第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1)-【暑假自学课】2025年新八年级英语暑假提升精品讲义(鲁教版五四制)

第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 常见语篇 一、记叙文（Narrative） 【语篇特征】 记叙文主要以故事的形式进行呈现，其中涵盖了时间（Time）、地点（Place）、人物（Characters）以及事件（Events）这四个关键要素。其行文通常按照时间顺序或者事件发展的先后顺序来逐步展开，一般会具备开头（Introduction），用于引出故事的背景信息；接着是发展（Development），对故事的情节进行逐步推进；随后迎来高潮（Climax），将故事的紧张氛围或重要情节推向顶点；最后是结尾（Conclusion），对整个故事进行收尾总结。这类语篇常常会涉及到人物的情感、个人经历或者成长历程等方面，在语言运用上较为生动形象，往往包含大量的人物对话以及动作描写，以此来增强故事的吸引力和感染力。 【语篇举例】周末活动故事 Last Saturday morning, the sun was shining brightly, casting a warm glow over everything. My parents and I came to the decision that we would go to City Park. It was a place we had been looking forward to visiting for some time. First of all, we chose to ride bikes around the beautiful lake in the park. The gentle breeze blew against our faces as we pedaled, and the clear water of the lake sparkled in the sunlight. The scenery around the lake was truly captivating, with lush greenery and colorful flowers adding to its charm. After that, we found a perfect spot under a big, shady tree and had a delightful picnic. My mom had carefully prepared a delicious spread of sandwiches and fresh, juicy fruit. We sat there, enjoying the food and the peaceful atmosphere, chatting and laughing together. In the afternoon, I had an exciting time flying a kite with my dad. As the kite took off, it seemed to dance gracefully in the wind, rising higher and higher. We watched it intently, and couldn't help but laugh loudly with joy. The sight of the kite soaring through the sky was truly exhilarating. When the time to go home finally arrived, although I felt physically tired from all the activities, I was filled with a deep sense of happiness. It was such a wonderful weekend, filled with beautiful memories that I would cherish for a long time. [语篇分析] 语篇主题：旨在详细描述主人公在周末与家人一同前往公园的具体经历。 语篇结构： 开头：明确交代了时间为“Saturday morning”，人物是“我（I）”以及“我的父母（my parents）”，为整个故事的展开奠定了基础。 发展：依照时间顺序，有条不紊地描述了一系列活动，如“骑自行车（rode bikes）”“野餐（had a picnic）”“放风筝（flew a kite）”，让读者能够清晰地感受到故事的发展脉络。 结尾：通过表达“happy day, love weekends with family”，总结出主人公的感受，传达出对这一美好周末时光的喜爱与满足。 从时间线索来看，依次为“Last Saturday morning → Then → In the afternoon → When it was time to go home”，清晰明了。整个文章结构严谨，借助具体的动作描写，如“rode bikes”“had a picnic”“flew a kite”，将各个事件紧密地串联起来，在结尾处对主人公的情感进行总结，使得文章主旨得以凸显。 二、说明文（Expository） 【语篇特征】 说明文是以解释、介绍、说明为主要目的的一种文体。其内容秉持客观公正的原则，不带入过多主观情感，力求准确地传达信息。在语言运用上，简洁明了是一大特点，避免冗长复杂的表述，以确保读者能够迅速且清晰地理解所阐述的内容。 常见主题：这类文体所涉及的主题丰富多样，涵盖事物特征，例如对某种珍稀植物独特形态和特性的讲解；科学现象，像日食、月食等天文现象的原理阐释；流程步骤，比如如何制作一款美味蛋糕的详细步骤介绍等。 结构特点与说明方法：其结构多呈现为总分总或者分点论述的形式。在论述过程中，会运用多种说明方法来增强文章的说服力和可读性。举例（for example），即通过列举具体事例来使抽象概念或复杂内容更易于理解；比较（compare），将所描述对象与其他类似事物进行对比，突出其特点；分类（classify），把事物按照一定标准分成不同类别，分别进行说明。 【语篇举例】介绍动物 —— 熊猫 Pandas are highly renowned animals native to China. Their distinctive appearance features black - and - white fur, a rotund body that gives them an endearing, chubby look, and large black eyes that are accentuated by the thick "black circles" around them, which seem to make their eyes even more captivating. These adorable creatures have a rather specialized diet, mainly subsisting on bamboo. In fact, they are so dedicated to consuming this plant that they spend approximately 12 hours each day munching away on bamboo shoots and leaves. Despite being adored by people all over the globe, pandas are unfortunately facing a precarious situation. The current state of their population in the wild is alarmingly low, with only around 2,000 pandas remaining in their natural habitats. This decline is due to various factors such as habitat loss and fragmentation. To ensure the survival of these precious animals, it is of utmost importance that we take proactive measures. We must safeguard their natural habitats, which are crucial for their existence. Additionally, planting more bamboo trees is essential. Bamboo is not only their primary food source but also an integral part of their living environment. By doing so, we can help create a more sustainable future for pandas and ensure that these beloved animals continue to thrive on our planet. [语篇分析] 语篇主题：该篇文章旨在全面介绍熊猫的外貌、习性以及生存现状，让读者对熊猫这一独特动物有较为系统的认识。 