第07讲 短文填空(题型策略与技能自学3)-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制)

第07讲 短文填空(题型策略与技能自学3) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 八年级英语短文填空试题以语境中的基础语法运用为核心，常见命题形式为10个设空（包括无提示词与有提示词），语篇以记叙文为主（占比 60% 以上），主题贴近校园生活、家庭经历或社会活动。设空覆盖动词时态、名词复数、形容词 / 副词比较级、介词搭配、连词逻辑等核心语法点，要求学生结合语篇结构（如时间线、因果关系）和上下文逻辑推理答题。 【示例试题】（记叙文：学校运动会） 语篇主题：描述学生参加学校运动会的经历，体现团队合作与坚持的精神。 语篇结构：时间顺序（赛前准备→比赛过程→赛后感悟）；情感线索（紧张→坚持→自豪）。 通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week, our school held a sports meeting. I signed up for the 100-meter race. On the day of the race, I felt very nervous. My classmates encouraged me, “You can do it!” Their words gave me lots of  1  (confident). When the starter’s gun  2  (sound), all the runners rushed out. I tried to run as  3  (fast) as I could, but I was soon out of breath. Just then, I heard my class  4  (cheer) loudly. “Come on!” they shouted. I told  5  (I), “Don’t give up!” In the last 20 meters, I saw the finish line and  6  (push) myself harder. Finally, I won the  7  (two) place. Although I didn’t get the first prize, I was proud of  8  (I). My teacher said, “The most important thing is not to win but to take part.” This experience taught me that  9 (support) from friends can help us overcome difficulties. It was  10  unforgettable day I will never forget. 【语篇分析】 [题材特点] 生活化题材：运动会是八年级学生熟悉的校园活动，容易引发共鸣，语言简单直白，符合八年级认知水平。 时间线索明确：使用 Last week, On the day of the race, When..., In the last 20 meters, Finally 等时间状语，构建清晰的叙事顺序。 情感描写细腻：通过 nervous, proud, overcome difficulties 等词，体现从紧张到自豪的情感变化。 [结构分析] 段落 内容 功能 第 1 段 引出运动会及参赛事件 背景铺垫 第 2 段 赛前紧张、比赛过程 细节描写（动作、心理、观众反应） 第 3 段 比赛结果与老师评价 事件结果 第 4 段 总结感悟 升华主题（友谊与坚持） [考查方式] ▲有提示词填空（7 题，侧重词形变化） 1.名词→形容词 / 副词 / 名词形式 第 1 题：confident→confidence 考点：词性转换（形容词变名词作宾语）。 解析：lots of 后接名词，confidence 为不可数名词 “信心”，符合 “给予我很多信心” 的语境。 2.动词时态（一般过去时） 第 2 题：sound→sounded 考点：规则动词过去式（直接加 - ed）。 解析：Last week 为过去时间，枪声 “响起” 用过去式 sounded。 第 6 题：push→pushed 考点：不规则动词过去式（push 为规则动词，加 - ed）。 解析：与 saw 并列，同为过去式，“最后 20 米奋力冲刺”。 3.副词原级 第 3 题：fast→fast 考点：副词原级（as + 副词原级 + as）。 解析：“尽可能快地跑”，fast 既是形容词也是副词，此处用原级。 4.非谓语动词（现在分词作宾补） 第 4 题：cheer→cheering 考点：hear sb. doing sth.（听见某人正在做某事）。 解析：比赛中 “听见同学正在欢呼”，用现在分词 cheering 表示动作正在进行。 5.反身代词 第 5 题：I→myself 考点：反身代词（主语与宾语为同一人）。 解析：“告诉自己” 用反身代词 myself，类似结构如 enjoy oneself。 6.形容词性物主代词 / 反身代词 第 8 题：I→myself 考点：反身代词（be proud of oneself 为固定搭配）。 解析：“为自己感到自豪”，用反身代词 myself，强调 “自我肯定”。 ▲无提示词填空（3 题，侧重功能词与逻辑关系） 1.序数词（无提示词，需根据语境判断） 第 7 题：填 second 考点：序数词（the + 序数词 + place 表示名次）。 解析：根据 “未得第一，但获名次” 推断为 “第二名”，用 second。 2.名词→动名词（作主语） 第 9 题：support→support 考点：名词作主语（无提示词，需判断词性）。 解析：“朋友的支持” 作主语，support 为不可数名词，直接填原形。 3.冠词（元音音素开头用 an） 第 10 题：填 an 考点：不定冠词（unforgettable 以元音 /ʌ/ 开头）。 解析：“一次难忘的日子” 为泛指，用 an 修饰。 ▲逻辑推理题（结合上下文语义） 第 3 题：as fast as I could 逻辑：通过 “but I was soon out of breath” 可知，前半句强调 “尽力快跑”，用原级 fast。 第 7 题：second place 逻辑：与 “first prize” 对比，推断为 “第二名”，体现比赛结果的合理性。 【解题策略】 1. 命题规律 考查类型 高频考点 动词时态 一般过去时（规则 / 不规则变化） 名词 / 代词 复数、反身代词、物主代词 形容词 / 副词 原级、比较级（than 标志） 介词 / 冠词 时间介词（on/in/at）、不定冠词 a/an 逻辑关系 连词（but, and）、序数词 2. 解题策略 (1)语篇预读：快速浏览全文，确定体裁（记叙文）、主题（运动会）和结构（时间顺序）。 (2)分层解题： 有提示词：先判断词性（如 confident→名词），再考虑变形（如动词过去式、形容词比较级）。 无提示词：优先考虑功能词（如冠词 an）、固定搭配（如 the second place），再通过上下文逻辑验证（如 cheering 表动作进行）。 (3)细节验证：填完后通读全文，检查时态一致性（如全文过去式）、名词单复数（如 support 为不可数）和逻辑连贯性（如鼓励与坚持的关系）。 八年级短文填空以基础语法为核心，依托记叙文的线性结构考查学生的语境理解与词形变换能力。解题时需紧扣“语篇主题→结构逻辑→语法规则”三线合一的策略，尤其注意动词时态的一致性、名词复数的规则变化及反身代词等高频考点。通过分类练习和语境推理训练，可有效提升答题的准确性与熟练度。 一、以基础语法为核心：明确七大高频考点 1. 动词时态（占比 20%-25%） [考查重点] 一般过去时（规则动词 + ed / 不规则变化，如 played, went）；现在进行时（be + 动词 - ing，如 is running）；主谓一致（第三人称单数 + s/es，如 plays, watches）。 [举例简析] Last summer, we ______ (visit) the Great Wall. （答案：visited，通过 “Last summer” 判断过去式） 2. 名词（占比 15%-20%） [考查重点] 复数规则变化（s/es 结尾，如 books, boxes）；不规则变化（children, feet）；所有格（如 Tom’s bag, students’ desks）。 [举例简析] There are three ______ (knife) on the table. （答案：knives，以 f 结尾变复数去 f 加 ves） 3. 代词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 反身代词（myself, themselves，如 enjoy oneself）；物主代词（my, their，如 my book）； 指示代词（this, that，如 this is my pen）。 [举例简析] She taught ______ (her) to play the piano. （答案：herself，“自学” 用反身代词） 4. 形容词 / 副词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 原级 / 比较级（as...as, than，如 faster, more beautiful）；-ing/-ed 形容词（修饰物 / 人，如 interesting, interested）。 [举例简析] This story is ______ (interest) than that one. （答案：more interesting，than 提示比较级） 5. 介词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 时间介词（on + 具体日期，in + 月份 / 年，at + 时刻，如 on Monday, in July）；固定搭配（如 listen to, look at, by bike）。 [举例简析] My birthday is ______ May 5th.（答案：on，具体日期用 on） 6. 冠词（占比 5%-10%） [考查重点] a/an 区分（元音音素用 an，如 an apple）；the 特指（世界唯一、上文提及，如 the sun, the book）。 [举例简析] She is ______ honest girl.（答案：an，honest 以元音 /ɒ/ 开头） 7. 连词（占比 5%-10%） [考查重点] 并列连词（and, but, or，如 I like apples and bananas）；从属连词（because, so，如 I’m late because I missed the bus）。 [举例简析] He is tall ______ strong.（答案：and，表并列） 二、依托记叙文的线性结构：把握两大线索 1. 时间线索（显性线索） [特征分析] 通过时间状语（如 last week, then, finally）串联事件，形成 “过去→现在→未来” 或 “起因→经过→结果” 的顺序。 [举例简析] Last Monday, I ______ (get) up late. Then I ______ (run) to school. But I ______ (be) still late. 时间线：Last Monday→then→But（转折）→结果； 答案：got, ran, was（均为过去式，与时间状语一致）。 2. 情感 / 逻辑线索（隐性线索） [特征分析] 通过情感词（nervous, happy）或逻辑关系（因果、转折）体现叙事脉络。 [举例简析] I was ______ (nervous) before the exam, ______ my friend encouraged me. I felt ______ (good) after that. 情感变化：nervous（紧张）→朋友鼓励→good（好转）； 逻辑关系：前因后果，第二空填 so/and。 三、解题策略：“三线合一” 操作指南 1. 语篇主题定位（第一步） [方法简析] 通读首句及段首，快速判断主题（如首句 “Last Sunday, I went to the park”→公园游玩）；标注高频词（如 sports, race→运动会主题）。 [举例简析] 短文首句 “Our school held a sports meeting”→主题为校园运动会，预测设空涉及比赛动作、情感词汇。 2. 结构逻辑分析（第二步） 时间逻辑：划出时间状语，确定时态（如 “yesterday”→过去式）； 因果逻辑：标注因果关系（如 “because→so”）； 并列 / 转折逻辑：标记并列（and）或转折（but）。 [举例简析] It was raining, ______ we stayed at home.（逻辑：下雨→待在家，填 so） 3. 语法规则验证（第三步） 动词：根据时间状语确定时态（如 “every day”→一般现在时）； 名词：根据数词（如 two）或修饰词（many）确定复数； 代词：根据主语确定反身代词（如 we→ourselves）。 [举例简析] They enjoyed ______ (they) at the party.（主语 they→反身代词 themselves） 策略回顾 语篇预读： 读首句定主题（如 “Last Friday, our school held...”→校园活动）； 划时间状语定时态（如 last year→过去时，since→完成时）； 标逻辑词定关系（but→转折，than→比较级）。 考点突破： 有提示词：先判断词性（动词 / 名词 / 形容词），再变形（如 nervously→nervous）； 无提示词：优先考虑介词（in/on/at/with）、连词（but/and/so）、冠词（a/an/the）。 应对分析： 时态错误：制作 “时间状语→时态” 对应表（如 now→现在进行时，ago→过去时）； 词性混淆：通过句子成分判断（动词→谓语，形容词→表语 / 定语）。 1.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, our school held a sports meeting. I decided to join the long jump (跳远). In the morning, I practiced a lot, but I still felt  1  (nervously). My friend Anna said, “Believe in  2  (you)!” Her words made me feel better. When it was my turn, I ran as fast as I could and jumped far. The result was 3.5 meters — a new school record! I was so excited that I hugged Anna  3  (happy). After the competition, we  4  (attend) the award ceremony. The teacher said, “Tom won the first place in the long jump. Let’s give him a big hand!” Everyone  5  (clap) loudly. I looked at the medal (奖牌) around my neck and felt very  6  (pride). This experience taught me that  7  (prepare) and courage are important. It was  8  unforgettable day, and I will never forget  9 . From now on, I  10  (face) challenges with confidence! 2.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer, my family and I went to the beach. We lived in a small house  1  the sea. The house had a big balcony (阳台)  2  we could see the blue sea. Every morning, we walked along the beach and collected  3  (shell). Some were white, and  4  (other) were brown. In the afternoon, I learned to swim with my dad. At first, I was afraid of the water,  5  he taught me to be brave. Soon, I could swim  6  (slow) but surely. One day, we went boating. The weather was sunny, and the water was  7  (calm) than usual. My mom took many photos of us  8  (laugh) on the boat. In the evening, we sat on the balcony and watched the stars. They looked so close that I wanted to touch  9  (they). The trip was wonderful. It was a great time  10  (spend) with my family. 3.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Monday, I forgot to bring my math homework to school. When the teacher asked for it, I felt  1  (embarrass). I didn’t know what  2  (do). Just then, my friend Lily came to me. She said, “Don’t worry. You can  3  (share) mine, but you must promise to be more careful next time.” I thanked her  4  (sincere). Lily and I  5  (be) classmates since last year. She is always kind and  6  (help). After school, Lily and I did homework together at her home. Her mom made cookies for us. They were so delicious that we ate  7  (they) all. Before I left, Lily gave me a notebook  8  (write) “Never forget your homework!” on the cover. I  9  (touch) by her kindness. Now, whenever I see the notebook, I  10  (remember) Lily’s help. True friends are like stars — they light up your way in the dark. 