(复习部分)专题05 形容词、副词、介词、情态动词和连词-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（译林版2020）

专题05 形容词、副词、介词、情态动词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 形容词 、 副词 ) 一.形容词副词的转化 1.在形容词后加-ly。 quick → quickly calm → calmly brave → bravely clear → clearly 2.以-y结尾的形容词，先将y变为-i，再加-ly。 easy → easily heavy → heavily busy → busily happy → happily 3.以-le结尾的形容词，去-加-y。 gentle → gently terrible → terribly comfortable → comfortably 注意：有些词后加ly构成形容词。如:friendly(友好的), lively(活跃热情的), lovely(可爱的), lonely(孤独的)。 二.形容词、副词的基本用法 1. 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。 2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, (ever)since, in case等。 He is old. He works hard, though.＝Though he is old, he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 4. can not/never与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。 —I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. ——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。 —You can never be too careful in the street. ——在大街上你越小心越好。 三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (一)比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化 (1)规则变化 单音 节词 及少 数双 音节 词 词尾情况 词尾加法 例词 一般情况 直接加-er, -est young--younger--youngest fas--faster--fastest 以不发音的字母-e结尾的词 在词尾加-r, -st large--larger--largest 以重读闭音节结尾的词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est fat--fatter--fattest big--bigger--biggest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 将-y变为-i,再加-er, -est easy--easier--easiest dirty--dirtier--dirtiest 其他双音节词及多音节词 在词前加more, most delicious--more delicious--most delicious (2)不规则变化 形容词原级 副词原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的), well(健康的) well(好) better best bad, ill badly worse worst many, much much more most little(小的, 不严重的) little(少许, 一点) less least far far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest (二)形容词、副词的比较等级的句型 平级比较 1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 The task is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项任务不是像你想像得那么难。 比较级 1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。 He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。 The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。 2. 比较级的常见结构： (1)＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。 (2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 ①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 I have more news books than my cousin. 我的新闻书比我表弟的多。 ②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 He has less water than me. 他的水比我的少。 ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 They have fewer flowers than we . 他们的花比我们的少。 3. 比较级的特殊结构 (1)The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂ Our school is cleaner and cleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。 Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 4.＂no +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂ ＂not +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。 My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。 最高级 1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 2. 最高级意义的表达法 ①the +最高级+比较范围 ②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数 ③比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译) (1)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. (2)Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. (3)Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class. (4)Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class. (5)Julia is the tallest girl in her class. ④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 四 倍数表示法 (1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B (4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ①This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. ＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 ③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 ( 考点二 介词 ) 一. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 1.介词与动词的搭配 listen to, laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend...on... 等。 2.介与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end 等。 1. 介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 等。 二. 介词的省略 1. 当表示时间的词前有 this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时，介词常省略。 Please come here next week. This week he will visit his uncle in Shanghai. 1. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”解时，前面不用介词。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away 1. 习惯搭配中介词的省略 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有: spend money/time (in) doing sth, waste money/time (in)doing sth have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, be busy doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 等。 三 常用介词易混辨析 1.表时间的介词 (1)at, in, on at 表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock，at noon，at midnight。 In 表示在某个世纪某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。 与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。 on 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用 on。如:on Monday，on Julv Ist，on Sunday morning等。 (2) since, after since since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。 I haven't heard from him since last summer. after after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用 after 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。 After five days the boy came back. He will arrive after four o’clock He returned after a month. 1. 表示地点的介词 1. at，in，on at 一般指小地方; They arrived at a small village before dark In 一般指大地方或某个范围之内 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面” The teacher put up a picture on the wall 1. over，above，on over over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。 on on 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 (3) across，through across across 的含义与on 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行 through through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。 across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。。