(预习部分)专题03 Unit 3 Getting along with others （必修一） (知识全梳理&考点精准练)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题03 Unit 3 Getting along with others(必修一) (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 重点单词 1. awkward　adj. 局促不安的; 令人尴尬的; 难对付的; 笨拙的 2. sight n. 视野; 视力; 看见 3. behaviour  n. 行为; 举止; 态度 4. trick vt. /n. 欺骗; 欺诈; 诡计; 花招; 戏法 5. misunderstand v. 误解; 误会 6. contact  vt. /n. 联系; 联络 7. generous adj. 宽宏大量的; 仁慈的; 慷慨的 8. seek v. 试图; 寻找; 争取; 寻求 9. moment n. 时光, 时机; 瞬间; 某个时刻 10. well-meaning adj. 出于好心的, 善意的 11. company n. 陪伴, 作伴; 公司 12. escape v. /n. 逃脱, 躲避; 逃跑 13. origin n. 起源; 源头; 起因→ original adj. 起初的; 独创的; 原作的 14. recover　v. 恢复健康; 恢复常态→ recovery n. 恢复 15. respond　　 v. 回应, 回答; 作出反应, 响应→ response n. 响应 16. apology n. 道歉→ apologize vi. 道歉, 谢罪 17. ignore vt. 忽视, 对……不予理会→ ignorant adj. 无知的 18. reflect  v. 反映 → reflection n. 沉思; 反射; 映像; 反映 19. benefit v. &n. 使受益; 益处; 优势→ beneficial adj. 有益的 20. comfort vt. /n. 宽慰, 抚慰; 舒服; 安慰→ comfortable adj. 舒服的 21. recognizevt. 承认, 意识到; 认出, 辨别出→ recognition n. 识别; 承认 22. crowd n. /v. 一伙人, 一帮人; 人群; 使拥挤; 挤满; 聚集; 挤, 涌→ crowded adj. 拥挤的 23. admire vt. 欣赏; 钦佩→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 重点短语 1. on the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线 3. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. at a loss 不知所措，困惑 5. in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 6. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on 依赖，依靠，指望 9. eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏 10. come between…and… 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 11. in person亲自，亲身 12. through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 13. in one's opinion 在某人看来 14. get over 克服；恢复常态 15. bring out 使显现，使表现出 16. smooth out 消除(问题)，克服(困难) 17. be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事 18. take on 呈现，具有 19. in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 重点句型 1. whether. . . or. . . Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.  无论是走路去学校, 做作业, 还是周末出去玩, 我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。 2. see sb. doing A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.  一个同学告诉我, 她看到我的朋友在星期六下午和另一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。 3. so. . . that. . . I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.  我很生气, 所以我在学校一整天都躲着她, 而且我仍然不想回复她的任何网上信息。 4. It’s time to do sth. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your relationship. 然而, 如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦, 那就要重新考虑你们的关系了。  5. find + it + adj. to do sth. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. 我们经常发现认识到别人的弱点比认识到自己的弱点更容易。 单元语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 一.定语从句概述 定 语 从 句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关 系 词 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 本单元主要学习关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose引导的限制性定语从句 【名师点津】关系词的3个作用 关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。 二.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 一、定语从句的定义 1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who的用法 示例： The person who tricked me was one of my classmates. 骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。 He is the man who I respect very much. 他就是我非常尊重的那个人。 归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2. whom的用法 示例： Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 杰克是你应该关心的人。 The old man to whom a medal is awarded is very inspiring. 这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。 归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who 代替，也可省略。 3. which的用法 示例： The plane is a machine which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。 The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school. 她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4. that的用法 示例： The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year. 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。 The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。 He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago. 他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。 归纳：that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。 5. whose的用法 示例： He lives in the room whose window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 归纳：whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 [温馨提示] whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。 2. 当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 You are the very person that we are looking for. 你就是我们要找的人。 3. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 4. 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 5. 当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复，只能用that。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 正在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ [疑难点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted to enter the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。 [温馨提示] (1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 (2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it) 这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期中)Shanghai is the largest business center in China, and its modern cityscape is ________ sight to behold. 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期中)We all miss you very much and wish you a quick ________(recover). 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东中山·阶段练习)Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all the situations ________ appear in the working world. 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏·阶段练习)The first thing ________ drew our attention was the music of the movie. 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中)They haves relationship that is ________(benefit) to both of them. 6.(2024-2025学年高一上·四川遂宁·阶段练习)Beautiful and neat handwriting is ________(benefit), especially for middle school students. 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·重庆·期中)Nearly all students of that university expressed their ________(admire) for the rich knowledge and great wisdom the scholar showed in the lecture. 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·福建厦门·期中)She looked at the famous singer on the stage with great ________(admire). 9.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中)Ed couldn’t make ________ to the press conference in time, so they sent me instead. 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林长春·阶段练习)You’d better get ________(absorb) in study and spend less time in playing computer games. 考点1：sight n. 视野；视力；看见 out of (one’s) sight 脱离(某人的)视线 lose sight of 看不见 catch sight of 看见 come into sight 进入视野 at first sight 乍一看；初次见到 at the sight of... 一看见…… I was frightened at the sight ________ the test paper. 考点2：judge vt. & vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员 [judg(e)ment n. 判断力；意见，看法] •judge...by/from... 根据……判断…… as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging by/from... 从……来判断 •in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来 make a judg(e)ment on 对……作出评价 (2025学年高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)________(judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. 考点3：apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪 (apology n. 