【复习进阶】专题04 定语从句“解码器”【暑假自学课】2025年新高二英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

复习进阶 专题04定语从句“解码器” 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 高考考点聚焦 定语从句 ( 考点一 that、which引导的定语从句 ) 相同点 先行词都可指物, 都可以常在从句中作主语、宾语, 且作宾语时可以省略。 区别 that的用法 ① that引导限制性定语从句, All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 ②先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。 ③先行词为形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 ④先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some等修饰时。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.我拒绝为别人的错误承担责任。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 which 的用法 ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他的父母很担心。 which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时，只能位于主句之后。 He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。 ②关系代词前有介词时。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一些我肯定会失败的事情呢？ ③句子中已经有that引导的从句时，为了避免重复，另外一个用which。 ( that、which引导定语从句 区别 口诀 “逗号后，非限定，  which 站定不客气。 “人或物，皆可替， that 通用有前提。 “ All/any/first/last 词， “还有 the very/same/only ， “不定代词 （everything/nothing/something...） ， “ that 优先莫迟疑！ “两者皆有 （既有人又有物） ， “ that 上场最适宜！” ) 1．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）The only thing matters is that safety should be given the highest priority. 2.（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）The Great Wall is the last place Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. 3．（23-24高一下·重庆长寿·期中）Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. · 思路点拨：that与which引导定语从句的区别 1.考查定语从句。句意： 唯一重要的是安全应该被给予最高优先级。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是thing，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词有The only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 2.考查定语从句。句意：长城是史密斯先生离开北京前要参观的最后一个地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词place，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被the last修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 · 答案1. that 2. that 3.which/that · ( 考点二 who、whom、whose引导的定 语从句 ) 关系词 先行词 句子成分 经典例句 who 指人 主语/宾语 There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China. 这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。 whom 指人 宾语 The boy who[m] you are looking for is Tom. whose 指人/物 定语 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 【名师点津】 （1）who或whom在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略，但跟在介词后面作宾语时，关系代词不可省略。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school （who/whom/that） I met in the English speech contest last year. 去年，我与几个在英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。 Part-time workers, the majority of whom are women, are doubly disadvantaged.兼职工作者多数为女性，处于双重的不利条件下。（此处，为多数学生易错点；在语法填空中，会误填成the majority of them） （2） whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。其指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。 （2022·全国乙卷）So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose（=of whom） shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 因此，对他们来说，搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔克海德去指导那些用绳子把鞋子绑在一起的孩子们是一件令人惊讶的事。 1.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末）I ran through the crowd of people were hurrying to get on the train. 2.（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）I am grateful to my teacher, encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. 3.（23-24高一下·吉林·期末）We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 4.（23-24高一下·北京·期中）Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. 5. （24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 1.考查定语从句。句意：我跑过那些正匆忙赶火车的人群。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 people，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who或that 引导该从句，故填 who/that 。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持帮助我发现了自己的潜能。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是my teacher指人，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰名词encouragement and support，因此应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3.考查定语从句。句意：那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the old man，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：如果我们把青春比作花朵，年轻的志愿者是最美丽的，没有他们，世界将变得太冷了。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers指人，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。 · 答案1. who/that 2. whose 3.who 4.whose 5. whom ( 考点 三 as 、wh ich 引导的定语从句 ) 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as的用法 可在主句之前、之中或之后 as常用＂正如＂含义。 限制性定语从句固定结构：the same...as , as, such....as , so....as They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 非限制性定语从句： 常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）；as we all can see（正如我们看到的）；as is announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As you can see, he did rather better by himself than I did. 如你所见，他自己做得比我做得还要好。 which 的用法 通常在主句之后 Tom was late for school this morning, which was unexpected. 汤姆今天迟到了，这让人觉得意外。 1.（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. 2.（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）As a consequence, they had to take a series of steps, none of was powerful enough to prevent the disaster.   3.（22-23高一上·黑龙江鹤岗·期中）The Bird’s Nest is such a fantastic building attracts a great many tourists. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查as、which引导的定语从句。 1.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的一年中，用户数量稳步增长，这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功。As the chart shows正如图表所示。as引导非限定性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 2.考查定语从句。句意：因此，他们不得不采取一系列步骤，但没有一个步骤足以阻止这场灾难的发生。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，从句中缺少of的宾语，指物，应用which，故填which。 3.考查定语从句。句意：鸟巢是一座神奇的建筑，吸引了许多游客。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a fantastic building，且先行词前有such修饰，所以应用as引导。故填as。 · 答案1. as 2. which 3. as ( 考点 四 介词 +关系代词 ) 1.介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。 