语篇结构： 总起：文章开篇点明熊猫是中国的国宝（national treasure），这一表述直接确立了熊猫在中国乃至世界范围内的特殊地位，引发读者对后续内容的兴趣。 分述：（1）外貌：着重描述熊猫具有黑白相间的毛色，这种独特的毛色搭配使其在众多动物中辨识度极高。其体型圆胖，给人一种憨态可掬的感觉。尤为引人注目的是那大大的黑眼睛周围环绕着厚厚的“黑眼圈”（black circles around eyes），这一标志性特征更增添了熊猫的可爱形象。（2）习性：文中指出这些可爱的动物主要以竹子（bamboo）为食，这一习性颇为独特。并且它们每天花费约12小时进食，由此可见竹子在其生活中的重要性以及进食对于它们生存的关键意义。（3）现状：尽管熊猫深受世界各地人们的喜爱，然而它们正面临着严峻的生存危机，处于濒危（endangered）状态。目前，野外仅存约2000只熊猫，这一数据直观地反映出熊猫生存现状的紧迫性。 总结：文章结尾呼吁大家必须保护熊猫的栖息地，通过种植更多的竹子树来帮助它们更好地生存下去，升华了保护熊猫这一主题。 从结构上看，该文章采用了总 — 分 — 总结构，且分点清晰，按照外貌→习性→现状的顺序依次展开论述，层次分明。在说明方法的运用上，通过列数字（about 2,000 pandas），准确地呈现出熊猫在野外的数量，让读者对其濒危程度有更直观的认识；举例子（eat bamboo），以熊猫吃竹子为例，生动地说明了熊猫的习性特点，使文章内容更具说服力。 三、应用文（Practical Writing） 【语篇特征】 应用文具有独特的特征，其核心目的在于服务于各种实际用途。在日常生活和工作场景中，常见的应用文类型包括通知（Notice）、书信（Letter）、海报（Poster）以及广告（Advertisement）等等。每一种类型都有着特定的功能，例如通知用于传达信息，书信用于沟通交流，海报用于宣传活动，广告用于推广产品或服务。 从格式方面来看，应用文具有固定的模式。以书信为例，它通常具备称呼、正文以及结尾这几个部分。称呼用于明确收信人，正文是核心内容的阐述区域，结尾则用于表达礼貌和署名等。在语言运用上，应用文讲究简洁明了，要求在有限的文字中包含关键信息，像时间、地点以及目的等重要元素，以确保信息能够准确无误地传达给受众。 同时，应用文常常会直接表达需求，常见的如邀请、提醒或者呼吁等。比如邀请他人参加活动，提醒对方注意某些事项，呼吁大众关注某个问题等。 【语篇举例】邀请信——生日派对为例进行详细说明： Dear Lily, I’m writing to invite you to my 13th birthday party! The party will be at my home, 56 Garden Street, this Sunday at 3 p.m. We’ll play games, eat a big cake, and watch a funny movie. I really hope you can join us! Please let me know if you can come. Love, Anna [语篇分析] 该文章的主题设定为邀请朋友参加生日派对。其文章结构遵循书信的常规格式： 称呼：Dear Lily, 这一称呼明确了信件的接收对象为Lily。 正文： 事件：明确指出是“我的13岁生日派对”，让对方清楚知晓活动的性质。 时间：“周日下午3点”，精确地给出了派对开始的时间，方便对方安排日程。 地点：“家中（具体地址56 Garden Street）”，详细的地点信息使受邀者能够准确找到派对举办地。 活动：“游戏、吃蛋糕、看电影”，清晰地列举出派对上将会进行的活动内容，让受邀者对派对有更直观的了解。 结尾：“期待你的到来（Hope you can come!）”，表达出对朋友前来参加派对的热切期盼。 通过对这个例子的分析可以看出： 格式：该邀请信完全符合书信结构，具备称呼“Dear Lily”，正文详细阐述派对相关信息，以及落款“Love, Anna”。 关键信息：时间方面，“Sunday at 3 p.m.”清晰明确；地点“56 Garden Street”具体准确；活动内容“play games, eat a big cake, and watch a funny movie”表述清晰，这些关键信息都完整且明确地呈现出来，符合应用文简洁明了、包含关键信息的特征。 四、议论文（Argumentative） 【语篇特征】 议论文具有独特的特征，尽管在八年级的学习内容中此类文体出现较少，但在一些简单的观点类文章里还是能够见到。其核心特点在于表达 观点（Opinion），并且会通过阐述理由（Reasons）以及列举例子（Examples）来进行论证。 从结构方面来看，议论文通常遵循特定的模式，即提出观点→论证→总结。这种结构清晰明了，有助于读者准确把握文章的主旨和论述脉络。 在语言运用上，议论文有着显著的标志，常常会包含观点词，例如 “I think”“In my opinion” 等，这些词汇能够直接表明作者的立场。同时，还会运用连接词，像 “First”“Second”“Finally” 等，这些连接词的作用是使文章的论述层次更加分明，逻辑更为连贯。 【语篇举例】 “学生是否该做家务” I firmly believe that students ought to engage in housework while at home. To begin with, it serves as a crucial means of helping us learn to be self-reliant. For instance, tasks like washing clothes or cooking are not merely mundane chores; they impart valuable skills that will be indispensable in our future lives. Washing clothes teaches us the proper way to care for different fabrics, while cooking allows us to explore the world of flavors and nourish ourselves. Secondly, undertaking housework provides us with a profound understanding of the arduous efforts our parents put in. When we take on the responsibility of cleaning the room, we become acutely aware that they spend a significant amount of time and energy in maintaining the tidiness of the house. This realization instills in us a sense of gratitude and respect for their hard work. In summary, engaging in housework is highly beneficial to us. It not only fosters our independence but also deepens our understanding of our parents' toil. Therefore, we should make it a regular practice to do housework. [语篇分析] 观点部分明确提出：Students should help with housework. 