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 1 Two months ago, Kate finished middle school. She left her hometown and came to the city. Her aunt helped her find work in a factory. It was small and offered 1 rooms to the workers. She wouldn’t drop it 2 it was difficult for her to find another job there. She had to find a room for 3 (she). As she didn’t have enough money, she had to rent one outside the city. It was about half an hour by bus. The farmer and his family lived on the first floor. They rented all the others on the second and 4 (three) floors to the workers. So they built an attic (阁楼) on 5 of the building for the girl. It was low and small. She couldn’t 6 (easy) go to sleep in the hot night. She had to stay in it, hoping 7 (find) a better room one day. A month later, Kate went to pay the farmer for the rent. She found hers was the 8 of all the boarders (房客). It made her feel strange and she asked, “My room is the smallest and the lowest, you know. But why do I have to pay more rents than any other boarder, sir?” At first the farmer didn’t know 9 to answer her. He thought and thought and at last he said, “Nobody 10 (use) all our steps except you.” 2 Earth is the home of human life, but we might not stay in this home forever (永远). Now we can travel to space, so we dream of finding another home out there. China is now planning 1 (look) for habitable (宜居的) planets. We are going to send a super telescope (望远镜) into space. It 2 (help) us look for habitable planets outside 3 (we) solar system (太阳系). But what is a habitable planet like? 4 (one), it should be as big as Earth, 5 it should be a rocky (多岩石的) planet. Gas (气态) 6 (planet) like Jupiter (木星) would not be a good home for us. The planet must also be around a star (恒星) like 7 sun. And it should not be too close or too far 8 its “sun”, so it’s not too hot or too cold. Most 9 (important), it must have water. In short, the more similar to Earth, the 10 (good). Finding a new home in space is not easy. But as long as we keep trying, there is hope. 3 Isabel Crook is a 104-year-old Canadian educator. She got Friendship Medal in Beijing on September 29. Isabel was born in a Canadian family in Sichuan in 1915. She 21 (live) in China when she was young and studied hard at Chinese school. She was very 22 (interest) in what was going on around her. When she grew up, Isabel went back to Canada for a 23 (far) study. At the age of 23, she came to China again and started to work in Sichuan. Later, Isabel 24 (meet) her husband David Crook. The two tried 25 (they) best to help Chinese people. In 1948, they accepted the invitation and began 26 (teach) English at a new school. The school was the predecessor (前身) of today’s Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU). They had 27 (hundred) of students and they taught them 28 (careful). The two often spent time 29 (work) with students after class to help them improve and prepare them for talking with 30 (foreign) in English. As a teacher at BFSU, Isabel Crook laid the foundation (奠定了基础) for foreign language education in China. 4 My friend Jack was always having 1 (accident). A few months ago, a car hit him while he was on the way home. The driver was a bit tired and didn’t see Jack. And Jack 2 (talk) on the phone and was riding in the middle of the road. The car hit him and broke 3 (he) leg. He was 4 hospital for over a month. Last week, he fell into 5 hole in the park. As usual, he didn’t pay attention to 6 he was going. Some kind-hearted people helped him out of the hole and took him to hospital because he was in a lot of pain. 7 (lucky), he did not break an arm or a leg. The doctors gave him some medicine and then he went home. I always told him to be careful, 8 he never listened. After these two experiences, he promised 9 (take) my advice. Now he is much 10 (careful). 5 Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he 1 (shake) his head. For Australians, rabbits are 2 (danger) than the other animals there, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the 3 (one) rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased quickly. One of the reasons is that there were no foxes or 4 (wolf) in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural environment of Australia was good 5 rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes 6 (easy). Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, 7 the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is 8 farmer in Australia. He used to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. Without grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt 9 (they). Luckily, the local government recently have taken action 10 (solve) the problem. That’s why Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. 6 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV reported that there would be 1 heavy rainstorm in the area. Everyone in the neighborhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows 2 her mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. She also put some candles and 3 (match) on the table. Ben 4 (help) his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they decided 5 (play) a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. 6 the beginning, Ben could not sleep at all. At last, he fell 7 (sleep) when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun was rising. He went outside with 8 (he) family and found many fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere around the neighborhood. 9 (luck), with the help of many people, the neighborhood became clean and tidy soon. And Ben also joined them to clean up the neighborhood together. The storm broke many things apart, but it brought families and neighbors 10 (close) together than before. Ben was proud and happy to see that. 7 Have you ever lived in a school dormitory (宿舍)? Some students think 1 (live) at school is interesting. Well, it’s not as 2 (easy) as you might imagine. Last year, my parents decided to let me live at school. I was surprised 3 (hear) this decision. I could be 4 (I) without my parents managing me. However, when I first arrived, I got anxious (焦虑) about the strict rules. We have to study 5 7 to 10 p.m. every day. We are not allowed to play with cellphones or go back to the dormitory to take showers 6 this time. Also, I argued with one of my roommates. These things made me feel upset and homesick. I just wanted to go back home. On weekends, I did go back home. My mother talked to me. She 7 (comfort) me, “Don’t be afraid. Try to think about 8 to improve the situation.” My mother’s words cheered me up. None of my roommates had such problems. So I should solve my own problems. The next week, I 9 (try) my best to calm myself down and focus on my work for three hours. It did not seem too hard. Then I talked with my roommates in a polite way and made 10 (many) friends. I realized everything depends on our own attitudes (态度) . I began to enjoy the dormitory life. 8 Once, a father and his son went to a kite flying festival. The son was very excited to see how 1 (colour) the kites in the sky are. Then, he asked his father to buy him one. Instead of 2 (buy) one, his father made a plane kite together with him. The son started flying his kite 3 (excited). Soon it reached high up in the sky. After some time, the son said to 4 (he), “It seems like the string (线) is stopping the kite from flying high. If I break it, the kite will be free to fly even 5 (high).” So he asked his father for a small knife and cut the string. Without the string, the kite did go a little bit higher. 6 , it soon started to come down and landed on a tall tree. A moment of 7 (sad) went through his mind. He thought that the kite 8 (fly) higher after he cut the string, not fall down. “Well, the string 9 (be) not holding the kite down; it was helping the kite stay up in the calm wind and guiding (指引) in the right direction ,”the father said. In life, we may also feel 10 same, like rules or hard tasks, are not holding us back, but they are guiding us in the right direction.” 