如何确定关系代词前的介词 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I had saved.我买了很多书，花光了我所有的积蓄。 依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 根据上下文所表达的意义来确定 I was impressed by her persistence in her work and scientific research, without which she couldn't have made such remarkable achievements.她对工作和科学研究的坚持给我留下了深刻的印象，没有这种坚持，她不可能取得如此卓越的成就。 The buses, most of which were full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 2.“of +关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系时，可以用of which/whom。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.此外，园艺工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 名师点津： 有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。 China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spreads to Japan，Thailand，India and so on. 中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。 1.（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist thinking of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. 2.（21-22高一下·福建泉州·期中）Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. 3. According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of ________ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar. 4. The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong, both of ____ ____ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching fixed wing aircraft. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查介词+关系代词。 1.考查定语从句。句意：看到照片，她禁不住想起小时候和她祖母度过的美好时光。引导定语从句，先行词为her grandmother，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 2.考查定语从句。句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医多年，从他们那里她获得了对传统习俗的深刻了解。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词experts是人，从句中作介词宾语，因此空格处是whom，故填whom。 3.考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。 4.考查定语从句。句意：中国人民解放军海军目前操作两艘航母，中国海军辽宁号和中国海军山东号，两艘排水量大约5万吨，使用滑跃模式用于发射固定翼飞机。此处为“介词+which”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填which。 · 答案1. whom 2. whom 3. which 4. which ( 考点 五 wh ere 、wh en 、wh y 引导的定语从句 ) 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词， 关系副词在从句中作状语。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 关系副词 先行词 例句 where 表地点的名词 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 when 表时间的名词 I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 why=for which reason Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ 名师点津： 1. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 2. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 1.（24-25高二上·四川内江·期中）It was an area fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. 2.（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）We will always remember the moment, my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. 3.（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport courage matters more than strength. 4.（23-24高一下·北京·期中）The reason I am fascinated by this painting is that it shows a mysterious scene. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查定语从句关系副词的使用。 1. 句意：这是一个渔民割鱼鳍的区域，死去的鲨鱼覆盖着海底。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词area进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。。 2. 句意：我们将永远记住我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 3. 句意：蹦极是一项勇气比力量更重要的冒险运动。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sport，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 4. 句意：我之所以对这幅画着迷，是因为它展现了一个神秘的场景。分析可知。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 · 答案1. where 2. when 3. where 4.why ( 考点 六 定语从句的其它考点 ) 1. 定语从句中的主谓一致 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 2. the way 和time后接定语从句的情况。 the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ②The way　he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 含义不同 I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 1．This is the very dictionary is of great help. 2．These are all the pictures I have seen. 3．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to listen to some music and have a relaxation. 4．Maggie and Jackson, house we are making the party, are a very charming couple. 5．Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, are the best gift that nature has granted us. 6．Please come back at four o’clock, your medicine will be ready. 7．The reason he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 8．Do you still remember the days we traveled together? 9．The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 10．It was the time Chinese people had a hard life. 11．Tom came back,   made us very happy. 12．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record mentioned tofu in the West. 13．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place is the center of the town. 14．The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was sent to the hospital. 15．The teacher and the books he recommended were excellent. 16．Could you tell me the reason he gave you yesterday? 17．John McCarthy coined the term AI and his idea was well in advance of the age in he lived. 18．Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, Heitler was in power. 19．We won’t believe the reasons they told us unless they give other evidence. 20．I don’t want to listen to any reason you were absent from the meeting. 21．In our class there are 46 students, whom half wear glasses. 22．I’m looking forward to the day my daughter can read the book that I write for her. 23．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. 24．Learning strategies, to teachers attach significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students. 25．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 26．At the time Mr Yang entered the space programme, astronauts had to be shorter than 170cm in height and less than 65kg in weight. 27．Festivals are occasions allow us to relax and enjoy life. 28．There are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. 29．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of do not speak English fluently. 30．