这一观点简洁有力，直接表明了作者对于学生做家务这件事的态度。 在理由阐述方面，有两个重要的支撑点。其一，做家务能够培养学生独立（learn to be independent）。就像文中所举的例子，washing clothes or cooking（洗衣服或做饭），这些日常家务活动能够教授学生一些面向未来生活的实用技能，从而帮助他们逐渐学会独立。其二，做家务能让学生理解父母辛苦（understand parents’ hard work）。当学生亲自去 clean the room（打扫房间）时，他们就会切实地体会到父母花费了大量时间来维持家里的整洁，进而明白父母的辛劳。 最后总结部分指出：做家务对学生有益。 对这篇文章进行分析可以发现，它的结构十分清晰，观点明确，并且从培养独立和理解父母辛苦这两点理由展开论证，还运用了 “For example” 进行举例说明，使论证更加具体生动。在语言方面，文章恰当地使用了 “I think”“First”“Second”“In conclusion” 等逻辑词，让文章的论述逻辑严谨，层次分明，充分体现了议论文的特点。 解读技巧 一、记叙文：抓时间线与情感脉络 【解读策略】 全面聚焦 “5W1H” 原则，即深入探究 “When”（何时），明确事件发生的具体时间节点；“Where”（何地），精准定位事件发生的地点；“Who”（何人），清晰确定参与事件的相关人物；“What”（何事），详细梳理事件的具体内容；“Why”（为何），透彻分析事件发生的原因；“How”（如何），细致了解事件发展的方式与过程。与此同时，要认真梳理事件的发展顺序，从起始到高潮再到结局，清晰把握事件脉络。并且，密切关注文本中出现的情感词，诸如 “happy”（开心）、“surprised”（惊讶）等，这些情感词能够生动反映出人物当时的情绪状态。还要着重留意动作链，像 “ran”（跑）、“shouted”（呼喊）等，通过这些动作可以更加直观地呈现事件的动态发展过程。 【阅读语段】 Last Sunday, Tom visited his grandparents in the countryside. In the morning, he helped feed the chickens. At noon, his grandma cooked a big meal. In the afternoon, he picked apples with his grandpa. Though tired, Tom felt very happy. [结构分析] 时间线：Last Sunday → In the morning → At noon → In the afternoon 情感变化：helped（主动）→ cooked（温馨）→ picked（愉快）→ happy（总结） [解读技巧] 用 “__” 划出时间状语，明确事件顺序。 圈出情感形容词（happy），判断人物态度。 问题如 “What did Tom do in the afternoon?” 直接定位 “picked apples”。 二、说明文：理逻辑词与信息分层 【解读策略】 首先（first），运用 “first” 这一逻辑词，明确开始阐述的内容，着重抓住说明对象所具备的特征，深入剖析其独特之处，这些特征是理解说明对象本质的关键要素。接着（next），使用 “next” 来推进层次，关注说明对象所拥有的功能，详细阐释其在不同场景下能够发挥的作用，功能是说明对象实际应用价值的体现。最后（finally），借助 “finally” 来收尾，梳理说明对象涉及的步骤，清晰呈现其操作流程或者发展顺序，步骤对于完整理解说明对象的运行机制或发展脉络至关重要。通过这样以 “first, next, finally” 等逻辑词划分层次的方式，全面且有条理地把握说明对象的特征、功能、步骤。 【阅读语段】 How to Make a Sandwich? First, prepare bread, butter, and vegetables. Next, put butter on the bread. Then, add vegetables like lettuce and tomatoes. Finally, put another piece of bread on top. Now you have a delicious sandwich! [结构分析] 说明对象：制作三明治的步骤 逻辑词：First → Next → Then → Finally（流程清晰） [解读技巧] 用 “①②③” 标注步骤，对应问题中的 “order”。 注意细节词（如 “lettuce and tomatoes”），避免张冠李戴。 问题如 “What’s the second step?” 直接定位 “put butter on the bread”。 三、应用文：扫关键信息与格式标志 【解读策略】 在面对大量文本信息时，建议采用快速浏览的方式，重点关注标题、加粗字体以及表格等部分。通过这种方式，能够高效地锁定关键信息，其中包括具体的时间，例如像“7:00 p.m.”这样明确的时刻；地点信息，例如“School Hall”这类具体的场所；还有联系方式，比如“Tel: 888 - 1234”这种提供联系途径的内容。如此，能迅速获取重要信息，为进一步分析和处理信息奠定基础。 【阅读语段】 Notice Date: October 15th Time: 2:30-4:30 p.m. Place: School Library Activity: Book Sale—All books 50% off! Come and find your favorite books! [结构分析] 格式：标题（Notice）+ 分点信息（日期、时间、地点、活动） 关键信息：October 15th, 2:30-4:30 p.m., Library, 50% off [解读技巧] 用 “△” 标注时间、地点，问题如 “When is the book sale?” 直接匹配 “October 15th”。 忽略描述性语句（如 “Come and find...”），优先提取干货信息。 四、议论文：辨论点与论据关系 【解读策略】 首先，需要仔细阅读文本，在其中找寻论点句。通常情况下，论点句常常出现在文本的开头部分，因为这是一种较为常见的引出主题并表明核心观点的方式；另外，论点句也有可能出现在文本的结尾，通过前文的阐述，最后总结得出论点。在确定论点句之后，下一步就要去甄别并使用 “√” 来明确标注出支持论据。这里所指的支持论据，包括各种具体的例子，通过实例来支撑论点，让论点更具说服力；还包括各类数据，用客观的数据来论证论点的正确性和可靠性。 【阅读语段】 Reading is important. First, it improves our vocabulary. For example, when we read novels, we learn new words. Second, reading makes us clever. Studies show that reading for 30 minutes a day can make us smarter. So, everyone should read every day. [结构分析] 论点：Reading is important（首句） 论据：① improves vocabulary（举【阅读语段】novels → new words）；② makes us clever（数据：30 minutes a day） 结论：everyone should read every day（尾句） [解读技巧] 用 “★” 标记论点，问题如 “What’s the main idea?” 直接选 “Reading is important”。 论据题如 “Why is reading important?” 需整合 “vocabulary” 和 “smarter” 两点。 五、诗歌：品押韵与意象情感 【解读策略】 重点关注文本中所呈现的押韵规律，诸如常见的abab式押韵模式。这种押韵方式能够赋予文字一种节奏感与韵律美，使读者在阅读过程中感受到一种和谐的音韵流动。同时，要留意文本里运用的比喻手法，例如 “Time is a river” 这样的表述，它将抽象的时间概念生动形象地比作具象的河流，让读者更易于理解和感受时间的特性。此外，还需通过文本中重复出现的词汇，像 “sun”（太阳）、“smile”（微笑）等，来深入体会其中所蕴含的情感。