道歉) •apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉 •make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应向某人道歉 (2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted ________(apologize) to explain your awkwardness. 考点4：behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止，态度 [behave vi. 举止；(举止或行为)表现] •behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩 •well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的 His ________(behave)at the party last night seemed rather out of place, which surprised many of us. 考点5：case n. 具体情况，事例；案件；容器 in any case无论如何，不管怎样 in that/this case在那种/这种情况下 in case (of) 万一，以防 in no case决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 I know it isn’t easy but ________ any case, we will get over the difficulties. 考点6：suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 vt. 遭受，蒙受 [suffering n. 痛苦；苦难(常用复数) sufferer n. 患病者；受难者] •suffer from遭受；忍受；患……病 •suffer后常跟pain/stress/losses/hardship/defeat等名词作宾语。 Some may struggle and suffer ________ culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 考点7：contact vt. & n. 联系，联络 •contact sb at... 通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系 •get into/make contact with 和……取得联系 stay/keep in contact with 与……保持联系 be out of/lose contact with 与……失去联系 In what way do people benefit from their contact nature? 考点8：respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；重视；方面，细节 (respectable adj. 可敬的，体面的 respectful adj. 恭敬的；表示敬意的 respective adj. 分别的，各自的) •respect sb for sth 因某事而尊敬某人 •have/show respect for sb 尊敬某人 give/send one’s respects to...代某人向……问候 in many/all respects在许多方面/在各个方面 in respect of＝with respect to至于，关于；就……而言 1. Her hard work earned her ________ respect of all her colleagues. 2. I have to prove myself as a ________(respect), balanced person. 考点9：measure vt. 估量，判定；测量 n. 措施；衡量 •measure...by...用……衡量…… be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量 •take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 make...to one’s measure根据某人的尺寸做…… in full measure最大限度地 1.(2025学年高一下·北京·阶段练习)We should take ________(measure) to protect endangered animals. 2.(2025学年高一下·甘肃兰州·阶段练习)There are various aspects that go into making a successful school, and success can ________(measure) in many ways. 考点10：escape vi. & vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃离，逃脱 •escape from从……逃脱/逃跑 escape＋n./doing sth 逃避(做)某事 sth escape(s) sb 某物被某人遗忘 •a narrow escape 九死一生 Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape ________ the rising flood waters. 考点11：benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 (beneficial adj.有益的) •be of benefit to...对……有益的 for the benefit of...为了……的利益 •benefit from...从……中受益 benefit sb 使某人获益 •be beneficial to...对……有益 1.(2025学年高一下·福建莆田·阶段练习)Researchers might try to grow ________(benefit) bacteria on the skin of the frogs. 2.(2025学年高一下·重庆·期中)The local communities ________(benefit) from tourism development in the past few years. 考点12：get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 get across被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 get away (from) (从……)脱离；逃脱(……) get along/on with与……相处 get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做某事 get through完成；接通电话；通过 I should also encourage him to take action ________(get) over these difficulties. 考点13：take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用 take off 起飞；脱下；(突然)开始成功 take over 接收，接管，取代 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 take up 从事；占据；继续 After many years of hard work, his business began to take ________ when he was in his forties. 考点14：whether...or... 教材原句Whether we’re walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.不论是去上学、做作业，还是周末出去玩儿，我们俩几乎形影不离。(P30) •whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，在此处引导让步状语从句。 •whether还可以引导名词性从句，意为“是否”。 whether常和or not连用，构成whether...or not结构，意为“是否……”。 不管父母同不同意，他不得不放弃这个计划。(whether… or…) ________________________________, he has to give up the plan. 考点15：it 作形式宾语 教材原句We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. 我们经常发现认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。(P39) •句中it作find 的形式宾语，不定式短语 to recognize other people’s weaknesses作真正的宾语，形容词easier作宾补。 •句型的基本结构：主语＋谓语＋it 作形式宾语＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。 •常用于以上结构的动词有make，feel，think，find，consider等。 •宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。 1.(2025学年高一下·广东广州·期中)尽管考试至关重要，林巧稚认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任。(it作形式宾语) ________________________, Lin Qiaozhi ________________________. 2.(2025学年高一下·广东广州·期中)尽管受到了老师的鼓励，他还是发现很难改变自己。(分词作状语/it作形式宾语) Although ________________, he still ________________ to change himself. 3. 我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在此吸烟。(it作形式宾语) I have ________________ nobody is allowed to smoke here. 知识导图记忆 一、单句语法填空 1. There were over 1,000 injuries and ________(die) in the flood. 2. It ________(recognize) that the Silk Road is a bridge of cultures between China and many other countries. 3. As we live in social groups, there are many ________(benefit) of friendship that we can enjoy. 4. Anxious parents do what they can ________(comfort) nervous and crying children. 5. The proposal David came up with was quite creative and ________(origin). 6. I am particularly eager ________(chat) with him online this Sunday. 7. According to the history document, the ________(origin) castle was probably built about AD 860. 8. I know it isn’t easy but ________ any case, we will get over the difficulties. 9. I should ________(apology) for failing to keep my promise. 10. If you climb to the mountain peak at dawn, you’ll ________(definite) be amazed by the golden sunlight slowly illuminating the entire valley below. 11. He was so ________(generosity) that he donated a lot of money to the flooded area. 12. Since you have lost that precious opportunity, there is a possibility that the company will suffer a great ________(lose) this month.   13. David behaves well at school. His good ________(behave) delights not only his parents but also his teachers greatly. 14. The professor emphasized that practicing speaking English every day will ________(definite) improve your fluency and help you communicate more effectively in real-life situations. 15. When you work out regularly, you are less likely ________(suffer) painful physical condition. 16. ________(judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. 17. We ________(trick) into buying a poor car, which made me very upset. 18. My enthusiastic suggestion ________(ignore) by the manager yesterday. 19. John was travelling by ship to Europe when a ________(horror) storm came. 20. Just as I was ________ a loss, I was informed that my schoolbag was at the school’s Lost and Found. 21. In the childhood, Tom was often reminded to mind his ________(behave). 22. A ________ generosity) person gives more of something, especially money. 