We’ve planned to hold an English speech competition, the theme of is Man and Nature. 31．I remember the year we spent our summer vacation at the beach. 32．The boy I think to be honest cheated me. 33．The boy I think was honest cheated me. 34．He wrote a letter explained what had happened in the accident. 35．I’m surprised at all he said at the meeting. 36．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 37．The house window faces south is for the doctor. 38．This is the shop we sells children's clothing. 39．But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 40．Have you heard about a new song Lonely Warrior many teenagers are talking about these days. 真题感知 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65richness_____ (rich) of gardening in England. 2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the ____49largest____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4.【2024北京卷】 Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most money. 6. 【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s 7.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 8.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 9.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 10.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 提升专练 1. Each dancer carries a bamboo stick, 4 is struck against the ground to the music. 2.In a unanimous resolution, the UN General Assembly recognized the significance of the Lunar New Year, 12 is celebrated in numerous UN member states. 3. Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. It was created by Mick Pearce who was inspired while watching a nature documentary 25 termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests. 4.She told China Daily that hanfu is gaining appeal and recognition in Hong Kong among people of different age groups, and that her association is growing day by day. “At first, we only had a dozen or so pieces of hanfu, 36 would be kept at home and taken out when they were needed. Now, we have over 100 pieces and need to rent a warehouse for storage,” she said. 5.In addition to “Happy Loong”, the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed toys inspired by the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the Easter Han Dynasty (25-220), all of 48 combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal. 6.Walking through his neighborhood supermarket in Australia, 1 packs of Chinese sauerkraut (酸菜) line the shelves, Huang Xiqing feels like he’s shopping in his hometown of Shenyang in Liaoning province. 7. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 8.Acrobats can act like fish swimming smoothly in the water, birds flying through trees and butterflies dancing among flowers, showcasing wonderful skills 8 require years of hard training. 9.The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which contains desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land. 10. In ancient times, needlework was a must-learn skill for women, 26 had to make clothes for their families. 11. In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of 35 were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” 12.Located near the archaeological site of the Yin Ruins, 54 is also the location of the last capital of the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 B．C．), the expanded Yinxu Museum is the first museum to present the Shang civilization comprehensively. 13.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene 9 individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship. 14.This year, their modest home were decorated with pink cherry blossoms, 5 Wong said could bring good luck. 15.The opportunity came in 2008, 5 China launched a national program for global top talent. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 复习进阶 专题04定语从句“解码器” 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 高考考点聚焦 定语从句 ( 考点一 that、which引导的定语从句 ) 相同点 先行词都可指物, 都可以常在从句中作主语、宾语, 且作宾语时可以省略。 区别 that的用法 ① that引导限制性定语从句, All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 ②先行词为不定代词anything、nothing、something、everything、all、some、none、little、few、the one等时。 ③先行词为形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 ④先行词被the only、the very、the last、the same、any、every、each、few、little、no、some等修饰时。 This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的词时。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault.我拒绝为别人的错误承担责任。 The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 which 的用法 ①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。 The boy was away from home for a week, which worried his parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他的父母很担心。 which引导非限制性定语从句代指主句整句话的内容时，只能位于主句之后。 He kept lying to me, which annoyed me greatly. 他总是对我说谎,这使我很恼火。 ②关系代词前有介词时。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）So, why did he suddenly force me to do something at which I was sure to fail? 那么，为什么他突然强迫我做一些我肯定会失败的事情呢？ ③句子中已经有that引导的从句时，为了避免重复，另外一个用which。 ( that、which引导定语从句 区别 口诀 “逗号后，非限定，  which 站定不客气。 “人或物，皆可替， that 通用有前提。 “ All/any/first/last 词， “还有 the very/same/only ， “不定代词 （everything/nothing/something...） ， “ that 优先莫迟疑！ “两者皆有 （既有人又有物） ， “ that 上场最适宜！” ) 1．（24-25高一上·重庆·期末）The only thing matters is that safety should be given the highest priority. 2.（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）The Great Wall is the last place Mr. Smith is going to visit before he leaves Beijing. 3．（23-24高一下·重庆长寿·期中）Our teachers spare no effort to create an atmosphere enables us to study attentively and harmoniously. · 思路点拨：that与which引导定语从句的区别 1.考查定语从句。句意： 唯一重要的是安全应该被给予最高优先级。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是thing，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词有The only修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 2.考查定语从句。句意：长城是史密斯先生离开北京前要参观的最后一个地方。