9 Do you hear of Zhuangyuan or Bangyan? These words are from Keju, the earliest gaokao. It lasted for 1,300 years, 1 the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty. It played a very important part in 2 (choose) excellent people to work for the country. The keju exam were 3 (main) about classical literature (古典文学). At first, poetry was very important in earlier keju exams, 4 writing was more important later. The country 5 (hold) the exam once every three years and it had 4 levels (等级). Students had to first pass the lowest level 6 (take) part in its higher level. Each exam took 1 to 3 days. Most students had to go 7 long way to the capital city for the exam. They usually went to the capital on foot, and it took some people a few 8 (month) to reach the place. On the exam day, the officials checked the students carefully, like 9 (today) gaokao. After the exams, the students would get different titles, such as Xiucai, Juren and Jinshi. Among all the Jishi, the first one was called Zhuangyuan. Maybe it was 10 (exciting) moment for him in his life. 10 Dear Frank, Thanks for inviting me to Russia. I’d love to but I’m not available. I need to help my grandparents during the winter vacation. They are too old to look after 1 (them). And thanks for sending me so many 2 (wonder) buildings’ photos of your city. Now I have something new to share with you. As you know, New Year’s Day is coming. It is one of the most important festivals in China. We usually get together to celebrate it 3 a family meal. But 4 (science) say we shouldn’t eat too much meat. We often make our resolutions at the start of the year. It means a new 5 (begin) of the year. I am glad that I kept my resolutions well. Next year, I will study hard so that I can get into 6 university. I heard that you like eating mapo toufu and gongbao chicken. Let me tell you how 7 (make) mapo toufu. First, cut the tofu into pieces and soak (浸泡) with salt for some minutes. Next, heat some oil to high temperature and pour the beef pieces and stir-fry (煸炒). Then, mix together some ginger (姜) and garlic (蒜), and stir-fry. After that, pour the tofu into the pot and add pepper power (花椒粉). 8 (final), stir-fry them with high temperature until the sauce (调味汁) is nearly dried out. Now you have the delicious food. It is also not difficult to make gongbao chicken. My mother took some photos and 9 (write) the steps on them. You can make it because nothing is 10 (possible) if we try our best. Yours, Wang Cheng 11 A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. When they stopped, the young daughter saw an old man 1 (sell) apples. She asked her father 2 (buy) her an apple. Her father didn’t bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So, he bought two apples and gave 3 (they) to his daughter. His daughter held one apple in her left hand and 4 other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could share one apple with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite 5 one apple. And before her father could speak, she took a bite from the 6 (two) apple quickly, too. The father was surprised. He wondered why his daughter did like that. He thought maybe his daughter was too young 7 (understand) about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face. But 8 (sudden) his daughter with the apple in her left hand said, “Dad, please have this one. This one is much 9 (sweet).” The 10 (father) smile came back after knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple. Don’t judge anything too quickly. Always spare some more time to understand things better. 12 Sometimes we may forget about the volunteers (志愿者). In fact, they are of great importance in activities. This month, I volunteered at the Color Run in Melbourne for the 1 (one) time. I didn’t have as much fun as the runners, but I still learned 2 important lesson. My job was to give a high-five (击掌) to every runner at the finish line. At the 3 (begin), we saw it as a simple job. However, as more and more people came and touched their hands with mine, my arm got uncomfortable. A few hours later, my arm became 4 (bad) than before. Our clothes were all wet and we felt tired. I thought it was difficult 5 (work) as a volunteer. But soon we saw a group of 6 (child) running to us. 7 they were so tired, they still put up their hands and said “High-five! ” excitedly. They were so young but they didn’t stop. And that did make such a big 8 (different) to me. Soon I felt myself become full 9 strength (力量). “Well done, little boys!” I said. The experience really means a lot to me and I carry it in my heart 10 (careful). We meet different people, seeing the spirit (精神) that moves us, and the spirit can make us keep going in our life. 13 Once upon a time, a boy moved house. When he came into the new bedroom, he saw it was filled 1 toys, storybooks, pens and pencils. They were very tidy. That day he 2 (play) with the toys, but went to bed without tidying up. However, the next morning all the toys had been put back in their right places. He was sure that no one had entered (进入) 3 (he) bedroom, but didn’t think too much about it. 4 same thing happened that day, and the next day. When the 5 (four) day arrived, every toy jumped out of his hands and said, “I don’t want to play with you!” 6 (final), an old teddy bear told him, “You always leave us so far from our right places. Do you know how difficult it is for the model plane 7 (climb) back up onto the top of the shelf, 8 for the chess pieces to jump into their box? We won’t play with you any more.” The boy understood how badly he treated (对待) the 9 (toy). He said sorry to them, and from that day he always 10 (put) all the toys in their right places before he got into bed. 14 A man who can’t move his hands uses his thoughts to write on a computer screen. 1 man is paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the neck down. That is because 2 (tenth) years ago he had an accident while he was working in the factory. He doesn’t want his name to be known. So scientists call him T5. Not long ago, scientists 3 (successful) put two small sensors (感应器) into his brain. These two sensors allow him 4 (use) his mind to write. The scientists call this “mindwriting”. T5 can write about eighteen 5 (word) every minute. This is five words 6 (slow) than the average (平均的) person writing a text message on a smartphone. Mindwriting is easy to do, but it uses a lot of technology (技术) 7 a special math. Scientists ask T5 to imagine writing on paper, and then the two sensors turn 8 (he) brain activity into text on a computer screen. A scientist 9 (hope) mindwriting will help millions of paralyzed people to write again. It might help people who can’t speak as well. 10 the future, this technology may help us to write at the speed of thought. 15 What will our world be like if there are no insects? Maybe it will give you much pleasure when there are no bad insects in your everyday life. 1 this could cause many problems in fact. The number of insects keeps down these years. There are also 2 (little) places for insects to live in than before. It 3 (become) a worrying natural problem now. What will happen if all insects die out? I think it will be 4 (real) serious. We need insects to break down(分解) 5 (die) plants and animals and turn them into new things. It provides us 6 the healthy soil (土壤). Besides, insects are food for lots of animals. The animals will be hungry or die without 7 (they). Then what should we do? The scientists spend lots of time 8 (search) for better ways to control the terrible situation. One of the 9 (suggestion) is that people can understand nature and change their ideas about insects as soon as possible. As students, we should protect our mother nature at 10 early age and begins in small ways. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第07讲 短文填空(题型策略与技能自学3) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 八年级英语短文填空试题以语境中的基础语法运用为核心，常见命题形式为10个设空（包括无提示词与有提示词），语篇以记叙文为主（占比 60% 以上），主题贴近校园生活、家庭经历或社会活动。设空覆盖动词时态、名词复数、形容词 / 副词比较级、介词搭配、连词逻辑等核心语法点，要求学生结合语篇结构（如时间线、因果关系）和上下文逻辑推理答题。 【示例试题】（记叙文：学校运动会） 语篇主题：描述学生参加学校运动会的经历，体现团队合作与坚持的精神。 语篇结构：时间顺序（赛前准备→比赛过程→赛后感悟）；情感线索（紧张→坚持→自豪）。 通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last week, our school held a sports meeting. I signed up for the 100-meter race. On the day of the race, I felt very nervous. My classmates encouraged me, “You can do it!” Their words gave me lots of  1  (confident). When the starter’s gun  2  (sound), all the runners rushed out. I tried to run as  3  (fast) as I could, but I was soon out of breath. Just then, I heard my class  4  (cheer) loudly. “Come on!” they shouted. I told  5  (I), “Don’t give up!” In the last 20 meters, I saw the finish line and  6  (push) myself harder. Finally, I won the  7  (two) place. Although I didn’t get the first prize, I was proud of  8  (I). My teacher said, “The most important thing is not to win but to take part.” This experience taught me that  9 (support) from friends can help us overcome difficulties. It was  10  unforgettable day I will never forget. 【语篇分析】 [题材特点] 生活化题材：运动会是八年级学生熟悉的校园活动，容易引发共鸣，语言简单直白，符合八年级认知水平。 时间线索明确：使用 Last week, On the day of the race, When..., In the last 20 meters, Finally 等时间状语，构建清晰的叙事顺序。 