这些重复出现的词汇往往承载着作者想要着重传达的某种情感，它们可能是喜悦、温暖，亦或是其他复杂的情感表达，帮助读者更精准地把握文本的情感脉络。 【阅读语段】 The Sun The sun is a golden ball, That shines over hills and all. It wakes the birds with its light, And makes the world feel warm and bright. [结构分析] 押韵：ball/all（第 1、2 行）；light/bright（第 3、4 行）→ abab 式 意象：golden ball（比喻太阳），warm and bright（情感词） [解读技巧] 划出押韵词，判断情感基调（欢快 / 忧伤）。 问题如 “What does the sun compare to?” 定位 “golden ball”。 六、广告：提促销点与产品优势 【解读策略】 在分析相关内容时，重点聚焦于大写字母、感叹号以及诸如 “Free”（免费）、“Sale”（促销）、“Best”（最佳）这类具有明显优惠性质的词汇。这些元素往往能够突出关键信息，吸引受众的注意力。与此同时，对于那些相对次要的描述，比如一些冗长且对核心优惠或重点信息补充作用不大的表述，可以选择忽略，以便更精准地把握核心要点，高效筛选出最具价值的信息。 【阅读语段】 COOL SUMMER SALE! Buy one T-shirt, get one free! All shorts 30% off! Visit our store at 123 Main Street Before July 31st! Don’t miss it! [结构分析] 促销信息：Buy one, get one free；30% off；Before July 31st 行动号召：Visit our store；Don’t miss it! [解读技巧] 用 “→” 标注优惠（如 “买一送一”），问题如 “What’s the offer?” 直接选 “Buy one, get one free”。 注意有效期（July 31st），避免混淆时间。 题型策略 题型 关键技巧 答案定位示例 细节理解题 关键词定位，直接匹配文中细节 题干 “get up”→文中 “6:30 a.m.” 推理判断题 排除矛盾选项，合理推断隐含信息 找 “knife in the drawer”→推断找刀 词义猜测题 利用上下文线索（同义、反义、因果） “bigger than”→huge=very big 主旨大意题 找高频词和主题句，概括整体内容 高频词 “soccer”→标题选 “My Favorite Sport” 一、细节理解题 这类题目主要聚焦于考查考生对文章中具体信息的直接提取能力。这里所提及的具体信息，涵盖了诸如时间、地点、人物、数字等多个方面。时间信息可能涉及到具体的日期、年份、时间段等；地点信息会明确指出事件发生的场所，如城市、国家、特定地点等；人物信息包含文中所涉及的具体人物身份、特征等；数字信息则可能是数量、比例、价格等。 此类题目所设置的问题，常常以 “What, When, Where, Who, How” 等特殊疑问词开头。值得注意的是，针对这些问题，考生能够在原文中直接找到与之对应的句子，通过对该对应句的准确理解和提取，即可得出正确答案。 【阅读语段】 My name is Lily. I go to school from Monday to Friday. Every morning, I get up at 6:30 a.m. I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. Then I walk to school with my friend Tom. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. My favorite subject is English, and I have English every day. After school, I often play basketball with my classmates. 1.What time does Lily get up? A. 6:00 a.m. B. 6:30 a.m. C. 7:00 a.m. D. 8:00 a.m. 2.How does Lily go to school? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot. D. By car. 二、推理判断题 此类题型的内容特征在于，重点考查的是考生透过文中隐含信息，运用逻辑思维进行合理推导的能力。也就是说，问题的答案并不会在文章中直接呈现出来，需要考生深入理解文本内容，挖掘其中隐藏的线索，进而做出准确的推断。 常见的提问方式有：“What can we infer from the passage?” 此问法旨在让考生依据文章整体内容，推测出未明确表述的信息；还有 “What will happen next?” 这种问法，则是要求考生基于文章当前所呈现的情节、趋势等，对后续可能发生的事情进行合理推测。 【阅读语段】 It was Sunday afternoon. Sarah and her brother Sam were at home. Their parents were out. “I’m hungry,” said Sam. “Let’s make a sandwich.” “Good idea,” Sarah said. They went to the kitchen. Sarah took out bread, butter, and tomatoes. Sam looked for the knife, but he couldn’t find it. “Mom usually puts it in the drawer,” he said. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A. Sam is Sarah’s cousin. B. Their parents are at home. C. Sam is hungry. D. They want to make soup. 2.What will they do next? A. Look for the knife in the drawer. B. Go to the supermarket. C. Call their mom. D. Eat bread and butter. 三、词义猜测题 这一类型的题目主要考查考生依据文章的上下文语境来推测生词、短语或者句子确切含义的能力。在题目中，常见的标志性表述为：“What does the underlined word ‘___’ mean?” ，通过这样的提问方式，要求考生利用所给文本的前后逻辑关系、语义联系等线索，准确解读出特定词汇、短语或句子在该语境下的意义。 【阅读语段】 Today is June 1st, Children’s Day. Amy goes to the zoo with her classmates. There are many animals there. The pandas are very lazy, but cute. The elephants are so huge — they are much bigger than Amy. She is a little afraid of them. The monkeys are funny; they jump up and down in the trees. 1.The underlined word “huge” means ______. A. very small B. very big C. very short D. very thin 2.What does “afraid of” mean in the passage? A. 喜欢 B. 害怕 C. 想念 D. 照顾 四、主旨大意题 此类题型的内容特征主要体现在对考生概括文章整体内容能力的考查上。在阅读理解题目中，主旨大意题旨在检验考生是否能够从繁杂的文字信息里提炼出文章的核心主旨。其常见的提问方式有：“What’s the main idea of the passage?” 该问法直接询问文章的主要观点是什么，要求考生对文章整体所传达的核心思想进行总结。还有 “Which is the best title?” 此问法侧重于让考生从选项中挑选出最能准确概括文章内容的标题，这不仅需要考生理解文章主旨，还需具备一定的语言提炼和归纳能力，以判断哪个标题能最恰当地反映文章的核心要点。 