二、完形填空 There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich(油腻的) food too, 2 to stay slim. Now the 3 by Cornell University suggests 4 lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 5 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 6 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating 7 an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a 8 time at the table, while Americans think eating is 9 to be squeezed in between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 10 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 11 foods for the week. The French tend to shop daily 12 , walking to small shops or farmers’ markets where they have a 13 of fresh fruits, vegetables, eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle 14 may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6 percent. However, as American fast food gains 15 and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17 percent and is still growing. 1. A. present B. natural C. strange D. modern 2. A. continue B. move C. try D. expand 3. A. research B. novel C. book D. newspaper 4. A. where B. why C. how D. when 5. A. sensitive B. sad C. happy D. full 6. A. pockets B. refrigerators C. houses D. plates 7. A. into B. as C. inside D. to 8. A. fairly long B. fairly short C. very exciting D. rather fast 9. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 10. A. get B. bring C. lose D. receive 11. A. hot B. cool C. warm D. frozen 12. A. therefore B. instead C. however D. merely 13. A. choice B. message C. taste D. number 14. A. examples B. traditions C. changes D. stories 15. A. failure B. success C. acceptance D. rejection 三、阅读理解 I can well remember the pain. My stomach was sick, my heart hurt, and my eyes stung from holding back tears. “You know, Annie,” my friend John said, “Joanna and Andrea were just talking about you.” I immediately got nervous. “They said that the only reason you start on the basketball team is that the coach likes you, not that you're good.” I thought I might be sick. “They said they're tired of you always getting what you want.” I struggled to keep myself from crying, sinking to my knees on the cold floor. After John told me everything my supposed best friends said about me, I was hurt. Joanna and Andrea came in from lunch break acting as if nothing had happened. Joanna was still my deskmate, and Andrea was still my partner for our history project. I was amazed at their ability to pretend we had perfect friendship, especially since they'd said such hurtful things. I was a freshman in high school, and I felt like I didn't have a friend in the world, all because of gossip. The tongue can be our worst enemy. Gossip harms confidence and separate close friends. It's like a sharp knife, cutting one's self-respect into pieces. When we say unkind things about others, we're sticking knives into their hearts. So how was I to act next? When Joanna and Andrea pretended our friendship hadn't changed, I thought of attacking them back. But instead, I told them directly that they had hurt me. Joanna started crying and Andrea was speechless. I knew they were both sorry for what they had said. They apologized, and I forgave them. Sure, things were a little uncomfortable at first, but soon enough everything was back to the way it had been before. I still deal with gossip, sometimes as a receiver and sometimes as a sharer. But the more I learn about love, the more I realize the importance of encouraging others—something gossip never does. 1. What can we conclude from the second paragraph? A. Joanna and Andrea were grateful that the writer was their friend. B. Joanna and Andrea did not think the writer was the coach's favourite. C. Joanna and Andrea were unhappy about the writer being on the team. D. Joanna and Andrea made fun of the writer's basketball performances. 2. How did the writer deal with her friends' comments about her? A. She decided to fight back immediately. B. She pretended that nothing had happened. C. She found it uncomfortable to speak to them. D. She told them how she felt about their words. 3. What's the writer's reaction to gossip? A. Unconcerned. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 4. What can we infer according to the passage? A. Gossip is like a knife that stabs into one's heart. B. We couldn't live in a world without gossip, but love can be a helper. C. We have to be patient when we hear gossip about our friends. D. We should be careful around our friends since they may cheat us. 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。   (2025高一上·广东广州·开学考试)In every culture around the world, friendship has been considered as the greatest thing a person can have. Everyone needs a close friendship 1 can give us support for both the good and the bad times in life. Friends keep us from feeling lonely, provide us 2 a sense of being safe and help whenever things may not end up 3 (go) the way we want it to. 4 (luckily), sometimes friendship can be a source of pain as well as joy. Like any relationship, friendship can make us feel sad if the trust at the foundation of the relationship 5 (break) by either of the friends. For example, if you have ever told a close friend your secret, but he has that secret known by others, you might have 6 first feeling of losing trust in a friendship. When experiencing the 7 (sad) or loneliness of losing a friendship, you can get out and be active, which helps you keep your mind off the lost friendship, or you can pay much attention to 8 (you). If you pay attention to doing things you enjoy, you will have less time to think of your lost friendship. Always remember a strong friendship 9 (require) honesty and trust. Even if you are hurt by your friends, it is wise of you 10 (forget) it and start your new life again. 五、应用文写作 你校英文报刊征稿，题目为 “My Good Friend”，请你向该英文报刊投稿，介绍你的好朋友。 内容包括： 1.该朋友的基本信息； 2.他她. 对你的影响及具体事例； 3. 朋友的言行对我的启示。 注意：1. 词数110词左右；2. 文中不得透露自己的真实姓名及就读学校的名字。 My Good Friend ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题03 Unit 3 Getting along with others(必修一) (知识全梳理&考点精准练) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：7大核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 重点单词 1. awkward　adj. 局促不安的; 令人尴尬的; 难对付的; 笨拙的 2. sight n. 视野; 视力; 看见 3. behaviour  n. 行为; 举止; 态度 4. trick vt. /n. 欺骗; 欺诈; 诡计; 花招; 戏法 5. misunderstand v. 误解; 误会 6. contact  vt. /n. 联系; 联络 7. generous adj. 宽宏大量的; 仁慈的; 慷慨的 8. seek v. 试图; 寻找; 争取; 寻求 9. moment n. 时光, 时机; 瞬间; 某个时刻 10. well-meaning adj. 出于好心的, 善意的 11. company n. 陪伴, 作伴; 公司 12. escape v. /n. 逃脱, 躲避; 逃跑 13. origin n. 起源; 源头; 起因→ original adj. 起初的; 独创的; 原作的 14. recover　v. 恢复健康; 恢复常态→ recovery n. 恢复 15. respond　　 v. 回应, 回答; 作出反应, 响应→ response n. 响应 16. apology n. 道歉→ apologize vi. 道歉, 谢罪 17. ignore vt. 忽视, 对……不予理会→ ignorant adj. 无知的 18. reflect  v. 反映 → reflection n. 沉思; 反射; 映像; 反映 19. benefit v. &n. 使受益; 益处; 优势→ beneficial adj. 有益的 20. comfort vt. /n. 宽慰, 抚慰; 舒服; 安慰→ comfortable adj. 舒服的 21. recognizevt. 承认, 意识到; 认出, 辨别出→ recognition n. 识别; 承认 22. crowd n. /v. 一伙人, 一帮人; 人群; 使拥挤; 挤满; 聚集; 挤, 涌→ crowded adj. 拥挤的 23. admire vt. 