专题01 阅读理解暑假提升练-【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题01 阅读理解 (暑假提升练) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 细节理解题 ) 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 4. 以填空题的形式，如： (1)To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________. (2)By the first sentence of the passage author means that________. (3)It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________. (4)If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________. (5)The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ . (6)The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________. 5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。 有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。 ( 考点 二 词义猜测题 )值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 在英语阅读理解中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类： 1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。 2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等； 3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解； 4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。 5.超纲生词。 有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 该类题常见的考查形式有： 1. The phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by ____. 2. The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ____. 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean? 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”? 5. The word “…” most nearly means ____. 对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。 ( 考点 三 推理判断题 )例如，由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that. 2. We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4. The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6. The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8. The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 ( 考点 四 主旨大意题 )5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is… (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is. (9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passage mainly focuses on. 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 【技巧点拨】 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 Passage 1 （2025·安徽马鞍山高二开学考）A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service. These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from. GoldenPass Express, Switzerland GoldenPass Express takes passengers from Montreux to Interlaken. It’s a three- hour ride with four departures a day. The heated leather seats can recline (后倾) and rotate (旋转) 180 degrees. They’ re also raised 15 inches higher to boost the views over vineyards, green valleys and blue- ice glaciers. A one- way ticket costs £115. La Dolce Vita, Italy La Dolce Vita train service transports passengers to Italy of the 1960s. There are altogether 30 rooms— plus a bar car where passengers can watch appealing field s fly by as a pianist plays. A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. A one- way ticket starts at £2,140. Spacia X, Japan This train provides a stylish way of making the two- hour journey between Tokyo’s Asakusa station and the city of Nikko. Spacia X also includes comfortable sofas and seats. Passengers can appreciate the scenery as they shoot past mountains, waterfalls and temples. Tickets can be bought online or from any station on the Tobu line. A one- way ticket starts from £7.50. The Vietage, Vietnam The Vietage runs between Da Nang and Quy Nhon in supreme comfort. Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. The ticket price also includes a head-and-shoulder massage (按摩). A one- way ticket is £330. 1．Which of the following makes La Dolce Vita stand out? A．Comfortable seats. B．Various off-board experiences. C．Online ticket booking. D．A head-and-shoulder massage. 2．Which of the rail routes provides a hearty lunch? A．Spacia X, Japan. B．La Dolce Vita, Italy. C．The Vietage, Vietnam. D．GoldenPass Express, Switzerland. 3．What do the four rail routes have in common? A．The travel time. B．The ticket price. C．The superior service. D．The adjustable seats. Passage 2 （2025河南新乡·高二开学考） Four of the Best Money Games for Kids When was the last time your kids saw you pay for something in cash? Chances are that your kids rarely see bills and coins exchange hands. Living in a digital world, it’s difficult for kids to understand what really happens when adults pay for things. The following are some money games for kids that can teach them the different values of bills and coins, how to handle money, and even economics. Buy It Right Age range: Ages 7 to 12 Buy It Right lets kids get hands-on experience dealing with bills and coins while introducing the concept of prices and thinking through whether an object is too expensive or not. Kids set their prices and buy and sell items while moving their piece around the board. Money Match Me Age range: Ages 5 to 8 While not entirely a game, Money Match Me can be a fun way to test kids’ knowledge of coins. One card shows a group of coins needing to be matched with a written description. For example, a picture of three quarters would be matched with a card that says “seventy-five cents”. Money Bags Age range: Recommended for ages 7+ If your kids need practice counting money and telling apart different coins, the Money Bags game can help. As players move along the board, they collect money from the bank. The winner is the person who has the most money when the game ends. Pay Day Age range: Ages 8 and up This classic board game simulates what it’s like to get a paycheck each month while also having financial duties. Players are also able to receive 10% interest on the balance of their savings. The player with the most cash and savings at the end wins. 4．What is the skill focus of Buy It Right? A．Introducing basic business concepts. B．Recognizing different bills and coins. C．Learning to identify and count money. D．Making kids consider prices and expenses. 5．Which money game recommends the youngest age limit? A．Buy It Right. B．Money Bags. C．Money Match Me. D．Pay Day. 6．What do Money Bags and Pay Day have in common? A．Players focus on adding different bills. B．Whoever owns the most money is the winner. C．Kids learn how to budget in a reasonable way. D．Kids are able to receive interest on their savings. Passage 3 （2025山东济宁·高二开学考） Europe’s Best Long-Distance Hiking Trails These hikes on some of Europe’s best long distance trails (路线) offer a chance to reconnect with the world, get some energetic exercise and enjoy peaceful moments in some of the Europe’s most beautiful scenery. Hyssna Trail, Sweden West Sweden’s quiet beauty is the star of the show on this 40-kilometer, two-day hike. The round trail starts at Hyssna’s12th century church, which can be accessed by bus from Gothenburg in just 40 minutes. The route is well guided, with plenty of picnic spots and a well appointed camp site. Karhunkierros Trall, Finland Finnish Lapland is well-known as a winter destination, with magical aurora borealis (极光) and an amazing ancient Sami culture. It’s also home to the 82-kilometer Karhunkierros Trail, the most well-known long-distance walk in Finland. The path begins in Hautajarvi village in Lapland’s Salla and ends at the Rukatunturi Fell in Kuusamo, taking four days. King Charles III England Coastal Path, England Covering an area of 4, 300 kilometers, the England Coastal Path is a lifetime’s attempt for those who wish to cover every step. And it can be easily broken down into areas, with northwest, northeast, east, southeast and southwest regions to explore. Walking around the coast of Cornwall will leave anyone energetic. Slovenian Mountain Trail, Slovenia It’s no surprise that the Slovenia Mountain Trail has become so popular. This attractive trail covering some 616 kilometers runs from Maribor in the country’s northeast, all the way to Ankaran. And while doing it all together over 28 days might seem extreme, it can be broken into smaller regions. There are paths through the ancient forests and wetlands of the Pohorje Hills or across the Julian Alos. 7．Which trail covers the shortest distance? A．Hyssna Trail. B．Karhunkierros Trail. C．King Charles III England Coastal Path D．Slovenian Mountain Trail. 8．What can be done along the trail of Finland? A．Going on a bus tour. B．Hiking around the coast. C．Admiring the Sami culture. D．Exploring ancient forests. 9．What do the England Coastal Path and the Slovenia Mountain Trail have in common? A．They share a similar landscape. B．They are located in the same country. C．They can be broken into small regions. D．They are famous as winter destinations. Passage 4 （2025河北保定·高二开学考）This past year I’ve been with two loved ones at the time of their passing. The first passing, last September, was that of my beloved father-in-law at 91, after his lengthy battle with Parkinson’s disease. More recently, I was in the room when my dear friend Thomas Steinbeck passed away at the age of 72 after a long battle with COPD (慢阻肺). There were moments when I wanted to thank them for all they’d done for their loved ones, as well as humanity at large, but there were also times during their more lucid moments when I longed to have them answer some deep philosophical questions. They both knew they were dying, and because of their generous spirits, they would have told me anything I wanted to know. In fact, Thom told me a few weeks before his passing that he didn’t have much time left. While I knew he was struggling with his breathing, I was in denial. I told him that he’d survived the Vietnam War and a number of health challenges, and would survive this setback as well. Looking back, I think he was giving me an opening to talk to him as if he were dying. The death of these two loved ones has taught me a lot. It taught me to be even more mindful in the future, and carefully “listen to the messages” the dying are conveying to me. Had I done so, I might have had a final confirmation of what I meant to these men, although in some ways I already knew because they were the type of individuals who were always open and straightforward with respect to what they believed in. Knowing hearing is the final sense to go, I did take the chance to tell them how much they meant to me, and how much I loved them, and for that I am grateful. 10．What do the author’s two loved ones have in common? A．They were the author’s family members. B．They suffered from long-term illnesses. C．They lost their lives in the same year. D．They were extremely afraid of death. 11．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 2? A．Able to think clearly. B．Eager to walk around. C．Willing to help others. D．Brave to face the future. 12．Why did Thom tell the author he was dying? A．He could no longer accompany the author. B．He desired to make his breathing smooth. C．He was in great need of the author’s care. D．He wanted to have a chat with the author. 13．What did death teach the author about living? A．Death is a time for love and forgiveness. B．Those who are dying are eager to share. C．Hearing is the final sense to disappear. D．It is vital to say what comes naturally. Passage 5 （2025河北张家口·高二开学考）One evening, Tom Peterson decided to go on a hike in the mountains near his home. He told his family he’d be back by nightfall, so when he didn’t return as expected, they became concerned. At around 8 p.m., they tried to reach him on his cell phone but received no response. Tom’s brother, Jack, decided to head to the trail (小径) and look for him. When Jack arrived, he found Tom’s backpack on the side of the trail, but there was no sign of Tom himself. Tom’s family became even more anxious. His mother kept picturing him lost and alone, wondering if he was cold, scared, or even injured. She felt helpless, knowing she couldn’t protect her son. His father, on the other hand, struggled to remain calm, reassuring his wife while silently fearing the worst. As midnight approached, Tom’s family decided it was time to call for professional help. The search team arrived swiftly, equipped with flashlights and heat-sensitive cameras, and began combing the trail. Tom, down the hill with an injured ankle, lay in the dark, battling waves of doubt. As the cold night deepened, he questioned if anyone would find him, feeling small and defenceless against the vast wilderness. He turned his flashlight on and off, hoping someone would notice the weak light, holding on to the last bit of hope he had. Finally, the team spotted him about a mile from the main path. Seeing the rescuers approach, Tom’s relief washed over him, and his worries melted away. His family was overjoyed when they saw him, their worst fears replaced by deep thankfulness and newfound appreciation for each other. Later, when asked about how he made it through the long, dark hours alone, Tom shared that it was the thought of his family that kept him going. For him, holding onto the hope of reuniting with them was his only choice in the vast, lonely wilderness. 14．Why were Tom’s family worried initially? A．Tom failed to return home as planned. B．Tom’s phone was switched off all evening. C．Tom left his backpack on the trail intentionally. D．Tom was unprepared for his hike in the mountains. 15．How did Tom’s mother emotionally react to the incident in paragraph 2? A．She doubted the search team’s abilities. B．She blamed Tom for being irresponsible. C．She remained calm and supported her family. D．She felt frustrated about her inability to help Tom. 16．What allowed the rescuers to locate Tom? A．His tracks led them to his location. B．He signaled them with his flashlight. C．He used special cameras to spot them. D．He shouted for help until they heard him. 17．What helped Tom survive the night in the wilderness? A．His rich hiking experience. B．The warm clothes he wore. C．His strong physical strength. D．The belief of seeing his loved ones again. Passage 6 （2025江苏南京·高二开学考）John Harper had always been a fan of painting. He used to admire the artworks at galleries and exhibitions, often standing in awe before the pieces that seemed to speak directly to his soul. At 58, he decided it was time to pick up the brush himself. His first attempt at an open art exhibition in downtown New York left him overwhelmed — the vibrancy, the diversity, and the sheer talent on display were like nothing he had ever imagined. “It felt liberating. I thought, ‘This is what I want to do for the rest of my life,’” John said. Painting has since given him a new identity and purpose. All his life, John had worked as an accountant, numbers being his daily companions rather than colors and canvases. Early on, he lost both parents in a tragic accident when he was twenty, which led him to seek comfort in the structured world of finance. For years, his artistic side remained dormant, only coming alive in secret sketches and doodles during breaks from work. After retiring, John rediscovered his love for art. He enrolled in classes, joined local artist groups, and began to showcase his work. “Art allows me to express myself in ways I never could with numbers,” he explains. Through painting, he found a way to heal old wounds and give form to his emotions. “Expressing yourself through colors and shapes is not just about creating something beautiful; it’s also about connecting with your inner self,” he says. Does he still feel disconnected from others? “I’ve come to see my uniqueness as a strength. