专题01 阅读理解暑假提升练-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题01 阅读理解提升练 (初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 细节理解题 ) 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 4. 以填空题的形式，如： (1)To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________. (2)By the first sentence of the passage author means that________. (3)It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________. (4)If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________. (5)The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ . (6)The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________. 5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。 有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。 ( 考点 二 词义猜测题 )值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 在英语阅读理解中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类： 1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。 2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等； 3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解； 4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。 5.超纲生词。 有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 该类题常见的考查形式有： 1. The phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by ____. 2. The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ____. 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean? 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”? 5. The word “…” most nearly means ____. 对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。 ( 考点 三 推理判断题 )例如，由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that. 2. We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4. The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6. The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8. The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 ( 考点 四 主旨大意题 )5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is… (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is. (9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passage mainly focuses on. 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 【技巧点拨】 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 Passage 1 Exergaming Exergaming is made up of exercise with video games. And there are lots to choose from. Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) is a fun way to work out. Simply stand on a platform and hit the coloured targets with your feet as you follow the instructions on the screen. You score points by hitting the right target at the right time. As the tagline(标语) says, “Taking dancing to a whole new level!” For a gentler form of exercise, try the “Wii Fit” series of games. You can do yoga, strength training and so on when standing on a balance board. Personalise your workout, or exercise with a friend, competing in games! Anti-shoes Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while you’re walking. They’re meant to improve your figure, and strengthen your leg and back muscles. The shoes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Maller. He discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople (who often walk barefoot) don’t suffer from back pain and are famous for their perfect figure. So, he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole(弯曲的鞋底). Walking on this type of shoe is similar to the rocking move of a foot walking on soft sand or grass. Zumba Zumba is a fun form of exercise. As their tagline says, “Drop the workout, join the party!” Zumba is a Latin-inspired fitness dance programme that uses hip-hop, samba, martial arts and belly dance moves to get you in shape. It was created by accident when a trainer forgot his exercise CD and used his own samba music instead. There are lots of different types of classes for all levels, including “Zumbatomic” for children aged 4 to 12, “Zumba Gold” for older participants, and “Aqua Zumba” among many others. 1. If you want to reduce your back pain, you can choose ________. A. DDR B. Wii Fit C. Anti-shoes D. Zumba 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. You can play “Wii Fit” games on a platform. B. Zumba is too difficult for the elderly to dance. C. Playing games also has good effects on health. D. Zumba is a combination of many types of dance. 3. The target readers of the passage are those who ________. A. are interested in hiking B. like trying new kinds of exercise C. like playing video games D. want to improve dancing skills 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了Exergaming、Anti-shoes和Zumba这三种新型锻炼方式的相关信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据Anti-shoes部分的“The shoes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Maller. He discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople (who often walk barefoot) don’t suffer from back pain and are famous for their perfect figure.So, he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole(弯曲的鞋底). Walking on this type of shoe is similar to the rocking move of a foot walking on soft sand or grass.”(这种鞋是由瑞士工程师卡尔·马勒发明的。他发现肯尼亚马赛部落的人(经常赤脚行走)不会背痛，而且以完美的身材而闻名。于是，他决定设计一款弯曲鞋底的鞋子。穿这种鞋走路就像脚在柔软的沙滩或草地上行走时的一样。)可知，Anti-shoes可以减少背部疼痛。故选C项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Zumba部分“Zumba is a Latin-inspired fitness dance programme that uses hip-hop, samba, martial arts and belly dance moves to get you in shape.”(Zumba是一个受拉丁语启发的健身舞蹈项目，它使用嘻哈、桑巴舞、武术和肚皮舞来让你保持身材。)可知，Zumba是许多舞蹈类型的结合。故选D项。 3. 推理判断题。根据Exergaming部分“Exergaming is made up of exercise with video games.”(Exercgaming由运动和电子游戏组成。)、Anti-shoes部分“Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while you’re walking.”(Anti-shoes是为了在走路时锻炼身体的某个部位而设计的。)及Zumba部分“Zumba is a fun form of exercise.”(Zumba是一种有趣的锻炼方式。)可知，本文介绍了三种新型的锻炼方式。由此推知，本文的目标读者是一些想要尝试新型运动的人。故选B项。 Passage 2 Skating School Welcome to Northwell Health Ice Center Skating School, the best skating school on Long Island. Our programs are for all ages and levels; for skaters who simply want to skate for fun or hope to achieve the Olympic dream. Our coaching staff(全体职工) includes national and international coaches. All of them are members of the Professional Skaters Association(职业花样滑冰协会) and are trying their best to provide our skaters with a safe and fun environment. Below you will find detailed information to help you have a fun and successful skating experience at Northwell Health Ice Center. PROGRAM Developed by Learn to Skate USA, our programs include basic through advanced levels. ARRIVAL Please try to arrive 15 minutes early. Go to the group class desk in the hall to check in. SKATE RENTAL(租费) Skate rentals are $5. 00. ATTIRE (服装) Proper attire is important. The skating school recommends gloves and a warm sweater. Please wear no snowsuits or ski jackets. Helmets are required and all skaters must provide their own. PARENTS Professionals are not allowed to speak to parents during class time. If you have a problem, please speak to someone in the skating school office, and they will be happy to help you. Parents are NEVER allowed to step on the ice during group lessons. REFUNDS(退款) There will be no refunds after registration (注册). MAKEUP CLASSES Only one makeup class is allowed and that class must be made up on a different day within the twelve-week classes. For more information, please call 516-441-0070 or contact Valerie Murray at valerie.murray@newyorkislanders.com. 1. What do we know about the skating school? A. It accepts students of all ages. B. It has a staff of all native coaches. C. It designs its own skating programs. D. It requires students to wear ski jackets. 2. Which of the following is allowed? A. Students’ going to school without skates. B. Students’ attending classes without helmets. C. Parents’ talking to coaches during class time. D. Parents’ stepping on the ice during class time. 3. You can contact Valerie Murray when you want to _______. A. get refunds B. make up a class C. ask for the price D. check in for a group class 【答案】1. A 2. A 3. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一所滑冰学校的相关信息。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Our programs are for all ages and levels; for skaters who simply want to skate for fun or hope to achieve the Olympic dream.(我们的项目适用于所有年龄和层次；为那些仅仅为了乐趣或希望实现奥林匹克梦而滑冰的选手而设)”可知，这所滑冰学校接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。 2. 细节理解题。根据ATTIRE(服装)中的“Proper attire is important. The skating school recommends gloves and a warm sweater. Please wear no snowsuits or ski jackets. Helmets are required and all skaters must provide their own.(得体的着装很重要。滑冰学校建议戴手套，穿暖和的毛衣。请不要穿雪衣或滑雪服。所有溜冰者必须提供自己的头盔)”可知，学生不穿溜冰鞋上学是允许的。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“For more information, please call 513-441-0070 or contact Valerie Murray at valerie.murray@newyorkislanders.com.(欲了解更多信息，请致电513-441-0070或与Valerie Murray联系valerie.murray@newyorkislanders.com)”可知，如果你想要询问价格，你可以联系Valerie Murray。故选C。 Passage 3 Nahanni National Park Best time: between June and August. An adventure destination at the northern tip of the Earth and one of the first World Natural Heritage Sites, the park covers an area of 4,700 square kilometers. It is a vast, unexplored land, still preserving the original landscape of wilderness, mountains, canyons, and cliffs. You can only get into the park by small plane! Wood Buffalo National Park Best time: between January and March. As its name suggests, the park is a protected area for wood bison. Thousands of wood bison(森林野牛) live in the park, and many people come for them. It is the largest national park in the area and the second largest in the world, with 44,807 square kilometers of land bigger than Switzerland, where animals can play. Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park Best time: between August and September. Sambaa Deh Falls is a must visit! The rapids rolling between the rocks, the huge mist and the loud roar(呼啸声) will take your breath away. Up the waterfall, there is also the beautiful Coral Falls, and if Sambaa Deh is a majestic young man, Coral Falls is a beautiful young girl. Every year, a large number of coral fossils flow down the Coral Falls. Would you like to pick one up? Ivvavik National Park Best time: between July and August. Stretching from the British Mountains to the Arctic coast and ending with Alaska’s Brooks Range, Ivvavik National Park is a stunning expanse of mountainous district. Plus! The park also contains many cultural sites of great significance to the Aboriginal(土著) people of the North. You can find answers to your aboriginal curiosity here. 1. Of the following parks, which park can only be reached by plane? A. Nahanni National Park. B. Ivvavik National Park. C. Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park. D. Wood Buffalo National Park. 2. What is the right time for visiting Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park? A. January. B. March. C. June. D. September. 3. What can visitors do at Ivvavik National Park? A. They can enjoy the beauty of the wilderness. B. They can collect coral fossils. C. They can experience local culture. D. They can watch the wood bison. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个加拿大的国家公园的特色，以及最佳参观时间。 1. 细节理解题。根据Nahanni National Park下的“You can only get into the park by small plane!(你只能乘小飞机进入公园！)”可知，Nahanni National Park只能乘飞机到达。故选A项。 2. 细节理解题。根据Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park下的“Best time: between August and September.(最佳时间：2月至9月)”可知，2月至9月是参观Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park最好的时间。故选D项。 3. 细节理解题。根据Ivvavik National Park下的“Plus! The park also contains many cultural sites of great significance to the Aboriginal(土著) people of the North. You can find answers to your aboriginal curiosity here.(公园里还有许多对北方原住民有重要意义的文化遗址。你可以在这里找到对原住民好奇心的答案)”可知，游客可以在Ivvavik National Park体验当地文化。故选C项。 Passage 4 One day, a sheep was enjoying himself at the mountainside, while a wolf came out of nowhere all of a sudden and intended to eat it. The sheep jumped away immediately and used his horns to fight against the wolf, crying out loudly to his friends for help. The horse looked down and spotted the wolf, running away quickly. The donkey stopped his pace and spotted the wolf, slipping away quietly. The pig passed by and saw the wolf, rushing down the mountain right away. The rabbit heard the voice of the wolf and dashing away swiftly. The dog heard the cries of the sheep and hurried to the mountainside, jumping out of the bushes and biting the wolf’s neck. The wolf felt so painful that he cried miserably and escaped at once. After the sheep came back home, all his friends visited him. The horse said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? My strong feet could stamp his head broken.” The donkey said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I could shout him away with my horrible voice!” The pig said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I could use my big mouth to crush him down the mountain.” The rabbit said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I am good at running and could ask others to help.” Among all of them, only the dog did not say anything, but the sheep came to realize what was nature of friendship. 1. How did the sheep react when attacked by the wolf? A. He intended to fight against the wolf and eat it. B. He used his horns to fight against the wolf with his friends. C. He ran away immediately and cried out loudly. D. He struggled with the wolf and shouted for help. 2. What does the underlined word “stamp” mean? A. bite B. step C. pat D. drive 3. According to the story, the dog was ______. A. helpful and brave. B. loyal and shy. C. smart and honest. D. friendly and polite. 4. What does the story tell us? A. All are not friends that speak us fair. B. A friend without fault will never be found. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇寓言故事。本文通过羊遇到狼的袭击，向朋友求助，朋友们不同的反应阐述了何谓真正的友谊。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“One day, a sheep was enjoying himself at the mountainside, while a wolf came out of nowhere all of a sudden and intended to eat it. The sheep jumped away immediately and used his horns to fight against the wolf, crying out loudly to his friends for help.(一天，一只羊在山腰上玩得很开心，突然从哪儿窜出来一只狼，想要吃掉它。羊立刻跳开，用角与狼搏斗，大声向朋友们呼救。)”可知，当羊被狼袭击时，它一边与狼搏斗一边向朋友们大声呼救。故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词的主语“My strong feet(我强壮的双脚)”和其后宾语“his head broken.(他的头碎了)” 可知，马认为自己强壮的双脚可以把狼的头踩碎。选项A“bite (咬)”；选项B“step (踩踏)”；选项C“pat (拍打)”；选项D“drive (驾驶)”。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The dog heard the cries of the sheep and hurried to the mountainside, jumping out of the bushes and biting the wolf’s neck. The wolf felt so painful that he cried miserably and escaped at once.(狗听到了羊的叫声，急忙跑到山坡上，从灌木丛中跳出来，咬住了狼的脖子。狼感到非常痛苦，他痛苦地哭了起来，马上逃跑了。)”可知，当狗听到了羊的叫声时，他赶紧赶来帮忙并勇敢地与狼搏斗。可知，狗是乐于助人且勇敢的。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The dog heard the cries of the sheep and hurried to the mountainside, jumping out of the bushes and biting the wolf’s neck. The wolf felt so painful that he cried miserably and escaped at once.(狗听到了羊的叫声，急忙跑到山坡上，从灌木丛中跳出来，咬住了狼的脖子。狼感到非常痛苦，他痛苦地嚎叫了起来，马上逃跑了。)”以及文章最后一段“Among all of them, only the dog did not say anything, but the sheep came to realize what was nature of friendship(在所有的人当中，只有狗什么也没说，而羊却明白了什么是友谊的本质。)”可知，当狗看到朋友有危险时，他会奋不顾身地帮助朋友，阐述了什么叫真正的友谊。选项C“A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患难见真情。)”符合本文主要内容。故选C。 Passage 5 Macie Semrau, a 6-year-old girl from Eliot, Maine, seldom missed school. So, when she refused to even get dressed one day, her mother decided to allow her to stay home with her father Kyle and her 4-year-old brother Caleb. The family would later be extremely thankful that the little girl refused to leave after she found her father passed out in the basement. After returning from his night work, Kyle was feeling light-headed. He told his wife Kate that he would be laying low for the day with their children. He finally made his way to the basement. Macie paid attention to her father’s condition when she heard him shouting, and she and Caleb went to have a look. Macie found her 37-year-old father was about to lose awareness(意识). She asked him for his phone’s passcode(密码) so she could unlock it. After successfully opening his phone, she found the local police department’s number and called the police. Smith was floored by Macie’s decision-making and her ability to stay calm. The little girl listed the family’s Goodwin Road address while explaining that her father was in trouble. In the meantime, Caleb comforted his father. Thanks to Macie and Caleb, he was sent to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, where he required four liters of oxygen(氧气) and spent three days recovering. “I’m very lucky, obviously because of my daughter and son and the police’s response” said Kate. “It was quick,” he added, mentioning that the police arrived just in two minutes thanks to Macie’s call. “It was unbelievable. I was in tears myself,” he said.   The Eliot Police Department also praised the young girl for her quick thinking and strong awareness. Eliot Police Chief Elliot Moya praised the Semraus for teaching their children about awareness of their surroundings(环境) as well as communication skills. Can your child open your phone and call the police? If not, now’s the time for them to learn. 1. What do we know about Macie from paragraph 1? A. She was late for class regularly. B. She went off to school almost every day. C. She enjoyed staying home with her father. D. She liked to play with her brother at home. 2. What did Macie think of first to help her father? A. How to call for help with her father’s phone. B. How to give emergency treatment to her father. C. How to send her father to hospital with her brother. D. How to get her father’s phone to connect to the Internet. 3. Why did Kyle say he was lucky? A. His daughter was wise to skip school that day. B. His kids and the police’s response was immediate. C. A policeman happened to be there to come to his help. D. The police department’s phone was not busy that day. 4. We can infer that parents had better teach their kids to ________. A. fit into their new surroundings B. show off their communication skills C. remember the police’s phone number D. learn some practical life skills earlier 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个六岁的小女孩，在父亲Kyle生病后，通过使用父亲的手机报警，帮助警方及时将父亲送到医院治疗的故事。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Macie Semrau, a 6-year-old girl from Eliot, Maine, seldom missed school.(来自缅因州艾略特的6岁女孩Macie Semrau很少缺课)”可知，Macie Semrau很少缺课，也就是说她几乎每天都去上学。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Macie paid attention to her father’s condition when she heard him shouting, and she and Caleb went to have a look. Macie found her 37-year-old father was about to lose awareness (意识). She asked him for his phone’s passcode (密码) so she could unlock it. After successfully opening his phone, she found the local police department’s number and called the police.(Macie听到父亲的喊声后，注意到了他的情况，她和Caleb去看了看。Macie发现她37岁的父亲快要失去知觉了。她向他要了手机的密码，这样她就可以解锁了。在成功打开他的手机后，她找到了当地警察局的电话号码并报了警)”可知，当Macie自己的父亲快要失去知觉的时候，她首先想到的是解锁父亲的手机让后向警察求助。故选A。 3. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段““I’m very lucky, obviously because of my daughter and son and the police’s response” said Kate. “It was quick,” he added, mentioning that the police arrived just in two minutes thanks to Macie’s call. “It was unbelievable. I was in tears myself,” he said.(凯特说：“我很幸运，显然是因为我的女儿和儿子以及警方的反应。”“行动很快，”他补充说。他提到，多亏了Macie的电话，警察在两分钟内就赶到了。“真是难以置信。我自己也哭了，”他说)”可知，Kyle认为自己很幸运是因为自己的孩子很冷静地向警察求助，而警察也立即作出了反应。故选B。 4. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Eliot Police Chief Elliot Moya praised the Semraus for teaching their children about awareness of their surroundings (环境) as well as communication skills. Can your child open your phone and call the police? If not, now’s the time for them to learn.(艾略特警察局局长Elliot Moya称赞Semraus夫妇教会了孩子们对周围环境的认识以及沟通技巧。你的孩子能打开你的手机报警吗？如果没有，现在是他们学习的时候了)”可推知，文章作者认为父母应该早点教孩子一些实用的生活技能。故选D。 Passage 6 Talking about friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who have wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate(照亮) me and train me up for love. It is only for these people that I reserve(保留) the glowing hours. When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories about different topics (主题). Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures (生物) and the stories and poems stopped. When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend. He was in despair(绝望) and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at that time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. For almost four years I have had a remarkable pen friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters where we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think, “Yes, I must tell...”, though we have never met. It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kindness is worth more to me than the lifetime services of many common people, who will only fill up those darkest moments when I would rather be my own best friend. 1. Which one is not the author’s concern when choosing a friend? A. Sharing the happiness. B. Having good looks. C. Flying with the author. D. Training the author up for love. 2. What does the underlined words “the stories and poems stopped” mean? A. The friendship stopped. B. The writing activity stopped. C. The author didn’t want to write. D. The author left school. 3. The author would prefer to __________ in the darkest moments. A. ask for professional help B. read a poem C. stay alone D. visit tourist attractions 4. What can you learn from the passage? A. The quality of friends is more important than quantity(数量). B. One should have a friend who can visit London together. C. Only a person who is good at writing can be a good friend. D. Good friends should show up in each other’s dreams. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在人生不同时期遇到的几个好朋友对作者的帮助和影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Talking about friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who have wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate (照亮) me and train me up for love. It is only for these people that I reserve (保留) the glowing hours.(说到朋友，我渴望那些能分享我的快乐，有自己的翅膀，和我一起飞翔的人。我寻找那些品质能照亮我、训练我去爱的朋友。我只为这些人保留着光辉的时光)”可知，在选择朋友时，长得好看不是作者所关心的。故选B项。 2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories about different topics (主题). Then we would read them aloud.(我们在学校很少说话，但她会来我家，我们会安静地坐在一起，就不同的主题分别写诗或故事。然后我们大声朗读)”可推知，划线部分the stories and poems stopped“故事和诗歌停止了”指的就是写作活动停止了。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“One bright hour with their kindness is worth more to me than the lifetime services of many common people, who will only fill up those darkest moments when I would rather be my own best friend.(对我来说，与他们友好相处的一个光明时刻比许多普通人一生的服务更有价值，他们只会填补我宁愿做自己最好的朋友时最黑暗的时刻)”可知，在最黑暗的时刻，作者宁愿做自己最好的朋友。由此推知，在这些时候作者宁愿独自一人。故选C项。 4. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think, “Yes, I must tell... ”, though we have never met.(我们每个人都会以一种有趣的方式出现在对方的梦里。她和我一致认为，在某些时候，我们似乎是同一个思想的一部分。在我最有趣的时刻，我经常想，“是的，我必须告诉……，虽然我们从未见过面)”可推知，作者认为好朋友应该出现在彼此的梦里。故选D项。 Passage 7 A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. An instructor read out numbers-7447,7089,9842, and Stevenson added them in her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly. The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus(算盘). For much of that evening, Stevenson used a practice called “mental abacus”, imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work through the problem. From watching Stevenson, I knew that gaining skills on the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads (珠子), so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who harbored some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear of math. My usual solution was avoidance, and if I had to figure out something like percentage change, I would go online. Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I hadn’t become Euclid. But the practice brought my fear of math down a level. This is a long-proved power of the abacus. Confidence grows easily on the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and outcomes appear to move in step, with hard work related highly to performance. My kids had gained some math confidence as well. My youngest daughter would beam broadly after getting a math problem correct, while my older child brought her abacus to school to show to her classmates and teacher. These were small successes. But that’s how they ultimately develop confidence. 1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To prove the difficulty of math. B. To introduce the topic of the abacus. C. To show the intelligence of Stevenson. D. To recommend teaching abacus in schools. 2. What can we infer about the author from paragraph 3? A. He was not good at math. B. He had no interest in the abacus. C. He regarded math as really useful. D. He learned mental abacus from Stevenson. 3. What does the author realize from his learning experience? A. The old methods hardly work today. B. The simplest way is the best way. C. It pays to put theory into practice. D. Practice makes perfect. 4. What does the underlined word “beam” in the last paragraph mean? A. Smile. B. Reflect. C. Explore. D. Agree. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己和孩子学习珠算的故事，得出了“熟能生巧”的道理，并在数学上获得了一些自信。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly.(对于每一个问题，她都闭上眼睛，然后她右手的手指开始移动。她正确地回答了大部分问题)”以及第二段“The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus.(她成功的关键是一种叫做算盘的古老技术)”可推知，第一段的主要目的是引出“算盘”这个主题。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“I was one of the many who harbored some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear of math. My usual solution was avoidance, and if I had to figure out something like percentage change, I would go online.(我是许多对数学有怀疑的人之一，我对数学感到一丝恐惧。我通常的解决方法是回避，如果我必须计算出诸如百分比变化之类的东西，我会上网)”可推知，作者的不擅长数学。故选A。 3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I hadn’t become Euclid. But the practice brought my fear of math down a level. This is a long-proved power of the abacus.(在上了几堂算盘课和大量的练习之后，数学似乎不那么可怕了。我没有成为欧几里得。但是练习让我对数学的恐惧降低了一个水平。这是算盘久经证实的威力)”可推知，作者从自己的学习经历中意识到“熟能生巧”这个道理。故选D。 4. 词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“My kids had gained some math confidence as well.(我的孩子们在数学上也有了一些自信)”及后文“after getting a math problem correct(在做对一道数学题之后)”可推知，作者最小的女儿在做对数学题后获得了自信，很高兴，不由自主微笑，beam意思与smile相近。故选A项。 Passage 8 Most people tend to take a high-pitched(声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 1. How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A. By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B. By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C. By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D. By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 2. What can be learned about most cats in the study? A. They liked hearing people calling their name. B. They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C. They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D. They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 3. What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A. Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B. Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C. Cats see their owners as a food provider. D. Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 4. What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A. Give more attention to their cats. B. Treat their cats like their children. C. Admit that they are a cat person. D. Talk to their cats using baby talk. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于猫的研究，研究发现大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音，并且猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往，建议猫主人多关心他们的猫。 1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing—any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. (为了找出真相，Charlotte de Mouzon和她的团队成员观察了16只猫在听到主人或陌生人说的预先录制好的句子时的反应，通过记录它们的行为变化，比如移动耳朵或尾巴，或者突然停止它们正在做的事情——任何一种都可能表明某个声音引起了它们的注意。)”可知，de Mouzon的团队通过观察猫对不同录音的反应来进行他们的研究。故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段“They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. (他们发现，猫在听到陌生人叫它们名字时通常没有反应，但当它们的主人叫它们名字时，16只猫中有10只表现出了一系列表明注意力增加的行为。)”可知，大多数猫能分辨出主人和陌生人的声音。故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第四段““But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” (“但我们的研究支持了这一观点，即它们是相互依赖的。它提供了进一步的证据，鼓励人类将猫视为敏感和健谈的个体，”她补充说。“作为回报，当人类专门对猫说话时，猫会表现出更大的反应，这一事实为之前对这种互动关系的考虑带来了新的维度。”)”可推知，猫很敏感，喜欢和人交往。故选D。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” (考虑到这些发现，de Mouzon说猫主人不应该对他们和宠物说话的方式感到害羞。她说：“我也把我的两只猫当作孩子一样和它们说话，它们也会回应。人们可能羞于承认这一点，但我认为这有助于加强猫和主人之间的联系。他们知道我们在关注他们。”)”可知，Mouzon鼓励猫主人多关心他们的猫。故选A。 Passage 9 Conflict(冲突) between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise(让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions — and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate(合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 1. What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A. Advising children to give in. B. Changing behavior. C. Reaching an understanding. D. Developing rules. 2. Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A. To compromise with their children. B. To be responsible for their actions. C. To find a reason to punish children. D. To set a good example for children. 3. What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen? A. Teach him how to solve it. B. Handle the situation for him. C. Let him deal with it himself. D. Share the solutions with him. 4. What does the underlined word “misconduct” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Improper behavior. B. Strict rules. C. Good performances. D. Frank words. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了如何解决父母和孩子之间的冲突。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. (重要的是相互沟通，以和平方式解决冲突.)”和“No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. (不管你做什么，和你的孩子交流，确保他们知道你爱他们.)”可知，解决父母和孩子冲突的关键是互相沟通和理解，故选C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. (所以，如果你想让你的孩子以某种方式行事，一种方法可能是改变你的行为，这样你的孩子就会以你为榜样。)”可知，父母首先需在冲突中改变自己的行为，这是为了给孩子树立榜样，故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. (但在某些情况下，除非孩子有身体上的危险，否则最好让孩子自己处理他们所做的事情的负面结果。)”可知，如果孩子造成不好的事情发生，父母应让孩子自己去处理，故选C。 4. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后一句“Thus, if your child disobey the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. (因此，如果你的孩子不遵守规则，明确告诉他，因为他不能负责任地玩玩具，他将被剥夺使用玩具的权利。)”可知，本段是说明确告知孩子不当行为的后果，misconduct意为“不当行为”，故选A。 Passage 10 A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. Paul, professor for health at Skidmore, led the study. “We had the groups divided into evening and morning groups,” he says. “We found women and men answered differently to different types of exercise depending on the time of the day, which surprised us.” The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure(血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle(肌肉) gains or mood(心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise. “For many people, the best time to exercise will depend on their chronotype,” says Heisz, author of Move the Body, Heal the Mind. “Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz. He continues, “Sleep—which provides your body the necessary time to recover(恢复) and make gains from exercise—should always be the first choice. When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.” 1. What can women get by doing evening exercise according to the study? A. A fat loss. B. A good mood. C. A lower blood pressure. D. A smaller risk of heart disease. 2. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A. Give an example. B. Tell the difference. C. Do an experiment. D. Explain a term. 3. What does Heisz think is important to achieve good results of exercise? A. Enough sleep. B. Low-fat food. C. Plenty of water. D. Lots of exercise. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. A Night Owl or An Early Bird B. Why Fitness Plan Being Important C. How to Change Your Exercise Time D. The Best Time of a Day to Exercise 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood (心情) improvement should consider evening exercise.(那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼)”可知，根据这项研究，女性可以通过晚上锻炼改善情绪，变得情绪好。故选B。 2. 推理判断题。根据第五段内容““Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz.(“生物钟是你身体在特定时间睡觉的自然习惯，它决定了你是夜猫子还是早起鸟。对于25%认为自己是夜猫子的人来说，获得足够的睡眠和足够的锻炼是很困难的，”海兹补充道)”可知，在本段作者解释了一个术语——生物钟。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.(说到运动，不管研究表明在一天中的特定时间进行某些运动有什么好处，如果没有足够的睡眠时间，你的结果都不会好)”可知，海兹认为要达到良好的运动效果，足够的睡眠是重要的。故选A。 4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. ( 斯基德莫尔学院的一项小型研究调查了早晚锻炼对女性和男性的好处)”和第三段的“The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure (血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle (肌肉) gains or mood(心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise.(研究表明，对于想要降低血压、心脏病风险或减少脂肪的女性来说，晨练效果最好。