欣赏; 钦佩→admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 重点短语 1. on the rocks (关系)陷于困境，濒临崩溃 2. out of one's sight 脱离某人的视线 3. make it 能够出席；准时到达；获得成功 4. at a loss 不知所措，困惑 5. in the wrong 有错，应承担责任 6. in any case 无论如何，不管怎样 7. let go of 放弃，摒弃；松手，放开 8. count on 依赖，依靠，指望 9. eat away at 腐蚀，侵蚀，逐渐破坏 10. come between…and… 损害……之间的关系，离间；妨碍 11. in person亲自，亲身 12. through thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，同甘共苦 13. in one's opinion 在某人看来 14. get over 克服；恢复常态 15. bring out 使显现，使表现出 16. smooth out 消除(问题)，克服(困难) 17. be meant to do sth 注定要做某事，应做某事 18. take on 呈现，具有 19. in full measure 最大程度地，最大限度地 重点句型 1. whether. . . or. . . Whether we’re walking to school, doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend, we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.  无论是走路去学校, 做作业, 还是周末出去玩, 我们几乎都不会离开彼此的视线。 2. see sb. doing A classmate told me she had seen my friend chatting with another girl in a café on Saturday afternoon.  一个同学告诉我, 她看到我的朋友在星期六下午和另一个女孩在咖啡馆聊天。 3. so. . . that. . . I was so angry that I avoided her during school all day, and I still don’t feel like responding to any of her online messages.  我很生气, 所以我在学校一整天都躲着她, 而且我仍然不想回复她的任何网上信息。 4. It’s time to do sth. However, if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer, it’s time to rethink your relationship. 然而, 如果你的朋友忽视你的感受或者让你痛苦, 那就要重新考虑你们的关系了。  5. find + it + adj. to do sth. We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. 我们经常发现认识到别人的弱点比认识到自己的弱点更容易。 单元语法 由关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 一.定语从句概述 定 语 从 句 定义 在主从复合句中, 对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰、限制作用的从句 关 系 词 关系代词 who; whom; whose; which; that 关系副词 when; where; why 可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 本单元主要学习关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose引导的限制性定语从句 【名师点津】关系词的3个作用 关系词通常有下列三个作用: (1)引导定语从句; (2)代替先行词; (3)在定语从句中充当一个成分。 二.关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代 (即先行词) 在定语从句中所作的句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人/物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人/物 定语 一、定语从句的定义 1. 在主从复合句中，对某一名词、代词或名词短语起修饰作用的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词、代词或名词短语叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 2. 关系词分为关系代词(that，which，who，whom，whose等)和关系副词(when，where，why等)两类。 二、关系代词的基本用法 1. who的用法 示例： The person who tricked me was one of my classmates. 骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。 He is the man who I respect very much. 他就是我非常尊重的那个人。 归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2. whom的用法 示例： Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about. 杰克是你应该关心的人。 The old man to whom a medal is awarded is very inspiring. 这位被授予奖章的老人非常鼓舞人心。 归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用who 代替，也可省略。 3. which的用法 示例： The plane is a machine which can fly. 飞机是一种会飞的机器。 The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school. 她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4. that的用法 示例： The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year. 每年来参观这个城市的人数达到了一百万。 The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race. 特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。 He doesn’t seem to be the man that he was ten years ago. 他看起来已经不是十年前的样子了。 归纳：that既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。 5. whose的用法 示例： He lives in the room whose window faces south. 他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. 这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。 归纳：whose既可指人又可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 [温馨提示] whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 三、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况 1. 当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做了。 2. 当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 You are the very person that we are looking for. 你就是我们要找的人。 3. 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 4. 当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 5. 当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复，只能用that。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 正在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ [疑难点津]关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted to enter the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。 [温馨提示] (1)“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French. 他是我们班里唯一学过法语的男孩。 (2)为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it) 这就是我们上星期天参观的那家工厂。 1.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期中)Shanghai is the largest business center in China, and its modern cityscape is ________ sight to behold. 【答案】a 【思路点拨】考查冠词。句意：上海是中国最大的商业中心，其现代化的城市景观是一种值得一看的景象。此处泛指“一种值得一看的景象”，且sight以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏无锡·期中)We all miss you very much and wish you a quick ________(recover). 【答案】recovery 【思路点拨】考查名词。句意：我们都非常想念你，祝你早日康复。前面的a表明需要用名词的单数形式作宾语，recover的名词形式是recovery“恢复，康复”，故填recovery。 3.(2024-2025学年高一上·广东中山·阶段练习)Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can’t be the only preparation for all the situations ________ appear in the working world. 【答案】that 【思路点拨】考查定语从句。句意：已经找到工作的年轻人可能会意识到，大学课程不能为工作中出现的所有情况都做好准备。空格处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词situations，且在从句中作主语，先行词被all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故填that。 4.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏·阶段练习)The first thing ________ drew our attention was the music of the movie. 【答案】that 【思路点拨】考查定语从句。句意：首先引起我们注意的是电影的音乐。空格处引导定语从句对先行词thing进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，且先行词前有序数词first修饰，所以，此处只能用关系代词that在从句中作主语。故填that。 5.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中)They haves relationship that is ________(benefit) to both of them. 【答案】beneficial 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：他们的关系对双方都有利。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作表语，beneficial，表“有益的”，为形容词，符合句意。故填beneficial。 6.(2024-2025学年高一上·四川遂宁·阶段练习)Beautiful and neat handwriting is ________(benefit), especially for middle school students. 【答案】beneficial 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：漂亮整洁的书法是有益的，特别是对中学生。空处作表语，需用形容词beneficial。故填beneficial。 7.(2024-2025学年高一上·重庆·期中)Nearly all students of that university expressed their ________(admire) for the rich knowledge and great wisdom the scholar showed in the lecture. 【答案】admiration 【思路点拨】考查名词。句意：那所大学的几乎所有学生都对这位学者在讲座中表现出的丰富知识和伟大智慧表示钦佩。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作宾语，admiration，表“钦佩”，为不可数名词，符合句意。故填admiration。 8.(2024-2025学年高一上·福建厦门·期中)She looked at the famous singer on the stage with great ________(admire). 【答案】admiration 【思路点拨】考查名词。句意：她非常钦佩地看着舞台上的那位著名歌手。此处为名词作宾语，admire的名词为admiration意为“羡慕，钦佩”，为不可数名词。故填admiration。 9.(2024-2025学年高一上·江苏扬州·期中)Ed couldn’t make ________ to the press conference in time, so they sent me instead. 【答案】it 【思路点拨】考查固定搭配。句意：艾德没能及时参加新闻发布会，所以他们派我去了。make it to为固定搭配，意为“及时赶上”。故填it。 10.(2024-2025学年高一上·吉林长春·阶段练习)You’d better get ________(absorb) in study and spend less time in playing computer games. 【答案】absorbed 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：你最好专心学习，少花时间玩电脑游戏。固定短语be absorbed in (全神贯注于)，get相当于be动词，形容词absorbed (全神贯注/专心致志的)作表语。故填absorbed。 考点1：sight n. 视野；视力；看见 out of (one’s) sight 脱离(某人的)视线 lose sight of 看不见 catch sight of 看见 come into sight 进入视野 at first sight 乍一看；初次见到 at the sight of... 一看见…… I was frightened at the sight ________ the test paper. 【答案】of 【思路点拨】考查介词。句意：我一看到试卷就吓了一跳。此处考查固定短语at the sight of“一看到……”。故填of。 考点2：judge vt. & vi. 评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n. 法官；裁判员 [judg(e)ment n. 