情感描写细腻：通过 nervous, proud, overcome difficulties 等词，体现从紧张到自豪的情感变化。 [结构分析] 段落 内容 功能 第 1 段 引出运动会及参赛事件 背景铺垫 第 2 段 赛前紧张、比赛过程 细节描写（动作、心理、观众反应） 第 3 段 比赛结果与老师评价 事件结果 第 4 段 总结感悟 升华主题（友谊与坚持） [考查方式] ▲有提示词填空（7 题，侧重词形变化） 1.名词→形容词 / 副词 / 名词形式 第 1 题：confident→confidence 考点：词性转换（形容词变名词作宾语）。 解析：lots of 后接名词，confidence 为不可数名词 “信心”，符合 “给予我很多信心” 的语境。 2.动词时态（一般过去时） 第 2 题：sound→sounded 考点：规则动词过去式（直接加 - ed）。 解析：Last week 为过去时间，枪声 “响起” 用过去式 sounded。 第 6 题：push→pushed 考点：不规则动词过去式（push 为规则动词，加 - ed）。 解析：与 saw 并列，同为过去式，“最后 20 米奋力冲刺”。 3.副词原级 第 3 题：fast→fast 考点：副词原级（as + 副词原级 + as）。 解析：“尽可能快地跑”，fast 既是形容词也是副词，此处用原级。 4.非谓语动词（现在分词作宾补） 第 4 题：cheer→cheering 考点：hear sb. doing sth.（听见某人正在做某事）。 解析：比赛中 “听见同学正在欢呼”，用现在分词 cheering 表示动作正在进行。 5.反身代词 第 5 题：I→myself 考点：反身代词（主语与宾语为同一人）。 解析：“告诉自己” 用反身代词 myself，类似结构如 enjoy oneself。 6.形容词性物主代词 / 反身代词 第 8 题：I→myself 考点：反身代词（be proud of oneself 为固定搭配）。 解析：“为自己感到自豪”，用反身代词 myself，强调 “自我肯定”。 ▲无提示词填空（3 题，侧重功能词与逻辑关系） 1.序数词（无提示词，需根据语境判断） 第 7 题：填 second 考点：序数词（the + 序数词 + place 表示名次）。 解析：根据 “未得第一，但获名次” 推断为 “第二名”，用 second。 2.名词→动名词（作主语） 第 9 题：support→support 考点：名词作主语（无提示词，需判断词性）。 解析：“朋友的支持” 作主语，support 为不可数名词，直接填原形。 3.冠词（元音音素开头用 an） 第 10 题：填 an 考点：不定冠词（unforgettable 以元音 /ʌ/ 开头）。 解析：“一次难忘的日子” 为泛指，用 an 修饰。 ▲逻辑推理题（结合上下文语义） 第 3 题：as fast as I could 逻辑：通过 “but I was soon out of breath” 可知，前半句强调 “尽力快跑”，用原级 fast。 第 7 题：second place 逻辑：与 “first prize” 对比，推断为 “第二名”，体现比赛结果的合理性。 【解题策略】 1. 命题规律 考查类型 高频考点 动词时态 一般过去时（规则 / 不规则变化） 名词 / 代词 复数、反身代词、物主代词 形容词 / 副词 原级、比较级（than 标志） 介词 / 冠词 时间介词（on/in/at）、不定冠词 a/an 逻辑关系 连词（but, and）、序数词 2. 解题策略 (1)语篇预读：快速浏览全文，确定体裁（记叙文）、主题（运动会）和结构（时间顺序）。 (2)分层解题： 有提示词：先判断词性（如 confident→名词），再考虑变形（如动词过去式、形容词比较级）。 无提示词：优先考虑功能词（如冠词 an）、固定搭配（如 the second place），再通过上下文逻辑验证（如 cheering 表动作进行）。 (3)细节验证：填完后通读全文，检查时态一致性（如全文过去式）、名词单复数（如 support 为不可数）和逻辑连贯性（如鼓励与坚持的关系）。 八年级短文填空以基础语法为核心，依托记叙文的线性结构考查学生的语境理解与词形变换能力。解题时需紧扣“语篇主题→结构逻辑→语法规则”三线合一的策略，尤其注意动词时态的一致性、名词复数的规则变化及反身代词等高频考点。通过分类练习和语境推理训练，可有效提升答题的准确性与熟练度。 一、以基础语法为核心：明确七大高频考点 1. 动词时态（占比 20%-25%） [考查重点] 一般过去时（规则动词 + ed / 不规则变化，如 played, went）；现在进行时（be + 动词 - ing，如 is running）；主谓一致（第三人称单数 + s/es，如 plays, watches）。 [举例简析] Last summer, we ______ (visit) the Great Wall. （答案：visited，通过 “Last summer” 判断过去式） 2. 名词（占比 15%-20%） [考查重点] 复数规则变化（s/es 结尾，如 books, boxes）；不规则变化（children, feet）；所有格（如 Tom’s bag, students’ desks）。 [举例简析] There are three ______ (knife) on the table. （答案：knives，以 f 结尾变复数去 f 加 ves） 3. 代词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 反身代词（myself, themselves，如 enjoy oneself）；物主代词（my, their，如 my book）； 指示代词（this, that，如 this is my pen）。 [举例简析] She taught ______ (her) to play the piano. （答案：herself，“自学” 用反身代词） 4. 形容词 / 副词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 原级 / 比较级（as...as, than，如 faster, more beautiful）；-ing/-ed 形容词（修饰物 / 人，如 interesting, interested）。 [举例简析] This story is ______ (interest) than that one. （答案：more interesting，than 提示比较级） 5. 介词（占比 10%-15%） [考查重点] 时间介词（on + 具体日期，in + 月份 / 年，at + 时刻，如 on Monday, in July）；固定搭配（如 listen to, look at, by bike）。 [举例简析] My birthday is ______ May 5th.（答案：on，具体日期用 on） 6. 冠词（占比 5%-10%） [考查重点] a/an 区分（元音音素用 an，如 an apple）；the 特指（世界唯一、上文提及，如 the sun, the book）。 [举例简析] She is ______ honest girl.（答案：an，honest 以元音 /ɒ/ 开头） 7. 连词（占比 5%-10%） [考查重点] 并列连词（and, but, or，如 I like apples and bananas）；从属连词（because, so，如 I’m late because I missed the bus）。 [举例简析] He is tall ______ strong.（答案：and，表并列） 二、依托记叙文的线性结构：把握两大线索 1. 时间线索（显性线索） [特征分析] 通过时间状语（如 last week, then, finally）串联事件，形成 “过去→现在→未来” 或 “起因→经过→结果” 的顺序。 [举例简析] Last Monday, I ______ (get) up late. Then I ______ (run) to school. But I ______ (be) still late. 时间线：Last Monday→then→But（转折）→结果； 答案：got, ran, was（均为过去式，与时间状语一致）。 2. 情感 / 逻辑线索（隐性线索） [特征分析] 通过情感词（nervous, happy）或逻辑关系（因果、转折）体现叙事脉络。 [举例简析] I was ______ (nervous) before the exam, ______ my friend encouraged me. I felt ______ (good) after that. 情感变化：nervous（紧张）→朋友鼓励→good（好转）； 逻辑关系：前因后果，第二空填 so/and。 三、解题策略：“三线合一” 操作指南 1. 语篇主题定位（第一步） [方法简析] 通读首句及段首，快速判断主题（如首句 “Last Sunday, I went to the park”→公园游玩）；标注高频词（如 sports, race→运动会主题）。 [举例简析] 短文首句 “Our school held a sports meeting”→主题为校园运动会，预测设空涉及比赛动作、情感词汇。 2. 结构逻辑分析（第二步） 时间逻辑：划出时间状语，确定时态（如 “yesterday”→过去式）； 因果逻辑：标注因果关系（如 “because→so”）； 并列 / 转折逻辑：标记并列（and）或转折（but）。 [举例简析] It was raining, ______ we stayed at home.（逻辑：下雨→待在家，填 so） 3. 语法规则验证（第三步） 动词：根据时间状语确定时态（如 “every day”→一般现在时）； 名词：根据数词（如 two）或修饰词（many）确定复数； 代词：根据主语确定反身代词（如 we→ourselves）。 [举例简析] They enjoyed ______ (they) at the party.（主语 they→反身代词 themselves） 策略回顾 语篇预读： 读首句定主题（如 “Last Friday, our school held...”→校园活动）； 划时间状语定时态（如 last year→过去时，since→完成时）； 标逻辑词定关系（but→转折，than→比较级）。 考点突破： 有提示词：先判断词性（动词 / 名词 / 形容词），再变形（如 nervously→nervous）； 无提示词：优先考虑介词（in/on/at/with）、连词（but/and/so）、冠词（a/an/the）。 应对分析： 时态错误：制作 “时间状语→时态” 对应表（如 now→现在进行时，ago→过去时）； 词性混淆：通过句子成分判断（动词→谓语，形容词→表语 / 定语）。 1.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, our school held a sports meeting. I decided to join the long jump (跳远). In the morning, I practiced a lot, but I still felt  1  (nervously). My friend Anna said, “Believe in  2  (you)!” Her words made me feel better. When it was my turn, I ran as fast as I could and jumped far. The result was 3.5 meters — a new school record! I was so excited that I hugged Anna  3  (happy). After the competition, we  4  (attend) the award ceremony. The teacher said, “Tom won the first place in the long jump. Let’s give him a big hand!” Everyone  5  (clap) loudly. I looked at the medal (奖牌) around my neck and felt very  6  (pride). This experience taught me that  7  (prepare) and courage are important. It was  8  unforgettable day, and I will never forget  9 . From now on, I  10  (face) challenges with confidence! 【答案与解析】 1.nervous 考点：形容词作表语（nervously→nervous）。 解析：feel 为系动词，后接形容词 nervous 作表语，而非副词。 2.yourself 考点：反身代词（believe in oneself）。 解析：“相信你自己” 用反身代词 yourself，与主语 I 对应。 3.happily 考点：副词修饰动词（hugged）。 解析：修饰动词 hugged 用副词 happily，表示 “开心地拥抱”。 4.attended 考点：一般过去时（规则动词 + ed）。 解析：Last Friday 为过去时间，attend 的过去式为 attended。 5.clapped 考点：一般过去时（重读闭音节双写尾字母 + ed）。 解析：clap 以 “辅音 + 元音 + 辅音” 结尾，过去式双写 p 加 ed。 6.proud 考点：形容词作表语（pride→proud）。 解析：feel proud 表示 “感到自豪”，proud 为形容词。 7.preparation 考点：名词作主语（prepare→preparation）。 解析：and 连接并列主语，需用名词 preparation（准备）。 8.an 考点：不定冠词（元音音素开头用 an）。 解析：unforgettable 以 /ʌ/ 开头，用 an 修饰 “难忘的一天”。 9.it 考点：代词指代（指代前文 “unforgettable day”）。 解析：用 it 指代单数名词 day，避免重复。 10.will face 考点：一般将来时（from now on 提示将来）。 解析：“从现在起” 用 will + 动词原形 face，表示将来动作。 【解答策略】 通读抓主题：通过 “sports meeting, long jump” 确定主题为校园运动会，时态以一般过去时为主。 词性转换优先：形容词 / 副词转换（nervously→nervous, happy→happily）；动词→名词（prepare→preparation）。 熟悉固定搭配：believe in oneself, give sb. a big hand 等短语直接匹配。 代词指代明确：it 指代前文提到的 “day”，确保上下文连贯。 2.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer, my family and I went to the beach. We lived in a small house  1  the sea. The house had a big balcony (阳台)  2  we could see the blue sea. Every morning, we walked along the beach and collected  3  (shell). Some were white, and  4  (other) were brown. In the afternoon, I learned to swim with my dad. At first, I was afraid of the water,  5  he taught me to be brave. Soon, I could swim  6  (slow) but surely. One day, we went boating. The weather was sunny, and the water was  7  (calm) than usual. My mom took many photos of us  8  (laugh) on the boat. In the evening, we sat on the balcony and watched the stars. They looked so close that I wanted to touch  9  (they). The trip was wonderful. It was a great time  10  (spend) with my family. 【答案与解析】 1.by/near 考点：介词（表示 “在…… 旁边”）。 解析：“住在海边的小房子” 用 by 或 near，表位置关系。 2.where 考点：定语从句引导词（表地点）。 解析：先行词 balcony 表地点，从句缺地点状语，用 where 引导。 3.shells 考点：名词复数（shell 为可数名词）。 解析：collected 后接复数 shells，“收集贝壳”。 4.others 考点：代词（some...others... 固定搭配）。 解析：“一些…… 另一些……” 用 others，相当于 other shells。 5.but 考点：连词（转折关系）。 解析：前句 “害怕水” 与后句 “教我勇敢” 为转折，用 but 连接。 6.slowly 考点：副词修饰动词（swim）。 解析：修饰动词 swim 用副词 slowly，表示 “慢慢地游”。 7.calmer 考点：形容词比较级（than 提示）。 解析：calm 为单音节形容词，比较级加 er，“比平时更平静”。 8.laughing 考点：非谓语动词（现在分词作宾补）。 解析：see sb. doing sth. 表示 “看见某人正在做某事”，用 laughing。 9.them 考点：宾格代词（touch 后接宾语）。 解析：指代 stars 用宾格 them，作 touch 的宾语。 10.to spend 考点：不定式作定语（a great time to spend）。 解析：“和家人一起度过的美好时光”，用 to spend 修饰 time。 【解答策略】 逻辑关系优先：转折连词 but（题 5）、比较级 than（题 7）直接通过上下文逻辑判断。 固定搭配突破：some...others...（题 4）、see sb. doing sth.（题 8）等短语直接应用。 语法细节注意：定语从句引导词 where（题 2），区分 which（指物）与 where（指地点）；代词格的变化（they→them，题 9）。 3.通读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Monday, I forgot to bring my math homework to school. When the teacher asked for it, I felt  1  (embarrass). I didn’t know what  2  (do). Just then, my friend Lily came to me. She said, “Don’t worry. You can  3  (share) mine, but you must promise to be more careful next time.” I thanked her  4  (sincere). Lily and I  5  (be) classmates since last year. She is always kind and  6  (help). After school, Lily and I did homework together at her home. Her mom made cookies for us. They were so delicious that we ate  7  (they) all. Before I left, Lily gave me a notebook  8  (write) “Never forget your homework!” on the cover. I  9  (touch) by her kindness. Now, whenever I see the notebook, I  10  (remember) Lily’s help. True friends are like stars — they light up your way in the dark. 