【阅读语段】 Hello, I’m Mike. I love sports. My favorite sport is soccer. I play soccer with my friends every Saturday. We have a small team called “The Lions”. Last week, we had a match with another team. We played very hard and won the game. Everyone was excited. Playing sports makes me healthy and happy. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Mike’s favorite sport is basketball. B. Mike’s team is called “The Tigers”. C. Mike enjoys playing soccer and the fun of sports. D. Mike won a ping-pong match last week. 2.Which is the best title for the passage? A. My School Life B. My Favorite Sport — Soccer C. A Terrible Match D. How to Play Soccer 1 Summer Programs at Museums The Postal Museum Date: July 17-23 Age: 11-13 Would you like to join us this summer vacation? You can make a stamp with your own design (设计), write and mail a postcard, and learn about the history of stamps. Tel: 965-0400 The Air and Space Museum Date: July 29-30 Age: 8-11 If you enjoy programs about air and space, please come here. It’s a good place to make and fly your own paper plane, watch an IMAX movie, and climb into a real plane. Tel: 654-0930 The Science Museum Date: August 7-20 Age: 9-12 You can experience video arts and computer technology, play VR games to explore (探索) a future city, and ask the robots questions about science. It will be wonderful! Have fun! Tel: 357-3030 The Building Museum Date: August 21-27 Age: 13-15 Want to enjoy design challenges? Come and join us. You can also go on field trips to some famous buildings, and build small houses with soft blocks. All the programs are free. Tel: 272-0560 1．Which number can you call if you want to learn about the history of stamps? A．272-0560. B．357-3030. C．654-0930. D．965-0400. 2．What can you do at the Air and Space Museum? A．Make a stamp. B．Build a house. C．Make a paper plane. D．Play VR games. 3．You can ask the robots questions about science at the ________. A．Postal Museum B．Science Museum C．Building Museum D．Air and Space Museum 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．All the programs at the Building Museum are free. B．You can watch an IMAX movie at the Postal Museum. C．A 13-year-old student can join in the programs at the Science Museum. D．You can join in the programs at the Air and Space Museum on August 15th. 5．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a report. B．In a storybook. C．In a newspaper. D．In a food magazine. 2 Lake Puraquequara, Brazil A village on water was stranded (搁浅的) The village was usually on the water in the Amazon rainforest. However, there was little rain in Brazil last year. The lake was short of water. The village was stranded on the lake bed as a result. California, America Using AI to stop fires California uses AI to report wild fire. The AI can find smoke and fire. It uses over a thousand cameras in forests across the state. In two months, AI found 77 fires before any 911 calls came in. Ogasawara Islands, Japan A new island came out An underwater volcano (火山) broke out on October 21,2023. By early November, a new island near Japan came out. The new island was as high as 20 meters above the sea and then it became smaller. Kenya Families left homes Many families in Kenya left their homes because of floods. Trains to and from Mombasa had to stop running. The floods started after heavy rain. The warm sea water made the weather worse. 6．What do people use AI to report in the news? A．Dry weather. B．Wild fire. C．Heavy rain. D．Big flood. 7．In which country do floods make people leave their homes? A．Brazil. B．America. C．Japan. D．Kenya. 8．The news is about ________. A．natural disasters B．interesting places C．traffic accidents D．