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词place，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作宾语，且先行词被the last修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：我们的老师不遗余力地营造一种让我们专心、和谐地学习的氛围。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。故填which/that。 · 答案1. that 2. that 3.which/that · ( 考点二 who、whom、whose引导的定 语从句 ) 关系词 先行词 句子成分 经典例句 who 指人 主语/宾语 There are 30 students in this class, who are from the north of China. 这个班里有30名学生，他们来自中国北方。 whom 指人 宾语 The boy who[m] you are looking for is Tom. whose 指人/物 定语 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 【名师点津】 （1）who或whom在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略，但跟在介词后面作宾语时，关系代词不可省略。 I've become good friends with several of the students in my school （who/whom/that） I met in the English speech contest last year. 去年，我与几个在英语演讲比赛中结识的学生成了好朋友。 Part-time workers, the majority of whom are women, are doubly disadvantaged.兼职工作者多数为女性，处于双重的不利条件下。（此处，为多数学生易错点；在语法填空中，会误填成the majority of them） （2） whose表示所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。其指物时相当于of which,指人时相当于of whom。 （2022·全国乙卷）So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose（=of whom） shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 因此，对他们来说，搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔克海德去指导那些用绳子把鞋子绑在一起的孩子们是一件令人惊讶的事。 1.（23-24高一下·山东济宁·期末）I ran through the crowd of people were hurrying to get on the train. 2.（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）I am grateful to my teacher, encouragement and support helped me discover my potential. 3.（23-24高一下·吉林·期末）We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 4.（23-24高一下·北京·期中）Wolves are highly social animals success depends upon cooperation. 5. （24-25高二上·山东济宁·期中）If we compare youth to flowers, the young volunteers are the most beautiful ones, without the world would be too cold to live in. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查who、whom、whose引导的定语从句 1.考查定语从句。句意：我跑过那些正匆忙赶火车的人群。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词是 people，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 who或that 引导该从句，故填 who/that 。 2. 考查定语从句。句意：我感谢我的老师，他的鼓励和支持帮助我发现了自己的潜能。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是my teacher指人，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰名词encouragement and support，因此应使用关系代词whose。故填whose。 3.考查定语从句。句意：那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the old man，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4. 考查定语从句。句意：狼是高度群居的动物，它们的成功依赖于合作。空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是Wolves，关系词在从句中作定语，和success之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 5. 考查定语从句。句意：如果我们把青春比作花朵，年轻的志愿者是最美丽的，没有他们，世界将变得太冷了。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词volunteers指人，作介词的宾语，指人应用whom。故填whom。 · 答案1. who/that 2. whose 3.who 4.whose 5. whom ( 考点 三 as 、wh ich 引导的定语从句 ) 关系词 位置不同 表意不同 as的用法 可在主句之前、之中或之后 as常用＂正如＂含义。 限制性定语从句固定结构：the same...as , as, such....as , so....as They could only read such stories as had been rewritten in simple English.(as作主语) 他们只能读类似这样的一些用简易英语改写的故事。 These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected.(as作宾语) 这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。 This is the same knife as I lost.(as作宾语) 这把小刀和我丢的那把很相似。 非限制性定语从句： 常用的结构有as we know（众所周知）；as often happens（正如常发生的那样）；as is often the case（情况常常如此）；as we all can see（正如我们看到的）；as is announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首，偶尔也可以放句中或句末。 As you can see, he did rather better by himself than I did. 如你所见，他自己做得比我做得还要好。 which 的用法 通常在主句之后 Tom was late for school this morning, which was unexpected. 汤姆今天迟到了，这让人觉得意外。 1.（24-25高二上·福建·期中） the chart shows, there has been a steady increase in the number of users over the past year, indicating the success of our marketing campaign. 2.（24-25高二上·山东济宁·阶段练习）As a consequence, they had to take a series of steps, none of was powerful enough to prevent the disaster.   3.（22-23高一上·黑龙江鹤岗·期中）The Bird’s Nest is such a fantastic building attracts a great many tourists. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查as、which引导的定语从句。 1.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：如图所示，在过去的一年中，用户数量稳步增长，这表明我们的营销活动取得了成功。As the chart shows正如图表所示。as引导非限定性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。故填As。 2.考查定语从句。句意：因此，他们不得不采取一系列步骤，但没有一个步骤足以阻止这场灾难的发生。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词steps，从句中缺少of的宾语，指物，应用which，故填which。 3.考查定语从句。句意：鸟巢是一座神奇的建筑，吸引了许多游客。分析句子结构，空处引导一个定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词a fantastic building，且先行词前有such修饰，所以应用as引导。故填as。 · 答案1. as 2. which 3. as ( 考点 四 介词 +关系代词 ) 1.介词和关系代词的确定 若介词放在关系代词之前,关系代词指人时用whom,指物时用which。另外,whose也可以放在介词后,即“介词+whose+名词”结构。 如何确定关系代词前的介词 依据定语从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配来确定 I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I had saved.我买了很多书，花光了我所有的积蓄。 依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定 I'll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记在乡下度过的童年时光。 根据上下文所表达的意义来确定 I was impressed by her persistence in her work and scientific research, without which she couldn't have made such remarkable achievements.她对工作和科学研究的坚持给我留下了深刻的印象，没有这种坚持，她不可能取得如此卓越的成就。 The buses, most of which were full, were surrounded by an angry crowd. 2.“of +关系代词”引导的定语从句 在some、any、few、little、none、all、both、neither、many、most、each等代词或数词的前后表示整体与部分的关系时，可以用of which/whom。 （2023·新高考Ⅱ卷）Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.此外，园艺工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。 名师点津： 有时为表达清楚，也可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，平时也应掌握，但非高考重点。 China is the birthplace of kites，from where kite flying spreads to Japan，Thailand，India and so on. 中国是风筝的发源地，从这里，放风筝传到了日本、泰国、印度等国家。 1.（24-25高二上·广东茂名·期中）Seeing the photo, she couldn’t resist thinking of her grandmother, with she had spent many wonderful days in her childhood. 2.（21-22高一下·福建泉州·期中）Later, she studied Chinese medicine for many years with experts in the field, from she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. 