(复习部分)专题10 常见三大从句(状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句)-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题10 常见的三大从句(状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句) (初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 状语从句 ) 时间状语从句 连接词：when，whenever, while，as，as soon as，since，until，after，before 例句：Whenever he comes，he brings a friend.他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句 连接词： if，unless，as long as 例句：As long as I am alive，I will go on studying.只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句 连接词： as，because，since 例句：Since we live near the sea，we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，所以能享受好的天气。 地点状语从句 连接词：where 例句：Put it where we all can see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句 连接词：so that，in order that 例句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句 连接词：so that，so...that，such...that 例句：He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句 连接词： though，although，even if，however 例句：Though he is in poor health，he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句 连接词：as 例句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句 连接词：than，(not) as/so...as 例句：The work isn't as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。 【易混辨析】 1. while，when，as when既可以指“时间点”，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用(＝while)。如： When he came in，his mother was cooking. When/While we were at school，we went to the library every day. while表示时间段，因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Please don't talk so loud while others are working. as与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。如： As you get older，you get more knowledge. 2. because，as，since because用于表示直接原因，回答why提出的问题，语气最强；as用于说明原因，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”。如： Water is very important because we can't live without it. He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. I'll do it for you since you are busy. 3. such...that，so...that，so that 引导结果状语从句的区别 (1)so that 表示结果和目的时的区别： so that表示目的时，从句中往往有can, could, may, might等情态动词，而表示结果时没有；so that引导结果状语从句可用逗号与主句分开，引导目的状语从句则不可。 They set out early so that they arrived in time.(结果) They set out early so that they might arrive in time.(目的) (2)so...that...与such...that...的区别： so为副词，修饰形容词、副词，不能修饰名词；such是形容词，用来修饰名词。两者常用的结构如下： Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. ＝Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 1.(24-25高一下·吉林长春·开学考试)Exhausted and cold ________ soldiers were, they persisted in finishing their long march. 2.(24-25高一上·四川达州·开学考试)I did not understand all of the traditional customs, ________ a few made a deep impression ________ me. 3. ________(assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer, I will serve the people heart and soul. ( 考点 二 宾语从句 )4. We are willing to offer help, no matter ________ is in trouble. 在句中担当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序，即主语在谓语的前面。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 2. 在由连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which和连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句中，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Who/Whom do you know they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ He asked whose handwriting was the best. 他问谁的书法是最好的。 I don't know why the train is late. 我不知道为什么火车晚点了。 3. 以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。 He asked me if/whether I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。 (1)当从句作介词的宾语时只用whether不用if。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 (2)引导词后直接跟动词不定式或or not时，只用whether。 We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow. 我们想知道今天走还是明天走。 【温馨提示】宾语从句的时态和语序 (1)当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。 Do you know whether he has seen the film? 你知道他看过这部电影吗？ He wants to know what time it is. 他想知道几点了。 (2)当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。 I didn't know whether he had seen the film. 我不知道他是否看过这部电影。 注意：当主句是一般过去时，若从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。 He said that the earth moves around the sun. 他说地球围着太阳转。 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)A modern hospital has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago. 2. You can imagine ________ it would be like driving a car into a brick wall at 30 miles an hour. 3.(24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·开学考试)I am wondering ________ life is going to be like here. ( 考点 三 定语从句 )4. You can imagine ________ it would be like living on the moon. 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which，as。 关系副词：when，where，why。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可作定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称和数上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who，whom，that 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2. whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。如： Please pass me the book whose/of which the cover is green. 3. which，that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which/that在从句中作主语) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which/that在从句中作宾语) 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点、方式或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋which”结构交替使用。如： There are occasions when/on which one must yield. Beijing is the place where/in which I was born. Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer? 注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 Is this the book which/that she was looking for? 三、“名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 She has written a book，the name of which I have forgotten. There are fifty­five students in our class，all of whom are working hard. There are seven continents in the world，the largest of which is Asia. 