【答案与解析】 1.embarrassed 考点：形容词（-ed 修饰人）。 解析：feel embarrassed 表示 “感到尴尬”，embarrassed 修饰人。 2.to do 考点：不定式作宾语（what to do）。 解析：“不知道做什么” 用疑问词 + 不定式结构 what to do。 3.share 考点：情态动词后接动词原形（can + 动词原形）。 解析：can 为情态动词，后接动词原形 share。 4.sincerely 考点：副词修饰动词（thanked）。 解析：修饰动词 thanked 用副词 sincerely，表示 “真诚地感谢”。 5.have been 考点：现在完成时（since + 过去时间）。 解析：since last year 提示现在完成时，主语 Lily and I 为复数，用 have been。 6.helpful 考点：形容词作表语（help→helpful）。 解析：kind and helpful 为并列形容词，“善良且乐于助人”。 7.them 考点：宾格代词（ate 后接宾语）。 解析：指代 cookies 用宾格 them，作 ate 的宾语。 8.with 考点：介词（表伴随，“带有”）。 解析：“封面上写着……” 用 with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语结构。 9.was touched 考点：一般过去时的被动语态（be + 过去分词）。 解析：“被她的善意感动”，主语 I 为单数，过去式用 was touched。 10.remember 考点：一般现在时（whenever 引导的从句）。 解析：whenever 引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时，主语 I 用 remember。 【解答策略】 时态分层判断：过去时间（Last Monday）→一般过去时（题 9 was touched）；since + 过去时间→现在完成时（题 5 have been）；普遍真理→一般现在时（题 10 remember）。 非谓语动词识别：疑问词 + 不定式（题 2 what to do）；介词 + 宾语（题 8 with）。 词性转换规律：动词→形容词（help→helpful，题 6）；形容词→副词（sincere→sincerely，题 4）。 阅读下面短文， 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 1 Two months ago, Kate finished middle school. She left her hometown and came to the city. Her aunt helped her find work in a factory. It was small and offered 1 rooms to the workers. She wouldn’t drop it 2 it was difficult for her to find another job there. She had to find a room for 3 (she). As she didn’t have enough money, she had to rent one outside the city. It was about half an hour by bus. The farmer and his family lived on the first floor. They rented all the others on the second and 4 (three) floors to the workers. So they built an attic (阁楼) on 5 of the building for the girl. It was low and small. She couldn’t 6 (easy) go to sleep in the hot night. She had to stay in it, hoping 7 (find) a better room one day. A month later, Kate went to pay the farmer for the rent. She found hers was the 8 of all the boarders (房客). It made her feel strange and she asked, “My room is the smallest and the lowest, you know. But why do I have to pay more rents than any other boarder, sir?” At first the farmer didn’t know 9 to answer her. He thought and thought and at last he said, “Nobody 10 (use) all our steps except you.” 【答案】 1．few 2．because 3．herself 4．third 5．top 6．easily 7．to find 8．the most expensive 9．how 10．uses 【解析】本文讲述了凯特在完成中学学业后来到城市，在姑姑的帮助下找到了一份工厂工作，但由于经济原因只能在城外租房的经历。 1．句意：这家工厂很小，不为工人们提供宿舍。根据“It was small and offered…rooms to the workers”可知没房间可提供，few“没有”，修饰名词复数。故填few。 2．句意：因为在那里很难再找到其他工作，所以她并没有放弃这份工作。根据“it was difficult for her to find another job there”可知后句介绍的是原因，应用because“因为”引导原因状语从句。故填because。 3．句意：她需要为自己找一个房间。根据“She had to find a room for”可知她需要为自己找一个房间，所以应该使用反身代词herself来表示“她自己”。故填herself。 4．句意：他们把二楼和三楼的所有房间都租给了工人。根据“all the others on the second and…floors”可知此处应用序数词表示楼层，third是three的序数词。故填third。 5．句意：所以他们为女孩在房子顶部的一边建了一个阁楼。根据“they built an attic (阁楼) on…of the building”及常识可知阁楼是放在顶，top“顶部”符合语境。故填top。 6．句意：在炎热的夜晚，她很难入睡。分析句子可知，此处应用副词修饰动词go，easily是其副词形式。故填easily。 7．句意：但她不得不住在那里，希望有朝一日能找到一个更好的房间。hope to do“希望做某事”固定用法。故填to find。 8．句意：她发现她的房租是所有房客中最高的。根据“of all”可知此处应用最高级，expensive“贵的”，最高级是most+形容词，其前用定冠词。故填the most expensive。 9．句意：起初，农民不知道该怎么回答她。根据“He thought and thought”可知是不知道怎么回答，how“如何”符合语境。故填how。 10．句意：他想了又想最后说：“除了你，没有人会用完我们所有的台阶。”句子描述客观事实用一般现在时，主语是不定代词，故用单三式。故填uses。 2 Earth is the home of human life, but we might not stay in this home forever (永远). Now we can travel to space, so we dream of finding another home out there. China is now planning 1 (look) for habitable (宜居的) planets. We are going to send a super telescope (望远镜) into space. It 2 (help) us look for habitable planets outside 3 (we) solar system (太阳系). But what is a habitable planet like? 4 (one), it should be as big as Earth, 5 it should be a rocky (多岩石的) planet. Gas (气态) 6 (planet) like Jupiter (木星) would not be a good home for us. The planet must also be around a star (恒星) like 7 sun. And it should not be too close or too far 8 its “sun”, so it’s not too hot or too cold. Most 9 (important), it must have water. In short, the more similar to Earth, the 10 (good). Finding a new home in space is not easy. But as long as we keep trying, there is hope. 【答案】 1．to look 2．will help 3．our 4．First 5．and 6．planets 7．the 8．from 9．importantly 10．better 【解析】本文讲述了中国计划发射超级望远镜寻找太阳系外宜居行星，介绍宜居行星条件，指出寻找不易但坚持就有希望。 1．句意：中国目前正在计划寻找宜居行星。plan to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“计划做某事”，故填to look。 2．句意：它将帮助我们寻找我们的太阳系之外的宜居行星。根据“We are going to send…”可知，这是一个将来的计划，所以这里用一般将来时will help，符合语境。故填will help。 3．句意：它将帮助我们寻找我们的太阳系之外的宜居行星。根据空后的“solar system”可知这里需要一个形容词性物主代词，we的形容词性物主代词是our，故填our。 4．句意：首先，它应该和地球一样大，并且它应该是一个多岩石的行星。根据语境可知，这里是在列举宜居行星的条件，first表示“首先”，用于引出第一个条件，且句首首字母大写，故填First。 5．句意：首先，它应该和地球一样大，并且它应该是一个多岩石的行星。根据“it should be as big as Earth”和“it should be a rocky planet”可知，前后两个句子是并列关系，所以用and连接。故填and。 6．句意：像木星这样的气态行星对我们来说不会是一个好家园。根据空后的“like Jupiter”可知木星只是其中一个例子，所以planet要用复数形式planets，故填planets。 7．句意：这颗行星还必须围绕像太阳这样的恒星。根据常识可知，sun（太阳）是独一无二的天体，前面要加定冠词the。故填the。 8．句意：并且它不应该离它的“太阳”太近或太远，所以它不会太热或太冷。be far from是固定搭配，表示“离……远”，故填from。 9．句意：最重要的是，它必须有水。most importantly是一个常用的插入语，意为“最重要的是”，用于强调后面内容的重要性，important的副词形式是importantly，故填importantly。 10．句意：简而言之，与地球越相似越好。“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”是一个固定结构，表示“越……，越……”，good的比较级是better，故填better。 3 Isabel Crook is a 104-year-old Canadian educator. She got Friendship Medal in Beijing on September 29. Isabel was born in a Canadian family in Sichuan in 1915. She 21 (live) in China when she was young and studied hard at Chinese school. She was very 22 (interest) in what was going on around her. When she grew up, Isabel went back to Canada for a 23 (far) study. At the age of 23, she came to China again and started to work in Sichuan. Later, Isabel 24 (meet) her husband David Crook. The two tried 25 (they) best to help Chinese people. In 1948, they accepted the invitation and began 26 (teach) English at a new school. The school was the predecessor (前身) of today’s Beijing Foreign Studies University (BFSU). They had 27 (hundred) of students and they taught them 28 (careful). The two often spent time 29 (work) with students after class to help them improve and prepare them for talking with 30 (foreign) in English. As a teacher at BFSU, Isabel Crook laid the foundation (奠定了基础) for foreign language education in China. 【答案】 1．lived 2．interested 3．further 4．met 5．their 6．to teach 7．hundreds 8．carefully 9．working 10．foreigners 【解析】本文主要介绍了加拿大教育家伊莎贝尔的教育经历。 1．句意：她年轻时住在中国，在中文学校努力学习。根据“when she was young and studied hard at Chinese school”可知，此处时态为一般过去时，用live的过去式形式。故填lived。 2．句意：她对周围发生的事情非常感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 3．句意：伊莎贝尔长大后回到加拿大继续深造。far“远的”，一般指距离上，根据“Isabel went back to Canada for”可知，表示深造，用其比较级形式，further“进一步的”，一般指空间或程度上更远。指故填further。 4．句意：后来，伊莎贝尔遇到了她的丈夫大卫·克鲁克。根据“The two tried … best to help Chinese people.”可知，动作发生在过去，时态为一般过去时，用meet的过去式形式。故填met。 5．句意：两人竭尽全力帮助中国人民。try one’s best“尽某人的最大努力”，此处用they“他们”的形容词性物主代词。故填their。 6．句意：1948年，他们接受了邀请，开始在一所新学校教英语。teach“教，教授”，动词；begin to do sth“开始做某事”。故填to teach。 7．句意：他们有数百名学生，他们认真地教他们。hundreds of“数以百计的”，修饰名词students。故填hundreds。 8．句意：他们有数百名学生，他们认真地教他们。careful“认真的”，此处用其副词形式修饰动词taught。故填carefully。 9．句意：两人经常在课后与学生一起工作，帮助他们提高水平，为用英语与外国人交谈做好准备。work“工作”，动词，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”。故填working。 10．句意：两人经常在课后与学生一起工作，帮助他们提高水平，为用英语与外国人交谈做好准备。foreign“外国的”，形容词；根据“help them improve and prepare them for talking with … in English.”可知，是与外国人交谈，foreigner“外国人”，此处表示泛指，用其名词复数形式。故填foreigners。 4 My friend Jack was always having 1 (accident). A few months ago, a car hit him while he was on the way home. The driver was a bit tired and didn’t see Jack. And Jack 2 (talk) on the phone and was riding in the middle of the road. The car hit him and broke 3 (he) leg. He was 4 hospital for over a month. Last week, he fell into 5 hole in the park. As usual, he didn’t pay attention to 6 he was going. Some kind-hearted people helped him out of the hole and took him to hospital because he was in a lot of pain. 7 (lucky), he did not break an arm or a leg. The doctors gave him some medicine and then he went home. I always told him to be careful, 8 he never listened. After these two experiences, he promised 9 (take) my advice. Now he is much 10 (careful). 【答案】 1．accidents 2．was talking 3．his 4．in 5．a 6．