Unit 8 -10 现在完成时语法讲解 2024-2025学年人教版英语八年级下册

人教版八年级下册 2024-2025学年 Unit 8 – Unit 10 现在完成时语法讲解 姓名：_________ 一、 用法 1、 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，如： I have already eaten breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐。（潜台词为现在不需要再吃东西了） 2、 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，如： She has lived in this city for 10 years. 她已经在这个城市住了10年。 现在完成时的句式： 肯 定 句：主语 + have/has + done (动词的过去分词) + 其他 否 定 句：主语 + have/has + not + done (动词的过去分词) + 其他 (缩写为haven’t/hasn’t) 一般疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + done (动词的过去分词) + 其他？ --- Yes, 主语 + have/has. --- No, 主语 + have/has + not. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句 + have/has + 主语 + done (动词的过去分词) + 其他？ Who + have/has + done (动词过去分词) + 其他？ 注意：完成时中的have/has是助动词（完成时的标志词汇），无实际意义。 e.g.: I have eaten my breakfast. 我已经吃了早餐。 （强调过去“吃早餐”这个动作让现在处于“不饿/饱”的状态。） I have not (haven’t) eaten my breakfast. 我还没吃早餐（我有点饿）。 Have you eaten your breakfast? --- Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t, --- I have eaten my breakfast. （提问） --- What have you eaten? --- I have eaten my breakfast. （提问） --- What have you done? 二、现在完成时常见的标志： 1）时间状语：already, yet, before, recently, for, since, never, ever, once, twice等。 e.g.: I have lived in this city since I was born. 2) 固定短语：for + 时间段；since + 时间段 + ago (since five years ago)；since + 过去的时间点（since I was born）；so far；up to now（目前为止）；in the past/last three years等。 e.g.: I have lived in Chongqing for 14 years. I have lived in Chongqing since 14 years ago. I have lived in Chongqing since I was born. 三、since和for的区别： since用来说明动作的起始时间，for用来说明动作延续的时间长度。 1）since + 时间段 + ago / since + 过去的时间点，如： I have been here since five years ago. Since last Tuesday, I have been busy. I haven’t visited many places since I came to Canada. 2）for + 时间段 I have taught English for about 15 years. 四、already和yet的区别： already多用于肯定句，通常位于过去分词之前。yet用于疑问句或否定句的末尾。如： 1）I have already seen the film twice. 2）He hasn’t seen the film yet. 五、短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy, die等都是短暂性动词（瞬间动词），不能直接跟表示一段时间的状语连用。短暂性动词与时间段连用，需要通过以下方式 1）将短暂性动词转换成相应的延续性动词：come – be; close – be closed; open – be open; leave – be away; start – be on; buy – have; borrow – keep; join – be in; die – be dead; fall asleep – be asleep; go to sleep – sleep等。 e.g.: I have kept the book for five days. （不能说I have borrowed the book for five days.） Her grandfather has been dead for over ten years. 2）句型：It is/has been + 时间段 + since从句 e.g.: It is three years since he bought the computer. It has been four days since I came here. 六、have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别 1） have/has been to表示某人“去过某地”，现在已经不在某地了（人已经回来了）； 2） have/has gone to表示某人“去了某地”，可能在去的路上，也可能已经到达某地（人没回来）； 3） have/has been in表示“某人在某地”，可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用 e.g.: He has been to the Great Wall twice. 他去过长城两次。（人已经回来） He has gone to the cinema. 他去电影院了。（人没回来） He has been in Tibet for two years. 他在西藏待了两年了。（表示状态的延续） 七、现在完成时和一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响，而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间。现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重过去发生的动作。 e.g.: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。 【练习】 一、用所给词的正确形式填空： 1. I ____________ (be) to Hong Kong twice. 2. So far I ____________ (make) quite a few friends here. 3. He ____________ (study) English for five years. 4. We ____________ (learn) 3,000 English words up to now. 5. _________ the young woman ever _________ (travel) to England? 6. _________ you _________ (read) Gone with the Wind yet? 7. My father _________ just _________ (come) back from work. He is tired now. 8. -- Where’s Li Ming? -- He ____________ (go) to the teacher’s office. 9. I ____________ (work) here since I ____________ (move) to this city in 1999. 