【温馨提示】关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和who 都可以指人，其用法区别： (1)不用that的情况 ①在引导非限制性定语从句时 (错)The tree，that is four hundred years old，is very famous here. ②介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. ③多用who 的情况 a. 关系代词在从句中作主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. b. 先行词为those，people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. c. 先行词为all，anyone，ones，one (指人时) One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work. d. 在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you. e. 在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. (2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ①在不定代词，如anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. ②先行词被the only，the very，the just等修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. ③先行词被序数词(含the last)或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。 The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain. ④先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ⑤当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? ⑥关系代词在从句中作表语时。 He is not the man that he used to be. 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·开学考试)The intelligent young teacher, ________ advocates(倡导) integrating new knowledge with what the students already know, gives an impressive lesson. 2.(24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without ________ help I wouldn’t be so excellent. 3.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)The path ________ we are walking now leads to the mountain. 4.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)The fire from ________ the family was saved was put out within an hour by the firefighters. 1. ________ you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope, with which you can live a happy life and achieve your goals. 2. Put the medicine________ children can’t reach it. 3. It is more than ten years ________ I became a teacher. 4. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively so ________ I can have more time to do other things I like so much. 5. Breakfast is available to the fishermen ________ get up early and go fishing in the sea from 6 am. 6. It was on the platform ________ you stood just now that I found a wallet. 7. This is the place ________ I grew up. 8. The book ________ which we had a discussion yesterday is very interesting. 9. The literature’s attraction lies more in ________ it awakens in us than what it says 10. Jane asked her father ________ he was late for the party that day. 11. This will remind you of ________ you are working for and keep you focused. 12. A man’s worth lies not so much in ________ he has as in what he is. 提升专练 I.单句写作 1. 他如此专心读书以至于根本没注意到外面在下雨。(so…… that)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 2. 昨天当我路过体育室的时候，我看见Maria在跳舞。(when...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 3. 他没有来学校是因为他有重要的事情要做。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 4. 如果你方便的话，明天下午能帮我筹备一下生日聚会吗? (convenient; arrange)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 5. 你能告诉我从你家走到学校要花多少时间？ (take) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 6. 我希望能尽快收到你的照片。(hope) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 7. 他乞求饶恕他的所作所为。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 8. 我英语很好，这对与外国人交流有很大的帮助。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 9. 他们买了一套带有泳池的大房子。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 10. 获得一等奖的人是一个 15 岁的男孩。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·云南文山·开学考试)The Spring Festival Gala, also known as Chunwan, is a highly-anticipated(期待) annual(每年的) television show in China. It is broadcast live(现场直播) on China Central Television (CCTV) on the eve of the Chinese New Year, attracting billions of viewers both at home and abroad. This grand show is a blend(融合) of various art forms, including singing, dancing, comedy sketches(喜剧小品), acrobatics(杂技), and traditional Chinese opera. Each performance is carefully crafted to showcase the charm(魅力) of Chinese culture and the joy of the New Year. For example, the dance performances often feature traditional Chinese costumes(服装) and choreography(舞蹈编排), vividly presenting the long-standing cultural heritage. The comedy sketches, with their humorous language and vivid portrayals(描述) of daily life, bring laughter and warmth to the audience. The Spring Festival Gala not only serves as a form of entertainment(娱乐) but also as a cultural symbol. It plays a crucial role in uniting families during the New Year. As people gather around the TV to watch the show, it creates a festive and harmonious atmosphere. Moreover, the gala also reflects the development and changes of society. Through the performances, we can catch a glimpse of the country’s progress in different fields, from technology to culture. In conclusion, the Spring Festival Gala is more than just a TV show; it is a cultural feast that enriches our spiritual life and strengthens our sense of national identity. 1. When is the Spring Festival Gala broadcast? A. On New Year’s Day. B. On the eve of the Chinese New Year. C. In the middle of the Chinese New Year holiday. D. On the last day of the Chinese New Year. 2. What can we infer from the fact that the Spring Festival Gala reflects the development and changes of society? A. The shows in the gala are always the same. B. The performances in the gala are related to the current situation of the country. C. The gala has nothing to do with modern technology. D. The comedy sketches in the gala only focus on old-fashioned stories. 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the history of the Spring Festival Gala. B. To describe the performers in the Spring Festival Gala. C. To explain the importance of traditional Chinese opera in the Spring Festival Gala. D. To introduce the Spring Festival Gala as a cultural and entertaining event. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an art form in the Spring Festival Gala? A. Magic shows. B. Singing. C. Comedy sketches. D. Acrobatics. III.