判断力；意见，看法] •judge...by/from... 根据……判断…… as far as I can judge 据我判断 judging by/from... 从……来判断 •in one’s judg(e)ment 在某人看来 make a judg(e)ment on 对……作出评价 (2025学年高一上·黑龙江哈尔滨·期末)________(judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. 【答案】Judging 【思路点拨】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他的表情判断，我能看出他对结果很满意。设空处在句子中做状语，judging from/by 由……判断，用作独立结构，即不用考虑与逻辑主语关系的一致性，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Judging。 考点3：apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪 (apology n. 道歉) •apologize to sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事向某人道歉 •make an apology to sb for sth 因为某事向某人道歉 owe sb an apology＝owe an apology to sb 应向某人道歉 (2025学年高一上·江苏南通·期中)In this instance, the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted ________(apologize) to explain your awkwardness. 【答案】apology 【思路点拨】考查名词。句意：在这种情况下，最好的解决办法是发送一个快速的、轻松的道歉来解释你的尴尬。apologize是个动词，意思是“道歉”。横线前有形容词light-hearted，说明横线应该填名词作宾语，由a可知，应用单数。故答案是apology。 考点4：behavio(u)r n. 行为，举止，态度 [behave vi. 举止；(举止或行为)表现] •behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差 behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩 •well-behaved/badly-behaved adj.表现好/差的 His ________(behave)at the party last night seemed rather out of place, which surprised many of us. 【答案】behaviour 考点5：case n. 具体情况，事例；案件；容器 in any case无论如何，不管怎样 in that/this case在那种/这种情况下 in case (of) 万一，以防 in no case决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装) as is often the case这是常有的事 I know it isn’t easy but ________ any case, we will get over the difficulties. 【答案】in 【思路点拨】考查介词。句意：我知道这不容易，但无论如何，我们会克服困难的。in any case“无论如何，不管怎样”，固定短语，故填in。 考点6：suffer vi. 受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受 [suffering n. 痛苦；苦难(常用复数) sufferer n. 患病者；受难者] •suffer from遭受；忍受；患……病 •suffer后常跟pain/stress/losses/hardship/defeat等名词作宾语。 Some may struggle and suffer ________ culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 【答案】from 【思路点拨】考查介词。句意：一些人在学习如何在新环境中表现时，可能会挣扎并遭受文化冲击。suffer from是固定短语，意为“遭受；患……病；受……之苦”，句中描述人们在新环境中面临文化冲击的情况，符合语境。故填from。 考点7：contact vt. & n. 联系，联络 •contact sb at... 通过(邮箱、电话等)与某人联系 •get into/make contact with 和……取得联系 stay/keep in contact with 与……保持联系 be out of/lose contact with 与……失去联系 In what way do people benefit from their contact nature? 【答案】with 【思路点拨】考查介词。句意：人们从与自然的接触中获得了哪些益处？contact with为固定搭配，意为“与……接触”。故填with。 考点8：respect vt. 尊重，尊敬 n. 尊敬，敬意；重视；方面，细节 (respectable adj. 可敬的，体面的 respectful adj. 恭敬的；表示敬意的 respective adj. 分别的，各自的) •respect sb for sth 因某事而尊敬某人 •have/show respect for sb 尊敬某人 give/send one’s respects to...代某人向……问候 in many/all respects在许多方面/在各个方面 in respect of＝with respect to至于，关于；就……而言 1. Her hard work earned her ________ respect of all her colleagues. 【答案】the 【思路点拨】考查冠词。句意：她的努力工作赢得了她所有同事的尊重。根据作后置定语的介词短语“of all her colleagues”可知，表示“所有同事的尊重”，特指，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。 2. I have to prove myself as a ________(respect), balanced person. 【答案】respectful 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：我必须证明自己是一个有礼貌、平衡的人。空处与形容词balanced并列，应用形容词respectful，作定语修饰名词person，表示“有礼貌的，尊重人的”，符合题意。故填respectful。 考点9：measure vt. 估量，判定；测量 n. 措施；衡量 •measure...by...用……衡量…… be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量 •take measures to do sth 采取措施做某事 make...to one’s measure根据某人的尺寸做…… in full measure最大限度地 1.(2025学年高一下·北京·阶段练习)We should take ________(measure) to protect endangered animals. 【答案】measures 【思路点拨】考查名词复数。句意：我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。measure是可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。 2.(2025学年高一下·甘肃兰州·阶段练习)There are various aspects that go into making a successful school, and success can ________(measure) in many ways. 【答案】be measured 【思路点拨】考查语态。句意：成功的学校有很多方面，成功可以用很多方式来衡量。空格前有情态动词can，需接动词原形形式。主语success和谓语动词measure是被动关系，需用被动语态，构成情态动词的被动语态结构：can be done，因此填be measured。故填be measured。 考点10：escape vi. & vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃离，逃脱 •escape from从……逃脱/逃跑 escape＋n./doing sth 逃避(做)某事 sth escape(s) sb 某物被某人遗忘 •a narrow escape 九死一生 Only with the greatest of luck did she manage to escape ________ the rising flood waters. 【答案】from 【思路点拨】考查介词。句意：她非常幸运地从不断上涨的洪水中逃了出来。固定短语escape from意思为：从……中逃离，空处缺少介词from。故填from。 考点11：benefit n. 优势，益处，成效 vt. 使受益 vi. 得益于 (beneficial adj. 有益的) •be of benefit to...对……有益的 for the benefit of...为了……的利益 •benefit from...从……中受益 benefit sb 使某人获益 •be beneficial to...对……有益 1.(2025学年高一下·福建莆田·阶段练习)Researchers might try to grow ________(benefit) bacteria on the skin of the frogs. 【答案】beneficial 【思路点拨】考查形容词。句意：研究人员可能会尝试在青蛙的皮肤上培养有益的细菌。修饰名词bacteria用形容词beneficial，故填beneficial。 2.(2025学年高一下·重庆·期中)The local communities ________(benefit) from tourism development in the past few years. 【答案】have benefited 【思路点拨】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：过去几年，当地社区从旅游业的发展中受益。由in the past few years可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语The local communities是复数，因此空格处是have benefited。故填have benefited。 考点12：get over 克服(困难)；从……中恢复过来 get across被传达，被理解，把……讲清楚 get away (from) (从……)脱离；逃脱(……) get along/on with与……相处 get down to (doing) sth 开始认真做某事 get through完成；接通电话；通过 I should also encourage him to take action ________(get) over these difficulties. 【答案】to get 【思路点拨】考查固定短语。句意：我也应该鼓励他采取行动克服这些困难。take action to do sth是固定短语，表示“采取行动做某事”。故填 to get. 考点13：take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用 take off 起飞；脱下；(突然)开始成功 take over 接收，接管，取代 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗 take up 从事；占据；继续 After many years of hard work, his business began to take ________ when he was in his forties. 【答案】off 【思路点拨】考查副词。句意：经过多年的努力，在他四十多岁的时候，他的生意开始蒸蒸日上。动词短语take off表示“(产品、事业等)腾飞、突然成功”，符合句意。故填off。 考点14：whether...or... 教材原句Whether we’re walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.不论是去上学、做作业，还是周末出去玩儿，我们俩几乎形影不离。(P30) •whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，在此处引导让步状语从句。 •whether还可以引导名词性从句，意为“是否”。 whether常和or not连用，构成whether...or not结构，意为“是否……”。 不管父母同不同意，他不得不放弃这个计划。(whether… or…) ________________________________, he has to give up the plan. 【答案】Whether or not his parents agree 【思路点拨】考查让步状语从句和时态。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“不管父母同不同意”，whether… or…是一个固定结构，意为“不管……还是……；无论……与否”，可以用来引导让步状语从句。whether后面可以直接跟or not。“他的父母”的英文表达为his parents，作主语；“同意”可用动词agree，在从句中作谓语动词，根据“he has to give up the plan”可知，句子陈述一般事实，用一般现在时态，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether or not his parents agree。 考点15：it 作形式宾语 教材原句We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own. 我们经常发现认清别人的缺点远比认清我们自身的缺点要容易。(P39) •句中it作find 的形式宾语，不定式短语 to recognize other people’s weaknesses作真正的宾语，形容词easier作宾补。 •句型的基本结构：主语＋谓语＋it 作形式宾语＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。 •常用于以上结构的动词有make，feel，think，find，consider等。 •宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。 1.(2025学年高一下·广东广州·期中)尽管考试至关重要，林巧稚认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任。(it作形式宾语) ________________________, Lin Qiaozhi ________________________. 【答案】Although the exam was of great importance; considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others 【思路点拨】考查状语从句和 it 作形式宾语。