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a typical mold. It took me this long to find my true calling!” he exclaims. “But now, I know who I am, and I’m proud of it. I wouldn’t trade places with anyone.” 18．How did John feel about his first experience at an art exhibition? A．Intimidated. B．Indifferent. C．Inspired. D．Confused. 19．What caused John to initially suppress his artistic interests? A．His lack of natural talent in art. B．The influence of his accounting job. C．The loss of his parents. D．His fear of failure. 20．How does painting benefit John? A．It improves his financial status. B．It helps him connect with his inner self. C．It makes him more efficient at his job. D．It increases his popularity among peers. 21．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．John Harper’s First Exhibition B．John Harper’s Artistic Awakening after Retirement C．John Harper’s Struggle with Accounting D．John Harper’s Impact on Modern Art （2025江苏盐城·高二开学考）I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running to get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish. Then, seven years ago, when I was 43, I went to talk with someone who had just done the Sahara Desert race. I felt so inspired and promised I would run it, too. A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next. My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. On the first day, I ran for around six to seven hours, eating along the way to get more energy. On day two, I tore my right Achilles tendon (跟腱). I slowed my pace and thought about the soldiers’ charity I was doing the run for. It was nothing compared with some of their injuries. Then, on day 26, it got worse. I couldn’t bear even the light touch of an ice cube. I had to walk through the day, which took almost 11 hours. I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life. On May 20 I finished, four days after my 50th birthday. It’s been a long progression from being an unfit slacker (懒散的人) to where I am now. I have a better body now than at any point in my life. Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already. 22．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He didn’t finish it. B．He didn’t do it well. C．He got hurt halfway. D．He fell in love with it. 23．What was the writer’s purpose of running marathons in the UK? A．To raise money for a charity. B．To create a new world record. C．To prepare for a marathon race. D．To push himself to reach the goal. 24．What does the author think is the most important quality he has? A．Kindness. B．Curiosity. C．Bravery. D．Determination. 25．What can be the best title for the text? A．Never Stop Running B．Running Makes Success C．Being Prepared for Running D．Running for a Better Future Passage 8 （2025浙江·高二开学考）In The Society of the Spectacle (1967，《景观社会》), French philosopher Guy Debord unveiled a radical critique of modern capitalism, arguing that social relations had been replaced by mediated images — a phenomenon he termed “the spectacle.” This concept builds on Marx’s critique of commodity fetishism but shifts focus from material production to cultural consumption. Debord posits that the spectacle is “a social relationship mediated by images”, where passive consumption of media, advertising, and entertainment obscures real human interactions. Unlike Marx’s era of tangible commodity domination, today’s capitalism operates through three spectacle forms: concentrated (authoritarian regimes manipulating heroic imagery), diffuse (consumerist societies masking control behind illusory choices), and integrated (a hybrid system combining technology, state power, and perpetual presentism). Central to his thesis is the idea of separation: workers are alienated (异化) not only from their labor but also from leisure, as non-working hours become colonized by spectacles like television and social media. This creates “lonely crowds” who mistake curated images for authentic experiences. For instance, advertising transforms diamonds into symbols of love, fabricating desires detached from material needs. Debord’s analysis extends to time and space. He critiques “pseudo-cyclical time” where media cycles erase historical consciousness, and urban planning isolates individuals in “psychogeographical” (心理地理学) traps. His solution—“situations” created through revolutionary art — aims to shatter spectacle-induced passivity. While criticized for technological determinism, Debord’s work remains vital in analyzing digital-era phenomena like influencer culture and algorithm-driven “information cocoons”. As he warned: “The spectacle is the sun that never sets over the empire of modern passivity.” 26．According to Debord, what fundamentally characterizes the spectacle society? A．The rise of artificial intelligence in labor markets. B．Social relationships replaced by image-based mediation. C．Government censorship of historical narratives. D．Environmental degradation caused by consumerism. 27．Which of the following is NOT a form of spectacle identified by Debord? A．Integrated scene combining technology and state power. B．Diffuse spectacle promoting illusory consumer freedom. C．Revolutionary spectacle advocating proletarian uprising. D．Concentrated scenery centered on authoritarian imagery. 28．What does the author mean by mentioning “diamonds as symbols of love”? A．Describe the economic value of luxury goods. B．Illustrate spectacle’s creation of artificial desires. C．Present romantic ideals in capitalist societies. D．Uncover environmental impacts of mining industries. 29．Which title best captures the article’s critical perspective on Debord’s theory? A．The Spectacle Society: When Image Dominates Reality. B．Imperial Image: A Modern Alienation Beyond Debord. C．From Factories to Screens: The Evolution of Labor Exploitation. D．Art Versus Algorithms: Reshaping Cultural Consumption. Passage 9 （2025安徽·高二开学考）From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 30．What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A．It is suffering from a cold wind. B．It is weathering a sandstorm. C．Its desertification is under control. D．Its climate is beyond expectation. 31．Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A．Bored but attentive. B．Lonely but committed. C．Tired but engaged. D．Simple but responsible. 32．Why are some trees in Saihanba cut down? A．To prevent potential fire. B．To study its disease prevention. C．To promote its biodiversity. D．To ensure its healthy development. 33．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Green Guardian B．The Sand Wasteland C．The Timber Farm D．The Golden Miracle Passage 10 （2025福建泉州·高二开学考）There are many kinds of jobs in the world, and if people can’t find their ideal job, they can always create one. Molly Lewis did just that by becoming a professional whistler (吹口哨的人). Shane O’ Neill writes in The Washington Post, “If you’re a famous comedian, you may get the frightening ‘Tell me a joke!’ from a stranger. If you think that’s bad, try being a professional whistler.” “It happens all the time,” said Molly Lewis with a smile. “Sometimes I’ll oblige.” Lewis released her album, On the Lips, in February, to promote whistling. “People often don't know much about whistle music apart from some pop songs,” Lewis said. “But I think it's a beautiful instrument.” People gradually notice whistle music. She whistled a singer's What Was I Made For?, which appeared in the Barbie movie. Lewis adds depth to whistling, which is usually seen as cheerful or absent-minded. She is inspired by artists like the couple, Marty and Elayne. “They played for 37 years, five nights a week, and it was very special,” Lewis said. Lewis learned to whistle at four but took it seriously after seeing Pucker Up, a 2005 documentary about competitive whistling. She attended the International Whistlers Convention in 2012 and has performed in music clubs since then. Starting in 2017, Lewis performed shows called Cafe Molly at Zebulon, attracting many notable figures. On tour, she aims to create an atmosphere of elegance, an atmosphere she hopes to bring home with On the Lips. 34．Which can explain the underlined word “oblige” in paragraph 2? A．Accept. B．Decline. C．Promise. D．Ignore. 35．What did Lewis intend to do with her album? A．Stress the role of whistling. B．Get whistling recognized. C．Give credit for a movie. D．Attract youngsters' attention. 36．What did Lewis think of Marty and Elayne? A．They are excited. B．They are frightened. C．They are stressed. D．They are committed. 37．How did Pucker Up affect Lewis? A．It gave her easy access to music clubs. B．It earned her international reputation. C．It deepened her devotion to whistling. D．It recognized her talent as a whistler. Passage 11 （2025浙江金华·高二开学考）We’ve all had the experience. We’re reading along and suddenly realize that although our eyes are scanning the words on the page, nothing is actually registering. Minutes pass before we realize that we’ve lost the plot entirely. In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical — the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history. In a 2024 study of “mindless reading,” researchers from the University of Wü rzburg tracked the reading speed and attention of undergraduates studying a complex science text. At multiple points during the exercise, prompts (提示) appeared asking students “Was your mind wandering when you read the last sentence?” Students confirmed multiple instances of loss of attention. Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material, and also predicted poorer performance on later tests. But these problems are not insolvable. The University of Wü rzburg researchers also concluded that when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages — and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading” — they were able to successfully re-route their attention. To convince students of the importance of effective reading strategies, it’s important to explain the long-term benefits of sticking through complex texts. For example, learning how to make sense of a technical science text may help if students decide to work in engineering. The skills they use to make sense of a history text may help in future legal careers. Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.” 38．Students tend to lose their focus while reading if ________. A．the reading text is long B．they are in a classroom C．the reading material is complex D．they are middle or high schoolers 39．Which of the following is a signal of “mindless reading”? A．Reading too quickly. B．Poor performance on tests. C．Changes in reading speed. D．Spending much time reading. 40．What should students do if they experience “mindless reading”? A．Change the reading materials. B．Get to know why they get stuck on passages. C．Learn to notice when their attention wanders. D．Pay more attention to sentence-level information. 41．What is Shanahan’s attitude to helping students push through difficult texts? A．Favorable. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. Passage 12 （2025江苏南京·高二开学考）In recent years, a new trend has emerged among young travelers in Japan who are increasingly opting for “off-the-beaten-path” destinations instead of flocking to famous tourist spots. This phenomenon, known as counter-tourism, is gaining popularity as it offers tourists a chance to explore quieter and less commercialized areas. Data from a major online travel agency reveals that bookings for accommodations in lesser-known towns increased by 25% year-on-year during the holiday season. Moreover, reservations for boutique hotels in these locations surged by at least fivefold. Lesser-known attractions saw significant growth, with some reporting over 20% more visitors compared to the previous year. For example, the serene countryside of Shimane Prefecture welcomed approximately 30,000 visitors over seven days, marking a 17% increase year-over-year. Travelers are choosing these quieter locales not only to avoid crowded places but also to enjoy lower costs and experience genuine local culture. In contrast to popular tourist hotspots, which can be overly commercialized, these hidden gems offer more authentic experiences and natural encounters. Additionally, changes in travel preferences reflect a growing desire among tourists for deeper relaxation and meaningful engagement with their surroundings. The ongoing impact of environmental concerns and sustainability efforts also plays a role in this shift. Travelers are becoming more conscious of their ecological footprint and prefer destinations that promote sustainable tourism practices. As a result, they are more likely to choose eco-friendly accommodations and activities. An editorial in the Tokyo Times noted that the rise of counter-tourism could have positive implications for both tourists and the industry. It encourages diversity in travel options and forces traditional tourist hubs to innovate and improve their offerings. More importantly, it helps distribute economic benefits more evenly across different regions. Professor Sato, a tourism expert, suggests that to fully capitalize on this trend, greater emphasis should be placed on developing unique local experiences and promoting lesser-known cultural heritage sites. Highlighting regional traditions and fostering community involvement are key strategies for enhancing the appeal of off-the-beaten-path destinations. 42．What do the statistics in paragraph 2 indicate? A．The success of travel agencies in Japan. B．The profitability of hotels during holidays. C．The contribution of tourism to the economy. D．The rising trend of counter-tourism in Japan. 43．What is the fundamental reason behind the emergence of counter-tourism? A．Environmental awareness. B．Changing travel preferences. C．Lower travel costs. D．Lack of innovation in well-known attractions. 44．How does the Tokyo Times view counter-tourism? A．It will decline as environmental concerns diminish. B．