10. I _________ already _________ (see) the film. I _________ (see) it last week. 11. In the past three years, we ____________ (read) many good books. 二、单项选择： 1. Uncle Liang _____ in Haikou since 1980, so he knows a lot about the city. A. is living B. has lived C. lived D. lives 2. --- May I speak to Mr. Lee? --- Sorry, he _____ Harbin. He _____ the city for two days. A. has been to; has been in B. has been to; has gone to C. has gone to; has been to D. has gone to; has been in 3. --- How do you like Treasure Island, Lucy? --- It’s so exciting that I _____ it twice. A. am reading B. have read C. was reading D. had read 4. This museum _____ here for over 80 years. It _____ one of the oldest buildings in this city. A. is; was B. has been; is C. was; has been D. had been; is 5. I don’t feel very well, Jack. I’m afraid you _____ me your cold. A. give B. had given C. have given D. would give 6. I heard a new song on the radio. I _____ high and low in the music store, but I can’t find the song. A. search B. have searched C. am searching D. will search 7. Paula is pleased that she _____ her lost watch. A. finds B. found C. has found D. will find 8. Lei Feng _____ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us. A. died B. has died C. was dead D. has been dead 9. I _____ scared of dogs ever since a dog hurt me when I was five years old. A. will be B. was C. have been D. would be 10. Miss Brown, we _____ cleaning our classroom. Can we go home now? A. finish B. finishing C. are finished D. have finished 11. --- Where are the flowers? --- You see, someone _____ them to the windows. A. moves B. had moved C. has moved D. would move 12. --- May I speak to Mr. Black? --- Sorry, he _____ Hong Kong. But he _____ back in a few days. A. has been to; will come B. has gone to; will come C. has been to; came D. has gone to; came 13. So far, she _____ in the west of China for two months helping the homeless children. A. will stay B. has stayed C. would stay D. had stayed 14. --- Are you surprised at the ending of the movie? --- No, because I _____ the story. A. read B. will read C. have read D. was reading 15. Monica, you _____the exam! Congratulations! A. pass B. have passed C. will pass D. are passing 16. --- Is Miss Green in the office? --- Not, she _____ to the library. A. goes B. had gone C. has gone D. would go 17. --- Lily, why are you still here? School is over for half an hour. --- Because I _____ my task yet. I still need one more hour. A. won’t finish B. didn’t finish C. haven’t finished D. hadn’t finished 18. --- Mr. Li will check our homework this afternoon. _____ you _____ it? --- Not yet. I’m doing it right now. A. Do; finish B. Had; finished C. Will; finish D. Have; finished 19. --- _____ you ever _____ the new Minyuan Stadium? --- No, I haven’t. A. Do; visit B. Have; visited C. Did; visit D. Are; visiting 20. --- When will you hand in your book report? --- Sorry, I’m not sure. I _____ writing it yet. A. didn’t finish B. don’t finish C. hadn’t finished D. haven’t finished 三、句型转换 1. He has already finished his homework. (变成否定句) He _________ finished his homework _________. 2. Has Tom been to Beijing? (做否定回答) No, _________ _________. 3. They have been married for eighteen years. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ have they been married? 4. Mr. Smith has kept this book for three days. (同义句转换) Mr. Simth has kept this book _________ three days _________. 5. Joe’s grandmother dies last year. (转换成现在完成时) Joe’s grandmother _________ _________ _________ for one year. 参考答案： 一、 用所给词的正确形式填空 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2. have been 3. have made 4. has studied 5. have learned 6. Has; travelled 7. Have; read 8. has; come 9. has gone 10. have worked; moved 11. have; seen; saw 12. have read 二、单项选择 1-5 BDBBC 6-10 BCDCD 11-15 BBBCB 16-20 CCDBD 三、句型转换 1. hasn’t; yet 2. he hasn’t 3. How long 4. since; ago 5. has been dead $$