那些希望增加上身肌肉或改善情绪的女性应该考虑晚上锻炼。对于男性来说，研究结果有些不同：晚上锻炼可以降低血压、患心脏病的风险和疲劳感。但与女性相似的是，他们通过晨练燃烧更多的脂肪)”可知，本文讲述了一项关于早晚锻炼对女性和男性不同的受益，研究表明对于男性和女性根据需求不同最佳锻炼时间不同。因此推断D项“一天中锻炼的最佳时间”为最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 11 IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick(刺;扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off, blood-drawing cartridge(针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device (装置) that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data(数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as Wellness FX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health. But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for health y people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may not offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.” Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals? 1. Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph? A. To explain a scene. B. To provide an example. C. To make a comparison. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What can we learn about the company Cor’s blood-testing system? A. It is painless and cheap to use. B. It has won popularity among people. C. It may give advice on our diet according to the health data. D. It offers accurate health information about our body 3. What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system? A. Negative. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Objective. 4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. Home blood testing: your health monitor! B. Home blood tests: yes or no? C. A new system of improving your health. D. Should blood tests be allowed at home? 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. B 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了未来可能会兴起的新技术——家庭验血技术。 1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.(除非你患有严重的疾病，如糖尿病，否则你可能从未检测过自己的血液。但在未来，这种情况可能会改变。)”和第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing.(Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统。)”可知，作者在第一段提到了典型的早晨是为了引出话题。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data (数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.(几分钟后，你的手机会嗡嗡作响地发出最新的信息，包括你当前的健康数据，以及关于白天吃什么和如何锻炼的建议。)”可知，Cor公司的血液检测系统可以根据健康数据对我们的饮食提出建议。故选C项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”(哈佛大学医学院的彼得·科恩在接受《纽约时报》采访时表示：“最轻微的结果是，你丢了钱，然后被提醒要多睡觉，多吃水果、蔬菜和鱼。”“最糟糕的结果是，你最终会被可能不正常的结果吓坏，而这些结果对你来说实际上是完全正常的。”)”可知，彼得·科恩对这种制度持消极态度。故选A项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing.(Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统。)”和最后一段“So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals?(你怎么看?通过针刺来监测自己的健康是未来的方式吗?还是把验血留给专业医生更好?)”可知，文章说明了Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统，且说明了家庭血液检测系统的利弊，所以B选项“家庭验血：肯定还是否定?”适合用作文章标题。故选B项。 Passage 12 This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to lose weight. You don’t have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin. ◆Wake-up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, lean forward(前俯) until you feel sore(酸痛的) in your back. It will use up 10 calories. ◆Start with soup Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes. ◆An apple or more a day Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach will want less. Studies show that people who eat at least three apples or pears a day may lose weight. ◆Talk it up Every time you use the cell phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn up 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. 1. The text is to encourage you to ______. A. go on a diet B. follow some habits of thin people C. join a gym D. give up your favorite foods 2. Which of the following ways is a good choice to become thin? A. Sit up quickly in the morning. B. Sit down when using a cell phone. C. Eat rice instead of apples. D. Have soup before the main food. 3. How many skills are there in the text for people to lose weight? A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. D. Four 4. The text is most likely to be read ______. A. on a map B. in a dictionary C. in a story-book D. in a magazine 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. D 4. D 【语篇解读】本文为说明文。这篇短文主要是告诉人们改掉坏的生活习惯来减肥，作者对此提出几点详细的建议。 1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you'll become thin.及下文描述，可知，本文旨在鼓励你遵循瘦人们的一些习惯来减肥。故B选项正确。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes.可知，在主食前喝汤是减肥的好选择。其它选项明显与文章内容不符。故D选项正确。 3. 细节理解题。通读全文可知，本文中给出了四种减肥的技巧。故D选项正确。 4. 推理判断题。这篇短文主要是告诉人们改掉坏的生活习惯来减肥，属于健康内容，极可能在杂志上能读到。故D选项正确。 【点睛】本文浅显易懂，层次分明，学生很容易把握文章中心内容。答题中注意带着问题阅读短文，一般就能顺利找出答题依据。对于不能直接找到根据的问题注意联系上下文，根据短文中心总结出正确答案。例如第2小题，要求我们找出四个选项中哪一个是减肥的好选择。对比原文可知，只有D选项Have soup before the main food.与文章Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you'll feel fuller, so you'll eat less when the main food comes.相符，其它三个选项明显与文章内容相违背。从而确定D选项正确。 Passage 13 Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma(沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases. All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation(环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base. We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically. For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape. Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight. 1. What was the greatest concern of Bushin? A. The possible loss of her eyesight. B. The slim chance of getting rid of poverty. C. The potential inability to support her family. D. The deliberate neglect of her by her parents. 2. What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Caught. B. Removed. C. Tracked. D. Analyzed. 3. In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs? A. Critical. B. Regretful. C. Humorous. D. Positive. 4. What can we infer from the text? A. NTDs could be cured earlier than expected. B. Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected. C. Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue. D. International cooperation is a must for treating a disease. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 【语篇解读】本文是说明文。介绍了在一些贫困地区，由于医疗条件差导致许多疾病无法治疗，由于疾病无法工作而导致更贫穷的现状，幸运的是，利用已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施，一些疾病可以完全被控制或治愈。在对抗贫困地区疾病方面还需要全人类共同努力。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working,”可知，Bushin最担心的不是漫长痛苦的失明。她担心失明会让她无法工作，无法养活家人。故选C。 2. 词义猜测题。根据第二段“All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions.”可知，所有的热带疾病都可以通过已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施得到完全控制或治愈，再结合画线短语前的“We know it can be done. ”可知，我们知道这是可以做到的。因此此处是说通过长期的努力，一些热带疾病在一些国家已经被消灭了，由此可知画线短语的意思是“消灭、去除”的意思，故选B。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段“All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions.”(所有的热带疾病都可以通过已知的公共卫生方法和干预措施得到完全控制或治愈)、第三段“We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos.”(我们知道这是可以做到的。经过长期努力，老挝等一些国家已经消灭了一些热带疾病)、第四段“For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight.”(对于Bushin来说，这个故事的结局很好。通过国外援助项目，她成功地完成了治疗沙眼的手术，挽救了视力)以及最后一段“The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people.”(全球抗击热带疾病的成功对数百万人来说是个好消息。)可推知作者对热带疾病的治疗是积极的，充满希望的。故选D。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working,”可知，Bushin害怕疾病会让她无法工作，无法养活家人、第二段“Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base.”(预防、控制和治疗这些疾病，从根本上扑灭了贫困之火。) 并结合常识可知因疾病而无法工作，会导致贫穷；由于贫穷，医疗条件差，会使疾病无法得到治疗。即贫穷和疾病在很大程度上相互关联，故选B。 Passage 14 Some earlier studies had found no clear color preference among mosquitoes. One study found they prefer blue, another that they prefer yellow-green. What should people make of such conflicting results? The apparent color of an object doesn’t just depend on the wavelengths of light it gives off, Claire Rusch explains, who studies mosquitoes for years. It also can be affected by the brightness of that light and its contrast against surrounding colors. Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito’s preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. To do this, she designed a test chamber(室) that was 450 mosquito-body-lengths long in her experiment. Lined with cameras, it recorded the insects’ flight patterns. Two small colored disks laid on the floor of the chamber. Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks’ color, contrast or brightness. So, the researchers projected a chessboard pattern onto the floor of the chamber and gray along the walls. That way, if the mosquitoes went to the colored disks, it could only be due to the disks’ color. The researchers released about 50 starved mosquitoes into the chamber at a time. Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they’ve sensed CO2, so the team sprayed(喷) CO2 inside the chamber. They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. To further investigate that, the team placed disks with different skin tones. But the mosquitoes didn't seem to prefer any particular skin colors. All were equally attractive. 1. What can be inferred about mosquitoes from the first two paragraphs? A. The wavelengths determine the color of an object. B. The background color affects mosquitoes’ eyesight. C. Mosquitoes’ eyes are not sensitive to color contrast. D. Testing their color preference is not so easy. 2. What might affect the result of the experiment? A. The length of the chamber. B. The number of mosquitoes. C. The brightness of the disks. D. The pattern of the chessboard. 3. Why is CO2 used in the experiment? A. To take clearer photos of mosquitoes. B. To stimulate mosquitoes to look for food. C. To slow down the speed of mosquitoes. D. To raise the temperature in the chamber. 4. What can be Rusch’s research finding? A. Cool colors can drive mosquitoes away. B. Skin colors are mosquitoes’ favorite. C. People in red may attract most mosquitoes. D. All colors are equally attractive to mosquitoes. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。介绍了Rusch就蚊子是否会有特定的颜色偏好所做的研究。 1. 推理判断题。第一段讲述了针对蚊子的颜色偏好不同的研究结果。通过第二段“Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito's preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. (人类看到物体的颜色很大程度上取决于它发出的光的波长。但其他生物的眼睛可能对对比度或亮度更敏感。“我们需要控制所有这些变量，以真正确定蚊子的偏好来自物体的波长，”Rusch说)”可之，其他生物(蚊子)对对比度或亮度较敏感，所以做有关蚊子对颜色偏好的实验并不容易，要控制好所有变量才能得到准确结果，故答案为D。 2. 推理判断题。由第四段“Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks' color, contrast or brightness. (因为研究人员想知道蚊子是否会被特定的颜色吸引，所以圆盘不能是室内最暗或最亮的物体。否则，蚊子是否被圆盘的颜色、对比度或亮度所吸引就不得而知了)”可知，研究人员在做实验时要注意圆盘的颜色，太亮太暗都不行，不然会影响实验结果。由此可推断出，C项“The brightness of the disks. (圆盘的亮度)”符合题意。故答案为C。 3. 细节理解题。由第五段“Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they've sensed CO2, so the team sprayed(喷)CO2 inside the chamber. (因为蚊子在感应到二氧化碳后才会开始捕食，所以研究小组在室内喷洒了二氧化碳)”可知，研究人员喷洒二氧化碳的原因是为了吸引蚊子捕食。选项B中的“look for”呼应文中的“hunting”。故答案为B。 4. 推理判断题。倒数第二段“They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. (他们发现，在喷洒二氧化碳之前，蚊子忽略了所有有颜色的圆盘。有了二氧化碳，蚊子会忽略任何绿色、蓝色或紫色的圆盘。但昆虫确实会飞向红色、橙色或浅蓝色的圆盘。它们似乎特别喜欢红色)”是研究结果，表明红色、橙色和浅蓝色吸引蚊子注意，尤其是蚊子可能会更偏爱红色，所以选项C“People in red may attract most mosquitoes. (穿红色衣服的人可能吸引大多数蚊子)”符合Rusch的研究结果，故答案为C。 