It benefits both tourists and the tourism market. C．It enhances the spread of local culture to tourists. D．It hinders the development of popular tourist spots. 45．According to Professor Sato, what advice is given for developing the tourism market? A．Improving infrastructure in tourist areas. B．Enhancing management rules for tourist attractions. C．Exploring the potential and uniqueness of lesser-known attractions. D．Promoting local characteristics through social media Passage 13 （2025山东潍坊·高二开学考）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen whales, such as humpback and Rice’s whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species, they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory (嗅觉的) bulb (球状物) — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr. Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 46．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A．They are developed merely for smell. B．They are adapted ones. C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are not fixed universally in numbers. 47．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A．The smell that phytoplankton send. B．The teeth that baleen whales have. C．The sound waves that zooplankton create. D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 48．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A．By quoting a theory. B．By making a contrast. C．By using examples. D．By making inferences. 49．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A．The ability to give off smells. B．The possibility to attract food. C．The ability to communicate. D．The ability to locate food. Passage 14 （2025河南·高二开学考）At some level, advice on how to inspire employees is silly. It’s usually either obvious — be good at your job, be passionate about the work and make the people on your teams feel valued — or shockingly inauthentic（不真实的）. But much more practical insights can be found in a coming book called Inspire: The Universal Path for Leading Yourself and Others, by Adam Galinsky, an academic at Columbia Business School. Lots of firms use a series of boringly abstract words to convey their goal: “change”, “innovate”, “connect” and so on. Mr Galinsky cites an experiment that showed the effect of more concrete language. In it, teams were asked to design toys and given a vision statement to guide their behaviour. Teams who were handed a statement with more visual language — to create toys that “… make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile” — produced more engaging toys than teams who were given something more general. Another study is mentioned in Mr Galinsky’s book. Participants were asked to reflect on important events in their lives, such as their choice of college. Some were also asked to think about how things would have turned out if this event had not happened. This group attributed greater meaning to the event in question, whether because they concluded fate had played a part in it or because it forced them to think through its results more clearly. This type of counterfactual thinking（反事实思维） can also be used to strengthen employees’ ties to firms: Prompting people to imagine a world in which their company does not exist seems to increase a sense of belonging. Perhaps the most striking idea in Mr Galinsky’s book is that, instead of bosses motivating people from above, individuals can do it for themselves. In this study some Swiss citizens who had newly registered with a government employment agency were asked to do a10 - to 15-minute exercise in which they reflected on values that mattered to them. They were three times more likely to find a job than those who did not do the exercise. 50．Why is a statement with more visual language mentioned? A．To promote a lively air in firms. B．To prove Mr Galinsky’s view. C．To state richness of a language. D．To persuade readers to value expression. 51．What role does the counterfactual thinking play in a firm? A．It promotes employees’ sense of belonging. B．It makes employees reflect on their strengths. C．It inspires employees to study hard. D．It trains employees to be creative. 52．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．An interesting example about designing toys. B．Individuals’ self-motivation for job-seeking. C．Practical use of Swiss government measures. D．An employment plan from Columbia Business School. 53．What is the text probably? A．An introduction. B．A research article. C．A news report. D．A journal. Passage 15 （2025湖北·高二开学考）Over the past 40 years, neuroscience (神经科学) researchers have begun to build a remarkably accurate picture of what exactly happens in the brain during adolescence (青春期). One area of research has been neuroplasticity — that is, the brain’s ability to reorganise itself by forming new neural connections. During childhood, the brain’s 86 billion neurons create numerous connection patterns. Each time we learn to do something, neural pathways are created that allow us to repeat and improve upon the action. By adulthood, neural pathways that have been used frequently become “fixed”, whereas the less-used or unused pathways disappear. These stronger “fixed” connections enable adults to have more complex thoughts and to carry out regular actions more effectively. However, the disappearance of other less-used connections reduces the brain’s “flexibility”. As a result, adults find it harder to master new skills or remember unfamiliar information. It used to be thought that teenagers’ brains were similar to adults in this respect, but research has revealed that the teenage brain still has tremendous “plasticity” — less than in childhood, but more than adults — and so teenagers are better at learning and memorising things than adults. This means this is a great age to develop new skills such as playing an instrument, learning to drive or speaking a new language. Recent research has even shown that a person’s IQ, which was previously thought to be unchanging, can improve in the teen years! Research has also shown a further difference in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of teenagers and adults. The PFC is the area of the brain that’s responsible for abstract thinking. Its functions include planning. predicting the results of actions as well as regulation of emotions, and focusing on goals. Unlike in adults, the teenage PFC is still developing, which explains why teenagers can be impulsive (冲动的) and take risks and why they find it hard to concentrate and make good choices. Psychiatrist Dr Daniel Siegel thinks the teenage years are very exciting ones. He believes that learning about how their brains work helps teenagers develop their emotional intelligence and thought processes, allowing them to be the very best person they can be. It seems then, that the teenage years are the ideal time to learn problem-solving and critical thinking skills. 54．What happens to neural pathways as individuals grow from children to adults? A．Some disappear because new connections are formed. B．Some become strengthened through frequent use. C．They increase in number but decrease in strength. D．They remain highly flexible throughout adulthood. 55．What does higher brain plasticity mean to teenagers? A．They have more intelligence than adults. B．They have a remarkable ability to learn. C．They can play an instrument better than adults. D．They have an intense interest in learning. 56．How are teenagers influenced by the PFC? A．They act without much consideration. B．They can memorise things very quickly. C．They experience powerful emotions. D．They adapt to new environments easily. 57．What is Dr Daniel Siegel’s opinion? A．Adolescence is the most difficult period of life. B．Teenagers’ brain development is already complete. C．Teenagers should be given more freedom and independence. D．Studying the development of teenagers’ brains benefits them. Passage 16 （2025湖南·高二开学考）Are you chillaxed enough? Recently, having a sense of ease seems to have become one of the most important qualities that a person should have to be seen as successful and attractive. The discussion arose from a previous incident. A family’s luggage (行李) was rejected for shipment, but they continued their journey like nothing bad had happened. A girl witnessed their calm attitude in difficult circumstances and shared the story online. She described their attitude as being “chillaxed”, meaning staying calm in the face of barriers. With the word gaining more attention, an increasing number of people have shared their chillaxed lives online. In psychology, maintaining a sense of ease is similar to “psychological resilience”, which refers to the ability to effectively adjust and adapt to tough situations. particularly by being mentally, emotionally and behaviorally flexible to pressure. It stresses a drive for success, steadily advancing toward a goal, and being prepared to accept any outcome without complaining. In both work and study, many people get anxious or even collapse when faced with short-term bottlenecks. Therefore, they hurriedly seek immediate changes, which in most cases prevents them from achieving the desired result. Rather than going after immediate outcomes, it’s more significant to maintain steady, gradual progress and adopt a long-term mindset. Interestingly, as the Internet becomes filled with hashtags (标签) like “only those who are chillaxed are attractive”, many people are beginning to feel anxious because they don’t fit that description. Still, it’s important to note that while a state of ease may be favorable, there’s nothing wrong with not being chillaxed. Indeed, many people achieve their goals by pushing themselves to their limits, though feeling frustrated at pressure from time to time. But as long as you are fighting for your ideal life, you’re definitely someone who’s appealing and respectable no matter whether you’re chillaxed or not. 58．Why is the family’s experience mentioned in the passage? A．To introduce the origin of the word “chillaxed”. B．To show the family’s ability to stay chillaxed. C．To highlight the importance of being chillaxed. D．To argue against the rejection of luggage shipment. 59．What’s highlighted in psychological resilience? A．Quick forgetting of challenges. B．Dependence on external factors. C．Flexibility and steady progress. D．Seeking quick fixes to problems. 60．What’s the author’s attitude towards being chillaxed? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Unclear. 61．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Chillaxed Attitude: Shortcut Towards Success. B．Remaining Chillaxed Helps to Settle Conflicts. C．Why Being Chillaxed Does Not Guarantee Happiness. D．Being Chillaxed: The Art of Psychological Strength. Passage 17 （2025安徽·高二开学考）It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) driving trains and boats. 62．Why is Eli Whitney mentioned by the writer in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To deny a statement. C．To clarify a doubt. D．To illustrate a view. 63．What led to the wide use of motor vehicles according to the text? A．The improvement of engine performance. B．The end of World War I. C．The need of the military during war time. D．The decline of horse-drawn wagons. 64．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Absence of public demand. B．Bad performance of early models. C．A lack of time and expense. D．Awful looks of previous inventions. 65．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention B．Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress C．Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention D．General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention Passage 18 （2025江苏常州·高二开学考）“The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey (传达) a reaction to a breaking story. 66．How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A．They found the reporting confusing. B．They felt excited about the reporting. C．They considered the author unprofessional. D．They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 67．What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Talk about. B．Make a fool of. C．Keep an eye on. D．Mess up. 68．What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A．They may deliver misleading news. B．They can locate the source of a news story. C．They interact with viewers in an improper way. D．They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 69．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B．To share his experience of being a reporter. C．To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D．To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. 22 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 阅读理解 (暑假提升练) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 细节理解题 ) 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 4. 以填空题的形式，如： (1)To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________. (2)By the first sentence of the passage author means that________. (3)It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________. (4)If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________. (5)The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ . (6)The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________. 5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。 有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。 ( 考点 二 词义猜测题 )值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 在英语阅读理解中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类： 1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。 2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等； 3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解； 4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。 5.超纲生词。 有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 该类题常见的考查形式有： 1. The phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by ____. 2. The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ____. 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean? 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”? 5. The word “…” most nearly means ____. 对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。 ( 考点 三 推理判断题 )例如，由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that. 2. We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4. The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6. The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8. The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 ( 考点 四 主旨大意题 )5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is… (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is. (9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passage mainly focuses on. 