完形填空 (24-25高一上·全国·课后作业)Jenna had graduated from middle school and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna tried out for a cheerleading team. She 3 very excellent girls, and she knew it would be difficult for her to be chosen. Two hours later, the judge(裁判) 4 a list of the girls for the second try-out. Her name wasn’t on the list. Feeling 5 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. 6 home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 7 . She moved on to English and history, and was 8 to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to 9 math for the time being. The next day in   10 class, Jenna spent most of her time working out the problems that had given her so much 11 . By the end of class, she finally got the answers. As she gathered(收拢)her books, Jenna 12 she’d continue to try to fit in at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 13 . High school was just as her mom had said, "You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 14 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be." 1. A. courses B. decisions C. challenges D. exercises 2. A. So B. However C. Therefore D. Besides 3. A. fought B. connected C. beat D. encouraged 4. A. pronounced B. forgot C. saw D. heard 5. A. strange B. happy C. sad D. lonely 6. A. Arriving B. Going C. Staying D. Leaving 7. A. struggling B. improving C. working D. continuing 8. A. anxious B. disappointed C. scared D. relaxed 9. A. work with B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up 10. A. physics B. history C. English D. math 11. A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. courage 12. A. decided B. accepted C. refused D. felt 13. A. swim B. try C. ask D. travel 14. A. in exchange for B. in case of C. in terms of D. instead of 15. A. thinnest B. smallest C. best D. gentlest IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·云南昭通·开学考试)Videos of 78-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, 1 speaks different languages while working on a scenic spot selling water and postcards, have won her instant fame. 2 (locate) at the base of Moon Hill, Xu’s village is a popular tourist destination famous for a moon-shaped hole. She has been working as a tour guide in Yangshuo, 3 county(县) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 4 (support) her family, Xu dropped out of junior school and many years later began to learn different languages in order to attract more foreign visitors. Xu said she would change words in any language 5 Chinese characters based on their pronunciation and then memorize them. Repeating the words in her head before going to bed and immediately after 6 (wake) up has given her fluency in basic conversations with foreigners. Over the past two decades, Xu 7 (teach) herself eleven foreign languages, including English, Spanish and Korean. In addition to making her incredibly popular, her linguistic skills have made 8 easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists. Xu has also become one of the 9 (busy) tour guides in Yangshuo. Her reputation draws a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual(说多种语言的) guide out of 10 (admire). V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·云南·开学考试)假定你是李华，你在校英文报“Learning English”专栏看到一位署名Fish的同学求教如何提升口语。请你给他回复、进行交流。内容包括： (1)分享经验和方法； (2)提出你个人的问题并寻求帮助。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Fish, I’m rather glad to share with you how to improve spoken English. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题10 常见的三大从句(状语从句，宾语从句和定语从句) (初高中衔接) 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 状语从句 ) 时间状语从句 连接词：when，whenever, while，as，as soon as，since，until，after，before 例句：Whenever he comes，he brings a friend.他每次来都带个朋友。 条件状语从句 连接词： if，unless，as long as 例句：As long as I am alive，I will go on studying.只要我活着， 我就要学习。 原因状语从句 连接词： as，because，since 例句：Since we live near the sea，we enjoy nice weather.由于我们住在海边，所以能享受好的天气。 地点状语从句 连接词：where 例句：Put it where we all can see it.把它放在我们都能看到的位置。 目的状语从句 连接词：so that，in order that 例句：Finish this so that you can start another.把这个做完，你可以开始另一个。 结果状语从句 连接词：so that，so...that，such...that 例句：He was so angry that he couldn't say a word.他气得说不出话了。 让步状语从句 连接词： though，although，even if，however 例句：Though he is in poor health，he works hard.虽然他身体不好，但是他工作很努力。 方式状语从句 连接词：as 例句：Students do as the teachers say.学生们按照老师说的去做。 比较状语从句 连接词：than，(not) as/so...as 例句：The work isn't as easy as I thought.这项工作比我想象得难。 【易混辨析】 1. while，when，as when既可以指“时间点”，与瞬间动词连用，也可以指“时间段”，与延续性动词连用(＝while)。如： When he came in，his mother was cooking. When/While we were at school，we went to the library every day. while表示时间段，因此，while 从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。如： Please don't talk so loud while others are working. as与when用法相似，但着重强调主句动作与从句动作同时发生，有“随着……”或“一边……一边……”之意。如： As you get older，you get more knowledge. 2. because，as，since because用于表示直接原因，回答why提出的问题，语气最强；as用于说明原因，着重点在主句，常译成“由于”；since表示显然的或已知的理由或事实，常译成“既然”。如： Water is very important because we can't live without it. He didn't come yesterday as his mother was ill. I'll do it for you since you are busy. 3. such...that，so...that，so that 引导结果状语从句的区别 (1)so that 表示结果和目的时的区别： so that表示目的时，从句中往往有can, could, may, might等情态动词，而表示结果时没有；so that引导结果状语从句可用逗号与主句分开，引导目的状语从句则不可。 They set out early so that they arrived in time.(结果) They set out early so that they might arrive in time.(目的) (2)so...that...与such...that...的区别： so为副词，修饰形容词、副词，不能修饰名词；such是形容词，用来修饰名词。两者常用的结构如下： Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. ＝Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 1.(24-25高一下·吉林长春·开学考试)Exhausted and cold ________ soldiers were, they persisted in finishing their long march. 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管士兵们又累又冷，他们还是坚持走完长征。“士兵们又累又冷”和“他们坚持走完长征”之间是让步的关系，且形容词Exhausted和cold置于句首，从句使用了部分倒装，因此用连词as或though引导让步状语从句。