where 7．Luckily 8．but 9．to take 10．more careful 【解析】本文讲述了作者的朋友杰克总是出事故，他总是小心。即使作者曾经总是提醒他，他也不在意。但他在经历两次事故之后接受了作者的建议，变得小心了。 1．句意：我的朋友杰克总是出事故。此处需用复数表泛指，故填accidents。 2．句意：杰克正在打电话，并且骑在路中间。根据“was riding”可知，此处并列的“talk”需用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，主语是Jack，结构为was doing。故填was talking。 3．句意：车撞到了他，撞断了他的腿。此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词leg，故填his。 4．句意：他在医院待了一个多月。be in hospital为固定短语，意为“住院”，故填in。 5．句意：上周，他掉进了公园的一个洞里。此处需用不定冠词a修饰可数名词单数hole（辅音音素开头），表示泛指，故填a。 6．句意：和往常一样，他没有注意他要去哪里。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语，需用where引导，故填where。 7．句意：幸运的是，他没有摔断胳膊或腿。此处需用副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运地”，故填Luckily。 8．句意：我总是告诉他要小心，但他从不听。前后表转折，but“但是”，故填but。 9．句意：经过这两次经历后，他答应听从我的建议。promise to do sth为固定短语，意为“答应做某事”，故填to take。 10．句意：现在他小心多了。形容词作表语，much修饰比较级，故填more careful。 5 Do you think rabbits are cute? If you ask an Australian this question, he 1 (shake) his head. For Australians, rabbits are 2 (danger) than the other animals there, because they have almost destroyed (毁坏) the nature of Australia. In the 18th century, Europeans (欧洲人) came to Australia. They took the 3 (one) rabbit to Australia. After that, the number of rabbits increased quickly. One of the reasons is that there were no foxes or 4 (wolf) in Australia at that time. Another reason is that the natural environment of Australia was good 5 rabbits. The ground was very soft. As a result, the rabbits could dig holes 6 (easy). Some holes were as deep as 1.5 metres. And there was delicious grass everywhere, 7 the rabbits could get enough food. By the time of 1926, there were about 10 billion rabbits in Australia. James is 8 farmer in Australia. He used to have a very large field. But there were so many rabbits there that most of the grass was eaten by them. Without grass, the land quickly became dry. Many sheep and horses fell into rabbits’ home and hurt 9 (they). Luckily, the local government recently have taken action 10 (solve) the problem. That’s why Australians don’t think rabbits are cute. 【答案】 1．will shake 2．more dangerous 3．first 4．wolves 5．for 6．easily 7．so 8．a 9．themselves 10．to solve 【解析】本文介绍了为什么澳大利亚人认为兔子是危险的动物。 1．句意：如果你问一个澳大利亚人这个问题，他会摇头。if引导的条件状语从句，满足“主将从现”，主句用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形。故填will shake。 2．句意：对澳大利亚人来说，兔子比其他动物更危险，因为它们几乎破坏了澳大利亚的自然环境。根据“than”可知，此处用形容词的比较级形式。故填more dangerous。 3．句意：他们把第一只兔子带到了澳大利亚。此处表示“第一只兔子”，需用序数词形式。故填first。 4．句意：其中一个原因是那时澳大利亚没有狐狸或狼。此处用复数形式，与“foxes”并列。故填wolves。 5．句意：另一个原因是澳大利亚的自然环境很适合兔子。be good for为固定搭配，意为“对……有益”。故填for。 6．句意：结果，兔子可以轻易地挖洞。此处修饰动词dig，需用副词形式。故填easily。 7．句意：到处都是美味的草，所以兔子可以获得足够的食物。根据“the rabbits could get enough food”可知，此处表示结果，故用连词so。故填so。 8．句意：James是澳大利亚的一个农民。此处表示泛指，且farmer以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 9．句意：许多羊和马掉进了兔子的洞里，伤到了自己。此处指代前面的sheep and horses，需用反身代词themselves，表示“伤到了自己”。故填themselves。 10．句意：幸运的是，当地政府最近已经采取行动来解决这个问题。take action to do sth为固定搭配，意为“采取行动做某事”。故填to solve。 6 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. The news on TV reported that there would be 1 heavy rainstorm in the area. Everyone in the neighborhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows 2 her mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working. She also put some candles and 3 (match) on the table. Ben 4 (help) his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows. After dinner, they decided 5 (play) a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside. 6 the beginning, Ben could not sleep at all. At last, he fell 7 (sleep) when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m. When he woke up, the sun was rising. He went outside with 8 (he) family and found many fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere around the neighborhood. 9 (luck), with the help of many people, the neighborhood became clean and tidy soon. And Ben also joined them to clean up the neighborhood together. The storm broke many things apart, but it brought families and neighbors 10 (close) together than before. Ben was proud and happy to see that. 【答案】 1．a 2．while 3．matches 4．was helping 5．to play 6．At 7．asleep 8．his 9．Luckily 10．closer 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了本和他的家人在一场大暴雨中的经历。 1．句意：电视新闻预报该地区将有一场大暴雨。根据“The news on TV reported that there would be…heavy rainstorm in the area.”可知，此处表达一场大暴雨，heavy rainstorm 是单数可数名词，且以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词 a。故填a。 2．句意：本的爸爸正在用木板钉窗户，而他的妈妈在确保手电筒和收音机都能正常使用。根据“Ben’s dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows…her mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were working.”可知，此处表达爸爸在钉木板，而妈妈在检查手电筒和收音机，两个动作同时发生，用while连接。故填while。 3．句意：她还在桌上放了一些蜡烛和火柴。根据“She also put some candles and…on the table.”可知，前面有some修饰，match是可数名词，用复数形式 matches。故填matches。 4．句意：当雨开始猛烈敲打窗户时，本正在帮妈妈做晚饭。根据“Ben…his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.”可知，此处表达当雨开始猛烈敲打窗户时，本正在帮妈妈做晚饭，用过去进行时，主语Ben，be动词用was，即was helping。故填was helping。 5．句意：晚饭后，他们决定玩纸牌游戏，但外面正下着大暴雨，很难玩得开心。根据“After dinner, they decided…a card game, but it was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.”可知，decide to do sth.表示“决定做某事”，所以应用不定式to play。故填to play。 6．句意：一开始，本完全睡不着。根据“… the beginning, Ben could not sleep at all.”可知，at the beginning表示“一开始”，固定搭配，句首首字母大写。故填At。 7．句意：最后，当风在凌晨3点左右逐渐减弱时，他睡着了。根据“At last, he fell…when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.”可知，fall asleep表示“入睡”，固定搭配。故填asleep。 8．句意：他和他的家人一起出门，发现周围到处都是倒下的树、破碎的窗户和垃圾。根据“He went outside with…family and found many fallen trees, broken windows and rubbish were everywhere around the neighborhood.”可知，此处表达和他的家人一起，形容词性物主代词his修饰名词family。故填his。 9．句意：幸运的是，在许多人的帮助下，社区很快就变得干净整洁了。根据“…with the help of many people, the neighborhood became clean and tidy soon.”可知，此处表达幸运的是，Luckily“幸运的是”，副词做状语。故填Luckily。 10．句意：风暴摧毁了许多东西，但它让家人和邻居之间的关系比以前更紧密了。根据“The storm broke many things apart, but it brought families and neighbors…together than before.”可知，此处表达风暴让家人和邻居之间的关系比以前更紧密了，应用比较级形式，closer“更亲密”，close的比较级。故填closer。 7 Have you ever lived in a school dormitory (宿舍)? Some students think 1 (live) at school is interesting. Well, it’s not as 2 (easy) as you might imagine. Last year, my parents decided to let me live at school. I was surprised 3 (hear) this decision. I could be 4 (I) without my parents managing me. However, when I first arrived, I got anxious (焦虑) about the strict rules. We have to study 5 7 to 10 p.m. every day. We are not allowed to play with cellphones or go back to the dormitory to take showers 6 this time. Also, I argued with one of my roommates. These things made me feel upset and homesick. I just wanted to go back home. On weekends, I did go back home. My mother talked to me. She 7 (comfort) me, “Don’t be afraid. Try to think about 8 to improve the situation.” My mother’s words cheered me up. None of my roommates had such problems. So I should solve my own problems. The next week, I 9 (try) my best to calm myself down and focus on my work for three hours. It did not seem too hard. Then I talked with my roommates in a polite way and made 10 (many) friends. I realized everything depends on our own attitudes (态度) . I began to enjoy the dormitory life. 【答案】 1．living 2．easy 3．to hear 4．myself 5．from 6．during 7．comforted 8．how 9．tried 10．more 【解析】本文讲述了作者在学校宿舍生活中的经历和困难，以及通过努力调整心态，解决问题，最终适应宿舍生活并享受其中的过程。 1．句意：一些学生认为在学校生活很有趣。分析句子可知，think后是宾语从句，从句缺少主语，live是动词，所以用其动名词形式living。故填living。 2．句意：嗯，它并不像你想象的那么容易。not as+形容词原形+as...“不如……”，所以空处用easy的原级，故填easy。 3．句意：听到这个决定我很吃惊。be surprised to do 表示“对……感到惊讶”，所以空处用动词不定式。故填to hear。 4．句意：没有了父母的管理，我可以是我自己。根据“I could be...”可知，此处指做自己，用I的反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。 5．句意：我们必须每天晚上7点到10点学习。根据“7 to 10 p.m.”可知，此处指从晚上7点到10点，from...to...“从……到……”，固定短语。故填from。 6．句意：在此期间，不允许我们玩手机，也不允许我们回到宿舍洗澡。“...this time”及语境可知，此处指晚上7点到10点这段时间，during“在……期间”，故填during。 7．句意：她安慰我说，“不要害怕。试着想想如何改善这种情况。”根据“My mother talked to me. ”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词过去式。故填comforted。 8．句意：她安慰我说，“不要害怕。试着想想如何改善这种情况。”根据“think about ...to improve the situation”可知，此处指思考如何改善这种情况，how“如何”，故填how。 9．句意：接下来的一周，我会尽力让自己放松下来，花三个小时专注于工作。根据“It did not seem too hard”可知，时态是一般过去时，所以空处用动词的过去式，故填tried。 10．句意：然后我以礼貌的方式与我的室友们交谈并交到了更多的朋友。本段讲述的是作者的变化，暗含和之前的情况比较之意，所以应用many的比较级more。故填more。 8 Once, a father and his son went to a kite flying festival. The son was very excited to see how 1 (colour) the kites in the sky are. Then, he asked his father to buy him one. Instead of 2 (buy) one, his father made a plane kite together with him. The son started flying his kite 3 (excited). Soon it reached high up in the sky. After some time, the son said to 4 (he), “It seems like the string (线) is stopping the kite from flying high. If I break it, the kite will be free to fly even 5 (high).” So he asked his father for a small knife and cut the string. Without the string, the kite did go a little bit higher. 