3. According to the legend, the Jade Emperor(ruler of heaven) would like to measure time by twelve different animals. He told animals that he would hold a great race on his birthday, the prize of ________ was twelve positions on the Chinese zodiac calendar. 4. The PLA Navy currently operates two carriers CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong, both of ____ ____ have a displacement of around 50, 000 tons and use a ski jump mode for launching fixed wing aircraft. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查介词+关系代词。 1.考查定语从句。句意：看到照片，她禁不住想起小时候和她祖母度过的美好时光。引导定语从句，先行词为her grandmother，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作with的宾语，应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 2.考查定语从句。句意：后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习中医多年，从他们那里她获得了对传统习俗的深刻了解。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词experts是人，从句中作介词宾语，因此空格处是whom，故填whom。 3.考查定语从句。句意：他告诉动物们，他将在他的生日那天举行一场盛大的赛跑，比赛的奖品是中国十二生肖的十二个位置。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句修饰先行词race，作介词的宾语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。 4.考查定语从句。句意：中国人民解放军海军目前操作两艘航母，中国海军辽宁号和中国海军山东号，两艘排水量大约5万吨，使用滑跃模式用于发射固定翼飞机。此处为“介词+which”结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词CNS Liaoning and CNS Shandong，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which。故填which。 · 答案1. whom 2. whom 3. which 4. which ( 考点 五 wh ere 、wh en 、wh y 引导的定语从句 ) 当定语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语和表语时，要选用关系副词， 关系副词在从句中作状语。其中when, where, why是常见的三个关系副词。 关系副词 先行词 例句 where 表地点的名词 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment where they live. 现在人们更加关心他们居住的环境。 when 表时间的名词 I'll never forget the day when my son was born. 我永远忘不了我儿子出生的那一天。 why=for which reason Can you tell me the reason why(=for which) you are late again? 你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗？ 名师点津： 1. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point， situation， case， stage， family等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。 Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. 学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。 Remember that there is still one point that/which we must make clear at the conference tomorrow. 记住在明天的会议上我们还有一点必须弄清楚。 She's in a hopeless situation，where we will keep a very close eye on her. 她处于无望的处境中，在这种情况下我们将密切注意她。 2. 先行词occasion当“时刻”讲时，用关系副词when；当“场合”讲时，用关系副词where。 Please describe an occasion where you met real difficulties. 请描述你遇到真正困境的场景。 Occasions are rare when I have the time to spend a day with my kids. 我有时间和孩子们度过一天的时机很少。 1.（24-25高二上·四川内江·期中）It was an area fishermen were finning, and the sea floor was covered with dead sharks. 2.（24-25高二上·广东惠州·期中）We will always remember the moment, my classmate Li Chong crossed the finishing line. 3.（23-24高二上·吉林长春·期中）Bungee jumping is an adventurous sport courage matters more than strength. 4.（23-24高一下·北京·期中）The reason I am fascinated by this painting is that it shows a mysterious scene. · 思路点拨：例题主要考查定语从句关系副词的使用。 1. 句意：这是一个渔民割鱼鳍的区域，死去的鲨鱼覆盖着海底。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词area进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作地点状语，所以应该用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。。 2. 句意：我们将永远记住我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词the moment进行限定说明，先行词在从句中作时间状语，应该用关系副词when引导从句。故填when。 3. 句意：蹦极是一项勇气比力量更重要的冒险运动。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词sport，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，因此应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 4. 句意：我之所以对这幅画着迷，是因为它展现了一个神秘的场景。分析可知。此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，关系词替代先行词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。 · 答案1. where 2. when 3. where 4.why ( 考点 六 定语从句的其它考点 ) 1. 定语从句中的主谓一致 在定语从句中，谓语动词的单数，复数依据它所修饰的先行词。 I, who am your teacher, will help you with everything. He who breaks the school rules should be punished. Those who break the school rules should be punished. Anyone who breaks the school rules should be punished. One of +the+复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用复数，the only one of +the 复数名词+定语从句，谓语动词用单数。 He is one of the teachers in our school who teach well. He is the only one of the teachers in our school who teaches well. 2. the way 和time后接定语从句的情况。 the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which，that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。 ①What surprised me was not what he said but the wayhe said it. 让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 ②The way　he explained to us was quite simple. 他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。 先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲，应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句。 This is the first time (that) I have talked with a foreigner face to face. 这是我第一次和一个外国人面对面交流。 There was a time when I hated going to school. 曾经有一段时间我讨厌上学。 3. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。 He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子；另外，当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时，通常要用非限制性定语从句，而不用限制性定语从句。 Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which指整个主句) Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。(先行词为专有名词，要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 含义不同 I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 1．This is the very dictionary is of great help. 2．These are all the pictures I have seen. 3．Occasions are quite rare I have the time to listen to some music and have a relaxation. 4．Maggie and Jackson, house we are making the party, are a very charming couple. 5．Thousands of years ago, they formed those ancient tea plantations, are the best gift that nature has granted us. 6．Please come back at four o’clock, your medicine will be ready. 7．The reason he succeeded in the exam is that he studied very hard. 8．