tourist cultures 3 I am Black Beauty. I think a horse fair was an interesting place. There was always a lot to see. There were young horses from the country and many beautiful horses too. But there were also a lot of poor, thin horses, tired from hard work. I was very sad to see them. At the horse fair, there was a man with a gentle voice and kind grey eyes. He offered 23 pounds to buy me, but they didn’t accept and he walked away. Then a man with a very loud voice came. I was afraid he was going to buy me, but he walked away. Then the grey-eyed man came back again and said, “I will pay 24 for him.” “OK,” said the salesman, “He’s a very good horse and if you want a horse for cab (出租马车) work, he’s exactly the one you’re looking for.” Half an hour later, we left the horse fair and walked along the roads, and finally got to that great city—London. There were streets to the right, and streets to the left. We went into one of the small streets, and then into a very narrow street, with small, old houses on one side, and stables (马厩) on the other. My new owner stopped at a house. The door opened, and a young woman, a little girl and boy, came out. They all looked at me. “Is he gentle, Father?” “Yes, Dolly, just like a baby cat. You can touch him.” Dolly, the little girl, gave me a gentle touch without fear. It felt good! Then they led me into a comfortable, clean stable, with lots of dry straw, and after a delicious meal, I lay down to sleep. —Adapted from Black Beauty 9．What kind of horses did Black Beauty see at the horse fair? ①Young horses.    ②Beautiful horses.    ③Poor, thin horses. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 10．How much did the grey-eyed man finally pay for Black Beauty? A．20 pounds. B．23 pounds. C．24 pounds. D．47 pounds. 11．Where did the grey-eyed man and Black Beauty go after they left the horse fair? A．To London. B．To a village. C．To a small town. D．To another horse fair. 12．What did the little girl Dolly do when she saw Black Beauty? A．She shouted at him. B．She gave him a gentle touch. C．She led him into her room. D．She was afraid and ran away. 13．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．Dolly kept a baby cat as a pet at home B．the horse fair was a place for horses to do different work C．Black Beauty would have a happy life with the new family D．the grey-eyed man would sell Black Beauty to others for more money 4 At the picnic, Tom and Becky went into the caves with the other children. They took their candles and walked down a small tunnel. Then Tom saw a small opening he had never seen before. He decided to explore. Becky came with him. They made some marks on the wall. This would help them find their way back. They found a large cave with a spring in it. There were a lot of bats hanging on the roof. The bats did not like the candlelight and attacked the children. Tom and Becky ran. They did not watch where they were going. They escaped from the bats and found a lake. They sat down to rest. “We haven’t heard the other children for a long time,” said Becky. “We’d better go back,” suggested Tom. They tried to find a way back without going through the cave with bats. However, they didn’t know how to get back. They began to shout. Nobody answered. Becky began to cry. “Tom, Tom, we can never get out! We should not have left the others!” Tom tried to make her feel better. They walked around for a while. Then they found a spring and stayed there. Tom had some cake from the picnic in his pocket, and he gave it to Becky. He ate a small piece himself. They shouted again and sat down to wait. They fell asleep. They woke up. They drank water. They fell asleep again. They woke up again. They did not know how long they had been there. 14．Why did Tom and Becky make some marks on the wall? A．