如: (4) in front of in the front of如: In front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外; There are some tall trees in front of the building In the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。·The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom 3.表示“除了”的介词: except，except for, except that, besides, but except “除……之外”，指“不包括……”，后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格)，还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用 except except for “除了，只有”，意思和 except 一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。如果在区别前后是不同类的词语时，就用 except for except that “除了，只是"，意思和 exeept，except for 一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when，where 等词引导的其他从句。 besides 表示“除……外还有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides 可用作副词，相当于 also，有“而且，加之，何况”之意。 4.表示“用”的介词 in，with，by In 指“用”语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。 With 通常指“用”具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示“用”某种手段、音调等。 by 作介词表示“用”时，一般指“用”方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。 四、常见的介词短语 1. at+名词:表示状态 at work 在工作 at peace 处于和平状态 at war 处于战争状态 2. at 开头的介词短语 at the beginning of... 在……开头 at the same time 与此同时 at the cost of.. 以……为代价 3. on +名词:表示状态 on fire on show on business on holiday on vacation on leave on the way 4.其他的以 on 开头的介词短语 on the top of 在....上面/顶端 on behalf of 代表 5. by+名词 表示方式 by air=by plane by ship-by sca by car by train by hand 手工 by mistake 错误地 6. 以 in 开头的介词短语 in no time 立即 in place of 代替 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管 in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 7. of+名词 表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of help=helpful of importance=important of use=useful of value=valuable 有价值的 8. out of+名词 表示状态 out of date 过期 out of control 失控 out of breath上气不接下气 out of work 失业 out of sight 看不见 9. with+名词 表示方式 with joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear害怕地 ( 考点三 情态动词 ) 1. can/could ①can表示能力，意为“能够”。②can表示请求，could 表示委婉语气。③can表示许可。④can/can’t表推测，意为“可能/不可能”，常用于疑问句或否定句。⑤could sb have done...？意为“某人做过某事吗？”，couldn’t have done意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。 2. may/might ①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well“还是……好”。⑤might have done表示对过去的推测，意为“可能做了某事”。might not have done意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。 3. must ①must表示必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③must be表示对现在的推测，只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推测。 4. should ①表示推测，意为“按理说应当”。②should have done 意为“本应做而没做”，shouldn’t have done表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should (not) do sth＝ought (not) to do sth(不)应该做某事。 5. shall ①用于第一人称，表示将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人向对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 6. need/dare •dare和need用作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。 •dare和need用作实义动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to) do，如用法①④⑤。 •其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。 7. will/would ①表示意愿。②表示事物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/used to表示过去的习惯。⑤表示意愿，意志。 1.用于固定习语中 can’t/can never...too/enough (无论……也不过分；越……越好) 2. can与be able to的区别 (1)can只有一般现在时和一般过去时；be able to则有更多的时态。 3. must和have to 的区别 must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。 难点一形容词 1. So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________(qualify). 难点二 副词 This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ________(wide) used. 难点三 形容词和副词的比较等级 She ________(far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden(卧床不起的), she was still a lady, and the old deserved to be treated with respect.  难点四 倍数关系句型 During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI(人工智能) would soon reach a level where it would be a "new form of life" that would perform ________(well) than humans.  难点五 介词和介词短语 Up to now we haven’t found a cure ________ cancer. 难点六 情态动词 1. If he can ________(combination) his natural ability and hard work, he should be very successful. 2. You can’t imagine a well-behaved man ________ be so rude to a lady. (情态动词) 3. We suggest the data need ________(update) every month. 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1. Your jeans are not ________(suit) for such a formal occasion, so you’d better replace it with a suit. 2. It is ________(amaze) that the crowds gathered on the street to celebrate Christmas. 3. My little brother is always so ________(energy) that he can play football for hours without getting tired. 4. There are certain products and services that are very ________(suit) for selling online. 5. A series of studies show that heart responds well to ________(energy) exercise. 6. He worked ________(energetic) all day long and finally finished the difficult task. 7. We must identify real needs and work ________(flexible) and cooperatively. 8. Jim was bitten by a dog in the park. ________(fortune), he only got slightly injured. 9. ________(original), this novel described the development of hip-pop music. 10. The teenager ________(voluntary) signed up for the after-school tutoring programme, eager to help younger students with their studies. 11. Therefore, apart ________ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 12. The government’s quick response ________ the crisis earned public praise. 13. According ________ the report, at least seven out of ten factories discharge untreated waste water, ________ which a large amount pollutes the rivers seriously. 14. Miss Zhao, a famous expert in Chinese history, will be invited to give a lecture ________(concern)the history of the Silk Road. 15. ________ the freezing weather, the soldiers managed to reach the destination in time. 16. Parents should ________(equipment)their children with the skills they need to face future challenges. 17. Users can ________(filter) posts by date or relevance. 18. I should ________(apology) for failing to keep my promise. 19. You can either ________(solution) the problem by yourself, or seek help from your classmates. 