根据句意，该句讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以整句使用一般过去时，第一空表示“尽管考试至关重要”可以为although引导的让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写；“考试”为the exam作主语，“至关重要”可用be of great importance，谓语动词为be动词，主语为第三人称单数，所以第一空为Although the exam was of great importance；第二空表示“认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任” ，“认为”用 consider，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词为considered，“暂停考试”to suspend the exam，“道德责任”为 moral responsibility作宾补，根据提提示，该句使用 it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语to suspend the exam to help others，结构为“consider it +名词+to do sth.”，所以第二空为considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others。故填①Although the exam was of great importance②considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others。 2.(2025学年高一下·广东广州·期中)尽管受到了老师的鼓励，他还是发现很难改变自己。(分词作状语/it作形式宾语) Although ________________, he still ________________ to change himself. 【答案】encouraged by the teacher; found it difficult 【思路点拨】考查过去分词作状语以及形式宾语。按照题目要求，第一空使用分词充当状语。“鼓励”是encourage，和逻辑主语he是被动关系，应用过去分词形式：encouraged，由by引出施动者the teacher；第二空表示“发现……很难”可用find it difficult...。整个句子都应该使用一般过去时。故答案是①encouraged by the teacher②found it difficult。 3. 我已经讲得很清楚了，任何人都不准在此吸烟。(it作形式宾语) I have ________________ nobody is allowed to smoke here. 【答案】made it clear that 【思路点拨】考查it作形式宾语，形容词和宾语从句。“讲得清楚”用“make it clear”，根据空前have和句意可知本句应用现在完成时，所以make用过去分词形式made，it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分也不缺少意思，用that连接，故填made it clear that。 知识导图记忆 一、单句语法填空 1. There were over 1,000 injuries and ________(die) in the flood. 【答案】deaths 【详解】考查名词。句意：在这次洪灾中，有超过1000人受伤和死亡。injuries是名词复数形式，与之并列的die也要变为名词复数形式，death是名词，复数形式为deaths，表示“死亡人数”。故填deaths。 2. It ________(recognize) that the Silk Road is a bridge of cultures between China and many other countries. 【答案】is recognized 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：人们认为丝绸之路是中国与许多其他国家之间的文化桥梁。句型It is recognized that...表示“人们认为……”。故填is recognized。 3. As we live in social groups, there are many ________(benefit) of friendship that we can enjoy. 【答案】benefits 【详解】考查名词。句意：由于我们生活在社会群体中，所以我们可以享受到友谊的许多好处。可数名词benefit作主语，意为“好处”，前面有many修饰，用复数形式。故填benefits。 4. Anxious parents do what they can ________(comfort) nervous and crying children. 【答案】to comfort 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：焦虑的父母尽其所能安慰紧张哭泣的孩子。空处需要动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了安慰紧张哭泣的孩子”。故填to comfort。 5. The proposal David came up with was quite creative and ________(origin). 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：大卫提出的建议很有创意，很有独创性。句中用形容词作表语。origin的形容词形式为original，表示“有独创性的”。故填original。 6. I am particularly eager ________(chat) with him online this Sunday. 【答案】to chat 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个星期天我特别渴望和他在网上聊天。be eager to do“渴望做某事”是固定搭配。故填to chat。 7. According to the history document, the ________(origin) castle was probably built about AD 860. 【答案】original 【详解】考查形容词。句意：根据历史文献记载，最初的城堡很可能建于公元860年左右。修饰名词castle，需用形容词original，作定语。故填original。 8. I know it isn’t easy but ________ any case, we will get over the difficulties. 【答案】in 【详解】考查介词。句意：我知道这不容易，但无论如何，我们会克服困难的。in any case“无论如何，不管怎样”，固定短语，故填in。 9. I should ________(apology) for failing to keep my promise. 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】考查动词。句意：我应该为没有遵守诺言而道歉。should后接动词原形，apology的动词为apologize/apologise意为“道歉”。故填apologize/apologise。 10. If you climb to the mountain peak at dawn, you’ll ________(definite) be amazed by the golden sunlight slowly illuminating the entire valley below. 【答案】definitely 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果你在黎明时分爬上山顶，你一定会被金色的阳光慢慢照亮下面整个山谷的景象所震撼。修饰动词应用副词definitely，作状语。故填definitely。 11. He was so ________(generosity) that he donated a lot of money to the flooded area. 【答案】generous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他如此慷慨，向洪灾地区捐赠了大量钱财。此处作表语，应用形容词generous“慷慨的”。故填generous。 12. Since you have lost that precious opportunity, there is a possibility that the company will suffer a great ________(lose) this month.   【答案】loss 【详解】考查名词。句意：既然你已经失去了那个宝贵的机会，那么这个公司本月有可能遭受巨大的损失。提示词作宾语，用名词loss，意为“损失，亏损”，有不定冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填loss。 13. David behaves well at school. His good ________(behave) delights not only his parents but also his teachers greatly. 【答案】behaviour 【详解】考查名词。句意：大卫在学校表现很好。他的好行为不仅使他的父母很高兴，而且也使他的老师很高兴。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作主语，behave的名词形式为behaviour。故填behaviour。 14. The professor emphasized that practicing speaking English every day will ________(definite) improve your fluency and help you communicate more effectively in real-life situations. 【答案】definitely 【详解】考查副词。句意：这位教授强调，每天练习说英语肯定会提高你的流利程度，帮助你在现实生活中更有效地交流。此空修饰后面动词improve，应填副词作状语，definitely为副词，表“肯定”，符合语境。故填definitely。 15. When you work out regularly, you are less likely ________(suffer) painful physical condition. 【答案】to suffer 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你定期锻炼时，你就不太可能遭受身体状况的痛苦。固定表达be likely to do意为“很可能做某事”，空处应用suffer“遭受”的不定式形式。故填to suffer。 16. ________(judge) from his expression, I could tell he was content with the result. 【答案】Judging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他的表情判断，我能看出他对结果很满意。设空处在句子中做状语，judging from/by 由……判断，用作独立结构，即不用考虑与逻辑主语关系的一致性，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填Judging。 17. We ________(trick) into buying a poor car, which made me very upset. 【答案】were tricked 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：我们被骗买了一辆破旧的汽车，这让我很生气。此处作谓语动词，主语为we，与动词trick之间为被动关系，且根据后文的made可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were tricked。 18. My enthusiastic suggestion ________(ignore) by the manager yesterday. 【答案】was ignored 【详解】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：昨天我热情的建议被经理忽视了。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由yesterday可知，句子时态是一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语suggestion是单数，因此空格处是was ignored。故填was ignored。 19. John was travelling by ship to Europe when a ________(horror) storm came. 【答案】horrible 【详解】考查形容词。句意：约翰乘船去欧洲时遇到了一场可怕的风暴。此处用形容词horrible“可怕的，令人恐惧的”，修饰名词storm，作前置定语。故填horrible。 20. Just as I was ________ a loss, I was informed that my schoolbag was at the school’s Lost and Found. 【答案】at 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：正当我不知所措时，有人告诉我我的书包在学校的失物招领处。at a loss是固定短语，意为“困惑，不知所措”。故填at。 21. In the childhood, Tom was often reminded to mind his ________(behave). 【答案】behaviour/behavior 【详解】考查名词。句意：在童年时期，汤姆经常被提醒注意自己的行为。空处需要名词作mind的宾语。behave的名词形式为behaviour或者behavior“行为”，此处为不可数名词。故填behaviour/behavior。 22. A ________ generosity) person gives more of something, especially money. 【答案】generous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一个慷慨的人给予更多的东西，尤其是钱。空处修饰person，用形容词作定语，generosity对应的形容词为generous(慷慨的)。故填generous。 