To explore the cave. B．To tell other children. C．To help them go back. D．To run away from bats. 15．What is the correct order for Tom and Becky? a. They shouted again and waited.  b. They came into a small opening. c. They didn’t know how to get back.  d. They ate some cake near the spring. e. They met a lot of bats and ran away. A．c-b-a-e-d B．c-b-e-d-a C．b-e-c-a-d D．b-e-c-d-a 16．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Cake. B．Picnic C．Water. D．Spring. 17．According to the passage, we infer that Becky ________. A．had no home B．became afraid C．got hurt badly D．found treasure 5 When you visit someone’s new home for the first time, it’s nice to bring a gift. Housewarming gifts may not be as common (普遍) as birthday gifts, but they show one’s kindness. When to give a housewarming gift? The best time to give a housewarming gift is within the first three to six months after someone moves in. When you go to the housewarming party, you should always bring a gift. Even if there’s no party, but you will visit someone’s new home within the first six months after they move in, a gift is still a good idea. Who should get a housewarming gift? Housewarming gifts are not just for people who buy their first home. Anyone moving into a new place would love to get a gift. It’s a nice way to say “welcome and congratulations”. What should be avoided when giving the gift? It’s important to bring the right kind of housewarming gift. But how do you choose one? Try not to give very expensive gifts. Usually the price of a housewarming gift should be between $25 and $50. For example, house plants and picture frames are popular housewarming gifts within this budget (预算). If you don’t know the person’s taste very well, you’d better not send art or furniture. Housewarming gifts are a lovely way to celebrate someone’s new home and make their space comfortable and welcome. The next time you visit a friend’s new home, remember to bring a gift and, of course, follow the rules for gift-giving. 18．According to the passage, we can know housewarming gifts ________. A．are only for the first house B．should show names on them C．are the same as birthday gifts D．can be given within half a year 19．Which gift is the most suitable when visiting a friend’s new home? A．A bag ($100). B．A book ($13). C．Flowers($48). D．Toys ($56). 20．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 21．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to move to a new home B．Tips for housewarming gift-giving C．When to visit one’s new home D．Rules for choosing birthday presents 6 Technology is making our life smart in many ways. Do you sometimes dream of wearing a fashionable and smart jacket? Levi’s, a famous clothing company (公司), is working with Google, a technology (科技) company, to make a special kind of jacket—a “smart” jacket! What makes it “smart”? It’s a special technology on the cuff (袖口). When somebody calls you, your jacket shows lights to let you know somebody is calling. A touch on the cuff can give directions to help you get to where you need to go. The jacket can also play music when you join it with a mobile phone. Now, people can buy the Levi’s smart jacket on the Internet for $350. It is just a start for smart clothing. Google plans to use the technology for more kinds of clothing. It’s cooperating with other fashion companies to make more useful clothes with more technology. Technology is also changing the way to make clothes. With the help of new technology, designers can make new materials. A company uses yeast cells (酵母细胞) to make a new material that feels like leather. With better and better technology, the fashion world will keep surprising us. Who knows what other cool, useful and smart fashion is waiting for us in the future? 