20. You should ________(apology) to her for what you have done. II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·河北衡水·开学考试)Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond(反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol(皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D. student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 1. Why did volunteers in the study do public speaking and math tasks? A. To test their social skills. B. To see how dogs would help them. C. To show their ability to reduce pressure. D. To raise their stress and cortisol levels. 2. What happened when dogs smelled stress in the study? A. Their response was faster. B. They stayed away from their owners. C. They focused less on food. D. They barked to warn owners of danger. 3. What might be the reason dogs developed the ability to sense stress? A. To avoid danger. B. To protect their food. C. To hunt more effectively. D. To better understand humans. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A guidebook for dog training. B. A scientific research report. C. A newspaper about animal adventures. D. A magazine about wildlife protection. III.完形填空 (24-25高三下·江苏南通·开学考试)One winter evening, I was driving home through a snowstorm. Suddenly, I noticed a vehicle 1 me. I found it somewhat disturbing, but I didn’t give it much thought. Then, without warning, my tyre burst with a(n) 2 bang! I wrestled with the steering wheel to maintain 3 and carefully pulled off the road, my heart pounding. I 4 on my hazard lights, hoping for assistance. To my astonishment, the car behind me also 5 . A man swiftly emerged from the driver’s seat. He came over to my car and inquired if I was unharmed. Still in a state of shock, I nodded 6 . Without a moment’s hesitation, he got down to 7 . He took out a spare 8 from my trunk and began the task of replacing the 9 one. Despite the terrible weather, he worked with remarkable precision and 10 . Once he had finished, he 11 his hands on a cloth and remarked, “I was planning to 12 two kilometres back. But something about that tyre seemed 13 to me. I’m glad I decided to follow you along the way. You never know what might happen on a night like this.” I was overwhelmed with gratitude. I thanked him sincerely, but he just smiled 14 and said, “No problem. Just be careful out there.” He got back into his car and drove away, leaving me with a profound sense of 15 for his selflessness. As I continued my journey, the snow continued to fall, but the road seemed a little less daunting. 1. A. stopping B. tailing C. screaming D. dismissing 2. A. amazing B. eye-catching C. deafening D. wide-ranging 3. A. control B. speed C. energy D. level 4. A. leaned B. pointed C. bounced D. switched 5. A. pulled down B. took over C. pulled over D. got down 6. A. literally B. weakly C. definitely D. vigorously 7. A. business B. chores C. ground D. reality 8. A. seat B. wheel C. light D. tyre 9. A. flat B. solid C. odd D. repaired 10. A. outlook B. fantasy C. efficiency D. vitality 11. A. shook B. wiped C. wrapped D. clapped 12. A. flee B. exit C. flash D. slide 13. A. off B. in C. out D. down 14. A. rigidly B. scarcely C. exclusively D. modestly 15. A. permission B. anticipation C. competence D. admiration IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)My high school life was a very fulfilling one. Besides studying in class, I got a part-time job at a local coffee shop 1 location was not far from our school. I hoped it would be easy, and for the most part, without any 2 (tense). I imagined myself pouring coffee and becoming close friends with my customers. But what I hadn’t expected was the people with so many orders and the moments when I couldn’t seem to please anyone. There was always too much sugar, too little ice, or not enough skim milk. However, I kept at it. I had the determination 3 (treat) the customers well. One customer was angry and shouted at me because his coffee was hot. After he 4 (reflect) on the matter for some time, 5 (incredible) he said he regretted and 6 not have shouted at me because it was not my fault. One day with Christmas around 7 corner, one of my customers dropped in, seeming very sad. I thought I had better 8 (offer) him something to improve his mood. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He looked at me questioningly because he had ordered nothing but the coffee. He opened the bag and saw his favourite doughnut(甜甜圈) I had offered to him. He smiled and thanked me before stepping out into the rain. The next evening, he came. Instead of ordering something, he handed me a single pink rose and a note. “Thanks for being so sweet and considerate yesterday. Your kind act prevented me 9 taking a bad step. It is so nice to meet someone who is warm.” As time went on, I came across some customers really particular. But whenever I felt down, I would remember that man and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you?” The 10 (exist) of myself was to make others live better. V.应用文写作 (24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试)假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举行以友谊为主题的英文征文比赛。请积极向校英文报投稿参赛。要点需包含： 1. 你对友谊的理解；2. 你体验友谊的一次经历。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Friendship ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题05 形容词、副词、介词、情态动词 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点+高考考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺 难点强化：难点内容标注与讲解，能力提升 复习提升：真题感知+提升专练，全面突破 核心考点聚焦 ( 考点一 形容词 、 副词 ) 一.形容词副词的转化 1.在形容词后加-ly。 quick → quickly calm → calmly brave → bravely clear → clearly 2.以-y结尾的形容词，先将y变为-i，再加-ly。 easy → easily heavy → heavily busy → busily happy → happily 3.以-le结尾的形容词，去-加-y。 gentle → gently terrible → terribly comfortable → comfortably 注意：有些词后加ly构成形容词。如:friendly(友好的), lively(活跃热情的), lovely(可爱的), lonely(孤独的)。 二.形容词、副词的基本用法 1. 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。 After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired. 