6 , it soon started to come down and landed on a tall tree. A moment of 7 (sad) went through his mind. He thought that the kite 8 (fly) higher after he cut the string, not fall down. “Well, the string 9 (be) not holding the kite down; it was helping the kite stay up in the calm wind and guiding (指引) in the right direction ,”the father said. In life, we may also feel 10 same, like rules or hard tasks, are not holding us back, but they are guiding us in the right direction.” 【答案】 1．colourful 2．buying 3．excitedly 4．himself 5．higher 6．However 7．sadness 8．would fly 9．was 10．the 【解析】本文主要讲了父亲和儿子放风筝的故事，说明在生活中看似限制我们的一些规则或任务，实际上是在引导我们走向正确的方向。 1．句意：儿子非常兴奋地看到天上各种颜色的风筝。how引导宾语从句，修饰形容词，colour的形容词为colourful，作表语。故填colourful。 2．句意：然而，父亲没有买一个，而是和他一起制作了一个飞机风筝。of是介词，空处应填动名词作宾语。故填buying。 3．句意：儿子开始兴奋地放飞他的风筝。空处修饰动词，应用副词。故填excitedly。 4．句意：过了一段时间，儿子对自己说：“好像线阻止了风筝飞得更高。如果我把它折断，风筝就可以自由地飞得更高。”此处应用反身代词himself表示自己对自己说，故填himself。 5．句意：过了一段时间，儿子对自己说：“好像这根线阻止了风筝飞得更高。如果我把它剪断，风筝就能自由地飞得更高了。”even可以修饰形容词或副词的比较级，应用higher。故填higher。 6．句意：然而，很快它开始下降，最终落在了一棵高树上。后句和前句是转折关系，应用However。故填However。 7．句意：一阵悲伤涌上他的心头。sad是形容词，此处应用不可数名词sadness作宾语。故填sadness。 8．句意：他原以为剪断了线风筝会飞得更高，而不是掉下来。根据“thought”可知，宾语从句应用过去将来时，表示在过去的将来会发生的事情。故填would fly。 9．句意：其实，线不是在阻止风筝飞高，而是在平静的风中帮助风筝保持高飞，并指引它朝正确的方向飞行。根据“it was”可知，此句是一般过去时，主语是三单，be动词用was。故填was。 10．句意：在人生中，我们也可能有同样的感受，觉得规则或艰难的任务不是在阻碍我们，而是在引导我们朝正确的方向前进。the same“相同的”，固定用法。故填the。 9 Do you hear of Zhuangyuan or Bangyan? These words are from Keju, the earliest gaokao. It lasted for 1,300 years, 1 the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty. It played a very important part in 2 (choose) excellent people to work for the country. The keju exam were 3 (main) about classical literature (古典文学). At first, poetry was very important in earlier keju exams, 4 writing was more important later. The country 5 (hold) the exam once every three years and it had 4 levels (等级). Students had to first pass the lowest level 6 (take) part in its higher level. Each exam took 1 to 3 days. Most students had to go 7 long way to the capital city for the exam. They usually went to the capital on foot, and it took some people a few 8 (month) to reach the place. On the exam day, the officials checked the students carefully, like 9 (today) gaokao. After the exams, the students would get different titles, such as Xiucai, Juren and Jinshi. Among all the Jishi, the first one was called Zhuangyuan. Maybe it was 10 (exciting) moment for him in his life. 【答案】 1．from 2．choosing 3．mainly 4．but 5．held 6．to take 7．a 8．months 9．today’s 10．the most exciting 【解析】本文主要介绍了科举考试的历史背景、考试内容及其影响。 1．句意：它持续了1300年，从隋朝到清朝。根据“the Sui dynasty to the Qing dynasty”可知，from...to...“从……到……”，故填from。 2．句意：它在选拔优秀人才为国家工作方面起到了非常重要的作用。介词in后接动名词作宾语，choosing符合句意，故填choosing。 3．句意：科举考试主要是关于古典文学的。此空修饰动词“were”，用副词，main的副词形式为mainly。故填mainly。 4．句意：起初，诗歌在早期的科举考试中非常重要，但后来写作变得更为重要。根据“writing was more important later”可知，前后是转折关系，but符合句意，故填but。 5．句意：国家每三年举行一次考试，考试分为四个等级。根据“it had 4 levels”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，held符合句意，故填held。 6．句意：学生必须先通过最低等级的考试才能参加更高级别的考试。根据“Students had to first pass the lowest level”可知，此处动词不定式作目的状语，故填to take。 7．句意：大多数学生必须长途跋涉到京城参加考试。根据“long way”可知，a long way“长途”，故填a。 8．句意：他们通常步行前往京城，有些人需要几个月才能到达考场。根据“a few”可知，a few修饰名词复数，months符合句意，故填months。 9．句意：考试当天，官员们仔细检查学生，就像今天的高考一样。根据“gaokao”可知，此处表示“今天的高考”，需使用名词所有格today’s修饰“gaokao”。故填today’s。 10．句意：也许这是他一生中最激动的时刻。根据“in his life”可知，需要最高级修饰moment，the most exciting符合句意，故填the most exciting。 10 Dear Frank, Thanks for inviting me to Russia. I’d love to but I’m not available. I need to help my grandparents during the winter vacation. They are too old to look after 1 (them). And thanks for sending me so many 2 (wonder) buildings’ photos of your city. Now I have something new to share with you. As you know, New Year’s Day is coming. It is one of the most important festivals in China. We usually get together to celebrate it 3 a family meal. But 4 (science) say we shouldn’t eat too much meat. We often make our resolutions at the start of the year. It means a new 5 (begin) of the year. I am glad that I kept my resolutions well. Next year, I will study hard so that I can get into 6 university. I heard that you like eating mapo toufu and gongbao chicken. Let me tell you how 7 (make) mapo toufu. First, cut the tofu into pieces and soak (浸泡) with salt for some minutes. Next, heat some oil to high temperature and pour the beef pieces and stir-fry (煸炒). Then, mix together some ginger (姜) and garlic (蒜), and stir-fry. After that, pour the tofu into the pot and add pepper power (花椒粉). 8 (final), stir-fry them with high temperature until the sauce (调味汁) is nearly dried out. Now you have the delicious food. It is also not difficult to make gongbao chicken. My mother took some photos and 9 (write) the steps on them. You can make it because nothing is 10 (possible) if we try our best. Yours, Wang Cheng 【答案】 1．themselves 2．wonderful 3．with 4．scientists 5．beginning 6．a 7．to make 8．Finally 9．wrote 10．impossible 【解析】本文介绍了王城无法前往俄罗斯的原因、新年计划，并分享了制作麻婆豆腐的方法。 1．句意：他们太老了，不能照顾自己。根据“They are too old to look after ...”可知，他们不能照顾自己，此处用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 2．句意：谢谢你给我寄来你城市那么多奇妙的建筑物的照片。根据“buildings’ photos of your city”可知，此处修饰名词photos，用形容词wonderful作定语。故填wonderful。 3．句意：我们通常聚在一起吃一顿家庭大餐来庆祝它。根据“We usually get together to celebrate it ... a family meal”可知，此处表示“用一顿家庭大餐来庆祝”，用介词with表示“用”。故填with。 4．句意：但是科学家说我们不应该吃太多肉。根据“say we shouldn’t eat too much meat”可知，此处表示“科学家”，谓语是动词原形，主语用名词复数scientists“科学家”。故填scientists。 5．句意：这意味着新的一年的开始。根据“It means a new ... of the year”可知，此处表示“新的一年的开始”，用名词beginning作宾语。故填beginning。 6．句意：明年，我将努力学习，以便我能进入一所大学。根据“I will study hard so that I can get into ... university”可知，此处指的是“进入一所大学”，表示泛指，university是以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 7．句意：让我告诉你如何制作麻婆豆腐。根据“Let me tell you how ... mapo toufu”可知，此处是“疑问词+不定式”作宾语，用动词不定式to make。故填to make。 8．句意：最后，用高温煸炒它们，直到调味汁快干了。根据“stir-fry them with high temperature”可知，此处表示“最后”，用副词finally修饰整个句子。故填Finally。 9．句意：我妈妈拍了一些照片，并在上面写了步骤。根据“My mother took some photos and ... the steps on them”可知，此处与took并列，took是动词过去式，此处也用动词过去式wrote。故填wrote。 10．句意：你可以做到，因为如果我们尽力，没有什么是不可能的。根据“You can make it because nothing is ...”可知，此处表示“没有什么是不可能的”，用形容词impossible作表语。故填impossible。 11 A father and his daughter were flying a kite in the park. When they stopped, the young daughter saw an old man 1 (sell) apples. She asked her father 2 (buy) her an apple. Her father didn’t bring much money with him, but it was enough to buy two apples. So, he bought two apples and gave 3 (they) to his daughter. His daughter held one apple in her left hand and 4 other in the right hand. Then the father asked her if she could share one apple with him. When the girl heard this, she quickly took a bite 5 one apple. And before her father could speak, she took a bite from the 6 (two) apple quickly, too. The father was surprised. He wondered why his daughter did like that. He thought maybe his daughter was too young 7 (understand) about sharing and giving. A smile disappeared from his face. But 8 (sudden) his daughter with the apple in her left hand said, “Dad, please have this one. This one is much 9 (sweet).” The 10 (father) smile came back after knowing why his daughter quickly took a bite from each apple. Don’t judge anything too quickly. Always spare some more time to understand things better. 【答案】 1．selling 2．to buy 3．them 4．the 5．from 6．second 7．to understand 8．suddenly 9．sweeter 10．father’s 【解析】本文讲述了一位父亲和女儿在公园放风筝时，女儿通过品尝两个苹果来挑选出更甜的一个给父亲，从而传递了不要过早下结论的重要性。 1．句意：当他们停下来时，小女儿看见一个老人在卖苹果。根据see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”可知，此处要用现在分词作宾补。故填selling。 2．句意：她让她父亲给她买一个苹果。根据ask sb. to do sth.“让/叫某人做某事”可知，此处应用不定式作宾补。故填to buy。 3．句意：于是，他买了两个苹果，并把它们给了他的女儿。gave是动词，后接宾格代词；they的宾格为them，指代“两个苹果”。故填them。 4．句意：他的女儿左手拿着一个苹果，右手拿着另一个。根据“So, he bought two apples”和“His daughter held one apple in her left hand and ... other in the right hand.”可知，此处指另一个苹果在右手，两者中的另一个用the other。故填the。 5．句意：当女孩听到这些，她迅速咬了一口苹果。根据下文“ she took a bite from the ... apple quickly, too.”可知，此处指从苹果上咬了一口，from“从”，符合语境。故填from。 6．句意：爸爸还没来得及说话，她又迅速咬了第二个苹果。空前有定冠词the，此处应用two的序数词second，指“第二个苹果”。故填second。 7．句意：他想也许他的女儿还太小，不明白什么是分享和给予。too ... to表示“太……而不能”，不定式表结果。故填to understand。 8．句意：突然，他的女儿左手拿着苹果说：“爸爸，请吃这个吧。这个甜多了。”根据“But ... his daughter with the apple in her left hand said”可知，此处是修饰整句应用副词suddenly“突然”。故填suddenly。 9．句意：爸爸，请吃这个吧。这个甜多了。根据“This one is much ...”和女儿咬了两个苹果可知，此处暗含比较，much修饰比较级，故此处应用sweet的比较级sweeter。故填sweeter。 10．句意：父亲的笑容又回来了，因为他知道了女儿为什么每个苹果都快速地咬一口。此处是修饰名词smile，应用名词所有格，即father’s“父亲的”。故填father’s。 