Do you still remember the days we traveled together? 9．The next day, people put up shelters in the open air using anything they could find. 10．It was the time Chinese people had a hard life. 11．Tom came back,   made us very happy. 12．The letter was one of the earliest documents on record mentioned tofu in the West. 13．My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to the place is the center of the town. 14．The injured boy mother was lost in the disaster was sent to the hospital. 15．The teacher and the books he recommended were excellent. 16．Could you tell me the reason he gave you yesterday? 17．John McCarthy coined the term AI and his idea was well in advance of the age in he lived. 18．Afterwards, Einstein had to flee Germany, Heitler was in power. 19．We won’t believe the reasons they told us unless they give other evidence. 20．I don’t want to listen to any reason you were absent from the meeting. 21．In our class there are 46 students, whom half wear glasses. 22．I’m looking forward to the day my daughter can read the book that I write for her. 23．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. 24．Learning strategies, to teachers attach significance, haven’t drawn enough attention of students. 25．We were very impressed by the old man, was not willing to acknowledge defeat. 26．At the time Mr Yang entered the space programme, astronauts had to be shorter than 170cm in height and less than 65kg in weight. 27．Festivals are occasions allow us to relax and enjoy life. 28．There are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. 29．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of do not speak English fluently. 30．We’ve planned to hold an English speech competition, the theme of is Man and Nature. 31．I remember the year we spent our summer vacation at the beach. 32．The boy I think to be honest cheated me. 33．The boy I think was honest cheated me. 34．He wrote a letter explained what had happened in the accident. 35．I’m surprised at all he said at the meeting. 36．Was it October 1, 1949 the People’s Republic of China was founded? 37．The house window faces south is for the doctor. 38．This is the shop we sells children's clothing. 39．But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 40．Have you heard about a new song Lonely Warrior many teenagers are talking about these days. 参考答案： 1．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是那本大有帮助的字典。分析句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的关系词，且在从句中作主语，先行词被the very修饰，所以只能用that。故填that。 2．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些都是我看过的照片。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是pictures，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作have seen的宾语，且先行词有all修饰，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 3．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我很少有时间听音乐放松一下。空格处为定语从句的连接词，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入状语，此处修饰的是“Occasions”，所以用when。故填when。 4．in whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：麦琪和杰克逊是一对非常迷人的夫妇，我们正在他们家举办派对。结合“making the party”可知，此处指“在他们家举办派对”，应用in one’s house表示“在某人家里”，且空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Maggie and Jackson作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和house之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填in whose。 5．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几千年前，他们形成了那些古老的茶园，这是大自然赐予我们最好的礼物。先行词为 tea plantations，作非限制定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 6．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：请在四点钟回来，那时你的药就好了。这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为four o’clock，在从句中作时间状语，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。 7．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他考试成功的原因是他学习很努力。分析句子可知，______ he succeeded in the exam为定语从句，先行词the reason，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作原因状语，需用关系副词why引导。故填why。 8．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你还记得我们一起旅行的那些日子吗？设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the days，在定语从句作时间状语，关系副词when作时间状语引导定语从句。故答案是when。 9．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：第二天，人们用他们能找到的任何东西在露天搭建避难所。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词anything，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作could find的宾语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。 10．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那是中国人过着艰苦生活的时期。先行词为the time，作定语从句中的时间状语，用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 11．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：Tom回来了，这让我们非常高兴。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“Tom came back”这件事，故应用which引导，故填which。 12．that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这封信是西方最早记载豆腐的文献之一。分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词documents指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，且因为先行词中含有形容词最高级，故空处只能填关系代词that。故填that。 13．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我叔叔是一家餐馆的老板，那家餐馆离市中心很近。the place为先行词，作定语从句中的主语，表示物，用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 14．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个在灾难中失去母亲的受伤男孩被送往医院。空处引导定语从句，先行词是The injured boy，关系词在定语从句中作定语，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 15．that 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：老师以及他推荐的书都是极好的。空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the teacher and the books，既指人又指物，关系词在定语从句中作recommended的宾语，只能用that不用which。故填that。 16．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：你能告诉我他昨天给你的理由吗？空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，关系词在从句中作gave的直接宾语，用关系代词which/that。故填that/which。 17．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：约翰·麦卡锡创造了人工智能这个词，他的想法远远超前于他所生活的时代。空格处引导定语从句修饰先行词age，关系词指代先行词在从句中作介词 in 的宾语，构成介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。故填which。 18．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：后来，爱因斯坦不得不逃离希特勒掌权的德国。