经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。 2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, (ever)since, in case等。 He is old. He works hard, though.＝Though he is old, he works hard. 虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。 3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。 Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。 Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。 4. can not/never与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。 —I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. ——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。 —You can never be too careful in the street. ——在大街上你越小心越好。 三.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 (一)比较级和最高级规则变化和不规则变化 (1)规则变化 单音 节词 及少 数双 音节 词 词尾情况 词尾加法 例词 一般情况 直接加-er, -est young--younger--youngest fas--faster--fastest 以不发音的字母-e结尾的词 在词尾加-r, -st large--larger--largest 以重读闭音节结尾的词，且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er, -est fat--fatter--fattest big--bigger--biggest 以辅音字母+y结尾的词 将-y变为-i,再加-er, -est easy--easier--easiest dirty--dirtier--dirtiest 其他双音节词及多音节词 在词前加more, most delicious--more delicious--most delicious (2)不规则变化 形容词原级 副词原级 比较级 最高级 good(好的), well(健康的) well(好) better best bad, ill badly worse worst many, much much more most little(小的, 不严重的) little(少许, 一点) less least far far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest (二)形容词、副词的比较等级的句型 平级比较 1.＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。 Teaching is as much an art as it is a science.教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。 2.＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两 部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。 The task is not as/so difficult as you imagine.这项任务不是像你想像得那么难。 比较级 1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。 He is much taller than Yao Ming.他比姚明高多了。 The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。 2. 比较级的常见结构： (1)＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。 You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。 She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。 (2)由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级 ①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词 I have more news books than my cousin. 我的新闻书比我表弟的多。 ②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词 He has less water than me. 他的水比我的少。 ③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词 They have fewer flowers than we . 他们的花比我们的少。 3. 比较级的特殊结构 (1)The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级) The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make. 你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂ Our school is cleaner and cleaner. 我们的校园越来越干净。 Our city becomes more and more beautiful. 我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。 3.＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。 The taller of the two boys is my brother.两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。 4.＂no +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂ ＂not +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者 You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。 My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。 最高级 1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。 2. 最高级意义的表达法 ①the +最高级+比较范围 ②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数 ③比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋anyone else 比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词 eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译) (1)Julia is taller than any other girl in her class. (2)Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class. (3)Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class. (4)Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class. (5)Julia is the tallest girl in her class. ④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。 There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends. 为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。 四 倍数表示法 (1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B (4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句 ①This building is three times higher than that one. This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one. 这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。 ②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008. ＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008. 今年的产量是2008年的三倍。 ③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before. 自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。 ( 考点二 介词 ) 一. 介词的固定搭配 介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。 1.介词与动词的搭配 listen to, laugh at, get to, look for, wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend...on... 等。 2.介与名词的搭配 on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end 等。 1. 介词与形容词的搭配 be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for 等。 二. 介词的省略 1. 当表示时间的词前有 this, that, next, last, every, each, some, any, all等时，介词常省略。 Please come here next week. This week he will visit his uncle in Shanghai. 1. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”解时，前面不用介词。 An apple a day keeps the doctor away 1. 习惯搭配中介词的省略 一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常省略，常见的此类搭配有: spend money/time (in) doing sth, waste money/time (in)doing sth have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth, be busy doing sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth 等。 三 常用介词易混辨析 1.表时间的介词 (1)at, in, on at 表示时间点用at。例如:at six o’clock，at noon，at midnight。 In 表示在某个世纪某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。如:in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。 与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。 on 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用 on。如:on Monday，on Julv Ist，on Sunday morning等。 (2) since, after since since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。 