故填as/though。 2.(24-25高一上·四川达州·开学考试)I did not understand all of the traditional customs, ________ a few made a deep impression ________ me. 【答案】although/though; on 【详解】考查状语从句和固定短语。句意：我并不了解所有的传统习俗，尽管有一些习俗确实给我留下了深刻的印象。第一空引导让步状语从句用从属连词although/though，固定短语make a deep impression on (给……留下深刻的印象)。故填①although/though ②on。 3. ________(assume) that I am chosen to be a volunteer, I will serve the people heart and soul. 【答案】Assuming 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：假如我被选为志愿者，我将全心全意为人民服务。此处缺少连接词，assuming“假如”引导条件状语从句，符合句意，位于句首注意首字母大写。故填Assuming。 4. We are willing to offer help, no matter ________ is in trouble. 【答案】who ( 考点 二 宾语从句 )【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论谁有麻烦，我们都愿意提供帮助。结合句意，用no matter who (无论谁)引导让步状语从句。故填who。 在句中担当宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序，即主语在谓语的前面。 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。 He said (that) he wanted to stay at home. 2. 在由连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which和连接副词when，where，why，how引导的宾语从句中，这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。 Who/Whom do you know they are waiting for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？ He asked whose handwriting was the best. 他问谁的书法是最好的。 I don't know why the train is late. 我不知道为什么火车晚点了。 3. 以whether或if引导的宾语从句，主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序。 He asked me if/whether I could help him. 他问我是否可以帮助他。 注意：一般情况下，whether和if可以互用，但有些情况例外。 (1)当从句作介词的宾语时只用whether不用if。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切取决于我们是否有足够的钱。 (2)引导词后直接跟动词不定式或or not时，只用whether。 We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow. 我们想知道今天走还是明天走。 【温馨提示】宾语从句的时态和语序 (1)当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。 Do you know whether he has seen the film? 你知道他看过这部电影吗？ He wants to know what time it is. 他想知道几点了。 (2)当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。 I didn't know whether he had seen the film. 我不知道他是否看过这部电影。 注意：当主句是一般过去时，若从句表示的是客观真理、自然现象、科学原理、格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。 He said that the earth moves around the sun. 他说地球围着太阳转。 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃兰州·开学考试)A modern hospital has been set up in ________ was a wasteland ten years ago. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：在十年前还是荒地的地方建了一所现代化的医院。空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，使用连接代词what引导，故填what。 2. You can imagine ________ it would be like driving a car into a brick wall at 30 miles an hour. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：你可以想象一辆汽车以每小时30英里的速度撞在一堵砖墙上的情景。分析句子可知此处要用what引导宾语从句，what在句中充当like的宾语，表示“什么”。故填what。 3.(24-25高一上·黑龙江牡丹江·开学考试)I am wondering ________ life is going to be like here. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：我想知道这的生活将会是什么样子。划线词引导的句子作动词wonder的宾语，根据句意“生活会是什么样子”可知，从句引导词作宾语，用连接词what。故填what。 4. You can imagine ________ it would be like living on the moon. 【答案】what ( 考点 三 定语从句 )【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你可以想象在月球上生活会是什么样子。根据空前的动词inagine可知该空引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，表示“什么”应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 定语从句在句中作定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词：who，whom，whose，that，which，as。 关系副词：when，where，why。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可作定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词作宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称和数上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who，whom，that 这些词代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you？(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.(who/whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2. whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换)。如： Please pass me the book whose/of which the cover is green. 3. which，that 它们所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如： A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.(which/that在从句中作主语) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.(which/that在从句中作宾语) 二、关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点、方式或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词＋which”结构，因此常常和“介词＋which”结构交替使用。如： There are occasions when/on which one must yield. Beijing is the place where/in which I was born. Is this the reason why/for which he refused our offer? 注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，介词仍放在动词后面。 Is this the book which/that she was looking for? 三、“名词/数词/代词/形容词最高级＋介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句 She has written a book，the name of which I have forgotten. There are fifty­five students in our class，all of whom are working hard. There are seven continents in the world，the largest of which is Asia. 【温馨提示】关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和who 都可以指人，其用法区别： (1)不用that的情况 ①在引导非限制性定语从句时 (错)The tree，that is four hundred years old，is very famous here. ②介词后不能用 We depend on the land from which we get our food. ③多用who 的情况 a. 关系代词在从句中作主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend. b. 先行词为those，people 时 Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth. c. 先行词为all，anyone，ones，one (指人时) One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work. d. 在There be句型中 There is a stranger who wants to see you. e. 在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. (2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 ①在不定代词，如anything，nothing，everything，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. ②先行词被the only，the very，the just等修饰时，只用that。 He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water. ③先行词被序数词(含the last)或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。 The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twain. ④先行词既有人，又有物时。 He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited. ⑤当主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时，用that 以避免重复。 