二、完形填空 There are too many fat people in America, so many Americans are fighting against overweight. But the 1 thing is that the French, who consume rich(油腻的) food too, 2 to stay slim. Now the 3 by Cornell University suggests 4 lifestyle and decisions about eating may affect weight. Researchers conclude that the French tend to stop eating when they feel 5 . However, Americans tend to stop when their 6 are empty or their favorite TV show is over. According to Dr. Joseph Mercola, a health expert, the French see eating 7 an important part of their lifestyle. They enjoy food and therefore spend a 8 time at the table, while Americans think eating is 9 to be squeezed in between the other daily activities. Mercola believes Americans 10 the ability to sense when they are actually full. So they keep eating long after the French have stopped. In addition, he points out that Americans drive to huge supermarkets to buy canned and 11 foods for the week. The French tend to shop daily 12 , walking to small shops or farmers’ markets where they have a 13 of fresh fruits, vegetables, eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal. In spite of all these differences, evidence shows that recent lifestyle 14 may be affecting French eating habits. Today the rate of obesity(肥胖) — or extreme overweight — among adults is only 6 percent. However, as American fast food gains 15 and the young reject older traditions, the obesity rate among French children has reached 17 percent and is still growing. 1. A. present B. natural C. strange D. modern 2. A. continue B. move C. try D. expand 3. A. research B. novel C. book D. newspaper 4. A. where B. why C. how D. when 5. A. sensitive B. sad C. happy D. full 6. A. pockets B. refrigerators C. houses D. plates 7. A. into B. as C. inside D. to 8. A. fairly long B. fairly short C. very exciting D. rather fast 9. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing 10. A. get B. bring C. lose D. receive 11. A. hot B. cool C. warm D. frozen 12. A. therefore B. instead C. however D. merely 13. A. choice B. message C. taste D. number 14. A. examples B. traditions C. changes D. stories 15. A. failure B. success C. acceptance D. rejection 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. C 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文，主要结合学者研究结果，介绍了“同吃油腻食品，美国人肥胖率极高而法国人则不然”这一奇怪的现象及其背后的原因，并就未来的变化做出讨论、预测。 1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，吃油腻食品的法国人却能继续保持瘦(的身材)。A. present现在的；B. natural自然的；C. strange奇怪的；D. modern现代的。结合上一句(全文首句)及生活常识，美国人喜欢吃油腻食品，肥胖率很高，而这事到了法国人这里却不成立，很“奇怪”，故选C。 2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但奇怪的是，吃油腻食物的法国人却能继续保持瘦(的身材)。A. continue继续；B. move移动，改变；C. try尝试；D. expand扩张。结合“to stay thin”可知，法国人吃了油腻食品之后，不会变胖，而是继续保持瘦的身材，故选A。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一个由康奈尔大学开展的研究揭示了生活方式和对于饮食的选择是如何影响体重的。A. research研究；B. novel小说；C. book书籍；D. newspaper报纸。由大学开展的，能揭示科学规律的活动应是“研究”，同时，根据下一句句首的researchers提示，故选A。 4. 考查宾语从句连接词辨析。句意：现在，一个由康奈尔大学开展的研究揭示了生活方式和对于饮食的选择是如何影响体重的。A. where何处；B. why为什么；C. how怎样，如何；D. when什么时候。这里讲的是生活方式和饮食选择这两个因素对于体重的影响，它们是“如何”影响体重的，所以选项表示方式的连接副词。故选C。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：研究人员得出结论，当法国人感到饱的时候，他们就会倾向于停止饮食。A. sensitive敏感的；B. sad伤心的；C. happy开心的；D. full饱的。根据“the French tend to stop eating”可知，当法国人感到饱的时候，他们就会倾向于停止饮食，故选D。 6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，只有当美国人发现盘子空了或者最喜欢的电视节目结束了的时候，他们才会停止饮食。A. pockets口袋；B. refrigerators冰箱；C. houses房子；D. plates盘子。结合语境，这里是进行美国人和法国人的对比，法国人会主观上“感到饱了”并停止饮食，而美国人则更像“无意识地，心不在焉地”不停吃，只有外部客观条件才会迫使他们停下来，这里的客观条件之一是“盘子空了”，故选D。 7. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：按照健康专家Joseph Mercola教授的看法，法国人把饮食视作生活格调的重要一部分。A. into到……里面(强调动态过程)；B. as作为，当作；C. inside在里面，在内部；D. to到，向。这里讲的是法国人把饮食视作(当作)生活的重要一部分，see...as“把……看作……”故选B。 8. 考查形容词短语词义辨析。句意：他们享受食物，也因此在餐桌上花了相当长的时间。A. fairly long相当长的；B. fairly short相当短的；C. very exciting十分刺激的；D. rather fast相当快的。根据“They enjoy food”可知，法国人是把吃饭当做享受的，因此在餐桌上花的时间也是相当长的(慢慢品味、享受)，故选A。 9. 考查不定代词词义辨析。句意：然而美国人把吃饭视作一件要在其他日常活动中挤出时间(来完成)的事。A. anything任何事物；B. something某事，某物；C. everything每件事情，每个事物；D. nothing无事。在这里，see eating as something…指“把吃饭视作……的一件事情(某件事情)”，此处指美国人把吃饭视作一件要在其他日常活动中挤出时间(来完成)的事。故选B。 10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Mercola 认为美国人失去了在他们确实饱了的时候感知的能力。A. get得到；B. bring带来；C. lose失去；D. receive收到。结合上下文语境，专家认为美国人“不知饱”，盘子空了亦或是电视节目结束了才知道停下，因此这里说他们失去了感知能力，故选C。 11. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：此外，他指出，美国人会开车去大型商超买罐头和冷冻食品(储存起来)作为未来一周的食物。A. hot热的；B. cool酷的，凉爽的；C. warm温暖的；D. frozen冷冻的。根据“foods for the week”和下文“walking to small shops or farmers’ markets ”可知，与法国人不同，美国去超市买能储存很久的冷冻食物。故选D。 12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：法国人则相反，他们倾向于日常出去购物，走去小商店或者农贸市场。A. therefore因此；B. instead相反，反而；C. however然而，但是；D. merely仅仅是，只不过。结合上下文，此处是指美国人和法国人购物习惯相反，B、C意义上都符合，但however表转折关系，解释为“然而，但是”时其后一定要加上逗号，排除C项，故选B。 13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些地方，他们为每顿饭选购新鲜的水果、蔬菜、鸡蛋和高质量的肉类。A. choice选择；B. message消息；C. taste味道；D. number数量。根据“fresh fruits, vegetables, and eggs as well as high-quality meats for each meal.”可知，这里指的是他们有新鲜的食物可供选择，have a choice of符合语境，故选A。 14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有这些不同，但证据显示近年来生活方式的改变或许会影响法国人的饮食习惯。A. examples例子；B. traditions传统；C. changes变化，改变；D. stories故事。下文提到快餐正被法国人认可、接受，法国儿童肥胖率正急剧上升，这是一种变化，同时本句中的recent(近期的，近来的)也起到提示作用，可帮助排除traditions(传统)，故选C。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，随着美国快餐获得认可，年轻人又拒绝以前的传统(生活方式)，法国儿童的肥胖率已经达到17%，并且还在上升。A. failure失败；B. success成功；C. acceptance认可，接受；D. rejection拒绝。根据“the young reject older traditions”，这里强调的是快餐被法国消费者认可、接受，拒绝以前的传统生活方式，而不是强调快餐在商业上的成功，gain acceptance一般指获得消费者、顾客的认可、接受，进入了(法国的)市场，故选C。 三、阅读理解 I can well remember the pain. My stomach was sick, my heart hurt, and my eyes stung from holding back tears. “You know, Annie,” my friend John said, “Joanna and Andrea were just talking about you.” I immediately got nervous. “They said that the only reason you start on the basketball team is that the coach likes you, not that you're good.” I thought I might be sick. “They said they're tired of you always getting what you want.” I struggled to keep myself from crying, sinking to my knees on the cold floor. After John told me everything my supposed best friends said about me, I was hurt. Joanna and Andrea came in from lunch break acting as if nothing had happened. Joanna was still my deskmate, and Andrea was still my partner for our history project. I was amazed at their ability to pretend we had perfect friendship, especially since they'd said such hurtful things. I was a freshman in high school, and I felt like I didn't have a friend in the world, all because of gossip. The tongue can be our worst enemy. Gossip harms confidence and separate close friends. It's like a sharp knife, cutting one's self-respect into pieces. When we say unkind things about others, we're sticking knives into their hearts. So how was I to act next? When Joanna and Andrea pretended our friendship hadn't changed, I thought of attacking them back. But instead, I told them directly that they had hurt me. Joanna started crying and Andrea was speechless. I knew they were both sorry for what they had said. They apologized, and I forgave them. Sure, things were a little uncomfortable at first, but soon enough everything was back to the way it had been before. I still deal with gossip, sometimes as a receiver and sometimes as a sharer. But the more I learn about love, the more I realize the importance of encouraging others—something gossip never does. 1. What can we conclude from the second paragraph? A. Joanna and Andrea were grateful that the writer was their friend. B. Joanna and Andrea did not think the writer was the coach's favourite. C. Joanna and Andrea were unhappy about the writer being on the team. D. Joanna and Andrea made fun of the writer's basketball performances. 