I haven't heard from him since last summer. after after 词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用 after 与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after 与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。 After five days the boy came back. He will arrive after four o’clock He returned after a month. 1. 表示地点的介词 1. at，in，on at 一般指小地方; They arrived at a small village before dark In 一般指大地方或某个范围之内 He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面” The teacher put up a picture on the wall 1. over，above，on over over 表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。 on on 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。 (3) across，through across across 的含义与on 有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行 through through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。 across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。。如: (4) in front of in the front of如: In front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外; There are some tall trees in front of the building In the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。·The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom 3.表示“除了”的介词: except，except for, except that, besides, but except “除……之外”，指“不包括……”，后面常接名词、代词(人称代词常用宾格)，还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用 except except for “除了，只有”，意思和 except 一样，主要指说明基本情况后，而在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。如果在区别前后是不同类的词语时，就用 except for except that “除了，只是"，意思和 exeept，except for 一样。但在用法上，其后常接名词性从句，也可接when，where 等词引导的其他从句。 besides 表示“除……外还有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides 可用作副词，相当于 also，有“而且，加之，何况”之意。 4.表示“用”的介词 in，with，by In 指“用”语言、字体、墨水、体裁、风格、方式、现金、顺序等。 With 通常指“用”具体的或有形的工具、器官等，有时也表示“用”某种手段、音调等。 by 作介词表示“用”时，一般指“用”方式、手段等。后面常接动名词或名词，后面接名词时，该名词前面一般不加修饰语。 四、常见的介词短语 1. at+名词:表示状态 at work 在工作 at peace 处于和平状态 at war 处于战争状态 2. at 开头的介词短语 at the beginning of... 在……开头 at the same time 与此同时 at the cost of.. 以……为代价 3. on +名词:表示状态 on fire on show on business on holiday on vacation on leave on the way 4.其他的以 on 开头的介词短语 on the top of 在....上面/顶端 on behalf of 代表 5. by+名词 表示方式 by air=by plane by ship-by sca by car by train by hand 手工 by mistake 错误地 6. 以 in 开头的介词短语 in no time 立即 in place of 代替 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管 in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 7. of+名词 表示特征(等于相应的形容词) of help=helpful of importance=important of use=useful of value=valuable 有价值的 8. out of+名词 表示状态 out of date 过期 out of control 失控 out of breath上气不接下气 out of work 失业 out of sight 看不见 9. with+名词 表示方式 with joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear害怕地 ( 考点三 情态动词 ) 1. can/could ①can表示能力，意为“能够”。②can表示请求，could 表示委婉语气。③can表示许可。④can/can’t表推测，意为“可能/不可能”，常用于疑问句或否定句。⑤could sb have done...？意为“某人做过某事吗？”，couldn’t have done意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。 2. may/might ①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well“还是……好”。⑤might have done表示对过去的推测，意为“可能做了某事”。might not have done意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。 3. must ①must表示必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③must be表示对现在的推测，只用于肯定句，意为“一定”。④must表示“非要，偏偏”。⑤must have done表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t表示禁止，不表示推测。 4. should ①表示推测，意为“按理说应当”。②should have done 意为“本应做而没做”，shouldn’t have done表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表示“竟然”。④should (not) do sth＝ought (not) to do sth(不)应该做某事。 5. shall ①用于第一人称，表示将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表示请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人向对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 6. need/dare •dare和need用作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加not，如用法②和③。 •dare和need用作实义动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果用于疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词do/does，且其后要加(to) do，如用法①④⑤。 •其用法简单总结为：有助有to，无助无to。 7. will/would ①表示意愿。②表示事物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④would/used to表示过去的习惯。⑤表示意愿，意志。 1.用于固定习语中 can’t/can never...too/enough (无论……也不过分；越……越好) 2. can与be able to的区别 (1)can只有一般现在时和一般过去时；be able to则有更多的时态。 3. must和have to 的区别 must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。 难点一形容词 1. So eager was she to be a crew member that she overcame many difficulties and ultimately became ________(qualify). 【答案】qualified　 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是如此渴望成为一名船员，她克服了许多困难，最终变得合格。系动词became后接形容词作表语。主语是人，所以用-ed形式形容词。 难点二 副词 This is especially true in countries where traditional medicines are ________(wide) used. 【答案】widely　 【详解】考查副词。句意：在广泛使用传统药物的国家尤其如此。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处用副词widely，表示“广泛地”，作状语，修饰used。 难点三 形容词和副词的比较等级 She ________(far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden(卧床不起的), she was still a lady, and the old deserved to be treated with respect.  【答案】further 【详解】句意:她进一步解释道,尽管这个女人年迈且卧床不起,可她仍然是一位女士,而且老年人应该受到尊重。此处表示"进一步解释",指程度,应用far的比较级further。 难点四 倍数关系句型 During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI(人工智能) would soon reach a level where it would be a "new form of life" that would perform ________(well) than humans.  【答案】better 【详解】此处表示比人类表现得更出色。根据语境及空后的than可知,空处应填比较级,well的比较级是better。 难点五 介词和介词短语 Up to now we haven’t found a cure ________ cancer. 【答案】for 【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：到目前为止，我们还没有找到治疗癌症的方法。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查a cure for，表示“一个治疗……的方法”的意思。故填for。 难点六 情态动词 1. If he can ________(combination) his natural ability and hard work, he should be very successful. 【答案】combine 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果他能把自己的天赋和努力工作结合起来，他一定会很成功。本句缺少谓语，故此处需要填动词形式，且can后跟动词原形，故填combine。 2. You can’t imagine a well-behaved man ________ be so rude to a lady. (情态动词) 【答案】should 【详解】考查should用法。句意：你无法想象一个彬彬有礼的男人竟然对一位女士如此粗鲁。结合句意可知，此处表示“竟然”，使用情态动词should，故填should。 3. We suggest the data need ________(update) every month. 【答案】to be updated/updating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们建议数据需要每月更新。结合句意可知，data和update是被动关系，所以应用need to be done形式，即to be updated，表示“需要被更新”；也可以用need doing，主动表被动，所以也可以用updating，表示“需要更新”。