空处引导定语从句，先行词是Germany，在从句中作地点状语，用where引导。故填where。 19．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：除非他们提供其他证据，否则我们不会相信他们告诉我们的理由。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，先行词reasons是原因，因此空格处用关系代词that/which。故填that/which。 20．why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不想听你缺席会议的任何理由。定语从句修饰先行词reason，在从句作原因状语，故填why。 21．of 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导定语从句。句意：我们班有46名学生，其中一半戴眼镜。half of the students意为“一半的学生”，故应用介词of+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。故填of。 22．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我期待着有一天我的女儿能读到我为她写的书。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词day，在从句中作状语，应用关系副词when引导此从句。故填when。 23．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：学生应该参与社区活动，在那里他们可以获得成长的经验。根据空前主句谓语动词should involve及空后谓语动词can gain，且句子不能构成并列句可知，空处应为定语从句引导词，修饰先行词“community activities”，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。故填where。 24．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：老师强调的学习策略没有吸引学生足够多的注意力。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为learning strategies，指物，关系词在定语从句中作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词which，attach significance to“强调，认为……很重要”，故填which。 25．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那位不服输的老人给我们留下了深刻的印象。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the old man，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 26．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在杨先生进入太空计划的时候，宇航员必须身高不超过170厘米，体重不超过65公斤。定语从句修饰先行词time，关系词在从句作时间状语，故填when。 27．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：节日是让我们放松和享受生活的场合。此处为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以使用关系代词，先行词occasions指的是场合，所以使用that或which。故填that/which。 28．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这里有中国的茶店，游客可以在那里品尝并购买各种中国茶叶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese tea stores，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。 29．whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唐人街的大多数居民仍然是华裔，其中很多人英语说得并不流利。many of ______ do not speak English fluently是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ethnic Chinese，先行词指人，空处应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 30．which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们计划举办一场英语演讲比赛，其主题是人与自然。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代上文的an English speech，在从句作介词of的宾语，应用which，故填which。 31．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我记得我们在海滩度过暑假的那一年。空格处为定语从句的连接词，修饰the year，从句中句子成分完整，所以需要填入关系副词；先行词为时间，所以用when。故填when。 32．whom/that/who 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：那个我认为诚实的男孩欺骗了我。由句意知此处为定语从句，先行词为the boy，从句缺少宾语，应用关系代词that/whom/who。故填whom/that/who。 33．who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个我认为很诚实的男孩欺骗了我。空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The boy，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该从句。故填who/that。 34．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：他写了一封信，信中解释了事故中发生的事情。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a letter，关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 35．that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我对他在会议上所说的一切感到惊讶。空格处需要一个关系词来引导定语从句，修饰先行词all，先行词在定语从句中作宾语，且先行词为不定代词all，只能用that引导该从句。故填that。 36．when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：是1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立的吗？空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“October 1, 1949”，且在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 37．whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：窗户朝南的房子是为医生准备的。此处引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the house，结合语意，房子的窗户朝南，空处应用whose引导从句，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 38．where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是我们卖儿童服装的商店。分析句子结构，先行词是 the shop，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，故填where。 39．who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：但莎拉，她与顶级模特一起参加过表演，想要证明她不仅有美貌，还有智慧。逗号表明这是非限制性定语从句；先行词指人，作主语，不能用that或which。故答案是who。 40．that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你听说过最近很多青少年都在谈论的一首新歌《孤勇者》吗？本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是a new song Lonely Warrior，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 真题感知 1.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65richness_____ (rich) of gardening in England. 63.【答案】as 【解析】考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 64.【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 2.【2024全国甲卷】Yellowstone was the ____49largest____（large）United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 3.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___36___ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4.【2024北京卷】 Tinniswood, ___17___ doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 5.【2024浙江1月卷】Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ____38____ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 6. 【2023年全国乙卷】But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place ____43____ welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.s 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词，先行词为“a place”，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 7.【2023年全国乙卷】The color she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。 4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故that改为whose。 8.【2023年全国甲卷】“There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9.【2023年全国甲卷】Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”... 【答案】as 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 10.【2023年北京卷】Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago, ____18____ thousands were attending a water conference. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近，尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动，数千人在那里参加了一个水会议。