Who is the person that is standing at the gate? ⑥关系代词在从句中作表语时。 He is not the man that he used to be. 1.(24-25高一下·甘肃张掖·开学考试)The intelligent young teacher, ________ advocates(倡导) integrating new knowledge with what the students already know, gives an impressive lesson. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位聪明的年轻老师提倡把新知识和学生们所学的知识结合起来，他的课给人留下了深刻的印象。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词teacher，在从句作主语，指人。故填who。 2.(24-25高一下·黑龙江大庆·开学考试)I’m very grateful to my high school teachers, without ________ help I wouldn’t be so excellent. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我非常感谢我的高中老师，没有他们的帮助，我就不会这么优秀。逗号后的部分是非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰空格后的名词help，且意义为“其，……的”，所以关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 3.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)The path ________ we are walking now leads to the mountain. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们现在走的那条小路通向那座山。设空处引导定语从句，先行词the path，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。 4.(24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)The fire from ________ the family was saved was put out within an hour by the firefighters. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：消防队员在一小时内扑灭了那场大火，使这家人得救。空处与from构成“介词+关系代词”引导的限制性定语从句，先行词为the fire，作从句中from的宾语，表示物，用which。故填which。 1. ________ you lose in life, don’t lose faith and hope, with which you can live a happy life and achieve your goals. 【答案】Whatever 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你在生活中失去了什么，都不要失去信心和希望，有了信心和希望你就能过上幸福的生活并实现你的目标。分析句子可知，设空处是让步状语从句的引导词，从句缺少宾语，表示“无论什么”需要whatever，位于句首首字母大写，故填Whatever。 2. Put the medicine________ children can’t reach it. 【答案】where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。分析句子结构，这是一个包含地点状语从句的复合句，使用where引导的状语从句，故填where。 3. It is more than ten years ________ I became a teacher. 【答案】since 【详解】考查固定句型和连词。句意：我当老师已经十多年了。此处为固定句型：it is+一段时间+since+句子，意为“(自)……已经多久”，since引导时间状语从句。故填since。 4. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively so ________ I can have more time to do other things I like so much. 【答案】that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：我在所有的课上都很专心，积极思考，这样我就有更多的时间做我喜欢的其他事情。分析句子可知，此处是“so that”引导目的状语从句，意为“以至于”，故填that。 5. Breakfast is available to the fishermen ________ get up early and go fishing in the sea from 6 am. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：早餐提供给那些早上 6 点就起床去海里捕鱼的渔民。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the fishermen，作从句中的主语，表示人，可以用who/that引导从句。故填who/that。 6. It was on the platform ________ you stood just now that I found a wallet. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我就是在你刚才站的那个站台上捡到一个钱包的。此处需要使用关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词platform，先行词在从句中作地点状语，因此需使用关系副词where。故填where。 7. This is the place ________ I grew up. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是我长大的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 8. The book ________ which we had a discussion yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】about 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：我们昨天讨论过的那本书很有趣。分析句子可知，“have a discussion about sth.”是固定短语，意为“关于某事进行讨论”。在这个句子中，“The book”是先行词，which和about构成“介词+which”结构引导定语从句。故填about。 9. The literature’s attraction lies more in ________ it awakens in us than what it says 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：文学的吸引力更多的是它在我们身上唤醒的东西，而不是它说的东西。介词in后接宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。 10. Jane asked her father ________ he was late for the party that day. 【答案】why 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：Jane问她父亲那天聚会为什么迟到。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连接词引导的宾语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，句意不完整，结合句意可知，此处表示“为什么”符合语境，所以此处应使用连接副词why。故填why。 11. This will remind you of ________ you are working for and keep you focused. 【答案】what 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：这会提醒你工作的目的，让你集中精力。引导宾语从句，作从句介词for的宾语，指事物，用连接代词what。故填what。 12. A man’s worth lies not so much in ________ he has as in what he is. 【答案】what 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：一个人的价值不在于他拥有什么，而在于他是什么。连接代词what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的人/事/物”。分析句子可知，空格后是宾语从句，从句引导词在从句中作has的宾语，表示“他所拥有的东西”。综上，应用连接代词what引导词该宾语从句。故填what。 提升专练 I.单句写作 1. 他如此专心读书以至于根本没注意到外面在下雨。(so…… that)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was so absorbed in his book that he didn’t notice it was raining outside. 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。主句主语为He；表示“专心读书”用短语be absorbed in his book；表示“如此……以至于……”用句式so...that...，引导结果状语从句；表示“注意”用动词notice；分析可知，本句为陈述过去事情，所以用一般过去时。动词notice后接宾语从句，可省略连接词that；从句表示“外面在下雨”，为过去正在发生的事情，用过去进行时，翻译为it was raining outside。故翻译为He was so absorbed in his book that he didn’t notice it was raining outside。 2. 昨天当我路过体育室的时候，我看见Maria在跳舞。(when...) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Yesterday, when I passed by the sports room, I saw Maria dancing. 【详解】考查时态和时间状语从句。“昨天”译为yesterday，位于句首，首字母大写用Yesterday作时间状语，句子使用一般过去时；“当……时候”用when引导时间状语从句，从句主语“我”译为I，“路过”译为pass by，动词使用过去式形式作谓语，宾语“体育室”译为the sports room；主句主语I，“看见”译为see，动词使用过去式形式作谓语，Maria作宾语，“跳舞”译为dance，与Maria是主动关系，用现在分词形式dancing作宾语补足语。故翻译为Yesterday, when I passed by the sports room, I saw Maria dancing. 3. 他没有来学校是因为他有重要的事情要做。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He didn’t come to school, because he had something important to do. 【详解】考查短语、时态和原因状语从句。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。“来学校”用短语come to school；“因为”用连词because，引导原因状语从句；“有重要的事情要做”翻译为have something important to do。根据句意，故翻译为He didn’t come to school, because he had something important to do. 4. 如果你方便的话，明天下午能帮我筹备一下生日聚会吗? (convenient; arrange)(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you help me arrange the birthday party tomorrow afternoon if it is convenient for you? 【详解】考查一般疑问句和条件状语从句。