故填to be updated/updating。 提升专练 I.单句语法填空 1. Your jeans are not ________(suit) for such a formal occasion, so you’d better replace it with a suit. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你的牛仔裤不适合这样正式的场合，所以你最好换上一套西装。此处为形容词作表语，be suitable for为固定短语，意为“适合于”，所以用suit的形容词形式suitable，意为“合适的”。故填suitable。 2. It is ________(amaze) that the crowds gathered on the street to celebrate Christmas. 【答案】amazing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：令人惊讶的是，人群聚集在街上庆祝圣诞节。此处作表语，说明主语It(指代后面的that从句)的性质，应用-ing结尾的形容词amazing“令人惊讶的”。故填amazing。 3. My little brother is always so ________(energy) that he can play football for hours without getting tired. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：我的小弟弟总是精力充沛，他踢足球能持续好几个小时而从不感到疲倦。作表语，用形容词energetic，故填energetic。 4. There are certain products and services that are very ________(suit) for selling online. 【答案】suitable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：有些产品和服务非常适合在网上销售。根据are可知，此处应用形容词suitable表示“适合的”作表语。故填suitable。 5. A series of studies show that heart responds well to ________(energy) exercise. 【答案】energetic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：一系列研究表明，心脏对充满能量的运动反应良好。根据exercise可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词。energy的形容词形式为energetic，意为“精力充沛的，充满活力的”，符合语境。故填energetic。 6. He worked ________(energetic) all day long and finally finished the difficult task. 【答案】energetically 【详解】考查副词。句意：他整日都精力充沛地工作着，最终完成了这项艰巨的任务。修饰动词work用副词energetically，故填energetically。 7. We must identify real needs and work ________(flexible) and cooperatively. 【答案】flexibly 【详解】考查副词。句意：我们必须确定真正的需要，灵活合作地开展工作。此处与cooperatively为并列关系，作状语修饰动词work，flexible的副词flexibly意为“灵活地”。故填flexibly。 8. Jim was bitten by a dog in the park. ________(fortune), he only got slightly injured. 【答案】Fortunately 【详解】考查副词。句意：Jim在公园被狗咬伤了。幸运的是，他只是受了轻伤。根据空后he only got slightly injured可知，空处需用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，fortune的副词形式为fortunately“幸运地”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Fortunately。 9. ________(original), this novel described the development of hip-pop music. 【答案】Originally 【详解】考查副词。句意：这本小说最初描述的是嘻哈音乐的发展。空格处用副词作状语，修饰整个句子，original的副词是originally，意为“最初”，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Originally。 10. The teenager ________(voluntary) signed up for the after-school tutoring programme, eager to help younger students with their studies. 【答案】voluntarily 11. Therefore, apart ________ being fun and good exercise, swimming is a very useful skill. 【答案】from 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：因此，除了有趣和是很好的锻炼之外，游泳还是一项非常有用的技能。根据句意可知，此处表示“除……之外”，需用固定短语apart from。该短语具有双重含义，既可以表示“除……之外(还有)”，也可表示“除……之外(排除)”，此处符合语境。故填from。 12. The government’s quick response ________ the crisis earned public praise. 【答案】to 【详解】考查介词。句意：政府对危机的快速反应赢得了公众的赞誉。“对……的反应”常用固定搭配response to sth.，其中to为介词。故填to。 13. According ________ the report, at least seven out of ten factories discharge untreated waste water, ________ which a large amount pollutes the rivers seriously. 【答案】to; of 【解析】略 14. Miss Zhao, a famous expert in Chinese history, will be invited to give a lecture ________(concern)the history of the Silk Road. 【答案】concerning 15. ________ the freezing weather, the soldiers managed to reach the destination in time. 【答案】Despite 16. Parents should ________(equipment)their children with the skills they need to face future challenges. 【答案】equip 17. Users can ________(filter) posts by date or relevance. 【答案】filter 【详解】考查动词。句意：用户可以按日期或相关性过滤帖子。位于情态动词can后，需接动词原形filter“过滤”。故填filter。 18. I should ________(apology) for failing to keep my promise. 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】考查动词。句意：我应该为没有遵守诺言而道歉。should后接动词原形，apology的动词为apologize/apologise意为“道歉”。故填apologize/apologise。 19. You can either ________(solution) the problem by yourself, or seek help from your classmates. 【答案】solve 【详解】考查动词。句意：你可以自己解决这个问题，也可以向同学寻求帮助。情态动词can后应接动词原形，solution为名词，意为“解决办法”，其动词形式为solve，意为“解决”，此处应用solve的原形。故填solve。 20. You should ________(apology) to her for what you have done. 【答案】apologize/apologise 【详解】考查动词。句意：你应该为你所做的事向她道歉。根据上文should可知应填动词原形apologize或apologise。 II.阅读理解 (24-25高一下·河北衡水·开学考试)Dogs have been humans’ best friends for thousands of years, and their ability to understand us goes more than just following orders. Dogs are really good at understanding how humans feel. They’ve learned to pick up on words and facial expressions from humans. A recent study has shown that dogs can actually smell human stress and respond(反应) to it in ways that suggest a close relationship with us humans. This interesting discovery throws light on how deeply close our lives have become with our dog friends. So, can dogs really smell stress? The answer is yes! Researchers at the University of Bristol did a study where they found that dogs can sense stress through a chemical called cortisol(皮质醇) in our sweat. This ability allows them to respond emotionally to human stress. In the study, 18 volunteers and their dogs took part. These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat. When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position, as if they thought there was no food in those bowls. It seems that dogs can really feel the stress of humans and their own feelings can be affected, too. This shows that humans and dogs have a very deep connection, where emotions can spread between us like a wave. Then how did dogs develop such ability to sense stress? Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk. As Zoe Parr-Cortes, lead study author and a Ph.D. student at Bristol Veterinary School, said, “Being able to sense stress from another member of the pack was likely beneficial.” 1. Why did volunteers in the study do public speaking and math tasks? A. To test their social skills. B. To see how dogs would help them. C. To show their ability to reduce pressure. D. To raise their stress and cortisol levels. 