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Chicago，在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 提升专练 1. Each dancer carries a bamboo stick, 4 is struck against the ground to the music. 【答案】 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：每个舞者都带着一根竹竿，随着音乐敲击地面。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词stick，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。 2.In a unanimous resolution, the UN General Assembly recognized the significance of the Lunar New Year, 12 is celebrated in numerous UN member states. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在一项一致通过的决议中，联合国大会承认了农历新年的重要性，许多联合国成员国都庆祝农历新年。先行词为Lunar New Year，作非限制性定语从句的主语，关系代词为which。故填which。 3. Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example of biomimicry. It was created by Mick Pearce who was inspired while watching a nature documentary 25 termites (白蚁) were constructing their nests. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它是由米克·皮尔斯创建的，他在观看一部白蚁筑巢的自然纪录片时受到启发。空处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词a nature documentary，且在从句中作地点状语，所以应用where。故填where。 4.She told China Daily that hanfu is gaining appeal and recognition in Hong Kong among people of different age groups, and that her association is growing day by day. “At first, we only had a dozen or so pieces of hanfu, 36 would be kept at home and taken out when they were needed. Now, we have over 100 pieces and need to rent a warehouse for storage,” she said. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：她说：“一开始，我们只有十几件汉服，这些汉服会被放在家里，需要的时候才会拿出来。”分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是hanfu，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词 which 引导定语从句。故填which。 5.In addition to “Happy Loong”, the Gansu Provincial Museum offers stuffed toys inspired by the flying apsaras (飞天) of the Mogao Grottoes and the bronze galloping horse from the Easter Han Dynasty (25-220), all of 48 combine rich history with Gen-Z appeal. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了 "开心龙"，甘肃省博物馆还推出了以莫高窟飞天和东汉青铜奔马为灵感的毛绒玩具，这些产品都将厚重的历史和新时代的吸引力融为一体。分析句子可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词是stuffed toys，在从句中作主语，表示这些玩具结合了丰富的历史和对新时代的吸引力，因此使用of which的非限定性定语从句形式。故填which。 6.Walking through his neighborhood supermarket in Australia, 1 packs of Chinese sauerkraut (酸菜) line the shelves, Huang Xiqing feels like he’s shopping in his hometown of Shenyang in Liaoning province. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：漫步在澳大利亚附近的超市，一包包的中国酸菜摆在货架上，黄锡清感觉自己像是在家乡辽宁省沈阳市购物。空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Australia，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，表示“在澳大利亚”，应使用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 7. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ________ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台，年轻的艺术人才像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。故填where。 8.Acrobats can act like fish swimming smoothly in the water, birds flying through trees and butterflies dancing among flowers, showcasing wonderful skills 8 require years of hard training. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：同上。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是skills，指物，从句中缺少主语，应使用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 9.The Dongfeng Landing Site has a search zone of tens of thousands of square kilometers, which contains desert, salt flats, as well as wetlands that make it challenging to find out 6 the reentry module might land. 【答案】where 【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：东风着陆场的搜索区域有数万平方公里，包括沙漠、盐滩以及使确定返回舱可能着陆地点变得具有挑战性的湿地。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少地点状语，需用连接副词where引导。故填where。 10. In ancient times, needlework was a must-learn skill for women, 26 had to make clothes for their families. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在古代，女红是女子必学的技能，要为家人缝制衣服。空处引非限制性定语从句，先行词women在从句中作主语。故填who。 11. In addition to the shipwrecks, a variety of artifacts, including pottery, porcelain and ironware, have been unearthed, most of 35 were made in kilns (窑炉) in Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, known as China’s “porcelain capital.” 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：除了沉船外，还出土了各种各样的文物，包括陶器、瓷器和铁器，其中大部分是在江西省景德镇的窑里制作的，被称为中国的“瓷器之都”。分析句子，设空处与前文的of构成介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是artifacts，为物用which。故填which。 12.Located near the archaeological site of the Yin Ruins, 54 is also the location of the last capital of the Shang Dynasty(1600-1046 B．C．), the expanded Yinxu Museum is the first museum to present the Shang civilization comprehensively. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：殷墟博物馆位于殷墟考古遗址附近，也是商朝（公元前1600-1046年）最后一个首都的所在地，扩建后的殷墟博物馆是第一个全面展示商朝文明的博物馆。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Yin Ruins archaeological site，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 13.It not only offers a way for young people to interact with a city in a meaningful way but also provides them with a new social scene 9 individuals with similar interests can connect and form friendship. 【答案】where 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它不仅为年轻人提供了一种以有意义的方式与城市互动的方式，还为他们提供了一个新的社交场景，在那里，有着相似兴趣的人可以联系起来，形成友谊。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a new social scene，先行词指地点，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 14.This year, their modest home were decorated with pink cherry blossoms, 5 Wong said could bring good luck. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们简朴的家被装饰着粉色的樱花，Wong 说这可以带来好运。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词（cherry blossoms）在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 15.The opportunity came in 2008, 5 China launched a national program for global top talent. 【答案】when 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：机会出现在2008年，当时中国启动了一项面向全球顶尖人才的国家计划。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词2008，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$