Passage 15 To snack or not to snack? That is the question for doctors and for you, as you try to decide what to do about your hungry stomach when it’s nowhere close to mealtime. The short answer is: I have the snack. Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. “Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,” said medicine specialist Robert Graham. “So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.” But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits. Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients(营养) to your diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritionist, says you can’t go wrong with a handful of mixed nuts, which can help your heart. Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal. The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake. If you’ve ever been unhappy with someone when you were hungry, you know that food can influence your mood. Snacking helps you avoid that position, resulting in fewer mood swings and better focus. Some studies have shown that healthy snacking may also improve memory and cognitive performance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. If you wait too long to eat between meals, your body thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hormone to remind you, which can produce negative moods. In addition to drinking water, snacking on fresh fruits can help your brain. There are different ways to go about(处理) this whole snacking things. Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected. When you snack mindfully, it’s easier to take a deep breath, focus on exactly what you’re eating at that moment, and enjoy the day around you too. 1. How does the author develop the second paragraph? A. By listing numbers. B. By using metaphor. C. By using parallel structures. D. By giving examples. 2. What is closest in meaning to “staminal” in paragraph 3 ? A. Extreme. B. Stressed. C. Material. D. Energetic. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. We should have the snack instead of main meals. B. Nuts and fruits may contribute to gaining weight. C. Good snack can help people lose weight and improve health. D. Snacking on cookies and chips can help with depression and anxiety. 4. In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this article? A. Fitness. B. Historical stories. C. Culture and customs. D. Traffic and holidays. 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了零食的选择对健康的影响，以及如何选择健康的零食。 1. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. ‘Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,’ said medicine specialist Robert Graham. ‘So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.’(聪明的零食可以防止由于极度饥饿而导致的不健康的暴饮暴食。‘你的身体一直在和你说话一你只需要倾听。’医学专家Robert Graham说：‘所以，如果你开始感到有点饿了，不要等。’)”以及“But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits.(但你不能随便拿点零食。薯片和饼干会迅速提高你的血糖，从而导致糖崩溃。相反，尝试坚果和水果)”可知，第二段是通过医学专家的话来证实零食可以减肥，并通过薯片等来说明如何选择零食，所以本段是通过举例子展开叙述的，故选D。 2. 词义猜测题。根据和划线词所在句“Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal.(吃富含蛋白质的食物有助于保持你的肌肉强壮和staminal。) ”中的“keep your muscle strong and”以及划线词下文“The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake.(人体每餐只能吸收有限的蛋白质，因此通过零食在一天中分配蛋白质可以最大限度地增加蛋白质摄入量)”可知，吃富含蛋白质的食物对人体有好处，staminal与strong并列作宾补，都是具有积极含义的词；由此可推断，staminal与D选项Energetic意思最相近，表示“精力充沛的”，故选D。 3. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger.(吃零食能帮你减掉几磅吗？是的。聪明的零食可以防止由于极度饥饿而导致的不健康的暴饮暴食)”、第三段中“Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients (营养) to your diet.(吃零食是在饮食中添加多种营养的一种方式)”和最后一段中“Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don't stop at weight loss and improved health(选择一个健康的，合适大小的，填饱肚子的选择，它的好处不仅仅是减肥和改善健康)”可知，好的零食可以帮助人们减肥并改善健康，故选C。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合最后一段中“Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected.(选择一个健康的，合适大小的，填饱肚子的选择，它的好处不仅仅是减肥和改善健康；你的总体生活方式可能会受到影响)”可知，文章主要讲述聪明地选择零食不仅仅是减肥和改善健康，还会影响生活方式，由此推知文章应是出自杂志中的健康部分，故选A。 27 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题01 阅读理解提升练 (初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 细节理解题 ) 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 常见的命题方式通常有： 1.特殊疑问句形式。以when, where, what, which, who, how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题； 2. 以是非题的形式。true /false, not true / false或EXCEPT，近年这种题型较少； 3. 以According to… 开头提问方式； 4. 以填空题的形式，如： (1)To avoid attracting mountain lions, people are advised________. (2)By the first sentence of the passage author means that________. (3)It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on________. (4)If you are interested in knowing about what people’s life will be, you may visit________. (5)The policemen were told “to look the other way” (the underlined part in Paragraph 2) so that________ . (6)The policeman who said “Good evening” to Rolls wanted to________. 5. 就文中数字、排序、识图等提问。 做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取 “带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。除了运用扫读法(scanning)外，还可以兼用排除法.将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。 了解细节题干扰选项的特点也有助于考生提高答题的正确率。一般情况下，干扰项有如下几个特点：(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容；(2)符合常识，但不是文章内容；(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在程度上有些变动；(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正确，部分错误。 有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候(做判断、推断或结论的时候)能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断。此类试题在高考中占大多数。 ( 考点 二 词义猜测题 )值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。 在英语阅读理解中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类： 1.旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。 2.合成词、转化词与派生词，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等； 3.“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解； 4.“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景。 5.超纲生词。 有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。 该类题常见的考查形式有： 1. The phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by ____. 2. The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ____. 3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean? 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”? 5. The word “…” most nearly means ____. 对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。 ( 考点 三 推理判断题 )例如，由上下文的语境是解决词义猜测题的重要解题方法。划线词的意思往往是我们要猜测的意思。我们可以通过已知的上下文的词汇或者句子来猜测未知的意思。 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1. From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that. 2. We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4. The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5. To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6. The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8. The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1. 首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。 2. 要吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。有的推断，考生完全可以根据文章中所阐述的细节，再结合自己所掌握的基础知识、有关背景知识或常识来帮助进行分析、推敲，从而得出符合文章原意的结论。 3. 要对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工，由表及里，由浅入深，从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分析、综合、判断等，进行深层处理，合乎逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义，以偏概全。 4. 要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构，同时还要体会文章的基调，揣摩作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。 ( 考点 四 主旨大意题 )5. 在解答推理性问题时，一定要注意确定推理依据的位置或范围。应清楚所要解答的问题需要针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。针对细节的推断可运用scanning的方法，迅速在材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。针对主题思想作推断时，则常常要纵览全篇文章。 高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。 在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is… (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________. (5) What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? (8) The purpose of this passage is. (9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text? (10) Which of the following best summarized the passage? (11) The passage mainly focuses on. 从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。下面结合高考题实例来具体分析此类题目的解题技巧。 【技巧点拨】 文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾(含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句)。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。 Passage 1 Exergaming Exergaming is made up of exercise with video games. And there are lots to choose from. Dance Dance Revolution (DDR) is a fun way to work out. Simply stand on a platform and hit the coloured targets with your feet as you follow the instructions on the screen. You score points by hitting the right target at the right time. As the tagline(标语) says, “Taking dancing to a whole new level!” For a gentler form of exercise, try the “Wii Fit” series of games. You can do yoga, strength training and so on when standing on a balance board. Personalise your workout, or exercise with a friend, competing in games! Anti-shoes Anti-shoes are designed to exercise parts of your body while you’re walking. They’re meant to improve your figure, and strengthen your leg and back muscles. The shoes were invented by Swiss engineer Karl Maller. He discovered that the Kenyan Masai tribespeople (who often walk barefoot) don’t suffer from back pain and are famous for their perfect figure. So, he decided that the answer was a shoe with a curved sole(弯曲的鞋底). Walking on this type of shoe is similar to the rocking move of a foot walking on soft sand or grass. Zumba Zumba is a fun form of exercise. As their tagline says, “Drop the workout, join the party!” Zumba is a Latin-inspired fitness dance programme that uses hip-hop, samba, martial arts and belly dance moves to get you in shape. It was created by accident when a trainer forgot his exercise CD and used his own samba music instead. There are lots of different types of classes for all levels, including “Zumbatomic” for children aged 4 to 12, “Zumba Gold” for older participants, and “Aqua Zumba” among many others. 1. If you want to reduce your back pain, you can choose ________. A. DDR B. Wii Fit C. Anti-shoes D. Zumba 2. What can we learn from the passage? A. You can play “Wii Fit” games on a platform. B. Zumba is too difficult for the elderly to dance. C. Playing games also has good effects on health. D. Zumba is a combination of many types of dance. 3. The target readers of the passage are those who ________. A. are interested in hiking B. like trying new kinds of exercise C. like playing video games D. want to improve dancing skills Passage 2 Skating School Welcome to Northwell Health Ice Center Skating School, the best skating school on Long Island. Our programs are for all ages and levels; for skaters who simply want to skate for fun or hope to achieve the Olympic dream. Our coaching staff(全体职工) includes national and international coaches. All of them are members of the Professional Skaters Association(职业花样滑冰协会) and are trying their best to provide our skaters with a safe and fun environment. Below you will find detailed information to help you have a fun and successful skating experience at Northwell Health Ice Center. PROGRAM Developed by Learn to Skate USA, our programs include basic through advanced levels. ARRIVAL Please try to arrive 15 minutes early. Go to the group class desk in the hall to check in. SKATE RENTAL(租费) Skate rentals are $5. 