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 【技巧点拨】 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 Passage 1 （2025·安徽马鞍山高二开学考）A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service. These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from. GoldenPass Express, Switzerland GoldenPass Express takes passengers from Montreux to Interlaken. It’s a three- hour ride with four departures a day. The heated leather seats can recline (后倾) and rotate (旋转) 180 degrees. They’ re also raised 15 inches higher to boost the views over vineyards, green valleys and blue- ice glaciers. A one- way ticket costs £115. La Dolce Vita, Italy La Dolce Vita train service transports passengers to Italy of the 1960s. There are altogether 30 rooms— plus a bar car where passengers can watch appealing field s fly by as a pianist plays. A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. A one- way ticket starts at £2,140. Spacia X, Japan This train provides a stylish way of making the two- hour journey between Tokyo’s Asakusa station and the city of Nikko. Spacia X also includes comfortable sofas and seats. Passengers can appreciate the scenery as they shoot past mountains, waterfalls and temples. Tickets can be bought online or from any station on the Tobu line. A one- way ticket starts from £7.50. The Vietage, Vietnam The Vietage runs between Da Nang and Quy Nhon in supreme comfort. Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. The ticket price also includes a head-and-shoulder massage (按摩). A one- way ticket is £330. 1．Which of the following makes La Dolce Vita stand out? A．Comfortable seats. B．Various off-board experiences. C．Online ticket booking. D．A head-and-shoulder massage. 2．Which of the rail routes provides a hearty lunch? A．Spacia X, Japan. B．La Dolce Vita, Italy. C．The Vietage, Vietnam. D．GoldenPass Express, Switzerland. 3．What do the four rail routes have in common? A．The travel time. B．The ticket price. C．The superior service. D．The adjustable seats. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是应用文。文章是关于高端列车旅行的推荐介绍。文中详细描述了几条在全球不同地区的特色铁路旅程，包括它们的起讫点、特色服务、票价以及旅行中的独特体验，旨在向读者推介奢华舒适的火车旅行选择。 1．细节理解题。由La Dolce Vita, Italy部分的“A variety of impressive off- board experiences are available, from touring vineyards at Montalcino to riding horses in Abruzzo. (从蒙塔奇诺的葡萄园之旅到阿布鲁佐的骑马，这里有各种令人印象深刻的下车体验。)”可知，La Dolce Vita的特色在于其丰富的下车体验活动。故选B。 2．细节理解题。由The Vietage, Vietnam部分中的“Travelers can take in the beauty of the Vietnamese countryside over a thirty- course lunch with free drinks. (在这里，游客可以饱览越南乡村的美景，享用30道菜的午餐和免费饮料。)”可知，The Vietage, Vietnam路线提供丰盛的午餐。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A high-end train journey enables you to experience destinations at a unique pace and in total comfort while enjoying first-class service.  These are some of the most exciting rail routes to choose from.(一趟高端的火车之旅，让你以独特的节奏和完全舒适的体验目的地，同时享受一流的服务。这些是一些最令人兴奋的铁路路线可供选择。)”因此，它们都体现了卓越的服务。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025河南新乡·高二开学考） Four of the Best Money Games for Kids When was the last time your kids saw you pay for something in cash? Chances are that your kids rarely see bills and coins exchange hands. Living in a digital world, it’s difficult for kids to understand what really happens when adults pay for things. The following are some money games for kids that can teach them the different values of bills and coins, how to handle money, and even economics. Buy It Right Age range: Ages 7 to 12 Buy It Right lets kids get hands-on experience dealing with bills and coins while introducing the concept of prices and thinking through whether an object is too expensive or not. Kids set their prices and buy and sell items while moving their piece around the board. Money Match Me Age range: Ages 5 to 8 While not entirely a game, Money Match Me can be a fun way to test kids’ knowledge of coins. One card shows a group of coins needing to be matched with a written description. For example, a picture of three quarters would be matched with a card that says “seventy-five cents”. Money Bags Age range: Recommended for ages 7+ If your kids need practice counting money and telling apart different coins, the Money Bags game can help. As players move along the board, they collect money from the bank. The winner is the person who has the most money when the game ends. Pay Day Age range: Ages 8 and up This classic board game simulates what it’s like to get a paycheck each month while also having financial duties. Players are also able to receive 10% interest on the balance of their savings. The player with the most cash and savings at the end wins. 4．What is the skill focus of Buy It Right? A．Introducing basic business concepts. B．Recognizing different bills and coins. C．Learning to identify and count money. D．Making kids consider prices and expenses. 5．Which money game recommends the youngest age limit? A．Buy It Right. B．Money Bags. C．Money Match Me. D．Pay Day. 6．What do Money Bags and Pay Day have in common? A．Players focus on adding different bills. B．Whoever owns the most money is the winner. C．Kids learn how to budget in a reasonable way. D．Kids are able to receive interest on their savings. 【答案】4．D 5．C 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是几个帮助孩子认识和了解金钱的小游戏。4．细节理解题。根据Buy It Right部分中的“Buy It Right lets kids get hands-on experience dealing with bills and coins while introducing the concept of prices and thinking through whether an object is too expensive or not. Kids set their prices and buy and sell items while moving their piece around the board.( Buy It Right让孩子们获得处理纸币和硬币的实践经验，同时引入价格的概念，并思考一件物品是否太贵。孩子们一边在棋盘上移动棋子，一边设定价格，买卖物品。)”可知，该游戏引入价格的概念并让孩子思考物品是否太贵，由此可知，该游戏侧重于让孩子学会考虑价格和开支。故选D项。 5．细节理解题。根据Buy It Right部分中的“Age range: Ages 7 to 12(年龄范围：7 - 12岁)”可知，使用的最低年龄为7岁、Money Match Me部分中的“Age range: Ages 5 to 8(年龄范围：5 - 8岁)”可知，使用的最低年龄为5岁、Money Bags部分中的“Age range: Recommended for ages 7+(年龄：推荐7岁以上儿童观看)”可知，使用的最低年龄为7岁以上，以及Pay Day部分中的“Age range: Ages 8 and up(适合年龄：8岁及以上)” 可知，使用的最低年龄为8岁以上，综合以上信息可知，在四个小游戏的年龄界定中，Money Match Me使用的年龄标准最低。故选C项。 6．细节理解题。根据Money Bags部分中的“The winner is the person who has the most money when the game ends.(当游戏结束时，赢家是拥有最多钱的人。)”可知，在Money Bags中，拥有最多钱的人是赢家，结合Pay Day部分中的“The player with the most cash and savings at the end wins.(最后拥有最多现金和储蓄的玩家获胜。)”可知，在Pay Day中，拥有最多现金和储蓄的玩家获胜，由此可知，这两款小游戏的共同点是“谁拥有最多的钱谁就是赢家”。故选B项。 Passage 3 （2025山东济宁·高二开学考） Europe’s Best Long-Distance Hiking Trails These hikes on some of Europe’s best long distance trails (路线) offer a chance to reconnect with the world, get some energetic exercise and enjoy peaceful moments in some of the Europe’s most beautiful scenery. Hyssna Trail, Sweden West Sweden’s quiet beauty is the star of the show on this 40-kilometer, two-day hike. The round trail starts at Hyssna’s12th century church, which can be accessed by bus from Gothenburg in just 40 minutes. The route is well guided, with plenty of picnic spots and a well appointed camp site. Karhunkierros Trall, Finland Finnish Lapland is well-known as a winter destination, with magical aurora borealis (极光) and an amazing ancient Sami culture. It’s also home to the 82-kilometer Karhunkierros Trail, the most well-known long-distance walk in Finland. The path begins in Hautajarvi village in Lapland’s Salla and ends at the Rukatunturi Fell in Kuusamo, taking four days. King Charles III England Coastal Path, England Covering an area of 4, 300 kilometers, the England Coastal Path is a lifetime’s attempt for those who wish to cover every step. And it can be easily broken down into areas, with northwest, northeast, east, southeast and southwest regions to explore. Walking around the coast of Cornwall will leave anyone energetic. Slovenian Mountain Trail, Slovenia It’s no surprise that the Slovenia Mountain Trail has become so popular. This attractive trail covering some 616 kilometers runs from Maribor in the country’s northeast, all the way to Ankaran. And while doing it all together over 28 days might seem extreme, it can be broken into smaller regions. There are paths through the ancient forests and wetlands of the Pohorje Hills or across the Julian Alos. 7．Which trail covers the shortest distance? A．Hyssna Trail. B．Karhunkierros Trail. C．King Charles III England Coastal Path D．Slovenian Mountain Trail. 8．What can be done along the trail of Finland? A．Going on a bus tour. B．Hiking around the coast. C．Admiring the Sami culture. D．Exploring ancient forests. 9．What do the England Coastal Path and the Slovenia Mountain Trail have in common? A．They share a similar landscape. B．They are located in the same country. C．They can be broken into small regions. D．They are famous as winter destinations. 【答案】7．A 8．C 9．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要几条欧洲最佳长途徒步路线。 7．细节理解题。根据Hyssna Trail, Sweden部分中的“West Sweden’s quiet beauty is the star of the show on this 40-kilometer, two-day hike. (瑞典西部的静谧之美是这趟为期两天、全长 40 公里的徒步旅行的亮点。)”， Karhunkierros Trall, Finland部分中的“It’s also home to the 82-kilometer Karhunkierros Trail, the most well-known long-distance walk in Finland.(这里也是 82 公里长的 Karhunkierros 步道的所在地，这是芬兰最著名的长距离步道。)”， King Charles III England Coastal Path, England部分中的“Covering an area of 4, 300 kilometers, the England Coastal Path is a lifetime’s attempt for those who wish to cover every step. (英格兰海岸步道覆盖 4300 公里，对于那些希望走遍每一步的人来说，这是一生的尝试)”和Slovenian Mountain Trail, Slovenia部分中的“This attractive trail covering some 616 kilometers runs from Maribor in the country’s northeast, all the way to Ankaran. (这条迷人的路线全长约 616 公里，从该国东北部的马里博尔一直延伸到安卡兰)”可知，Hyssna Trail这条路径距离最短，故选A。 8．细节理解题。根据Karhunkierros Trall, Finland部分中的“Finnish Lapland is well-known as a winter destination, with magical aurora borealis (极光) and an amazing ancient Sami culture.(芬兰拉普兰是著名的冬季旅游胜地，拥有神奇的北极光和令人惊叹的古老萨米文化。)”可知，在芬兰的徒步路线可以欣赏萨米文化，故选C。 9．细节理解题。根据King Charles III England Coastal Path, England部分中的“ And it can be easily broken down into areas, with northwest, northeast, east, southeast and southwest regions to explore(而且它可以轻松地划分为区域，包括西北、东北、东部、东南和西南地区可供探索。)”和Slovenian Mountain Trail, Slovenia部分中的“And while doing it all together over 28 days might seem extreme, it can be broken into smaller regions(虽然在 28 天内完成所有工作似乎有些极端，但可以将其分成几个较小的区域)”可知，英格兰海岸步道和斯洛文尼亚山地步道的共同点是它们可以被分成小的区域。故选C。 Passage 4 （2025河北保定·高二开学考）This past year I’ve been with two loved ones at the time of their passing. The first passing, last September, was that of my beloved father-in-law at 91, after his lengthy battle with Parkinson’s disease. More recently, I was in the room when my dear friend Thomas Steinbeck passed away at the age of 72 after a long battle with COPD (慢阻肺). There were moments when I wanted to thank them for all they’d done for their loved ones, as well as humanity at large, but there were also times during their more lucid moments when I longed to have them answer some deep philosophical questions. They both knew they were dying, and because of their generous spirits, they would have told me anything I wanted to know. In fact, Thom told me a few weeks before his passing that he didn’t have much time left. While I knew he was struggling with his breathing, I was in denial. I told him that he’d survived the Vietnam War and a number of health challenges, and would survive this setback as well. Looking back, I think he was giving me an opening to talk to him as if he were dying. The death of these two loved ones has taught me a lot. It taught me to be even more mindful in the future, and carefully “listen to the messages” the dying are conveying to me. Had I done so, I might have had a final confirmation of what I meant to these men, although in some ways I already knew because they were the type of individuals who were always open and straightforward with respect to what they believed in. Knowing hearing is the final sense to go, I did take the chance to tell them how much they meant to me, and how much I loved them, and for that I am grateful. 10．What do the author’s two loved ones have in common? A．They were the author’s family members. B．They suffered from long-term illnesses. C．They lost their lives in the same year. D．They were extremely afraid of death. 11．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 2? A．Able to think clearly. B．Eager to walk around. C．Willing to help others. D．Brave to face the future. 12．Why did Thom tell the author he was dying? A．He could no longer accompany the author. B．He desired to make his breathing smooth. C．He was in great need of the author’s care. D．He wanted to have a chat with the author. 13．What did death teach the author about living? A．Death is a time for love and forgiveness. B．Those who are dying are eager to share. C．Hearing is the final sense to disappear. D．It is vital to say what comes naturally. 【答案】10．B 11．A 12．D 13．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从岳父、朋友的离世明白了一个人生道理。即要关注他们生前想要传递的信息，要及时表达自己对他们的感激和爱。 10．细节理解题。根据第一段“This past year I’ve been with two loved ones at the time of their passing. The first passing, last September, was that of my beloved father-in-law at 91, after his lengthy battle with Parkinson’s disease. More recently, I was in the room when my dear friend Thomas Steinbeck passed away at the age of 72 after a long battle with COPD (慢阻肺). (在过去的一年里，我一直陪伴着两位逝去的亲人。第一次离世是去年9月，我深爱的岳父在与帕金森氏症长期斗争后去世，享年91岁。最近，我亲爱的朋友Thomas Steinbeck在与慢性阻塞性肺病长期斗争后去世，享年72岁。)”可知，这两位逝去的亲朋挚友的共同之处是两者都患有长期疾病。故选B。 11．词义猜测题。根据划线单词的下文“when I longed to have them answer some deep philosophical questions. They both knew they were dying, and because of their generous spirits, they would have told me anything I wanted to know. (这时我渴望他们回答一些深刻的哲学问题。他们都知道自己快死了，由于他们的慷慨，他们会告诉我任何我想知道的事情。)”可知，此处when引导的从句内容在补充说明the moments，即我希望在他们思维清醒的时刻向他们提问一些深刻的哲学问题，并渴望他们回答。由此可以推断划线单词lucid的含义是“思维清醒，思路清晰”。故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据第三段“Looking back, I think he was giving me an opening to talk to him as if he were dying. (现在回想起来，我觉得他是在给我一个机会，让我把他当垂死的人一样跟他说话。)”可知，Thom在临终前告诉作者他即将离世，是想跟作者聊聊天，说说话。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The death of these two loved ones has taught me a lot. It taught me to be even more mindful in the future, and carefully “listen to the messages” the dying are conveying to me. Had I done so, I might have had a final confirmation of what I meant to these men, although in some ways I already knew because they were the type of individuals who were always open and straightforward with respect to what they believed in. Knowing hearing is the final sense to go, I did take the chance to tell them how much they meant to me, and how much I loved them, and for that I am grateful. (这两位亲人的离世教会了我很多。它教会了我在未来要更加专注，并仔细地“倾听”临终者传递给我的信息。如果我这样做了，我可能会最终确认我对这些人意味着什么，尽管在某些方面我已经知道了，因为他们是那种对自己的信仰总是开放和坦率的人。我知道听力是最后失去的感官，但我确实抓住机会告诉他们，他们对我有多重要，我有多爱他们，为此我很感激。)”