12 Sometimes we may forget about the volunteers (志愿者). In fact, they are of great importance in activities. This month, I volunteered at the Color Run in Melbourne for the 1 (one) time. I didn’t have as much fun as the runners, but I still learned 2 important lesson. My job was to give a high-five (击掌) to every runner at the finish line. At the 3 (begin), we saw it as a simple job. However, as more and more people came and touched their hands with mine, my arm got uncomfortable. A few hours later, my arm became 4 (bad) than before. Our clothes were all wet and we felt tired. I thought it was difficult 5 (work) as a volunteer. But soon we saw a group of 6 (child) running to us. 7 they were so tired, they still put up their hands and said “High-five! ” excitedly. They were so young but they didn’t stop. And that did make such a big 8 (different) to me. Soon I felt myself become full 9 strength (力量). “Well done, little boys!” I said. The experience really means a lot to me and I carry it in my heart 10 (careful). We meet different people, seeing the spirit (精神) that moves us, and the spirit can make us keep going in our life. 【答案】 1．first 2．an 3．beginning 4．worse 5．to work 6．children 7．Though/Although 8．difference 9．of 10．carefully 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者在墨尔本彩虹跑做志愿者的经历。 1．句意：这个月，我第一次在墨尔本彩虹跑做志愿活动。根据“the”可知，空处需one的序数词first。故填first。 2．句意：我并没有像跑步者那样玩得开心，但我仍然学到了一个重要的教训。根据空后“important lesson”可知，该空需要填入一个不定冠词，important是以元音音素开头的单词，需冠词an修饰。故填an。 3．句意：起初，我们认为这是一个简单的工作。at the beginning“在开始”，固定短语。“beginning”意为“开始”。故填beginning。 4．句意：几个小时后，我的手臂比以前更糟糕了。根据空后“than”可知，该句应用比较级形式，bad“糟糕的”比较级为worse。故填worse。 5．句意：我意识到成为一名志愿者并不容易。It is difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很困难”，固定句型，故空处需动词不定式。故填to work。 6．句意：但很快我们看到一群孩子向我们跑来。根据空前“a group of”可知，该空需要填入一个复数名词，表示一群孩子即“children”。故填children。 7．句意：尽管他们很累，他们仍然伸出手来说兴奋地“击掌！”。根据句式结构可知，该句为让步状语从句，需Though/Although来引导。故填Though/Although。 8．句意：这确实对我产生了很大的影响。make a big difference“有巨大的影响”，固定搭配。其中difference意为“差别，不同”。故填difference。 9．句意：不久我感到自己充满力量。 become full of“变得充满……”，固定搭配。故填of。 10．句意：这次经历对我意义重大，我把它认真地放在我的心里。carry为动词，需副词修饰。careful“认真的”为形容词，其副词为carefully。故填carefully。 13 Once upon a time, a boy moved house. When he came into the new bedroom, he saw it was filled 1 toys, storybooks, pens and pencils. They were very tidy. That day he 2 (play) with the toys, but went to bed without tidying up. However, the next morning all the toys had been put back in their right places. He was sure that no one had entered (进入) 3 (he) bedroom, but didn’t think too much about it. 4 same thing happened that day, and the next day. When the 5 (four) day arrived, every toy jumped out of his hands and said, “I don’t want to play with you!” 6 (final), an old teddy bear told him, “You always leave us so far from our right places. Do you know how difficult it is for the model plane 7 (climb) back up onto the top of the shelf, 8 for the chess pieces to jump into their box? We won’t play with you any more.” The boy understood how badly he treated (对待) the 9 (toy). He said sorry to them, and from that day he always 10 (put) all the toys in their right places before he got into bed. 【答案】 1．with 2．played 3．his 4．The 5．fourth 6．Finally 7．to climb 8．or 9．toys 10．put 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩搬家后与玩具之间发生的故事，旨在说明要爱护自己的物品并养成整理的好习惯。 1．句意：当他走进新卧室时，他看到里面摆满了玩具、故事书、钢笔和铅笔。“be filled with”意为“充满；装满”。故填with。 2．句意：那天他玩了玩具，但睡觉前没有收拾。根据“That day he...with the toys”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时。play的过去式是played。故填played。 3．句意：他确定没有人进入过他的卧室，但并没有过多在意这件事。此处需要用形容词性物主代词修饰名词bedroom，he的形容词性物主代词是his。故填his。 4．句意：那天和第二天同样的事情都发生了。表示特指同样的事情用冠词the，句首单词首字母大写，故填The。 5．句意：当第四天到来时，每个玩具都从他手中跳出来说：“我不想和你玩了！”根据“When the...day arrived”可知，这里表示“第四天”，要用序数词，four的序数词是fourth。故填fourth。 6．句意：最后，一只旧泰迪熊告诉他。根据“..., an old teddy bear told him”可知，这里需要用副词修饰整个句子。final的副词形式是finally，意为“最后”。句首单词首字母大写，故填Finally。 7．句意：你知道模型飞机爬回书架顶部有多难吗，更别提棋子跳进它们的盒子里有多难了？根据“how difficult it is for the model plane...back up onto the top of the shelf”可知，“It is +形容词+ for sb./sth. to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“对某人/某物来说做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。故填to climb。 8．句意：你知道模型飞机爬回书架顶部有多难吗，更别提棋子跳进它们的盒子里有多难了？根据“...for the chess pieces to jump into their box”可知，这里和前面“对模型飞机爬回书架顶部”是并列关系，都在描述玩具回到原位的困难，且句子是否定的语气，所以用or连接，表示“或者”。故填or。 9．句意：男孩明白了他对待玩具是多么糟糕。根据“The boy understood how badly he treated the...”可知，这里的toy不止一个，要用复数形式toys。故填toys。 10．句意：他向它们道歉，从那天起，他总是在睡觉前把所有玩具都放在正确的位置。根据“from that day he always...all the toys in their right places before he got into bed”可知，句子描述的是过去经常发生的动作，要用一般过去时。put的过去式和原形一样，所以填put。故填put。 14 A man who can’t move his hands uses his thoughts to write on a computer screen. 1 man is paralyzed (瘫痪的) from the neck down. That is because 2 (tenth) years ago he had an accident while he was working in the factory. He doesn’t want his name to be known. So scientists call him T5. Not long ago, scientists 3 (successful) put two small sensors (感应器) into his brain. These two sensors allow him 4 (use) his mind to write. The scientists call this “mindwriting”. T5 can write about eighteen 5 (word) every minute. This is five words 6 (slow) than the average (平均的) person writing a text message on a smartphone. Mindwriting is easy to do, but it uses a lot of technology (技术) 7 a special math. Scientists ask T5 to imagine writing on paper, and then the two sensors turn 8 (he) brain activity into text on a computer screen. A scientist 9 (hope) mindwriting will help millions of paralyzed people to write again. It might help people who can’t speak as well. 10 the future, this technology may help us to write at the speed of thought. 【答案】 1．The 2．ten 3．successfully 4．to use 5．words 6．slower 7．and 8．his 9．hopes 10．In 【解析】本文介绍了一种科学发明，能够帮助瘫痪的人把头脑中思考的内容变成文字写出来，未来可能还会有其他功能。 1．句意：这个男人颈部以下瘫痪。根据“A man who can’t move his hands”，这里再次提到这个男人，可知这里是特指前面提到的那个人，所以用定冠词the，且句首首字母大写。故填The。 2．句意：那是因为十年前他在工厂工作时发生了一场事故。这里表示 “十年”，需要用基数词ten。故填ten。 3．句意：不久前，科学家们成功地将两个小感应器植入他的大脑。根据句意可知这里需要一个副词来修饰动词put，successful的副词形式是successfully，表示“成功地”。故填successfully。 4．句意：这两个感应器使他能够用他的思维来书写。allow sb. to do sth.意为 “允许某人做某事”，是固定搭配，所以用to use。故填to use。 5．句意：T5每分钟大约能写18个单词。根据“eighteen”可知后面的名词word要用复数形式words。故填words。 6．句意：这比普通人在智能手机上发短信慢五个单词（的速度）。根据“than”可知，这里要用比较级，slow的比较级是slower，表示“更慢的”。故填slower。 7．句意：意念书写很容易做到，但它使用了大量的技术和一种特殊的数学方法。根据“a lot of technology”和“a special math”可知是并列的，所以用and连接。故填and。 8．句意：科学家让 T5 想象在纸上写字，然后这两个感应器将他的大脑活动转化为电脑屏幕上的文字。根据句意可知这里需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词brain activity，he的形容词性物主代词是his，意为“他的”。故填his。 9．句意：一位科学家希望意念书写能帮助数百万瘫痪的人重新书写。句子描述的是一般事实，主语A scientist是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词hope要用第三人称单数形式hopes。故填hopes。 10．句意：在未来，这项技术可能会帮助我们以思维的速度书写。in the future意为 “在未来”，” 是固定短语，所以用in，且句首首字母大写。故填In。 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 15 What will our world be like if there are no insects? Maybe it will give you much pleasure when there are no bad insects in your everyday life. 1 this could cause many problems in fact. The number of insects keeps down these years. There are also 2 (little) places for insects to live in than before. It 3 (become) a worrying natural problem now. What will happen if all insects die out? I think it will be 4 (real) serious. We need insects to break down(分解) 5 (die) plants and animals and turn them into new things. It provides us 6 the healthy soil (土壤). Besides, insects are food for lots of animals. The animals will be hungry or die without 7 (they). Then what should we do? The scientists spend lots of time 8 (search) for better ways to control the terrible situation. One of the 9 (suggestion) is that people can understand nature and change their ideas about insects as soon as possible. As students, we should protect our mother nature at 10 early age and begins in small ways. 【答案】 1．But 2．less 3．becomes 4．really 5．dead 6．with 7．them 8．searching 9．suggestions 10．an 【解析】本文介绍了昆虫的重要性以及建议我们应该保护自然。 1．句意：但是事实上，这可能会导致许多问题。结合句意，前一句表示也许当你的日常生活中没有害虫时，它会给你带来很多乐趣，后一句表示这可能会导致许多问题，前后表示转折关系，因此用连词but“但是”，故填But。 2．句意：昆虫的栖息地也比以前少了。little“少的”，根据“than”可知，此处用比较级less，故填less。 3．句意：现在它成为一个令人担忧的自然问题。become“成为”，原句是一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式，故填becomes。 4．句意：我认为情况会很严重。real“真的”，是形容词，修饰形容词serious，用副词，故填really。 5．句意：我们需要昆虫来分解死去的植物和动物，把它们变成新的东西。die“死亡”，是动词，修饰名词plants and animals，用形容词dead“死的”，故填dead。 6．句意：它为我们提供了健康的土壤。provide sb with sth“给某人提供某物”，故填with。 7．句意：没有它们，动物们会挨饿或死亡。they“它们”，是主格形式，其宾格形式是them；作为介词without的宾语，用宾格形式，故填them。 8．句意：科学家们花了很多时间寻找更好的方法来控制这种可怕的情况。search“寻找”，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，故填searching。 9．句意：其中一个建议是，人们可以了解自然，尽快改变他们对昆虫的看法。suggestion“建议”，是名词，有one of修饰，用复数形式，故填suggestions。 10．句意：作为学生，我们应该从小就保护我们的自然母亲，从小事做起。at an early age“在很小的时候”，故填an。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$