00. ATTIRE (服装) Proper attire is important. The skating school recommends gloves and a warm sweater. Please wear no snowsuits or ski jackets. Helmets are required and all skaters must provide their own. PARENTS Professionals are not allowed to speak to parents during class time. If you have a problem, please speak to someone in the skating school office, and they will be happy to help you. Parents are NEVER allowed to step on the ice during group lessons. REFUNDS(退款) There will be no refunds after registration (注册). MAKEUP CLASSES Only one makeup class is allowed and that class must be made up on a different day within the twelve-week classes. For more information, please call 516-441-0070 or contact Valerie Murray at valerie.murray@newyorkislanders.com. 1. What do we know about the skating school? A. It accepts students of all ages. B. It has a staff of all native coaches. C. It designs its own skating programs. D. It requires students to wear ski jackets. 2. Which of the following is allowed? A. Students’ going to school without skates. B. Students’ attending classes without helmets. C. Parents’ talking to coaches during class time. D. Parents’ stepping on the ice during class time. 3. You can contact Valerie Murray when you want to _______. A. get refunds B. make up a class C. ask for the price D. check in for a group class Passage 3 Nahanni National Park Best time: between June and August. An adventure destination at the northern tip of the Earth and one of the first World Natural Heritage Sites, the park covers an area of 4,700 square kilometers. It is a vast, unexplored land, still preserving the original landscape of wilderness, mountains, canyons, and cliffs. You can only get into the park by small plane! Wood Buffalo National Park Best time: between January and March. As its name suggests, the park is a protected area for wood bison. Thousands of wood bison(森林野牛) live in the park, and many people come for them. It is the largest national park in the area and the second largest in the world, with 44,807 square kilometers of land bigger than Switzerland, where animals can play. Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park Best time: between August and September. Sambaa Deh Falls is a must visit! The rapids rolling between the rocks, the huge mist and the loud roar(呼啸声) will take your breath away. Up the waterfall, there is also the beautiful Coral Falls, and if Sambaa Deh is a majestic young man, Coral Falls is a beautiful young girl. Every year, a large number of coral fossils flow down the Coral Falls. Would you like to pick one up? Ivvavik National Park Best time: between July and August. Stretching from the British Mountains to the Arctic coast and ending with Alaska’s Brooks Range, Ivvavik National Park is a stunning expanse of mountainous district. Plus! The park also contains many cultural sites of great significance to the Aboriginal(土著) people of the North. You can find answers to your aboriginal curiosity here. 1. Of the following parks, which park can only be reached by plane? A. Nahanni National Park. B. Ivvavik National Park. C. Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park. D. Wood Buffalo National Park. 2. What is the right time for visiting Sambaa Deh Falls Territorial Park? A. January. B. March. C. June. D. September. 3. What can visitors do at Ivvavik National Park? A. They can enjoy the beauty of the wilderness. B. They can collect coral fossils. C. They can experience local culture. D. They can watch the wood bison. Passage 4 One day, a sheep was enjoying himself at the mountainside, while a wolf came out of nowhere all of a sudden and intended to eat it. The sheep jumped away immediately and used his horns to fight against the wolf, crying out loudly to his friends for help. The horse looked down and spotted the wolf, running away quickly. The donkey stopped his pace and spotted the wolf, slipping away quietly. The pig passed by and saw the wolf, rushing down the mountain right away. The rabbit heard the voice of the wolf and dashing away swiftly. The dog heard the cries of the sheep and hurried to the mountainside, jumping out of the bushes and biting the wolf’s neck. The wolf felt so painful that he cried miserably and escaped at once. After the sheep came back home, all his friends visited him. The horse said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? My strong feet could stamp his head broken.” The donkey said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I could shout him away with my horrible voice!” The pig said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I could use my big mouth to crush him down the mountain.” The rabbit said, “Why not tell me you were in danger? I am good at running and could ask others to help.” Among all of them, only the dog did not say anything, but the sheep came to realize what was nature of friendship. 1. How did the sheep react when attacked by the wolf? A. He intended to fight against the wolf and eat it. B. He used his horns to fight against the wolf with his friends. C. He ran away immediately and cried out loudly. D. He struggled with the wolf and shouted for help. 2. What does the underlined word “stamp” mean? A. bite B. step C. pat D. drive 3. According to the story, the dog was ______. A. helpful and brave. B. loyal and shy. C. smart and honest. D. friendly and polite. 4. What does the story tell us? A. All are not friends that speak us fair. B. A friend without fault will never be found. C. A friend in need is a friend indeed. D. A friend to everybody is a friend to nobody. Passage 5 Macie Semrau, a 6-year-old girl from Eliot, Maine, seldom missed school. So, when she refused to even get dressed one day, her mother decided to allow her to stay home with her father Kyle and her 4-year-old brother Caleb. The family would later be extremely thankful that the little girl refused to leave after she found her father passed out in the basement. After returning from his night work, Kyle was feeling light-headed. He told his wife Kate that he would be laying low for the day with their children. He finally made his way to the basement. Macie paid attention to her father’s condition when she heard him shouting, and she and Caleb went to have a look. Macie found her 37-year-old father was about to lose awareness(意识). She asked him for his phone’s passcode(密码) so she could unlock it. After successfully opening his phone, she found the local police department’s number and called the police. Smith was floored by Macie’s decision-making and her ability to stay calm. The little girl listed the family’s Goodwin Road address while explaining that her father was in trouble. In the meantime, Caleb comforted his father. Thanks to Macie and Caleb, he was sent to Wentworth-Douglass Hospital, where he required four liters of oxygen(氧气) and spent three days recovering. “I’m very lucky, obviously because of my daughter and son and the police’s response” said Kate. “It was quick,” he added, mentioning that the police arrived just in two minutes thanks to Macie’s call. “It was unbelievable. I was in tears myself,” he said.   The Eliot Police Department also praised the young girl for her quick thinking and strong awareness. Eliot Police Chief Elliot Moya praised the Semraus for teaching their children about awareness of their surroundings(环境) as well as communication skills. Can your child open your phone and call the police? If not, now’s the time for them to learn. 1. What do we know about Macie from paragraph 1? A. She was late for class regularly. B. She went off to school almost every day. C. She enjoyed staying home with her father. D. She liked to play with her brother at home. 2. What did Macie think of first to help her father? A. How to call for help with her father’s phone. B. How to give emergency treatment to her father. C. How to send her father to hospital with her brother. D. How to get her father’s phone to connect to the Internet. 3. Why did Kyle say he was lucky? A. His daughter was wise to skip school that day. B. His kids and the police’s response was immediate. C. A policeman happened to be there to come to his help. D. The police department’s phone was not busy that day. 4. We can infer that parents had better teach their kids to ________. A. fit into their new surroundings B. show off their communication skills C. remember the police’s phone number D. learn some practical life skills earlier Passage 6 Talking about friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who have wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate(照亮) me and train me up for love. It is only for these people that I reserve(保留) the glowing hours. When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories about different topics (主题). Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures (生物) and the stories and poems stopped. When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend. He was in despair(绝望) and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at that time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other. For almost four years I have had a remarkable pen friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters where we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think, “Yes, I must tell...”, though we have never met. It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kindness is worth more to me than the lifetime services of many common people, who will only fill up those darkest moments when I would rather be my own best friend. 1. Which one is not the author’s concern when choosing a friend? A. Sharing the happiness. B. Having good looks. C. Flying with the author. D. Training the author up for love. 2. What does the underlined words “the stories and poems stopped” mean? A. The friendship stopped. B. The writing activity stopped. C. The author didn’t want to write. D. The author left school. 