Rap lyrics, the language of advertisements, our favorite films, diaries, even our constantly updated statuses on social media platforms, all are products of the urge to share ideas and experiences. ____36____ So to study literature is to open a gateway to understanding complex values and preoccupations of individuals, small communities and even whole societies. ___37___ And at the turn of the 19th century, writers themselves began to experiment with new ways of looking at the written word. Modern literary criticism was born as Romantics, such as William Wordsworth’s thought to define poetry. A hundred years later, new schools of thought emerged that sought to understand the historical and cultural backgrounds from which literature emerged. Marxist literary critics such as Terry Eagleton argued that literature is not independent of its time and culture, but rather a product of it. ____38____ From the 1960s, fresh generations of critics were turning their attention away from the creators of texts. These post structuralists looked beyond authorial intent to focus on interpretation. Literary criticism challenges the ways we think about the world and how it should be ordered. ____39____ A. It helps us understand who we are and how we are. B. Because literature is complex, though, we need to decode it. C. Above all, it explores how we communicate ideas and why. D. And each offers its own insights into the ways that we, as humans, see the world. E. Wordsworth explored the relationship between the poetry and the poet rather than the reader. F. It helps us imagine what it is like to be someone else and to live a better, or simply different life G. Other thinkers focused on identity, looking at the ways in which an author’s sense of self is produced by society’s dominant ideologies (意识形态). 第三部分：书面表达(共32分) 第一节 阅读表达(共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分)。 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A study published in the journal Organizational Behavior this month found that the same piece of work is judged more harshly if it is handed in late than if it is handed in on time. Procrastination is harmful, the study suggests, and it really does matter if you make the deadline. This news didn’t strike fear into my heart for a couple of reasons. First, it feels intuitive. Second, I am a punctual person. I meet the vast majority of my deadlines. But, for me, procrastination is integral to achieving that. My ideal working day as a writer includes a certain amount of doing nothing. Not time off from working, strictly, but time when I am just thinking. It looks like pure procrastination, it even feels like procrastination a lot of the time — but I am passionate in my defense that it isn’t quite. If I sit down to do a piece of work too soon, it perversely (反常地) takes me longer and turns out worse overall. I need time for the task to pull itself into shape in the background while I do other things. I don’t think writing is the only job for which this is true. I feel confident that any job that involves primarily mental rather than physical labour benefits from a certain amount of this semi-procrastination. That phrase “a certain amount”, though, is where things get interesting. Procrastination is less an art than an extreme sport. Some is genuinely productive, but too much will ruin your life. So, the right amount of procrastination — what exactly is that? I can’t help you here. It will vary from person to person and task to task. I like to think I’ve got my procrastination timings pretty well worked out. But it’s a technique that requires careful monitoring and recalibration (重新校对). The other factor here is fear. Personally, I need to be genuinely afraid that I do not have enough time left to complete my work to a high standard in order to really get down to it. It’s not a perfect system. In some ways I wish the procrastination portion of my work process did not exist. Because it might work, broadly, but it often doesn’t feel good. I frequently fall prey to the worst of both worlds: not properly working, but not resting and allowing thoughts to flourish either, just sort of pickling and worrying and frittering around. But I would like my battle to continue to be how to procrastinate well, rather than how not to procrastinate at all. 40. What does the author include in their ideal working day as a writer? _______________________________________________________________ 41. Why does the author need semi-procrastination? _______________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The author believes his procrastination timings are well worked out and set in stone. _______________________________________________________________ 43. Will you semi-procrastinate and why?(In about 40 words) _______________________________________________________________ 第二节 (共20分) 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim得知了中国最新入选的世界遗产，打算暑假来中国参观体验，请你用英文给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 推荐参观的世界遗产； 2. 就以上建议简要说明理由。 提示词：遗产 relic 注意：1 词数100左右 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$