原句是一个一般疑问句，是一个包含条件状语从句的复合句，“如果你方便的话”用if it is convenient for you在句子中做条件状语从句，用一般现在时来表示将来的动作或状态，表示“能做……吗？”含义的表达为Could you…？句首单词首字母大写，表示“帮助某人做某事”含义的表达为help sb. do sth.，本句中“帮我筹备”应用help me arrange，“生日聚会”应用the birthday party，时间状语“明天下午”用tomorrow afternoon。故翻译为Could you help me arrange the birthday party tomorrow afternoon if it is convenient for you? 5. 你能告诉我从你家走到学校要花多少时间？ (take) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Could you tell me how long it takes to walk from your home to the school? /Could you tell me how long it takes to get to the school from your home on foot? 【详解】考查宾语从句和情态动词。根据句意，“告诉”为tell，“我”为me，“你能告诉我”为Could you tell me ，后接宾语从句，连接词为“how long”，“花费时间做某事”为it takes+时间+to do sth。“你家走到学校”为walk from your home to the school或者 get to the school from your home on foot。故翻译为Could you tell me how long it takes to walk from your home to the school? /Could you tell me how long it takes to get to the school from your home on foot? 6. 我希望能尽快收到你的照片。(hope) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I hope (that) I can/will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.//I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible. 【详解】考查宾语从句，时态和固定短语。根据句意可知，句子描述现在的事实，时态用一般现在时，“我希望”是I hope (that)...或I hope to do sth.，that引导的是宾语从句，“尽快”是as soon as possible，“收到你的照片”是receive your photo(s)，that中“能”用I can/will，receive用原形，因此句子翻译为“I hope (that) I can/will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.//I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible”。故答案为I hope (that) I can/will receive your photo(s) as soon as possible.//I hope to receive your photo(s) as soon as possible. 7. 他乞求饶恕他的所作所为。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He begged forgiveness for what he had done. 【详解】考查动词时态和宾语从句。根据所给中文句子，本句可用宾语从句，“他乞求饶恕”为主句，“他”作主语，译为“he”，“祈求”作谓语，用动词beg，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“饶恕”作宾语，译为forgiveness，“他的所作所为”为宾语从句，“他”作主语，译为“he”，“所作所为”描述过去的过去，用过去完成时，译为“had done”，缺少宾语，用what引导。故翻译为He begged forgiveness for what he had done. 8. 我英语很好，这对与外国人交流有很大的帮助。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I have a good command in English, which is helpful for me to communicate with foreigners. 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，“我英语很好”为I have a good command in English，为主句，“这对与外国人交流有很大的帮助”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which来引导定语从句，“对某人有很大的帮助”为be helpful for；“与某人交流”为communicate with sb。 故整句翻译为：I have a good command in English, which is helpful for me to communicate with foreigners. 9. 他们买了一套带有泳池的大房子。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They bought a big house which/that has a swimming pool. 【详解】考查时态、定语从句、形容词。表示“他们”用they，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写。表示“买”用buy，本句描述过去的动作，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。表示“大的”用形容词big，作前置定语，修饰名词“房子”。表示“房子”用house，作宾语。此处泛指“一套带有泳池的大房子”，且big以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a修饰。表示“带有泳池的”用定语从句，先行词是house，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导，表示“有”用have，从句描述一般事实，句子时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数has，表示“一个泳池”用a swimming pool，作has的宾语。故翻译为They bought a big house which/that has a swimming pool. 10. 获得一等奖的人是一个 15 岁的男孩。(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The person who won (the) first prize is a fifteen-year-old boy. 【详解】考查名词，动词，形容词，短语，连词和时态。表示“获得”应用动词win；表示“一等奖”应用短语(the) first prize；表示“人”应用名词person；表示“是”应用be动词；表示“一个 15 岁的男孩”应用短语a fifteen-year-old boy；表示“获得一等奖的”是“人”的定语，用定语从句的结构，先行词是person，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导；“获得”是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。这句话的主句是描述现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时，be动词用is。故翻译为The person who won (the) first prize is a fifteen-year-old boy. II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·云南文山·开学考试)The Spring Festival Gala, also known as Chunwan, is a highly-anticipated(期待) annual(每年的) television show in China. It is broadcast live(现场直播) on China Central Television (CCTV) on the eve of the Chinese New Year, attracting billions of viewers both at home and abroad. This grand show is a blend(融合) of various art forms, including singing, dancing, comedy sketches(喜剧小品), acrobatics(杂技), and traditional Chinese opera. Each performance is carefully crafted to showcase the charm(魅力) of Chinese culture and the joy of the New Year. For example, the dance performances often feature traditional Chinese costumes(服装) and choreography(舞蹈编排), vividly presenting the long-standing cultural heritage. The comedy sketches, with their humorous language and vivid portrayals(描述) of daily life, bring laughter and warmth to the audience. The Spring Festival Gala not only serves as a form of entertainment(娱乐) but also as a cultural symbol. It plays a crucial role in uniting families during the New Year. As people gather around the TV to watch the show, it creates a festive and harmonious atmosphere. Moreover, the gala also reflects the development and changes of society. Through the performances, we can catch a glimpse of the country’s progress in different fields, from technology to culture. In conclusion, the Spring Festival Gala is more than just a TV show; it is a cultural feast that enriches our spiritual life and strengthens our sense of national identity. 1. When is the Spring Festival Gala broadcast? A. On New Year’s Day. B. On the eve of the Chinese New Year. C. In the middle of the Chinese New Year holiday. D. On the last day of the Chinese New Year. 2. What can we infer from the fact that the Spring Festival Gala reflects the development and changes of society? A. The shows in the gala are always the same. B. The performances in the gala are related to the current situation of the country. C. The gala has nothing to do with modern technology. D. The comedy sketches in the gala only focus on old-fashioned stories. 