可知，作者认为，如果自己认真听了临终之人传递的信号，最终自己就能够确认自己对他们而言意味着什么。最终，作者也的确抓住机会告诉了他们：他们对自己而言很重要，自己也很爱他们。由此可见，这些都是作者在面对两人即将离世之时想说的，因此推断，说出那些自然而然就出现在脑海中的话是很重要的，不要在临终时留下遗憾。故选D。 Passage 5 （2025河北张家口·高二开学考）One evening, Tom Peterson decided to go on a hike in the mountains near his home. He told his family he’d be back by nightfall, so when he didn’t return as expected, they became concerned. At around 8 p.m., they tried to reach him on his cell phone but received no response. Tom’s brother, Jack, decided to head to the trail (小径) and look for him. When Jack arrived, he found Tom’s backpack on the side of the trail, but there was no sign of Tom himself. Tom’s family became even more anxious. His mother kept picturing him lost and alone, wondering if he was cold, scared, or even injured. She felt helpless, knowing she couldn’t protect her son. His father, on the other hand, struggled to remain calm, reassuring his wife while silently fearing the worst. As midnight approached, Tom’s family decided it was time to call for professional help. The search team arrived swiftly, equipped with flashlights and heat-sensitive cameras, and began combing the trail. Tom, down the hill with an injured ankle, lay in the dark, battling waves of doubt. As the cold night deepened, he questioned if anyone would find him, feeling small and defenceless against the vast wilderness. He turned his flashlight on and off, hoping someone would notice the weak light, holding on to the last bit of hope he had. Finally, the team spotted him about a mile from the main path. Seeing the rescuers approach, Tom’s relief washed over him, and his worries melted away. His family was overjoyed when they saw him, their worst fears replaced by deep thankfulness and newfound appreciation for each other. Later, when asked about how he made it through the long, dark hours alone, Tom shared that it was the thought of his family that kept him going. For him, holding onto the hope of reuniting with them was his only choice in the vast, lonely wilderness. 14．Why were Tom’s family worried initially? A．Tom failed to return home as planned. B．Tom’s phone was switched off all evening. C．Tom left his backpack on the trail intentionally. D．Tom was unprepared for his hike in the mountains. 15．How did Tom’s mother emotionally react to the incident in paragraph 2? A．She doubted the search team’s abilities. B．She blamed Tom for being irresponsible. C．She remained calm and supported her family. D．She felt frustrated about her inability to help Tom. 16．What allowed the rescuers to locate Tom? A．His tracks led them to his location. B．He signaled them with his flashlight. C．He used special cameras to spot them. D．He shouted for help until they heard him. 17．What helped Tom survive the night in the wilderness? A．His rich hiking experience. B．The warm clothes he wore. C．His strong physical strength. D．The belief of seeing his loved ones again. 【答案】14．A 15．D 16．C 17．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了小男孩汤姆傍晚出去徒步，没有在约定时间回来，电话也联系不上，家人很担心，寻找无果后报警，最后救援人员找到他，他因脚踝受伤不能行走，在野外黑暗中想着家人才坚持到获救。 14．细节理解题。根据第一段“He told his family he’d be back by nightfall, so when he didn’t return as expected, they became concerned.(他告诉他的家人他会在傍夜幕降临前回来，所以当他没有像预期的那样回来时，他们开始担心起来)”可知，最初家人开始担心是因为他没有按原来说好的时间回来。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第二段“His mother kept picturing him lost and alone, wondering if he was cold, scared, or even injured. She felt helpless, knowing she couldn’t protect her son.( 他的母亲一直想象着他迷路、孤独的样子，不知道他是冷了、害怕了，还是受伤了。她感到无助，知道自己保护不了儿子)”可知，母亲为自己没有能力帮助到遇到困难的儿子而沮丧无助。故选D项。 16．推理判断题。根据第三段“The search team arrived swiftly, equipped with flashlights and heat-sensitive cameras, and began combing the trail.(搜索队迅速赶到，配备了手电筒和热感应相机，开始搜寻踪迹)”可知，救援人员带有专业的热感应相机，这可以使他们找到汤姆。故选C项。 17．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Later, when asked about how he made it through the long, dark hours alone, Tom shared that it was the thought of his family that kept him going. For him, holding onto the hope of reuniting with them was his only choice in the vast, lonely wilderness.(后来，当被问及他是如何独自度过漫长而黑暗的时光时，汤姆说，是对家人的思念让他坚持了下来。对他来说，在茫茫寂寞的荒野中，抱着与他们团聚的希望是他唯一的选择)”可知，在黑暗的荒野中，是他想要见到亲人的信念使他坚持下来，最终得到救援。故选D项。 Passage 6 （2025江苏南京·高二开学考）John Harper had always been a fan of painting. He used to admire the artworks at galleries and exhibitions, often standing in awe before the pieces that seemed to speak directly to his soul. At 58, he decided it was time to pick up the brush himself. His first attempt at an open art exhibition in downtown New York left him overwhelmed — the vibrancy, the diversity, and the sheer talent on display were like nothing he had ever imagined. “It felt liberating. I thought, ‘This is what I want to do for the rest of my life,’” John said. Painting has since given him a new identity and purpose. All his life, John had worked as an accountant, numbers being his daily companions rather than colors and canvases. Early on, he lost both parents in a tragic accident when he was twenty, which led him to seek comfort in the structured world of finance. For years, his artistic side remained dormant, only coming alive in secret sketches and doodles during breaks from work. After retiring, John rediscovered his love for art. He enrolled in classes, joined local artist groups, and began to showcase his work. “Art allows me to express myself in ways I never could with numbers,” he explains. Through painting, he found a way to heal old wounds and give form to his emotions. “Expressing yourself through colors and shapes is not just about creating something beautiful; it’s also about connecting with your inner self,” he says. Does he still feel disconnected from others? “I’ve come to see my uniqueness as a strength. I celebrate the fact that I don’t fit into a typical mold. It took me this long to find my true calling!” he exclaims. “But now, I know who I am, and I’m proud of it. I wouldn’t trade places with anyone.” 18．How did John feel about his first experience at an art exhibition? A．Intimidated. B．Indifferent. C．Inspired. D．Confused. 19．What caused John to initially suppress his artistic interests? A．His lack of natural talent in art. B．The influence of his accounting job. C．The loss of his parents. D．His fear of failure. 20．How does painting benefit John? A．It improves his financial status. B．It helps him connect with his inner self. C．It makes him more efficient at his job. D．It increases his popularity among peers. 21．Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A．John Harper’s First Exhibition B．John Harper’s Artistic Awakening after Retirement C．John Harper’s Struggle with Accounting D．John Harper’s Impact on Modern Art 【答案】18．C 19．C 20．B 21．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了John在退休后重新发现并追求艺术兴趣的过程，以及这如何改变了他的生活。 18．细节理解题。根据第一段中“His first attempt at an open art exhibition in downtown New York left him overwhelmed — the vibrancy, the diversity, and the sheer talent on display were like nothing he had ever imagined. “It felt liberating. I thought, ‘This is what I want to do for the rest of my life,’” John said. (他在纽约市中心第一次参加开放式艺术展览的经历让他感到震撼——展览中展现的活力、多样性以及纯粹的才华是他从未想象过的。“这让我感到解放。我当时想，‘这就是我余生想做的事情，’”John说道)”可知，John在第一次参加艺术展览时受到了启发。故选C项。 19．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Early on, he lost both parents in a tragic accident when he was twenty, which led him to seek comfort in the structured world of finance. For years, his artistic side remained dormant, only coming alive in secret sketches and doodles during breaks from work. (早年间，他在二十岁时因一场悲剧事故失去了双亲，这促使他在结构化的金融世界中寻求慰藉。多年来，他的艺术天赋一直处于休眠状态，只有在工作间隙的隐秘素描和涂鸦中才得以显现)”可知，失去双亲是John最初压抑艺术兴趣的原因。故选C项。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段中John所说的话“Expressing yourself through colors and shapes is not just about creating something beautiful; it’s also about connecting with your inner self (通过色彩和形状表达自己，不仅仅是创造美丽的事物；它也是与内心自我建立连接的过程)”可知，绘画帮助John与内心的自我建立连接。故选B项。 21．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“After retiring, John rediscovered his love for art. He enrolled in classes, joined local artist groups, and began to showcase his work. (退休后，John重新发现了自己对艺术的热爱。他报名参加了课程，加入了当地的艺术家团体，并开始展示自己的作品)”可知，文章围绕John Harper在退休后重新发现并追求艺术兴趣的过程展开，讲述了他从一名会计师转变为艺术家的心路历程，包括他如何通过绘画找到新的身份和人生目标，以及艺术如何帮助他疗愈过去的创伤并与内心自我建立连接。因此，B项“John Harper退休后的艺术觉醒”最契合文章主旨，既突出了他退休后的转变，也强调了艺术在他生活中的重要性，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 7 （2025江苏盐城·高二开学考）I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running to get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish. Then, seven years ago, when I was 43, I went to talk with someone who had just done the Sahara Desert race. I felt so inspired and promised I would run it, too. A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next. My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. On the first day, I ran for around six to seven hours, eating along the way to get more energy. On day two, I tore my right Achilles tendon (跟腱). I slowed my pace and thought about the soldiers’ charity I was doing the run for. It was nothing compared with some of their injuries. Then, on day 26, it got worse. I couldn’t bear even the light touch of an ice cube. I had to walk through the day, which took almost 11 hours. I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life. On May 20 I finished, four days after my 50th birthday. It’s been a long progression from being an unfit slacker (懒散的人) to where I am now. I have a better body now than at any point in my life. Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already. 22．How was the author’s first marathon? A．He didn’t finish it. B．He didn’t do it well. C．He got hurt halfway. D．He fell in love with it. 23．What was the writer’s purpose of running marathons in the UK? A．To raise money for a charity. B．To create a new world record. C．To prepare for a marathon race. D．To push himself to reach the goal. 24．What does the author think is the most important quality he has? A．Kindness. B．Curiosity. C．Bravery. D．Determination. 25．What can be the best title for the text? A．Never Stop Running B．Running Makes Success C．Being Prepared for Running D．Running for a Better Future 【答案】22．B 23．A 24．D 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从首次艰难完成马拉松到挑战自我，连续在英国66个城市完成50公里跑，为慈善筹款并纪念父亲的故事。 22．细节理解题。根据首段中的“I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish.(我25岁时第一次跑马拉松。我开始跑步是为了健身，我想试一试。然而，我开始得太快了，发现它很痛苦，挣扎着完成)”可知，作者第一次跑马拉松时起始速度过快，痛苦并挣扎着完成。由此可知，作者的第一次马拉松做得不好。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My father, a former soldier, had just died of cancer and I wanted to gather fund (资金) for a soldiers charity in his memory. There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between. (我的父亲是一名退伍军人，刚刚死于癌症，我想为一个军人慈善机构筹集资金，以纪念他。英国有66个城市，所以我提出了一个挑战——在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日)”可知，作者的父亲是一位前军人，因癌症去世，作者希望为一个军人慈善机构筹集资金以纪念他。由此可知，作者在英国跑步的主要目的是为慈善事业筹集资金。故选A项。 24．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I kept telling myself I couldn’t fail. If I quit, the pain would have stopped, but I knew I would regret it for the rest of my life.(我一直告诉自己我不能失败。如果我放弃了，痛苦就会停止，但我知道我会后悔一辈子)”以及尾段中的“I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already.(我只是有决心，并且已经计划好了下一个目标)”可知，作者在感到痛苦的时候不断提醒自己不能放弃，并且认为自己有决心。由此推知，作者认为决心是他最重要的品质。故选D项。 25．主旨大意题。根据首段中的“I did my first marathon at 25. I’d taken up running go get fit and thought I’d give it a try. However, I started too fast, found it very painful and struggled to finish.(我25岁时第一次跑马拉松。我开始跑步是为了健身，我想试一试。然而，我开始得太快了，发现它很痛苦，挣扎着完成)”可知，作者第一次跑马拉松做的不好，根据第二段中的“A year later, I completed 24-hour ultra-marathon in the Namibian desert, I wondered what on earth I could do next.(一年后，我在纳米比亚沙漠完成了24小时超级马拉松，我想知道接下来我到底能做什么)”和“There are 66 cities in the UK so I came up with a challenge — a 50 km marathon in each city, no rest days in between.(英国有66个城市，所以我提出了一个挑战——在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日)”可知，作者一年后完成了24小时超级马拉松，并在接下来挑战在每个城市跑50公里的马拉松，中间没有休息日，并最终取得成功，结合尾段的“Anyone can do this, I’m not a superhuman. I’m just determined, and I have the next thing planned already.(任何人都能做到，我不是超人。我只是有决心，并且已经计划好了下一个目标)”可知，作者从第一次艰难的马拉松经历，到后来挑战自我完成一系列极限跑步，展现了作者不会停止追求新的目标的决心。由此可知，“Never Stop Running(永不停止奔跑)”最能概括文本的主题思想，适合作为最佳标题。故选A项。 Passage 8 （2025浙江·高二开学考）In The Society of the Spectacle (1967，《景观社会》), French philosopher Guy Debord unveiled a radical critique of modern capitalism, arguing that social relations had been replaced by mediated images — a phenomenon he termed “the spectacle.” This concept builds on Marx’s critique of commodity fetishism but shifts focus from material production to cultural consumption. Debord posits that the spectacle is “a social relationship mediated by images”, where passive consumption of media, advertising, and entertainment obscures real human interactions. Unlike Marx’s era of tangible commodity domination, today’s capitalism operates through three spectacle forms: concentrated (authoritarian regimes manipulating heroic imagery), diffuse (consumerist societies masking control behind illusory choices), and integrated (a hybrid system combining technology, state power, and perpetual presentism). Central to his thesis is the idea of separation: workers are alienated (异化) not only from their labor but also from leisure, as non-working hours become colonized by spectacles like television and social media. This creates “lonely crowds” who mistake curated images for authentic experiences. For instance, advertising transforms diamonds into symbols of love, fabricating desires detached from material needs. Debord’s analysis extends to time and space. He critiques “pseudo-cyclical time” where media cycles erase historical consciousness, and urban planning isolates individuals in “psychogeographical” (心理地理学) traps. His solution—“situations” created through revolutionary art — aims to shatter spectacle-induced passivity. While criticized for technological determinism, Debord’s work remains vital in analyzing digital-era phenomena like influencer culture and algorithm-driven “information cocoons”. As he warned: “The spectacle is the sun that never sets over the empire of modern passivity.” 26．According to Debord, what fundamentally characterizes the spectacle society? A．The rise of artificial intelligence in labor markets. B．Social relationships replaced by image-based mediation. C．Government censorship of historical narratives. D．Environmental degradation caused by consumerism. 27．Which of the following is NOT a form of spectacle identified by Debord? A．Integrated scene combining technology and state power. B．Diffuse spectacle promoting illusory consumer freedom. C．Revolutionary spectacle advocating proletarian uprising. D．