3. The author would prefer to __________ in the darkest moments. A. ask for professional help B. read a poem C. stay alone D. visit tourist attractions 4. What can you learn from the passage? A. The quality of friends is more important than quantity(数量). B. One should have a friend who can visit London together. C. Only a person who is good at writing can be a good friend. D. Good friends should show up in each other’s dreams. Passage 7 A few years ago, I stood in a small classroom, watching a high schooler named Serena Stevenson answer math questions. An instructor read out numbers-7447,7089,9842, and Stevenson added them in her head. For each question, she closed her eyes, and then the fingers of her right hand began to move. She answered most of the problems correctly. The key to her success was an ancient technology called the abacus(算盘). For much of that evening, Stevenson used a practice called “mental abacus”, imagining the abacus in her mind and then using her fingers to work through the problem. From watching Stevenson, I knew that gaining skills on the abacus was more than a matter of counting beads (珠子), so I decided to sign up for an abacus course with my two daughters to see if we could also improve our math skills. I was one of the many who harbored some math doubts and I felt a touch of fear of math. My usual solution was avoidance, and if I had to figure out something like percentage change, I would go online. Then after a few abacus classes and a good amount of practice, math seemed a little less frightening. I hadn’t become Euclid. But the practice brought my fear of math down a level. This is a long-proved power of the abacus. Confidence grows easily on the device, and abacus students are less likely to be nervous about an upcoming math test, according to one study. Part of the reason, it seems, is that practice and outcomes appear to move in step, with hard work related highly to performance. My kids had gained some math confidence as well. My youngest daughter would beam broadly after getting a math problem correct, while my older child brought her abacus to school to show to her classmates and teacher. These were small successes. But that’s how they ultimately develop confidence. 1. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To prove the difficulty of math. B. To introduce the topic of the abacus. C. To show the intelligence of Stevenson. D. To recommend teaching abacus in schools. 2. What can we infer about the author from paragraph 3? A. He was not good at math. B. He had no interest in the abacus. C. He regarded math as really useful. D. He learned mental abacus from Stevenson. 3. What does the author realize from his learning experience? A. The old methods hardly work today. B. The simplest way is the best way. C. It pays to put theory into practice. D. Practice makes perfect. 4. What does the underlined word “beam” in the last paragraph mean? A. Smile. B. Reflect. C. Explore. D. Agree. Passage 8 Most people tend to take a high-pitched(声调高的), sing-song tone when speaking to animals and human babies. Although the research before has suggested that such “baby talk” is more likely to catch dogs’ attention, less was known about how cats react to being spoken to in this way. To find out the truth, Charlotte de Mouzon and her team members watched how 16 cats responded to hearing pre-recorded sentences spoken by their owner or a stranger, by recording changes in their behaviour, such as moving their ears or tails, or suddenly stopping what they were doing — any of which could show that a sound had caught their attention. They found that the cats often made no response to hearing a stranger’s voice calling their name, but when their owner did it, 10 of the 16 cats showed a series of behaviors suggesting increased attention. Cats also showed more signs of interest when they heard their owner speaking sentences in a tone usually used to talk to their cats - but not when a stranger used this tone, or when their owner spoke the same sentence as if talking to a fellow adult human. “For a long time it has been thought that cats are very independent animals, only interested in humans for food and shelter (庇护),” de Mouzon said. “But our research supports the idea that they are attached. It brings further evidence to encourage humans to consider cats as sensitive and communicative individuals,” she added. “The fact that, in return, cats show a greater reaction when their humans specifically address them brings a new dimension to previous considerations of this interactive relationship.” Considering these findings, de Mouzon said cat owners shouldn’t feel shy about the way they speak to their pets. “I also talk to my two cats as if they were children and they do respond,” she said. “People may be shy about admitting this, but I think it can help to strengthen the bond between cats and their owners. They know that we are giving them attention.” 1. How did de Mouzon’s team carry out their study? A. By recording the sounds that caught cats’ attention. B. By listing the causes of cats’changes in behaviors . C. By watching the reaction of cats to different recordings. D. By studying the interaction between cats and their owners. 2. What can be learned about most cats in the study? A. They liked hearing people calling their name. B. They were able to tell their owner’s voice from a stranger’s. C. They had a greater reaction when their owner talked to other cats. D. They showed more interest when a stranger imitated their owner’s tone. 3. What do de Mouzon’s words in paragraph 4 indicate? A. Cats aren’t as independent as believed. B. Cats aren’t eager to please their owners. C. Cats see their owners as a food provider. D. Cats are sensitive and like interacting with people. 4. What did de Mouzon encourage cat owners to do? A. Give more attention to their cats. B. Treat their cats like their children. C. Admit that they are a cat person. D. Talk to their cats using baby talk. Passage 9 Conflict(冲突) between parents and children is normal. It is part of family life. But conflict that goes on for a long time and gets worse over time can cause stress and can hurt relationships. It is important to communicate with each other and bring conflict to a peaceful solution. You can do this through compromise(让步) or by agreeing to disagree. No matter what else you do, communicate with your children and make sure they know that you love them. This can make dealing with conflict easier and more effective. In some cases, you may have to change your behaviour to settle a conflict with your child. Some of your child’s behaviour may be a reaction to your behaviour. So, if you want your child to behave in a certain way, one way may be to change your behaviour so that your child will follow your model. But children should be responsible for their own actions — and the results. All parents want to protect their children. But in some cases, unless the child is in physical danger, it may be best to let the child deal with the negative results of things they do. Collaborate(合作) to develop specific rules and write them down. These may include statements such as how much time they can spend on electronics, and when homework must be completed. Not only are you modeling for your kids how to work together and resolve differences, but you also are working out important guidelines for how your house will operate. Have clear results for misconduct. Thus, if your child disobeys the rules, make it clear that the right to use the toy will be taken away because of his inability to play with it responsibly. Additionally, create routines so that they know when they have free time to themselves after they have completed tasks set out for them. These could include helping feed the family pet, taking a shower, or finishing homework. 1. What’s the key to solving the conflict between parents and children? A. Advising children to give in. B. Changing behavior. C. Reaching an understanding. D. Developing rules. 2. Why do parents need to change their behavior first in the conflict? A. To compromise with their children. B. To be responsible for their actions. C. To find a reason to punish children. D. To set a good example for children. 3. What should parents do if the child causes something bad to happen? A. Teach him how to solve it. B. Handle the situation for him. C. Let him deal with it himself. D. Share the solutions with him. 4. What does the underlined word “misconduct” in Paragraph 5 mean? A. Improper behavior. B. Strict rules. C. Good performances. D. Frank words. Passage 10 A small study out of Skidmore College examined the advantages of morning vs, evening exercise for both women and men. Paul, professor for health at Skidmore, led the study. “We had the groups divided into evening and morning groups,” he says. “We found women and men answered differently to different types of exercise depending on the time of the day, which surprised us.” The study showed that for women who want to lower blood pressure(血压), the risk of heart disease or reduce fat, morning exercise works best. Those women hoping for upper body muscle(肌肉) gains or mood(心情) improvement should consider evening exercise. For the men, the findings were somewhat different: Evening exercise lowers blood pressure, the risk of heart disease, and feelings of tiredness. But similar to women, they burn more fat with morning exercise. “For many people, the best time to exercise will depend on their chronotype,” says Heisz, author of Move the Body, Heal the Mind. “Chronotype is your body’s natural habit to sleep at a certain time—it’s what decides whether you’re a night owl or an early bird. For the 25% of the population that considers themselves a night owl, getting both enough sleep and enough exercise can be difficult,” adds Heisz. He continues, “Sleep—which provides your body the necessary time to recover(恢复) and make gains from exercise—should always be the first choice. When it comes to exercise, regardless of research on the advantages of certain exercises at particular times of the day, your results will not be good if it doesn’t allow enough time for sleep.” 1. What can women get by doing evening exercise according to the study? A. A fat loss. B. A good mood. C. A lower blood pressure. D. A smaller risk of heart disease. 2. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 5? A. Give an example. B. Tell the difference. C. Do an experiment. D. Explain a term. 3. What does Heisz think is important to achieve good results of exercise? A. Enough sleep. B. Low-fat food. C. Plenty of water. D. Lots of exercise. 4. What is the best title for the text? A. A Night Owl or An Early Bird B. Why Fitness Plan Being Important C. How to Change Your Exercise Time D. The Best Time of a Day to Exercise Passage 11 IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick(刺;扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what? Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off, blood-drawing cartridge(针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device (装置) that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data(数据) and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day. It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as Wellness FX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health. But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for health y people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may not offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.” Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think? Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future? Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals? 1. Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph? A. To explain a scene. B. To provide an example. C. To make a comparison. D. To introduce the topic. 