3. What is the main idea of the passage? A. To introduce the history of the Spring Festival Gala. B. To describe the performers in the Spring Festival Gala. C. To explain the importance of traditional Chinese opera in the Spring Festival Gala. D. To introduce the Spring Festival Gala as a cultural and entertaining event. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an art form in the Spring Festival Gala? A. Magic shows. B. Singing. C. Comedy sketches. D. Acrobatics. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. A 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍春节联欢晚会在中国新年除夕直播，融合多种艺术形式，兼具娱乐性与文化意义，能反映社会发展，是文化盛宴。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“It is broadcast live (现场直播) on China Central Television (CCTV) on the eve of the Chinese New Year, attracting billions of viewers both at home and abroad.(它在中国新年的前夕由中央电视台现场直播，吸引了国内外数十亿观众)”可知，春节联欢晚会在中国新年的前夕播出。故选B项。 2. 推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Through the performances, we can catch a glimpse of the country’s progress in different fields, from technology to culture.(通过这些表演，我们可以瞥见国家在从技术到文化等不同领域的进步)”可知，春晚的表演与国家的现状相关，反映了社会的发展和变化。故选B项。 3. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇介绍了春节联欢晚会的播出时间及受众，接着介绍了其融合的多种艺术形式，强调它不仅是娱乐节目，更是文化象征，还能反映社会发展变化，最后总结它是丰富精神生活、增强民族认同感的文化盛宴。所以文章整体围绕春节联欢晚会作为文化和娱乐活动展开介绍。故选D项。 4. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“This grand show is a blend (融合) of various art forms, including singing, dancing, comedy sketches (喜剧小品), acrobatics (杂技), and traditional Chinese opera.(这场盛大的演出融合了多种艺术形式，包括唱歌、跳舞、喜剧小品、杂技和中国传统戏曲)”可知，文中未提及魔术表演。故选A项。 III.完形填空 (24-25高一上·全国·课后作业)Jenna had graduated from middle school and was ready for new 1 in high school. 2 , high school was different. In the first week, Jenna tried out for a cheerleading team. She 3 very excellent girls, and she knew it would be difficult for her to be chosen. Two hours later, the judge(裁判) 4 a list of the girls for the second try-out. Her name wasn’t on the list. Feeling 5 , she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework. 6 home, she started with math. She had always been a good math student, but now she was 7 . She moved on to English and history, and was 8 to find that she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects. Feeling better, she decided not to 9 math for the time being. The next day in   10 class, Jenna spent most of her time working out the problems that had given her so much 11 . By the end of class, she finally got the answers. As she gathered(收拢)her books, Jenna 12 she’d continue to try to fit in at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 13 . High school was just as her mom had said, "You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 14 a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 15 fish you can be." 1. A. courses B. decisions C. challenges D. exercises 2. A. So B. However C. Therefore D. Besides 3. A. fought B. connected C. beat D. encouraged 4. A. pronounced B. forgot C. saw D. heard 5. A. strange B. happy C. sad D. lonely 6. A. Arriving B. Going C. Staying D. Leaving 7. A. struggling B. improving C. working D. continuing 8. A. anxious B. disappointed C. scared D. relaxed 9. A. work with B. prepare for C. worry about D. give up 10. A. physics B. history C. English D. math 11. A. pleasure B. hope C. trouble D. courage 12. A. decided B. accepted C. refused D. felt 13. A. swim B. try C. ask D. travel 14. A. in exchange for B. in case of C. in terms of D. instead of 15. A. thinnest B. smallest C. best D. gentlest 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了刚上高中的詹娜在学习和生活上所遇到的挑战以及她是如何应对这些挑战的。 1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：詹娜已经中学毕业，准备迎接高中的新挑战。A. courses课程；B. decisions决定；C. challenges挑战；D. exercises锻炼。根据常识以及最后一段中的 challenge可知，初中毕业的詹娜准备迎接高中的新挑战，故选C。 2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，高中是截然不同的。A. So所以；B. However然而；C. Therefore因此；D. Besides况且。上一句“Jenna had graduated from middle school and was ready for new in high school.”说詹娜已经中学毕业，准备迎接高中的新挑战，空后“high school was different.”又说高中是截然不同的，前后是转折关系，故选B。 3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她和非常优秀的女孩竞争，她知道自己很难被选中。A. fought战斗、与……竞争；B. connected连接；C. beat击败；D. encouraged鼓励。根据空后的“and she knew it would be difficult for her to be chosen. ”可知，詹娜知道自己很难被选中，这说明她要和非常优秀的女孩竞争，故选A。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：两个小时后，裁判公布了第二次试训的女孩名单。她的名字不在其中。A. pronounced发音、公布；B. forgot忘记；C. saw看见；D. heard听。根据“Her name wasn’t on the list. ”可知，詹娜的名字不在其中，这说明裁判公布了第二次试训的女孩名单，故选A。 5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她很伤心，背着装满作业的书包走回家。A. strange奇怪的；B. happy开心的；C. sad伤心的；D. lonely孤单的。根据“Her name wasn’t on the list. ”可知，詹娜没有进入第二次试训的女孩名单，所以她很伤心，故选C。 6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：回到家后，她开始做数学作业。A. Arriving到达；B. Going走、回家；C. Staying停留、呆在某地 ；D. Leaving离开。根据上文“ she walked home carrying her schoolbag full of homework”可知，到家后她开始写作业，故选A。 7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的数学一直很好，但现在她很吃力。A. struggling努力、费力做某事；B. improving改进；C. working工作；D. continuing继续。根据上文“She had always been a good math student”以及表示转折的but可知，她的数学一直很好，但现在她很吃力，故选A。 8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：接着，她写英语和历史作业，发现她在这些科目上没有任何问题，这让她感到放松一些。A.anxious焦虑的；B. disappointed失望的；C. scared害怕的； D. relaxed放松的。根据“ she didn’t have any trouble with those subjects”可知，发现她在英语和历史上没有任何问题，这自然会让她感到放松一些，故选D。 9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：感觉好多了，她决定暂时不去担心数学。A. work with忙着做；B. prepare for为……做准备；C. worry about担心：D. give up放弃。根据“Feeling better”可知，感觉好多了，她决定暂时不去担心学得比较吃力的数学，故选C。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二天的数学课上，詹娜把大部分时间都花在了解那些一直困扰她的难题上。A. physics物理；B. history历史；C. English英语；D. math数学。根据上文“She had always been a good math student, but now she was . ”可知，以前詹娜的数学一直很好，但现在她很吃力，所以在数学课上，她花了很长时间来解困扰她的数学难题，故选D。 