2. What happened when dogs smelled stress in the study? A. Their response was faster. B. They stayed away from their owners. C. They focused less on food. D. They barked to warn owners of danger. 3. What might be the reason dogs developed the ability to sense stress? A. To avoid danger. B. To protect their food. C. To hunt more effectively. D. To better understand humans. 4. Where is this text probably taken from? A. A guidebook for dog training. B. A scientific research report. C. A newspaper about animal adventures. D. A magazine about wildlife protection. 【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了狗能嗅出人类的压力这一有趣的发现。文章介绍了相关的研究过程、狗的这种能力对其生存的意义等内容，说明狗与人类之间有着深厚的情感联系。 1. 细节理解题。根据第三段“These volunteers went through public speaking and took tests of solving difficult math problems without any preparation. Their worry made more cortisol appear in their sweat.(这些志愿者在没有任何准备的情况下进行公开演讲和解决数学难题的测试。他们的担忧使汗液中出现了更多的皮质醇)”可知，让志愿者做这些是为了增加他们的压力和皮质醇水平。故选D。 2. 细节理解题。 根据第三段“When the dogs smelled this stressed sweat, they felt less curious and showed less interest in a food bowl in an uncertain position(当狗闻到这种有压力的汗液时，它们的好奇心降低，对位置不确定的食物碗也不那么感兴趣了)”可知，狗闻到压力时，对食物的关注度会降低。故选C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Well, it might be because sensing stress helped dogs survive in the past. If they could tell when another member of their group was worried and stressed, they knew they might be at risk.(嗯，这可能是因为感知压力有助于狗在过去生存。如果它们能判断出群体中的另一个成员何时感到担忧和压力，它们就知道自己可能处于危险之中)”可知，狗发展出感知压力的能力可能是为了避免危险。故选A。 4. 推理判断题。主要讲述了狗能嗅出人类的压力这一有趣的发现。文章介绍了相关的研究过程、狗的这种能力对其生存的意义等内容，说明狗与人类之间有着深厚的情感联系。属于科学研究报告。故选D。 III.完形填空 (24-25高三下·江苏南通·开学考试)One winter evening, I was driving home through a snowstorm. Suddenly, I noticed a vehicle 1 me. I found it somewhat disturbing, but I didn’t give it much thought. Then, without warning, my tyre burst with a(n) 2 bang! I wrestled with the steering wheel to maintain 3 and carefully pulled off the road, my heart pounding. I 4 on my hazard lights, hoping for assistance. To my astonishment, the car behind me also 5 . A man swiftly emerged from the driver’s seat. He came over to my car and inquired if I was unharmed. Still in a state of shock, I nodded 6 . Without a moment’s hesitation, he got down to 7 . He took out a spare 8 from my trunk and began the task of replacing the 9 one. Despite the terrible weather, he worked with remarkable precision and 10 . Once he had finished, he 11 his hands on a cloth and remarked, “I was planning to 12 two kilometres back. But something about that tyre seemed 13 to me. I’m glad I decided to follow you along the way. You never know what might happen on a night like this.” I was overwhelmed with gratitude. I thanked him sincerely, but he just smiled 14 and said, “No problem. Just be careful out there.” He got back into his car and drove away, leaving me with a profound sense of 15 for his selflessness. As I continued my journey, the snow continued to fall, but the road seemed a little less daunting. 1. A. stopping B. tailing C. screaming D. dismissing 2. A. amazing B. eye-catching C. deafening D. wide-ranging 3. A. control B. speed C. energy D. level 4. A. leaned B. pointed C. bounced D. switched 5. A. pulled down B. took over C. pulled over D. got down 6. A. literally B. weakly C. definitely D. vigorously 7. A. business B. chores C. ground D. reality 8. A. seat B. wheel C. light D. tyre 9. A. flat B. solid C. odd D. repaired 10. A. outlook B. fantasy C. efficiency D. vitality 11. A. shook B. wiped C. wrapped D. clapped 12. A. flee B. exit C. flash D. slide 13. A. off B. in C. out D. down 14. A. rigidly B. scarcely C. exclusively D. modestly 15. A. permission B. anticipation C. competence D. admiration 【答案】 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. D 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在暴风雪之夜驾车途中车胎突然爆裂，后面一直跟随的车辆司机主动停车帮忙更换轮胎，作者对其无私善举心怀深深敬意。 1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个冬天的晚上，我在暴风雪中开车回家。突然，我注意到一辆车在跟踪我。A. stopping停止；B. tailing跟踪；C. screaming尖叫；D. dismissing解雇。根据后文“I found it somewhat disturbing”可知，作者觉得这辆车的存在让自己不安，由此可推知这辆车一直在跟着作者，也就是“跟踪”作者。故选B项。 2. 考查形容词(短语)词义辨析。句意：然后，毫无预兆地，我的轮胎砰地一声爆了，声音震耳欲聋！A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. eye catching引人注目的；C. deafening震耳欲聋的；D. wide ranging广泛的。前文提到车胎“burst (爆裂)”，结合生活常识，车胎爆裂时发出的声音是非常大的，足以让人感觉震耳欲聋。故选C项。 3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我用力握住方向盘以保持控制，然后小心地把车停到路边，我的心怦怦直跳。A. control控制；B. speed速度；C. energy能量；D. level水平。前文描述车胎突然爆裂，结合“I wrestled with the steering wheel”可知，在这种突发情况下，作者肯定要努力控制住车辆，避免发生危险，“maintain control”即保持对车辆的控制。故选A项。 4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我打开危险警示灯，希望得到帮助。A. leaned倾斜；B. pointed指向；C. bounced反弹；D. switched切换，打开。根据前文“carefully pulled off the road”作者把车停在了路边，结合常识和后文“on my hazard lights”可推知，车出现故障停在路边后，要打开危险警示灯；“switch on”是打开电器、灯光等的常用表达。故选D项。 5. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我后面的车也停了下来。A. pulled down拉下；B. took over接管；C. pulled over靠边停车；D. got down下来。根据后文“He came over to my car”可知，后面的车也停了下来，而且司机来到了作者的车旁。故选C项。 6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我仍然处于震惊状态，无力地点了点头。A. literally确实地；B. weakly虚弱地，无力地；C. definitely肯定地；D. vigorously精力充沛地。根据前文“my heart pounding”和“Still in a state of shock”可知，作者车胎爆裂，受到了惊吓，处于震惊状态，在这种情况下点头应该是虚弱无力的。故选B项。 7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他毫不犹豫地开始动手干起来。A. business事务，工作；B. chores家务杂事；C. ground地面；D. reality现实。前文司机询问作者是否受伤，在得到回应后，根据后文“He took out a spare 8 from my trunk and began the task of replacing the 9 one.”可知，陌生人马上开始帮作者换轮胎，也就是开始着手处理这件事；get down to business意为“开始干正事，着手工作”。故选A项。 8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从我的后备箱里拿出一个备用轮胎，开始更换爆了的那个。A. seat座位；B. wheel轮子；C. light灯；D. tyre轮胎。前文明确提到“my tyre burst”，车胎爆了，所以司机从后备箱拿出的应该是备用轮胎来进行更换。故选D项。 9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他从我的后备箱里拿出一个备用轮胎，开始更换爆了的那个。A. flat瘪的，爆了的；B. solid固体的；C. odd奇怪的；D. repaired修复的。根据前文“my tyre burst”可知，作者的车胎爆裂，所以要更换的就是瘪了的轮胎。故选A项。 10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管天气恶劣，他工作起来却非常精确和高效。