Concentrated scenery centered on authoritarian imagery. 28．What does the author mean by mentioning “diamonds as symbols of love”? A．Describe the economic value of luxury goods. B．Illustrate spectacle’s creation of artificial desires. C．Present romantic ideals in capitalist societies. D．Uncover environmental impacts of mining industries. 29．Which title best captures the article’s critical perspective on Debord’s theory? A．The Spectacle Society: When Image Dominates Reality. B．Imperial Image: A Modern Alienation Beyond Debord. C．From Factories to Screens: The Evolution of Labor Exploitation. D．Art Versus Algorithms: Reshaping Cultural Consumption. 【答案】26．B 27．C 28．B 29．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了法国哲学家居伊·德波在《景观社会》中对现代资本主义的激进批判，他提出了“景观”概念，指出社会关系被图像中介所取代。 26．细节理解题。根据第一段“French philosopher Guy Debord unveiled a radical critique of modern capitalism, arguing that social relations had been replaced by mediated images — a phenomenon he termed ‘the spectacle’.(法国哲学家居伊·德波对现代资本主义进行了激进的批判，他认为社会关系已经被中介图像所取代——他把这种现象称之为‘景观’。)”可知，根据德波的说法，景观社会的根本特征是社会关系被基于图像的中介所取代。故选B。 27．细节理解题。根据第二段“today’s capitalism operates through three spectacle forms: concentrated (authoritarian regimes manipulating heroic imagery), diffuse (consumerist societies masking control behind illusory choices), and integrated (a hybrid system combining technology, state power, and perpetual presentism).(今天的资本主义通过三种景观形式运作：集中（权威政权操纵英雄形象）、分散（消费主义社会在虚幻选择背后掩盖控制）和综合（结合技术、国家权力和永久现在主义的混合系统）”。)”可知，德波确定的景观形式包括结合技术和国家权力的综合场景、宣扬虚幻消费者自由的分散景观和以权威形象为中心的集中场景，而不包括倡导无产阶级起义的革命景观。故选C。 28．推理判断题。根据第三段“For instance, advertising transforms diamonds into symbols of love, fabricating desires detached from material needs.(例如，广告将钻石转化为爱情的象征，制造出与物质需求脱节的欲望。)”可知，作者提到“钻石作为爱情的象征”是为了说明景观创造人造欲望。故选B。 29．推理判断题。文章主要介绍了德波在《景观社会》中对现代资本主义的批判，他提出景观概念，指出社会关系被图像中介所取代，今天的资本主义通过三种景观形式运作，景观创造人造欲望，还批判了媒体周期抹去历史意识以及城市规划将个体孤立在“心理地理学”陷阱中。由此可知，“景观社会：当图像支配现实”最能体现文章对德波理论的批判视角。故选A。 Passage 9 （2025安徽·高二开学考）From Beijing, more than 400 kilometers away, all the way up north, the temperature gradually drops. With the emergence of fire prevention warnings, Saihanba (塞罕坝), known as a “miracle on earth”, begins to come into view. In October, the cold wind blowing from Siberia has dyed (染色) Saihanba golden. In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. Whenever the north wind blows, the windy sand located in Inner Mongolia will drive southward, reaching Beijing and Tianjin. After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). On Oct 9, watchmen Liu Jun and Wang Juan were observing the surrounding forest area on a watchtower in Saihanba Forest Farm in Hebei province. Liu is in charge of the observation and Wang keeps recording. “Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. Saihanba today is not only a “green Great Wall” for windbreak and sand fixation (固化), but also a timber (林木) source. Many people would doubt why the trees that have grown up here are to be cut down in a planned way. Liu explains that most of the trees here are planted forest, and the forest species are relatively single, unlike natural forests that can adapt on their own and survive the fittest. The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. 30．What can be learned about Saihanba from the first three paragraphs? A．It is suffering from a cold wind. B．It is weathering a sandstorm. C．Its desertification is under control. D．Its climate is beyond expectation. 31．Which of the following best describes the watchmen? A．Bored but attentive. B．Lonely but committed. C．Tired but engaged. D．Simple but responsible. 32．Why are some trees in Saihanba cut down? A．To prevent potential fire. B．To study its disease prevention. C．To promote its biodiversity. D．To ensure its healthy development. 33．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Green Guardian B．The Sand Wasteland C．The Timber Farm D．The Golden Miracle 【答案】30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章记录了塞罕坝60余年来防沙固沙、植树造林的成果、相关工作人员付出的艰辛、以及当前它可被作为林木资源的原因。 30．推理判断题。根据第三段“After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. Occasionally, a gust of wind passes by, and they would just sigh and shout how strong the wind is, but they would not feel sandblasted (喷砂). (经过半个多世纪的森林种植，来到塞罕坝的人很难想象那里干旱的景象。偶尔，一阵风吹过，他们只是叹息，呼叫着着风有多强，但他们不会感到被喷砂。)”可知，经过半个多世纪的森林种植，狂风吹过时，不会有面部被喷砂的感觉，由此推断沙尘减少，沙漠化得到控制。故选C。 31．推理判断题。根据第五段““Spring and autumn are the critical fire prevention periods for our forest farm. We need to stay here for three months, have three meals a day, work and live in the building,” says Liu Jun, who has been engaged in observation for 13 years. Simple as it looks, the job is quite the burden on their shoulders. Only by enjoying loneliness can they keep this forest safe and sound. (“春季和秋季是我们林场防火的关键时期。我们需要在这里呆三个月，每天吃三顿饭，在这里工作和生活，”从事观测工作13年的刘军说。这项工作虽然看起来很简单，但对他们来说却是个不小的负担。只有享受孤独，他们才能保持这片森林的安全。)”可知，守护林场的守望者在林场防火的关键时期需要呆3个月，这项工作简单但任务艰巨，所以这些守望者是孤独但坚定的。故选B。 32．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The selective cutting of plantation forests is more like thinning when farmers plant crops. Only in this way can the nutrient area be expanded and diseased plants also be removed to ensure the healthy development of the forest areas. (对人工林的选择性砍伐更像是农民种植作物时的间伐。只有这样，才能扩大营养面积，也才能清除病株，保证林区的健康发展。)”可知，Saihanba的一些树被砍倒是为了确保其健康发展。故选D。 33．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“In Mongolian, Saihanba means beautiful high mountains. However, Saihanba was a desert of “yellow sand covering the sky and flying birds without inhabiting trees” 62 years ago. (在蒙古语中，塞罕坝的意思是美丽的高山。62年前，塞罕坝是一片“黄沙遮天，鸟飞无树”的沙漠。)”，第三段“After more than half a century of forest plantation, people who have come to Saihanba can hardly imagine the arid (干旱) scene. (经过半个多世纪的森林种植，来到塞罕坝的人很难想象那里干旱的景象。)”可知，文章讲述塞罕坝现已改善了沙漠化，变成美丽的绿洲，塞罕坝是绿色守护者，同时这些护林员也同样是绿色守护者，因此文章最好的标题是“绿色卫士”，一语双关。故选A。 Passage 10 （2025福建泉州·高二开学考）There are many kinds of jobs in the world, and if people can’t find their ideal job, they can always create one. Molly Lewis did just that by becoming a professional whistler (吹口哨的人). Shane O’ Neill writes in The Washington Post, “If you’re a famous comedian, you may get the frightening ‘Tell me a joke!’ from a stranger. If you think that’s bad, try being a professional whistler.” “It happens all the time,” said Molly Lewis with a smile. “Sometimes I’ll oblige.” Lewis released her album, On the Lips, in February, to promote whistling. “People often don't know much about whistle music apart from some pop songs,” Lewis said. “But I think it's a beautiful instrument.” People gradually notice whistle music. She whistled a singer's What Was I Made For?, which appeared in the Barbie movie. Lewis adds depth to whistling, which is usually seen as cheerful or absent-minded. She is inspired by artists like the couple, Marty and Elayne. “They played for 37 years, five nights a week, and it was very special,” Lewis said. Lewis learned to whistle at four but took it seriously after seeing Pucker Up, a 2005 documentary about competitive whistling. She attended the International Whistlers Convention in 2012 and has performed in music clubs since then. Starting in 2017, Lewis performed shows called Cafe Molly at Zebulon, attracting many notable figures. On tour, she aims to create an atmosphere of elegance, an atmosphere she hopes to bring home with On the Lips. 34．Which can explain the underlined word “oblige” in paragraph 2? A．Accept. B．Decline. C．Promise. D．Ignore. 35．What did Lewis intend to do with her album? A．Stress the role of whistling. B．Get whistling recognized. C．Give credit for a movie. D．Attract youngsters' attention. 36．What did Lewis think of Marty and Elayne? A．They are excited. B．They are frightened. C．They are stressed. D．They are committed. 37．How did Pucker Up affect Lewis? A．It gave her easy access to music clubs. B．It earned her international reputation. C．It deepened her devotion to whistling. D．It recognized her talent as a whistler. 【答案】34．A 35．B 36．D 37．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Molly Lewis通过推广口哨音乐，让更多人认识到口哨的美妙，并成为职业吹口哨者的故事。 34．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“If you’re a famous comedian, you may get the frightening ‘Tell me a joke!’ from a stranger. If you think that’s bad, try being a professional whistler.(如果你是一名喜剧演员，在某个时候，你会从一个陌生人那里得到可怕的‘给我讲个笑话!’。如果你认为这很糟糕，试着做一名专业的吹口哨者。)”可知，有时候喜剧演员被陌生人要求讲个笑话，可能会感觉很糟糕，而如果做名专业的吹口哨者则不会有这种糟糕的体验，由此可推测出，“‘It happens all the time,’ said Molly Lewis with a smile. ‘Sometimes I’ll oblige.’(‘这种事经常发生，’Molly Lewis笑着说。‘有时候我会oblige。’)”表示的是作为吹口哨者她总会被要求吹个口哨，而她有时候会答应请求，所以猜测oblige表“同意，接受”的意思。故选A项。 35．细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Lewis released her album, On the Lips, in February, to promote whistling.(Lewis于2月发行了她的专辑《On the Lips》，以推广吹口哨。)”可知，她发行这张专辑是为了推广口哨音乐，让更多人认识到口哨音乐的美妙。故选B项。 36．推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“They played for 37 years, five nights a week, and it was very special(他们练习了37年，每周练习五个晚上，这很特别)”可知，Molly Lewis认为这对夫妇非常投入和敬业。故选D项。 37．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Lewis learned to whistle at four but took it seriously after seeing Pucker Up, a 2005 documentary about competitive whistling. She attended the International Whistlers Convention in 2012 and has performed in music clubs since then.(Lewis在四岁时学会了吹口哨，但在观看了2005年关于竞技吹口哨的纪录片《Pucker Up》后，他认真对待了这件事。她于2012年参加了国际惠斯勒大会，此后一直在音乐俱乐部演出。)”可知，这部纪录片让她开始认真对待吹口哨，更加投入其中。故选C项。 Passage 11 （2025浙江金华·高二开学考）We’ve all had the experience. We’re reading along and suddenly realize that although our eyes are scanning the words on the page, nothing is actually registering. Minutes pass before we realize that we’ve lost the plot entirely. In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical — the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history. In a 2024 study of “mindless reading,” researchers from the University of Wü rzburg tracked the reading speed and attention of undergraduates studying a complex science text. At multiple points during the exercise, prompts (提示) appeared asking students “Was your mind wandering when you read the last sentence?” Students confirmed multiple instances of loss of attention. Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material, and also predicted poorer performance on later tests. But these problems are not insolvable. The University of Wü rzburg researchers also concluded that when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages — and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading” — they were able to successfully re-route their attention. To convince students of the importance of effective reading strategies, it’s important to explain the long-term benefits of sticking through complex texts. For example, learning how to make sense of a technical science text may help if students decide to work in engineering. The skills they use to make sense of a history text may help in future legal careers. Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.” 38．Students tend to lose their focus while reading if ________. A．the reading text is long B．they are in a classroom C．the reading material is complex D．they are middle or high schoolers 39．Which of the following is a signal of “mindless reading”? A．Reading too quickly. B．Poor performance on tests. C．Changes in reading speed. D．Spending much time reading. 40．What should students do if they experience “mindless reading”? A．Change the reading materials. B．Get to know why they get stuck on passages. C．Learn to notice when their attention wanders. D．Pay more attention to sentence-level information. 41．What is Shanahan’s attitude to helping students push through difficult texts? A．Favorable. B．Cautious. C．Doubtful. D．Unclear. 【答案】38．C 39．C 40．C 41．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了学生在阅读复杂或具有技术性的文本时容易分心，并且对其后果进行了分析，提出了解决的方法，并强调培养有效阅读策略的重要性。 38．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In classrooms, students tend to experience this drift (偏移) in attention while reading texts that are challenging or highly technical—the sorts of passages middle schoolers and high schoolers might encounter in science, math, or history.”(在课堂上，学生在阅读具有挑战性或高度技术性的文本时往往会注意力涣散——这类文本可能出现在中学生或高中生的科学、数学或历史内容中)”可知，学生在阅读复杂材料时容易失去注意力。故选C。 39．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers found that variations in reading speed, lingering (逗留) on the same passage for long periods, and skipping words were signals that students were struggling to remain focused or to understand the material.(研究人员发现，阅读速度的变化、长时间停留在同一段落，以及跳过单词是学生难以集中注意力或理解材料的信号)”可知，“心不在焉的阅读”的信号是阅读速度发生变化。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“when students were trained to recognize when they lost track of sentence-level information or got stuck on passages—and were taught strategies to “plan, monitor, and regulate their reading”—they were able to successfully re-route their attention.(当学生被训练识别出他们在句子层面上失去信息或在段落中卡住时——并被教授“计划、监控和调节阅读”的策略——他们能够成功地重新集中注意力)”可知，学生应学会识别什么时候注意力涣散了。故选C。 41．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Try to make it clear, literacy expert Timothy Shanahan says, that when we teach students how to push through difficult texts, “what we’re really doing is showing them how to gain access to all of these different fields in our society.(试着讲清楚，阅读专家蒂莫西·沙纳汉说，当我们教学生如何克服难懂的文本时，“我们实际上是在向他们展示如何进入我们社会的所有这些不同领域。”)”可知，Shanahan对帮助学生克服困难文本持支持态度。故选A。 Passage 12 （2025江苏南京·高二开学考）In recent years, a new trend has emerged among young travelers in Japan who are increasingly opting for “off-the-beaten-path” destinations instead of flocking to famous tourist spots. This phenomenon, known as counter-tourism, is gaining popularity as it offers tourists a chance to explore quieter and less commercialized areas. Data from a major online travel agency reveals that bookings for accommodations in lesser-known towns increased by 25% year-on-year during the holiday season. Moreover, reservations for boutique hotels in these locations surged by at least fivefold. Lesser-known attractions saw significant growth, with some reporting over 20% more visitors compared to the previous year. For example, the serene countryside of Shimane Prefecture welcomed approximately 30,000 visitors over seven days, marking a 17% increase year-over-year. Travelers are choosing these quieter locales not only to avoid crowded places but also to enjoy lower costs and experience genuine local culture. In contrast to popular tourist hotspots, which can be overly commercialized, these hidden gems offer more authentic experiences and natural encounters. Additionally, changes in travel preferences reflect a growing desire among tourists for deeper relaxation and meaningful engagement with their surroundings. The ongoing impact of environmental concerns and sustainability efforts also plays a role in this shift. Travelers are becoming more conscious of their ecological footprint and prefer destinations that promote sustainable tourism practices. As a result, they are more likely to choose eco-friendly accommodations and activities. An editorial in the Tokyo Times noted that the rise of counter-tourism could have positive implications for both tourists and the industry. It encourages diversity in travel options and forces traditional tourist hubs to innovate and improve their offerings. More importantly, it helps distribute economic benefits more evenly across different regions. Professor Sato, a tourism expert, suggests that to fully capitalize on this trend, greater emphasis should be placed on developing unique local experiences and promoting lesser-known cultural heritage sites. Highlighting regional traditions and fostering community involvement are key strategies for enhancing the appeal of off-the-beaten-path destinations. 