2. What can we learn about the company Cor’s blood-testing system? A. It is painless and cheap to use. B. It has won popularity among people. C. It may give advice on our diet according to the health data. D. It offers accurate health information about our body 3. What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system? A. Negative. B. Unclear. C. Supportive. D. Objective. 4. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. Home blood testing: your health monitor! B. Home blood tests: yes or no? C. A new system of improving your health. D. Should blood tests be allowed at home? Passage 12 This is not a diet. It’s a simple way to lose weight. You don’t have to give up the food you love or join a gym. You just follow some habits thin people have. Keep them, and you’ll become thin. ◆Wake-up When you wake up in the morning, sit up slowly without using your hands. With legs straight out, lean forward(前俯) until you feel sore(酸痛的) in your back. It will use up 10 calories. ◆Start with soup Order a clear soup, and have it before the main food. In this way, you’ll feel fuller, so you’ll eat less when the main food comes. ◆An apple or more a day Apples are full of fiber(纤维) and water, so your stomach will want less. Studies show that people who eat at least three apples or pears a day may lose weight. ◆Talk it up Every time you use the cell phone, stand up and walk around. Heavy people sit on average two and a half hours more each day than thin people. This skill is very important as standing up and walking around will burn up 50 or more calories. Use these skills, and you will have a big weight loss. 1. The text is to encourage you to ______. A. go on a diet B. follow some habits of thin people C. join a gym D. give up your favorite foods 2. Which of the following ways is a good choice to become thin? A. Sit up quickly in the morning. B. Sit down when using a cell phone. C. Eat rice instead of apples. D. Have soup before the main food. 3. How many skills are there in the text for people to lose weight? A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. D. Four 4. The text is most likely to be read ______. A. on a map B. in a dictionary C. in a story-book D. in a magazine Passage 13 Fatima Bushin was losing her sight and was scared. She said what worried her most wasn’t the fear of a long, painful journey to blindness. She feared being unable to feed her family because blindness would keep her from working, as mothers do. The tragedy is that Bushin’s condition was preventable and, if caught in time, stoppable. She was among thousands of women in Tanzania who suffered from trachoma(沙眼), an infectious disease affecting largely poor communities in developing countries. Trachoma is one of neglected tropical diseases, or NTDs, so named because they receive less attention than other tropical diseases. All NTDs can be controlled or cured entirely with known public health approaches and interventions. Improved sanitation(环境卫生), medicines and medical procedures have produced truly remarkable results in preventing and controlling NTDs, including trachoma, in some of the world’s poorest communities. Preventing, controlling and curing these diseases puts out poverty’s fire at its base. We know it can be done. Through long-term efforts, several of these NTDs have been stamped out in some countries such as Laos. To wipe out extreme poverty around the world. many countries continue to invest in what is one of the most successful foreign assistance programs. For example, U.S. Agency for International Development programs to combat NTDs have reached nearly 300 million people affected by diseases that can spoil the patients’ appearance or weaken the patients physically. For Bushin, the story ends well. Through foreign assistance program, she was able to lave the surgery needed to treat trachoma and save her eyesight. The surgery is relatively simple, performed in an hour at an outpatient clinic, and costs less than $300. In return, Bushin avoided a lifelong disability that would have recondemned her family to poverty with little hope for escape. Jan. 30 marks the World NTD Day, a day that global public health experts say is needed to focus attention on the fight against tropical diseases. The success of the global fight against NTDs is good news for millions of people. It has been life-changing for a mother in Tanzania who continues to be able to provide for her family thanks to the constant efforts being made that kept her family out of poverty by saving her eyesight. 1. What was the greatest concern of Bushin? A. The possible loss of her eyesight. B. The slim chance of getting rid of poverty. C. The potential inability to support her family. D. The deliberate neglect of her by her parents. 2. What does the underlined part “stamped out” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Caught. B. Removed. C. Tracked. D. Analyzed. 3. In what tone does the author describe the treatment of NTDs? A. Critical. B. Regretful. C. Humorous. D. Positive. 4. What can we infer from the text? A. NTDs could be cured earlier than expected. B. Poverty and disease tend to be largely connected. C. Infectious diseases will be the biggest global issue. D. International cooperation is a must for treating a disease. Passage 14 Some earlier studies had found no clear color preference among mosquitoes. One study found they prefer blue, another that they prefer yellow-green. What should people make of such conflicting results? The apparent color of an object doesn’t just depend on the wavelengths of light it gives off, Claire Rusch explains, who studies mosquitoes for years. It also can be affected by the brightness of that light and its contrast against surrounding colors. Humans see an object’s color largely in terms of the wavelengths of light it gives off. But other creatures’ eyes may be more sensitive to contrast or brightness. “We needed to control all of those variables to really be sure a mosquito’s preferences came from the wavelength of the object,” Rusch says. To do this, she designed a test chamber(室) that was 450 mosquito-body-lengths long in her experiment. Lined with cameras, it recorded the insects’ flight patterns. Two small colored disks laid on the floor of the chamber. Since the researchers wanted to know if mosquitoes were attracted to certain colors, the disks couldn't be the darkest or brightest objects in the chamber. Otherwise, it would be unclear if the mosquitoes were attracted to the disks’ color, contrast or brightness. So, the researchers projected a chessboard pattern onto the floor of the chamber and gray along the walls. That way, if the mosquitoes went to the colored disks, it could only be due to the disks’ color. The researchers released about 50 starved mosquitoes into the chamber at a time. Because mosquitoes don't start hunting until they’ve sensed CO2, so the team sprayed(喷) CO2 inside the chamber. They found before CO2 was sprayed, the mosquitoes ignored all the colored disks. With CO2, mosquitoes ignored any disk that was green, blue or purple. But the insects did fly toward disks that were red, orange or light blue. They seemed to especially like red. To further investigate that, the team placed disks with different skin tones. But the mosquitoes didn't seem to prefer any particular skin colors. All were equally attractive. 1. What can be inferred about mosquitoes from the first two paragraphs? A. The wavelengths determine the color of an object. B. The background color affects mosquitoes’ eyesight. C. Mosquitoes’ eyes are not sensitive to color contrast. D. Testing their color preference is not so easy. 2. What might affect the result of the experiment? A. The length of the chamber. B. The number of mosquitoes. C. The brightness of the disks. D. The pattern of the chessboard. 3. Why is CO2 used in the experiment? A. To take clearer photos of mosquitoes. B. To stimulate mosquitoes to look for food. C. To slow down the speed of mosquitoes. D. To raise the temperature in the chamber. 4. What can be Rusch’s research finding? A. Cool colors can drive mosquitoes away. B. Skin colors are mosquitoes’ favorite. C. People in red may attract most mosquitoes. D. All colors are equally attractive to mosquitoes. Passage 15 To snack or not to snack? That is the question for doctors and for you, as you try to decide what to do about your hungry stomach when it’s nowhere close to mealtime. The short answer is: I have the snack. Can snacking help you drop a few pounds? Yes. A smart snack can prevent the kind of unhealthy over-eating that comes from extreme hunger. “Your body is always talking to you — you just have to listen,” said medicine specialist Robert Graham. “So if you’re starting to feel a bit hungry, don’t wait.” But you can’t grab any old snack. Chips and cookies boost your blood sugar quickly, which leads to the sugar crash. Instead, try nuts and fruits. Snacking is a way to add a variety of nutrients(营养) to your diet. Maya Feller, a registered dietitian nutritionist, says you can’t go wrong with a handful of mixed nuts, which can help your heart. Snacking on protein-rich foods helps to keep your muscle strong and staminal. The body can absorb only a limited amount of protein per meal, so distributing protein throughout the day via snacking can maximize protein intake. If you’ve ever been unhappy with someone when you were hungry, you know that food can influence your mood. Snacking helps you avoid that position, resulting in fewer mood swings and better focus. Some studies have shown that healthy snacking may also improve memory and cognitive performance and help with mental health issues such as anxiety and depression. If you wait too long to eat between meals, your body thinks it’s starving and releases the stress hormone to remind you, which can produce negative moods. In addition to drinking water, snacking on fresh fruits can help your brain. There are different ways to go about(处理) this whole snacking things. Choose a healthy, filling option in an appropriate size, and the benefits don’t stop at weight loss and improved health; your general approach to life might be affected. When you snack mindfully, it’s easier to take a deep breath, focus on exactly what you’re eating at that moment, and enjoy the day around you too. 1. How does the author develop the second paragraph? A. By listing numbers. B. By using metaphor. C. By using parallel structures. D. By giving examples. 2. What is closest in meaning to “staminal” in paragraph 3 ? A. Extreme. B. Stressed. C. Material. D. Energetic. 3. What can be inferred from the passage? A. We should have the snack instead of main meals. B. Nuts and fruits may contribute to gaining weight. C. Good snack can help people lose weight and improve health. D. Snacking on cookies and chips can help with depression and anxiety. 4. In which column of a magazine can you most probably find this article? A. Fitness. B. Historical stories. C. Culture and customs. D. 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