2. How did the writer deal with her friends' comments about her? A. She decided to fight back immediately. B. She pretended that nothing had happened. C. She found it uncomfortable to speak to them. D. She told them how she felt about their words. 3. What's the writer's reaction to gossip? A. Unconcerned. B. Positive. C. Negative. D. Unclear. 4. What can we infer according to the passage? A. Gossip is like a knife that stabs into one's heart. B. We couldn't live in a world without gossip, but love can be a helper. C. We have to be patient when we hear gossip about our friends. D. We should be careful around our friends since they may cheat us. 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. B 【语篇导读】本文讲述了流言蜚语是不可避免的，但是我们要积极和正确地对待它们。 1. C  推理判断题 [关键句]They said that the only reason you start on the basketball team is that the coach likes you, not that you're good. 释义：她们说你之所以能加入篮球队，只是因为教练喜欢你，而不是因为你球打得好。 [解析]根据关键句可以推知,Joanna和Andrea认为作者没有足够的能力，她们不满意作者加入篮球队。故选C项。 2. D  细节理解题 [关键句]But instead, I told them directly that they had hurt me. Joanna started crying and Andrea was speechless. 释义：但是相反，我直接告诉她们，她们伤害了我。Joanna开始哭泣, Andrea也说不出话来。 [解析]根据关键句可知，作者直接告诉了她们自己的感受。故选D项。 3. B  推理判断题 [关键句]I still deal with gossip, sometimes as a receiver and sometimes as a sharer. 释义：我依然还会遇到流言蜚语，有时候我作为一个接受者，有时候作为一个分享者。 [解析]根据关键句并结合最后一段中的love和encouraging others可知，作者对流言蜚语的反应是比较积极的。故选B项。 4. B  推理判断题 [关键句]But the more I learn about love, the more I realize the importance of encouraging others—something gossip never does. 释义：但是我对爱了解得越多，我就越能意识到鼓励他人的重要性——而这些是流言蜚语做不到的。 [解析]根据关键句以及文章大意可知，我们不可能生活在一个没有流言蜚语的世界，但是他人的爱和鼓励对我们大有裨益。故选B项。 [长难句解读] 释义：我很惊讶她们居然能假装我们是完美的朋友，尤其是她们之前说过那么伤人的话。 分析：本句的主干是I was amazed at their ability…。since... things是since引导的原因状语从句，用于解释说明作者感到惊讶的原因。不定式结构 to pretend ... friendship作后置定语，修饰前面的名词their ability;其中包含省略了连接词that的宾语从句，作pretend的宾语。 [重点词积累](熟词生义)stick v. 将……刺入(或插入) speechless adj. 说不出话的hold back克制，抑制 sink to one's knees  跪在地上 四、语法填空 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。   (2025高一上·广东广州·开学考试)In every culture around the world, friendship has been considered as the greatest thing a person can have. Everyone needs a close friendship 1 can give us support for both the good and the bad times in life. Friends keep us from feeling lonely, provide us 2 a sense of being safe and help whenever things may not end up 3 (go) the way we want it to. 4 (luckily), sometimes friendship can be a source of pain as well as joy. Like any relationship, friendship can make us feel sad if the trust at the foundation of the relationship 5 (break) by either of the friends. For example, if you have ever told a close friend your secret, but he has that secret known by others, you might have 6 first feeling of losing trust in a friendship. When experiencing the 7 (sad) or loneliness of losing a friendship, you can get out and be active, which helps you keep your mind off the lost friendship, or you can pay much attention to 8 (you). If you pay attention to doing things you enjoy, you will have less time to think of your lost friendship. Always remember a strong friendship 9 (require) honesty and trust. Even if you are hurt by your friends, it is wise of you 10 (forget) it and start your new life again. 【答案】 1. which/that 2. with 3. going 4. Unluckily 5. is broken 6. a 7. sadness 8. yourself 9. requires 10. to forget 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是友谊的重要性和如何应对失去的友谊。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：每个人都需要一份亲密的友谊，它能在生活中的顺境和逆境中给予我们支持。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词friendship是物，因此用关系代词which或者that引导，故填which或者that。 2. 考查介词。句意：朋友让我们远离孤独，给我们安全感，当事情不像我们想的那样结束时，他们会帮助我们。provide sb. with sth.是固定短语，意为“给某人提供某物”，因此空格处用介词with，故填with。 3. 考查动名词。句意：朋友让我们远离孤独，给我们安全感，当事情不像我们想的那样结束时，他们会帮助我们。end up doing是固定短语，意为“最终做某事”，因此空格处用动名词going。故填going。 4. 考查副词。句意：不幸的是，有时友谊既是快乐的源泉，也是痛苦的源泉。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整句话，副词luckily的反义词unluckily“不幸的是”符合句意；位于句首，首字母大写，故填Unluckily。 5. 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：就像任何关系一样，如果友谊的基础信任被任何一个朋友破坏了我们会感到悲伤。if引导的是条件状语从句，描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，从句主语trust与动词break之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语trust是不可数名词，因此空格处是is broken。故填is broken。 6. 考查冠词。句意：例如，如果你曾经告诉过一个亲密的朋友你的秘密，但他让别人知道了这个秘密，你可能会首先对友谊失去信任，first feeling意为“第一感觉”，此处表示泛指，前面要加不定冠词，first是辅音音素开头，因此不定冠词用a，故填a。 7. 考查名词。句意：当经历失去友谊的悲伤或孤独时，你可以走出去，活跃起来，这有助于你把注意力从失去的友谊中移开，或者你可以多关注自己。空格处用名词作宾语，sad的名词是sadness，意为“悲伤”，是不可数名词，故填sadness。 8. 考查反身代词。句意：当经历失去友谊的悲伤或孤独时，你可以走出去，活跃起来，这有助于你把注意力从失去的友谊中移开，或者你可以多关注自己。根据语境可知，此处表示“你可以多关注自己”，空格处意为“你自己”，用反身代词yourself，故填yourself。 9. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：永远记住，牢固的友谊需要诚实和信任。空格处在省略that的宾语从句中作谓语，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语friendship是不可数名词，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故填requires。 10. 考查不定式。句意：即使你被你的朋友伤害了，忘记它，重新开始你的新生活也是明智的。it is wise of sb. to do是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是明智的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，因此空格处是不定式to forget。故填to forget。 五、应用文写作 你校英文报刊征稿，题目为 “My Good Friend”，请你向该英文报刊投稿，介绍你的好朋友。 内容包括： 1.该朋友的基本信息； 2.他她. 对你的影响及具体事例； 3. 朋友的言行对我的启示。 注意：1. 词数110词左右；2. 文中不得透露自己的真实姓名及就读学校的名字。 My Good Friend ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Good Friend I have a good friend. He is a handsome boy and his eyes shine with wisdom. I have known him since Senior One. We are both interested in English, so once both of us entered for an English contest. How eagerly I expected to get a prize! On hearing that I had failed in the contest, I could hardly hold back my tears. “What a pity!” I murmured to myself over and over again. I felt that the world had become cold and everyone seemed to be laughing at me. I love English and have gone all out to study it since my first day in the junior middle school. I have even dreamed of entering a foreign language institute. So I felt very sad. Just at this time, I received a short letter in English, saying, “Failure is the mother of success. Cheer up! Don’t lose confidence. Keep on your study and you will succeed!” I knew it was from the good friend of mine. These words encouraged me greatly. I forgot all my sadness. From then on, I studied English even harder. In the next English contest, I got the first prize. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以“My Good Friend”为题目，向该英文报刊投稿，介绍你的好朋友。 【思路点拨】1.词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in→ be keen to 难过的：sad → grieved 渴望地：eagerly→ longingly 比赛：contest→ match 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I have a good friend. He is a handsome boy and his eyes shine with wisdom. 拓展句：I have a good friend, who is a handsome boy with his eyes shining with wisdom. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】On hearing that I had failed in the contest, I could hardly hold back my tears.(运用了从属连词tha引导宾语从句) 【高分句型2】I felt that the world had become cold and everyone seemed to be laughing at me.(运用了从属连词that引导的宾语从句和and连接的并列句) 24 / 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$