A. outlook前景；B. fantasy幻想；C. efficiency效率；D. vitality活力。根据前文“Despite the terrible weather”和后文司机很快完成了换胎工作可推知，虽然天气恶劣，但他工作很有效率。故选C项。 11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他干完后，用一块布擦了擦手，说：“我本来打算在两公里前就下公路的。”A. shook摇晃；B. wiped擦；C. wrapped包裹；D. clapped鼓掌。换轮胎是一项脏活，结合后文“his hands on a cloth”可推知，换完轮胎后他用一块布擦手。故选B项。 12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他干完后，用一块布擦了擦手，说：“我本来打算在两公里前就下公路的。”A. flee逃离；B. exit离开，退出；这里指离开公路；C. flash闪烁；D. slide滑动。根据前文“I was planning to”和后文“I’m glad I decided to follow you along the way.”可知，司机原本打算在两公里前就离开当前行驶的公路，但为了作者的安全所以一路跟了过来。故选B项。 13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但那个轮胎好像有点不对劲。A. off不对的，状态不如平常好的；B. in在里面的；C. out熄灭的；D. down在低处的。根据前文“something about that tyre...”和后文“You never know what might happen on a night like this.”可推知，司机很早就发现车胎情况有异常，不对劲。故选A项。 14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我真诚地感谢他，但他只是谦虚地笑了笑，说：“没关系。路上小心。”A. rigidly僵硬地；B. scarcely几乎不；C. exclusively专门地；D. modestly谦虚地。作者对司机的帮助表示感谢，根据前文“he just smiled”可推知，而司机只是简单回应且微笑，没有居功自傲，体现出他的谦虚。故选D项。 15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他回到自己的车上开走了，留给我对他无私精神的深深敬佩。A. permission允许；B. anticipation期待；C. competence能力；D. admiration敬佩。前文描述司机在恶劣天气下主动停车，无私地帮助作者更换轮胎，这种行为让作者对他产生了深深的敬佩之情。故选D项。 IV.语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (24-25高一下·安徽·开学考试)My high school life was a very fulfilling one. Besides studying in class, I got a part-time job at a local coffee shop 1 location was not far from our school. I hoped it would be easy, and for the most part, without any 2 (tense). I imagined myself pouring coffee and becoming close friends with my customers. But what I hadn’t expected was the people with so many orders and the moments when I couldn’t seem to please anyone. There was always too much sugar, too little ice, or not enough skim milk. However, I kept at it. I had the determination 3 (treat) the customers well. One customer was angry and shouted at me because his coffee was hot. After he 4 (reflect) on the matter for some time, 5 (incredible) he said he regretted and 6 not have shouted at me because it was not my fault. One day with Christmas around 7 corner, one of my customers dropped in, seeming very sad. I thought I had better 8 (offer) him something to improve his mood. Before he left, I handed him a bag along with his iced coffee. He looked at me questioningly because he had ordered nothing but the coffee. He opened the bag and saw his favourite doughnut(甜甜圈) I had offered to him. He smiled and thanked me before stepping out into the rain. The next evening, he came. Instead of ordering something, he handed me a single pink rose and a note. “Thanks for being so sweet and considerate yesterday. Your kind act prevented me 9 taking a bad step. It is so nice to meet someone who is warm.” As time went on, I came across some customers really particular. But whenever I felt down, I would remember that man and his kindness. Then I would smile, hold my head up high, clear my throat and ask politely, “How can I help you?” The 10 (exist) of myself was to make others live better. 【答案】 1. whose 2. tension 3. to treat 4. had reflected/reflected 5. incredibly 6. should 7. the 8. offer 9. from 10. existence 【语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在咖啡店做兼职的所遇所闻所感。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：除了在课堂上学习，我还在当地一家离学校不远的咖啡店做兼职。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a local coffee shop，作从句中location的定语，用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 2. 考查名词。句意：我希望它会很容易，而且在大多数情况下，没有任何紧张情况。空处作介词without的宾语，用名词，tense对应的名词为tension，为不可数名词，故填tension。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我决心好好为顾客服务。空处修饰the determination，用不定式结构作后置定语。故填to treat。 4. 考查动词时态。句意：他对这件事思考了一段时间后，令人难以置信的是，他说他后悔了，不应该对我大喊大叫，因为这不是我的错。空处作从句的谓语，描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，动词用过去式reflected；也可以强调反思这件事发生在说之前，表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故填had reflected/reflected。 5. 考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰后面的句子，用副词作状语。故填incredibly。 6. 考查情态动词。句意同上。根据句意及not have shouted可知，此处表示“本不应该做”，用情态动词should。故填should。 7. 考查冠词。句意：圣诞节即将来临的一天，我的一个顾客来拜访我，看起来很伤心。around the corner意思为：即将来临，为固定短语。故填the。 8. 考查动词原形。句意：我想我最好给他点东西来让他的心情好一点。had better后用动词原形。故填offer。 9. 考查介词。句意：你的善举阻止了我迈出错误的一步。prevent sb. from doing sth.意思为：阻止某人做某事，空处缺少介词from。故填from。 10. 考查名词。句意：我的存在是为了让别人活得更好。空处作主语，用exist对应的名词existence，为不可数名词，故填existence。 V.应用文写作 (24-25高一上·安徽芜湖·开学考试)假设你是李华，你校英文报正在举行以友谊为主题的英文征文比赛。请积极向校英文报投稿参赛。要点需包含： 1. 你对友谊的理解；2. 你体验友谊的一次经历。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Friendship ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Friendship Friendship is a kind of human relation. It is a human instinct to make friends. I think it is of vital importance for us to make good friends. No one can enjoy a good life without friends. I have many good friends, of whom Lily is my best one. I had difficulty studying English grammar last term and I felt very depressed. At that time, Lily came to my help. She comforted me and explained it carefully and patiently. With her help, I made great progress and gained confidence in my studies. All in all, good friendship plays a crucial role in our life. Let’s develop real friendship and cherish it. 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求考生以李华的身份，向校英文报投稿，需介绍自己对友谊的理解，再分享自己体验友谊的一次经历。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 沮丧的：depressed → frustrated, discouraged 获得：gain → obtain, attain 关键的：crucial → essential, significant 珍视：cherish → treasure 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句 原句：I had difficulty studying English grammar last term and I felt very depressed. 拓展句：I had difficulty studying English grammar last term, which made me very depressed. 【点睛】 [高分句型1]I think it is of vital importance for us to make good friends. (运用了that引导宾语从句并被省略、it作形式主语) [高分句型2]I have many good friends, of whom Lily is my best one. (运用了of whom引导非限制性定语从句) 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$