42．What do the statistics in paragraph 2 indicate? A．The success of travel agencies in Japan. B．The profitability of hotels during holidays. C．The contribution of tourism to the economy. D．The rising trend of counter-tourism in Japan. 43．What is the fundamental reason behind the emergence of counter-tourism? A．Environmental awareness. B．Changing travel preferences. C．Lower travel costs. D．Lack of innovation in well-known attractions. 44．How does the Tokyo Times view counter-tourism? A．It will decline as environmental concerns diminish. B．It benefits both tourists and the tourism market. C．It enhances the spread of local culture to tourists. D．It hinders the development of popular tourist spots. 45．According to Professor Sato, what advice is given for developing the tourism market? A．Improving infrastructure in tourist areas. B．Enhancing management rules for tourist attractions. C．Exploring the potential and uniqueness of lesser-known attractions. D．Promoting local characteristics through social media 【答案】42．D 43．B 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出近年来，日本年轻游客中兴起了一种“反向旅游”趋势，他们更倾向于选择人迹罕至的目的地，而非热门景点，以享受更安静、低成本和真实的当地文化体验。 42．推理判断题。根据第二段“Data from a major online travel agency reveals that bookings for accommodations in lesser-known towns increased by 25% year-on-year during the holiday season. Moreover, reservations for boutique hotels in these locations surged by at least fivefold. Lesser-known attractions saw significant growth, with some reporting over 20% more visitors compared to the previous year. For example, the serene countryside of Shimane Prefecture welcomed approximately 30,000 visitors over seven days, marking a 17% increase year-over-year. (一家大型在线旅行社的数据显示，在假期期间，知名度较低的小镇的住宿预订量同比增长了25%。此外，这些地区的精品酒店预订量至少增长了五倍。冷门景点的游客数量也显著增加，一些景点的游客数量同比增长超过20%。例如，岛根县宁静的乡村在七天内接待了约30000名游客，同比增长了17%)”可推知，这些数据表明，越来越多的游客选择“冷门”目的地，反映了日本“反向旅游”趋势的兴起。故选D项。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Travelers are choosing these quieter locales not only to avoid crowded places but also to enjoy lower costs and experience genuine local culture. (旅行者选择这些较为安静的地方，不仅是为了避开拥挤的场所，也是为了享受更低的成本并体验真正的当地文化)”和“Additionally, changes in travel preferences reflect a growing desire among tourists for deeper relaxation and meaningful engagement with their surroundings. (此外，旅行偏好的变化反映了游客对更深层次放松和与周围环境有意义互动的日益增长的需求)”可知，“反向旅游”出现的根本原因是旅行偏好的改变。故选B项。 44．细节理解题。根据第五段中“An editorial in the Tokyo Times noted that the rise of counter-tourism could have positive implications for both tourists and the industry. (《东京时报》的一篇社论指出，“反向旅游”趋势的兴起对游客和旅游业都可能产生积极的影响)”可知，《东京时报》认为“反向旅游”趋势对游客和旅游业都有积极影响。故选B项。 45．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Professor Sato, a tourism expert, suggests that to fully capitalize on this trend, greater emphasis should be placed on developing unique local experiences and promoting lesser-known cultural heritage sites. (旅游专家Sato教授建议，为了充分利用这一趋势，应更加注重开发独特的本地体验，并推广鲜为人知的文化遗产地)”可知，为了发展旅游市场，Sato教授建议探索冷门景点的潜力和独特性。故选C项。 Passage 13 （2025山东潍坊·高二开学考）Any schoolchild knows that a whale breathes through its blowhole. Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. And only a dedicated expert would know that while toothed whales, such as sperm whales, have one hole, baleen whales, such as humpback and Rice’s whales, have two. Even among the baleen whales, the placing of those nostrils differs. In some species, they are close together. In others, they are much further apart. In a paper published in Biology Letters Conor Ryan, a marine biologist at the Scottish Association for Marine Science, suggests why that might be. Having two nostrils, he argues, helps whales smell in stereo (立体空间). Many types of baleen whales eat tiny animals known as zooplankton (浮游动物), which they catch by filtering them from seawater using the sheets of fibrous baleen that have replaced teeth in their mouths. But to eat something you first have to find it. Toothed whales do not hunt by scent. In fact, the olfactory (嗅觉的) bulb (球状物) — the part of the brain that processes smell — is absent in such creatures. But baleen whales still have olfactory bulbs, which suggests smell remains important. And scent can indeed give zooplankton away. Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. Dr. Ryan theorized that paired blowholes might bring baleen whales the same sorts of benefits. The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. 46．What do we know about whales’ nostrils according to the first two paragraphs? A．They are developed merely for smell. B．They are adapted ones. C．They are not easy to detect. D．They are not fixed universally in numbers. 47．What plays a role when baleen whales hunt zooplankton? A．The smell that phytoplankton send. B．The teeth that baleen whales have. C．The sound waves that zooplankton create. D．The chemical signals that zooplankton give off. 48．How is the concept of stereoscopic senses explained in paragraph 4? A．By quoting a theory. B．By making a contrast. C．By using examples. D．By making inferences. 49．What is the position of nostrils related to according to the last paragraph? A．The ability to give off smells. B．The possibility to attract food. C．The ability to communicate. D．The ability to locate food. 【答案】46．B 47．A 48．C 49．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了鲸鱼的鼻孔特征及其与觅食行为的关系。 46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Fewer know that a blowhole is a nostril (鼻孔) slightly changed by evolution into a form more useful for a mammal that spends its life at sea. (很少有人知道，呼吸孔是一种经过轻微进化的鼻孔，对于在海洋中生活的哺乳动物来说，它的形式更有用)”可知，鲸鱼的鼻孔是经过适应性进化的。故选B。 47．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Zooplankton like to eat other tiny creatures called phytoplankton (浮游植物). When these are under attack, they release a special gas called dim-ethyl sulphide (二甲硫), which in turn attracts baleen whales. (浮游动物喜欢吃其他被称为浮游植物的微小生物。当浮游植物受到攻击时，它们会释放出一种叫做二甲硫的特殊气体，这种气体反过来又会吸引须鲸)”可知，当须鲸捕食浮游动物时，浮游植物散发的气味起了作用。故选A。 48．推理判断题。根据第四段“Most animals have stereoscopic senses. Having two eyes, for instance, allows an animal to compare the images from each in order to perceive depth. Having two ears lets them locate the direction from which a sound is coming. (大多数动物都有立体感觉。例如，拥有两只眼睛可以让动物比较来自每只眼睛的图像，从而感知深度。拥有两只耳朵可以让它们确定声音传来的方向)”可推知，作者通过举例子的方式解释了立体感觉的概念。故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The farther apart the sensory organs are, the more information can be extracted by the animal that bears them. The researchers used drones to photograph the nostrils of 143 whales belonging to 14 different species. Sure enough, baleen whales that often eat zooplankton, such as the North Atlantic right whale (北大西洋露脊鲸), have nostrils that are farther apart than those, such as humpback whales (座头鲸), that eat zooplankton occasionally. Besides allowing them to breathe, it seems that some whales use their blowholes to determine in which direction dinner lies. (感觉器官之间的距离越远，拥有这些感觉器官的动物就能提取到越多的信息。研究人员使用无人机拍摄了属于14个不同物种的143头鲸鱼的鼻孔。果然，像北大西洋露脊鲸这种经常以浮游动物为食的须鲸，它们的鼻孔间距要比像座头鲸这种偶尔以浮游动物为食的须鲸的鼻孔间距更大。除了能够让它们呼吸之外，似乎一些鲸鱼还会利用它们的喷气孔来判断食物所在的方向)”可知，鼻孔的位置与鲸鱼定位食物的能力有关。故选D。 Passage 14 （2025河南·高二开学考）At some level, advice on how to inspire employees is silly. It’s usually either obvious — be good at your job, be passionate about the work and make the people on your teams feel valued — or shockingly inauthentic（不真实的）. But much more practical insights can be found in a coming book called Inspire: The Universal Path for Leading Yourself and Others, by Adam Galinsky, an academic at Columbia Business School. Lots of firms use a series of boringly abstract words to convey their goal: “change”, “innovate”, “connect” and so on. Mr Galinsky cites an experiment that showed the effect of more concrete language. In it, teams were asked to design toys and given a vision statement to guide their behaviour. Teams who were handed a statement with more visual language — to create toys that “… make wide-eyed kids laugh and proud parents smile” — produced more engaging toys than teams who were given something more general. Another study is mentioned in Mr Galinsky’s book. Participants were asked to reflect on important events in their lives, such as their choice of college. Some were also asked to think about how things would have turned out if this event had not happened. This group attributed greater meaning to the event in question, whether because they concluded fate had played a part in it or because it forced them to think through its results more clearly. This type of counterfactual thinking（反事实思维） can also be used to strengthen employees’ ties to firms: Prompting people to imagine a world in which their company does not exist seems to increase a sense of belonging. Perhaps the most striking idea in Mr Galinsky’s book is that, instead of bosses motivating people from above, individuals can do it for themselves. In this study some Swiss citizens who had newly registered with a government employment agency were asked to do a10 - to 15-minute exercise in which they reflected on values that mattered to them. They were three times more likely to find a job than those who did not do the exercise. 50．Why is a statement with more visual language mentioned? A．To promote a lively air in firms. B．To prove Mr Galinsky’s view. C．To state richness of a language. D．To persuade readers to value expression. 51．What role does the counterfactual thinking play in a firm? A．It promotes employees’ sense of belonging. B．It makes employees reflect on their strengths. C．It inspires employees to study hard. D．It trains employees to be creative. 52．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．An interesting example about designing toys. B．Individuals’ self-motivation for job-seeking. C．Practical use of Swiss government measures. D．An employment plan from Columbia Business School. 53．What is the text probably? A．An introduction. B．A research article. C．A news report. D．A journal. 【答案】50．B 51．A 52．B 53．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了哥伦比亚商学院学者Adam Galinsky在即将出版的Inspire: The Universal Path for Leading Yourself and Others一书中提到的激励员工的独特方法。 50．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mr Galinsky cites an experiment that showed the effect of more concrete language. In it, teams were asked to design toys and given a vision statement to guide their behavior. (加林斯基先生引用了一项实验，该实验显示了更具体的语言的效果。在实验中，团队被要求设计玩具，并给出一份视觉性陈述来指导他们的行为。)”可知，更多视觉语言的陈述是为了显示更具体的语言的效果，即证明加林斯基先生的观点。故选B。 51．细节理解题。根据第三段“This type of counterfactual thinking（反事实思维） can also be used to strengthen employees’ ties to firms: Prompting people to imagine a world in which their company does not exist seems to increase a sense of belonging. (这种反事实思维也可以用来加强员工与公司的联系：促使人们想象一个不存在自己公司的世界，似乎可以增加归属感。)”可知，反事实思维在公司中可以提高员工的归属感。故选A。 52．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Perhaps the most striking idea in Mr Galinsky’s book is that, instead of bosses motivating people from above, individuals can do it for themselves. (也许加林斯基书中最引人注目的观点是，职场中个人可以自我激励，而不是老板从上面激励员工。)”可知最后一段主要讲述个人在职场中的自我激励。故选B。 53．推理判断题。根据第一段“But much more practical insights can be found in a coming book called Inspire: The Universal Path for Leading Yourself and Others, by Adam Galinsky, an academic at Columbia Business School. (但在即将出版的《激励：领导自己和他人的通用之路》一书中可以找到更实用的见解，作者是哥伦比亚商学院的学者Adam Galinsky)”可知，本文主要介绍Adam Galinsky的一本书。故选A。 Passage 15 （2025湖北·高二开学考）Over the past 40 years, neuroscience (神经科学) researchers have begun to build a remarkably accurate picture of what exactly happens in the brain during adolescence (青春期). One area of research has been neuroplasticity — that is, the brain’s ability to reorganise itself by forming new neural connections. During childhood, the brain’s 86 billion neurons create numerous connection patterns. Each time we learn to do something, neural pathways are created that allow us to repeat and improve upon the action. By adulthood, neural pathways that have been used frequently become “fixed”, whereas the less-used or unused pathways disappear. These stronger “fixed” connections enable adults to have more complex thoughts and to carry out regular actions more effectively. However, the disappearance of other less-used connections reduces the brain’s “flexibility”. As a result, adults find it harder to master new skills or remember unfamiliar information. It used to be thought that teenagers’ brains were similar to adults in this respect, but research has revealed that the teenage brain still has tremendous “plasticity” — less than in childhood, but more than adults — and so teenagers are better at learning and memorising things than adults. This means this is a great age to develop new skills such as playing an instrument, learning to drive or speaking a new language. Recent research has even shown that a person’s IQ, which was previously thought to be unchanging, can improve in the teen years! Research has also shown a further difference in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of teenagers and adults. The PFC is the area of the brain that’s responsible for abstract thinking. Its functions include planning. predicting the results of actions as well as regulation of emotions, and focusing on goals. Unlike in adults, the teenage PFC is still developing, which explains why teenagers can be impulsive (冲动的) and take risks and why they find it hard to concentrate and make good choices. Psychiatrist Dr Daniel Siegel thinks the teenage years are very exciting ones. He believes that learning about how their brains work helps teenagers develop their emotional intelligence and thought processes, allowing them to be the very best person they can be. It seems then, that the teenage years are the ideal time to learn problem-solving and critical thinking skills. 