11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. pleasure高兴；B. hope希望；C. trouble麻烦；D. courage勇气。根据上文“She had always been a good math student, but now she was .”可知，以前詹娜的数学一直很好，但现在她很吃力，所以数学题给她带来了很大的麻烦，故选C。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当她收拾书本时，詹娜决定继续努力融入她的新学校。A. decided决定；B. accepted接受；C. refused拒绝；D. felt感觉。根据“she’d continue to try to fit in at her new school.”可知，詹娜决定继续努力融入她的新学校，故选A。 13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不确定自己是否会成功，但她知道她必须尝试。A. swim游泳；B. try尝试、努力；C. ask问；D. travel旅行。根据“She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but ”可知，她不确定自己是否会成功，但她知道她必须尝试一下，故选B。 14. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：你会觉得自己是大池塘里的一条小鱼，而不是小池塘里的一条大鱼。A. in exchange for作为交换；B. in case of以防；C. in terms of就……而言；D. instead of而不是。a small fish in a big pond与a big fish in a small pond是两种相反的情况，故选D。 15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：挑战在于成为你能成为的最好的鱼。A. thinnest最瘦的；B. smallest最小的；C. best最好的； D. gentlest最温柔的。根据“fish you can be.”可知，挑战在于成为你能成为的最好的鱼，故选C。 IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·云南昭通·开学考试)Videos of 78-year-old Xu Xiuzhen, 1 speaks different languages while working on a scenic spot selling water and postcards, have won her instant fame. 2 (locate) at the base of Moon Hill, Xu’s village is a popular tourist destination famous for a moon-shaped hole. She has been working as a tour guide in Yangshuo, 3 county(县) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. 4 (support) her family, Xu dropped out of junior school and many years later began to learn different languages in order to attract more foreign visitors. Xu said she would change words in any language 5 Chinese characters based on their pronunciation and then memorize them. Repeating the words in her head before going to bed and immediately after 6 (wake) up has given her fluency in basic conversations with foreigners. Over the past two decades, Xu 7 (teach) herself eleven foreign languages, including English, Spanish and Korean. In addition to making her incredibly popular, her linguistic skills have made 8 easier for her to communicate with foreign tourists. Xu has also become one of the 9 (busy) tour guides in Yangshuo. Her reputation draws a large crowd of tourists every day, especially foreign visitors, who come to meet the multilingual(说多种语言的) guide out of 10 (admire). 【答案】 1. who 2. Located 3. a 4. To support 5. into/to 6. waking 7. has taught 8. it 9. busiest 10. admiration 【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了78岁的徐秀珍因说不同国家的语言而走红的故事。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：78岁的徐秀珍在景区卖水和明信片时能说多种语言，相关视频让她迅速走红。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词是Xu Xiuzhen，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 2. 考查非谓语。句意：徐秀珍所在的村庄位于月亮山脚下，是一个以月亮形状的山洞而闻名的热门旅游目的地。句子已有谓语动词is，locate与逻辑主语village之间是被动关系，再由句意可知，应用过去分词作状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Located。 3. 考查冠词。句意：她一直在广西壮族自治区的阳朔县做导游。此处表示“一个县”，是泛指，应用不定冠词，county以辅音音素开头。故填a。 4. 考查非谓语。句意：为了养家，徐秀珍初中辍学，多年后为了吸引更多外国游客，她开始学习不同的语言。句子已有谓语动词dropped out和began，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填To support。 5. 考查介词。句意：徐秀珍说，她会根据发音把任何语言的单词转换成汉字，然后记住它们。这里考查change... into/to... ，为固定短语，意为“把…… 变成……”。故填 into或to。 6. 考查非谓语。句意：睡前和醒来后立即在脑海中重复这些单词，使她能够流利地与外国人进行基本对话。after为介词，后接动词-ing形式(动名词)作宾语。故填waking。 7. 考查时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，徐秀珍自学了十一种外语，包括英语、西班牙语和韩语。这里考查谓语动词，主语Xu与teach为主动关系，再根据时间状语Over the past two decades可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语是Xu，助动词用has。故填has taught。 8. 考查代词。句意：除了让她极受欢迎之外，她的语言技能也让她与外国游客交流变得更容易。此处应用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to communicate with foreign tourists。故填it。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：徐秀珍也成为了阳朔最忙碌的导游之一。这里考查one of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，表示“最…… 之一”。故填busiest。 10. 考查名词。句意：她的名声每天都吸引着大批游客，尤其是外国游客，他们出于钦佩而来见这位会说多种语言的导游。分析句子可知，out of为介词短语，后接名词作宾语，admire的名词形式是 admiration，为不可数名词。故填admiration。 V.应用文写作 (24-25高一下·云南·开学考试)假定你是李华，你在校英文报“Learning English”专栏看到一位署名Fish的同学求教如何提升口语。请你给他回复、进行交流。内容包括： (1)分享经验和方法； (2)提出你个人的问题并寻求帮助。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Fish, I’m rather glad to share with you how to improve spoken English. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Fish, I’m rather glad to share with you how to improve spoken English. First, practice makes perfect. Try to speak English as much as possible, even if it’s just to yourself. Joining an English club or finding a language partner can also provide more opportunities to converse. Listening to English podcasts, music, and watching movies in English can help you get familiar with native pronunciation and intonation. Imitating their speech can further enhance your accent. Additionally, don’t be afraid to make mistakes. Learning is a process, and every mistake is a step towards improvement. Now, I have a question for you. Do you have any tips on how to remember new vocabulary effectively? I often forget words shortly after learning them. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。考生在校英文报“Learning English”专栏看到一位署名Fish的同学求教如何提升口语，要求考生按照要求给他回复、进行交流。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即使：even if → even though 机会：opportunity → chance 交谈：converse → communicate 建议：tip → suggestion 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Listening to English podcasts, music, and watching movies in English can help you get familiar with native pronunciation and intonation. 拓展句：It is listening to English podcasts, music, and watching movies in English that can help you get familiar with native pronunciation and intonation. 【点睛】 【高分句型1】Try to speak English as much as possible, even if it’s just to yourself.(运用了不定式to speak作宾语、even if引导的让步状语从句) 【高分句型2】Imitating their speech can further enhance your accent.(运用了动名词Imitating作主语) 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$