54．What happens to neural pathways as individuals grow from children to adults? A．Some disappear because new connections are formed. B．Some become strengthened through frequent use. C．They increase in number but decrease in strength. D．They remain highly flexible throughout adulthood. 55．What does higher brain plasticity mean to teenagers? A．They have more intelligence than adults. B．They have a remarkable ability to learn. C．They can play an instrument better than adults. D．They have an intense interest in learning. 56．How are teenagers influenced by the PFC? A．They act without much consideration. B．They can memorise things very quickly. C．They experience powerful emotions. D．They adapt to new environments easily. 57．What is Dr Daniel Siegel’s opinion? A．Adolescence is the most difficult period of life. B．Teenagers’ brain development is already complete. C．Teenagers should be given more freedom and independence. D．Studying the development of teenagers’ brains benefits them. 【答案】54．B 55．B 56．A 57．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经科学对青少年大脑的研究，包括神经可塑性和前额叶皮层的发育特点及其影响。 54．细节理解题。根据第二段中“By adulthood, neural pathways that have been used frequently become “fixed”, whereas the less-used or unused pathways disappear. These stronger “fixed” connections enable adults to have more complex thoughts and to carry out regular actions more effectively.(到成年后，经常使用的神经通路变得“固定”，而较少使用或未使用的神经通路则消失。这些更强的“固定”连接使成年人有更复杂的想法，并更有效地执行常规行动)”可知，随着个体从儿童成长为成年人，经常被使用的神经通路会变得“固定”，也就是得到了加强。故选B项。 55．细节理解题。根据第三段中“It used to be thought that teenagers’ brains were similar to adults in this respect, but research has revealed that the teenage brain still has tremendous “plasticity” — less than in childhood, but more than adults — and so teenagers are better at learning and memorising things than adults. This means this is a great age to develop new skills such as playing an instrument, learning to drive or speaking a new language.(过去人们认为，青少年的大脑在这方面与成年人相似，但研究表明，青少年的大脑仍然具有巨大的“可塑性”——比儿童时期少，但比成年人多——因此，青少年在学习和记忆方面比成年人更好。这意味着这是一个培养新技能的好年龄，比如演奏乐器、学习开车或说一门新语言)”可知，青少年大脑具有更高的可塑性，这意味着他们比成年人更擅长学习和记忆东西，也就是他们有很强的学习能力。故选B项。 56．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Unlike in adults, the teenage PFC is still developing, which explains why teenagers can be impulsive (冲动的) and take risks and why they find it hard to concentrate and make good choices.(与成年人不同，青少年的PFC仍在发育中，这就解释了为什么青少年会冲动、冒险，以及为什么他们很难集中注意力、做出正确的选择)” 可知，青少年的前额叶皮层（PFC）仍在发育，这解释了为什么青少年会冲动、冒险，也就是他们做事不经过太多考虑。故选A项。 57．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Psychiatrist Dr Daniel Siegel thinks the teenage years are very exciting ones. He believes that learning about how their brains work helps teenagers develop their emotional intelligence and thought processes, allowing them to be the very best person they can be. It seems then, that the teenage years are the ideal time to learn problem-solving and critical thinking skills.(精神病学家丹尼尔·西格尔博士认为青少年时期是非常令人兴奋的时期。他认为，了解大脑是如何工作的有助于青少年发展他们的情商和思维过程，使他们成为最好的人。因此，青少年时期似乎是学习解决问题和批判性思维技能的理想时期)” 可知，丹尼尔·西格尔博士认为青少年时期很令人兴奋，了解他们的大脑如何工作有助于青少年发展他们的情商和思维过程，让他们成为最好的自己，也就是研究青少年大脑的发展对他们有益。故选D项。 Passage 16 （2025湖南·高二开学考）Are you chillaxed enough? Recently, having a sense of ease seems to have become one of the most important qualities that a person should have to be seen as successful and attractive. The discussion arose from a previous incident. A family’s luggage (行李) was rejected for shipment, but they continued their journey like nothing bad had happened. A girl witnessed their calm attitude in difficult circumstances and shared the story online. She described their attitude as being “chillaxed”, meaning staying calm in the face of barriers. With the word gaining more attention, an increasing number of people have shared their chillaxed lives online. In psychology, maintaining a sense of ease is similar to “psychological resilience”, which refers to the ability to effectively adjust and adapt to tough situations. particularly by being mentally, emotionally and behaviorally flexible to pressure. It stresses a drive for success, steadily advancing toward a goal, and being prepared to accept any outcome without complaining. In both work and study, many people get anxious or even collapse when faced with short-term bottlenecks. Therefore, they hurriedly seek immediate changes, which in most cases prevents them from achieving the desired result. Rather than going after immediate outcomes, it’s more significant to maintain steady, gradual progress and adopt a long-term mindset. Interestingly, as the Internet becomes filled with hashtags (标签) like “only those who are chillaxed are attractive”, many people are beginning to feel anxious because they don’t fit that description. Still, it’s important to note that while a state of ease may be favorable, there’s nothing wrong with not being chillaxed. Indeed, many people achieve their goals by pushing themselves to their limits, though feeling frustrated at pressure from time to time. But as long as you are fighting for your ideal life, you’re definitely someone who’s appealing and respectable no matter whether you’re chillaxed or not. 58．Why is the family’s experience mentioned in the passage? A．To introduce the origin of the word “chillaxed”. B．To show the family’s ability to stay chillaxed. C．To highlight the importance of being chillaxed. D．To argue against the rejection of luggage shipment. 59．What’s highlighted in psychological resilience? A．Quick forgetting of challenges. B．Dependence on external factors. C．Flexibility and steady progress. D．Seeking quick fixes to problems. 60．What’s the author’s attitude towards being chillaxed? A．Doubtful. B．Objective. C．Dismissive. D．Unclear. 61．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．A Chillaxed Attitude: Shortcut Towards Success. B．Remaining Chillaxed Helps to Settle Conflicts. C．Why Being Chillaxed Does Not Guarantee Happiness. D．Being Chillaxed: The Art of Psychological Strength. 【答案】58．A 59．C 60．B 61．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了chillaxed（放松的）态度的重要性及其意义，同时指出保持这种态度虽有益但并非成功唯一途径。 58．推理判断题。根据第二段中“The discussion arose from a previous incident. A family’s luggage was rejected for shipment, but they continued their journey like nothing bad had happened. A girl witnessed their calm attitude in difficult circumstances and shared the story online. She described their attitude as being “chillaxed”, meaning staying calm in the face of barriers. (这次讨论是由先前的一件事引起的。一个家庭的行李被拒绝装运，但他们继续旅行，就像什么也没发生过一样。一个女孩目睹了他们在困境中的冷静态度，并在网上分享了这个故事。她形容他们的态度是“放松的”，意思是在面对障碍时保持冷静)”可知，先提到一个家庭行李被拒运但仍若无其事继续旅行这一事件，然后一个女孩见证了他们的态度并在网上分享故事，用“chillaxed”来描述他们，从而引出了“chillaxed”这个词的来源。所以提到这个家庭的经历是为了介绍“chillaxed”这个词的起源。故选A。 59．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In psychology, maintaining a sense of ease is similar to “psychological resilience”, which refers to the ability to effectively adjust and adapt to tough situations. particularly by being mentally, emotionally and behaviorally flexible to pressure. It stresses a drive for success, steadily advancing toward a goal, and being prepared to accept any outcome without complaining. (在心理学中，保持轻松感类似于“心理弹性”，指的是有效调整和适应艰难情况的能力。尤其是在精神上、情感上和行为上对压力都很灵活。它强调的是成功的动力，朝着目标稳步前进，并准备好接受任何结果而不抱怨)”可知，psychological resilience是在心理、情感和行为上对压力具有灵活性，并且强调对成功的追求，稳步朝着目标前进。故选C。 60．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still, it’s important to note that while a state of ease may be favorable, there’s nothing wrong with not being chillaxed. Indeed, many people achieve their goals by pushing themselves to their limits, though feeling frustrated at pressure from time to time. But as long as you are fighting for your ideal life, you’re definitely someone who’s appealing and respectable no matter whether you’re chillaxed or not. (不过，需要注意的是，虽然放松状态可能是有利的，但不放松也没有错。的确，许多人通过挑战自己的极限来实现他们的目标，尽管有时会因为压力而感到沮丧。但只要你在为你的理想生活而奋斗，无论你是否放松，你都绝对是一个有吸引力和受人尊敬的人)”可知，作者认为只要为理想生活奋斗，无论是否“chillaxed”都值得尊敬。作者的态度是客观的。故选B。 61．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中“Still, it’s important to note that while a state of ease may be favorable, there’s nothing wrong with not being chillaxed. (不过，需要注意的是，虽然放松状态可能是有利的，但不放松也没有错)”可知，文章先由一个事件引出“chillaxed”这个词，接着解释其在心理学上类似于“psychological resilience”，并阐述了“psychological resilience”的内涵，强调了在面对困难时保持冷静、灵活和稳步前进的重要性，最后表明作者对“chillaxed”的客观态度。所以选项D“保持冷静：心理力量的艺术”能很好地概括文章内容，既提到了“chillaxed”，又体现了其与心理力量的关系。故选D。 Passage 17 （2025安徽·高二开学考）It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. Inventors often have to insist on their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) driving trains and boats. 62．Why is Eli Whitney mentioned by the writer in the first paragraph? A．To introduce the topic. B．To deny a statement. C．To clarify a doubt. D．To illustrate a view. 63．What led to the wide use of motor vehicles according to the text? A．The improvement of engine performance. B．The end of World War I. C．The need of the military during war time. D．The decline of horse-drawn wagons. 64．What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph? A．Absence of public demand. B．Bad performance of early models. C．A lack of time and expense. D．Awful looks of previous inventions. 65．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention B．Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress C．Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention D．General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention 【答案】62．D 63．C 64．B 65．C 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章探讨了传统认识“需要是发明之母”的正确性，认为发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。 62．推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins (轧棉机) to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”。也就是说，当一个社会有一种未被满足的需求时，发明就会出现。相当多的发明确实属于这一类。例如，1794年，Eli Whitney发明了轧棉机，以取代美国南部种植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点。故选D项。 63．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries.(公众对这两种交通工具的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使卡车成为工业化国家马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行。故选C项。 64．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventors often have to persist at their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it.(在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修理, 因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与 Otto的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况。故选B项。 65．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention”. (人们普遍认为“需要是发明之母”)”以及第二段中 “Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa.(因此，发明往往是必要性之母, 而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) propelling trains and boats.(即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇的一种探索追求。C 选项“超越需求：对发明的好奇追求” 能很好地概括文章主旨，故选C项。 Passage 18 （2025江苏常州·高二开学考）“The news is ... there is no news.” With those words, outside St Mary’s Hospital in London awaiting the birth of Prince George in July 2013, my reporting for the BBC went viral on the Internet. Not for what I was saying but the way I was saying it. The helpless look. The depressed tone. Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I. Fedha is not human. Yes, the fair-haired woman looks human. This week she was introduced as the first presenter in Kuwait who works by artificial intelligence. “What kind of news do you prefer? Let's hear your opinions,” she says in Arabic. AI newsreaders actually never make a cock-up of their jobs. They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray. To examine the problems that may come with an AI newsreader, I thought I would turn the tables and ask Genie — the chatbot powered by ChatGPT. “They may struggle with delivering the news in a way that is appealing to viewers,” Genie says. I get that. As far as delivering the news is concerned, the face and voice behind it matters. My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story’s source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. AI is already involved in the spread of “untrue news” — and that will only get worse. At a time when trust in news providers is reducing, the next few years threaten to be very challenging if that trust is to be regained. One of the main concerns about AI newsreaders is that they lack the human touch and emotion. I have delivered some of the biggest stories. Whether it be an air attack or the death of a major figure, it's not just the words that matter. You need to look and sound right. An AI newsreader cannot convey (传达) a reaction to a breaking story. 66．How did viewers react according to paragraph 1? A．They found the reporting confusing. B．They felt excited about the reporting. C．They considered the author unprofessional. D．They knew the author’s thoughts and feelings. 67．What does the underlined part “make a cock-up of” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Talk about. B．Make a fool of. C．Keep an eye on. D．Mess up. 68．What does Genie think of AI newsreaders? A．They may deliver misleading news. B．They can locate the source of a news story. C．They interact with viewers in an improper way. D．They wear the same facial expressions as humans. 69．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To voice his doubt about AI newsreaders. B．To share his experience of being a reporter. C．To introduce an AI newsreader called Fedha. D．To show ChatGPT's impact on news reporting. 【答案】66．D 67．D 68．A 69．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了人工智能新闻播报员的局限，特别是其缺乏人类情感和触感的问题，以及对新闻真实性和信任度的潜在影响。 66．推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后三句“Viewers could relate to me. Because they are human. And so am I.”（观众们能够理解我。因为他们是人类，而我也是。）可推断观众通过作者无助的表情和沮丧的语调，能够感受到作者当时的想法和情感。因此，他们与作者产生了共鸣，理解了作者的心情。故选D。 67．短语猜测题。根据后文“They can skip the mispronunciations, the complaints over foundation colours in makeup, and even the stresses over too-weak hairspray.”（它们可以跳过发音错误、对化妆粉底颜色的抱怨，甚至是对发胶不够牢固的担忧。） ，此处列举了AI新闻播报员不会犯的一些常见错误，如发音错误、化妆颜色问题、以及头发定型喷雾不足等问题，由此可推测前文强调的是AI新闻播报员不会在工作中犯错，故选D。 68．推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“My ChatGPT friend also tells me that there are concerns about the potential for AI newsreaders to be used to spread false information, as they may not be able to determine the correctness of a story's source. Not just in the delivery of news, but in its content. ”（我的 ChatGPT 朋友还告诉我，人们担心人工智能新闻播报员可能会被用来传播虚假信息，因为他们可能无法确定新闻来源的正确性。不仅是在新闻传递方面，而且在新闻内容方面。）可知，Genie 认为人工智能新闻播报员可能会传播误导性新闻。故选A。 69．写作目的题。在文中，作者通过自己的亲身经历，描述了人类新闻播报员在播报新闻时的情感和反应，然后对比了人工智能新闻播报员的局限性，比如缺乏人类的情感和可能传播虚假信息的风险。作者通过提出这些问题和担忧，表达了对人工智能新闻播报员能否有效地替代人类播报员的怀疑态度。故选A。 5 / 36 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$