22．What makes the special jacket “smart”? A．Its looks. B．Its material. C．The names of the companies. D．The technology on the cuff. 23．How much does the smart jacket cost? A．$300. B．$350. C．$400. D．$450. 24．What can the smart jacket do when someone calls? A．It can play music. B．It can show lights. C．It can answer the call. D．It can give directions. 25．The underlined phrase “cooperating with” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．working with B．looking after C．listening to D．thinking about 26．What’s the best title for this article? A．Google Has New Ideas For Fashion B．Technology Makes Smart Life C．The Future of Fashion Technology D．New Technology in Clothing 7 Food allergies can be very dangerous for people. Their bodies may itch (发痒). They may want to throw up and can even die from allergies. What’s worse, food allergies are becoming more common these days. Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies around the world. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said one reason for this might be that we have fewer interactions with microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train” our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies have fewer chances to get close to microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors for longer hours. Doctors are using more antibiotics (抗生素) on us as children-antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop the development of allergies. 27．What does the underlined word “allergies” most probably mean in Chinese? A．过敏 B．中毒 C．上瘾 D．免疫 28．What may happen when people have food allergies, according to the passage? A．They may lose weight. B．They may get hungry easily. C．They may want to throw up. D．They may feel thirsty all the time. 29．According to Nadeau, what might be the reason why more people are getting food allergies? A．They do more outdoor activities. B．They eat many different kinds of food. C．They keep pets in their homes. D．They don’t interact a lot with microbiota. 30．In which section of a magazine could you find this article? A．Food. B．Health. C．Music. D．Culture. 8 Nick was a proud (自负的) boy. He thought that he was the best in everything he did. Whenever he lost, he would always find excuses (借口). One Friday, Randy and Jack came to the playground to play badminton. Jack was much better at badminton than Randy. After about half an hour, Randy said to Jack, “Oh, I need to take a rest. I have to say that you are really good at this game.” Their classmate Nick heard this. He laughed out loud and said, “Randy, that’s because you are really bad at the sport. I am the best of the three of us.” Then, he asked Jack if he would like to play with him. Jack said, “OK.” Then, the two began to play. As a tall boy, Nick showed great skill (技巧) at playing badminton. It was not easy for Jack to win, but still, he won the game. To Jack’s surprise, Nick said, “I can win if I have a racket (球拍) as good as yours.” However, Jack didn’t think so. He said, “Let’s swap rackets to play again.” Unluckily for Nick, he still lost the game. This time round, Nick had no excuses. He lowered his head and planned to leave. However, Jack went over to him, saying, “Do not be sad! You are a skilled player, too.” Hearing this, Nick learned that he should not be too proud because there would always be somebody better than him. 31．Which sentence in Paragraph 2 shows that Nick was proud? A．I need to take a rest. B．that’s because you are really good at the sport. C．I am the best of the three of us. D．he asked Jack if he would like to play with him. 32．What was Nick’s excuse for losing the game? A．He wasn’t as tall as Jack. B．His racket was not good. C．The badminton was not good. D．He was too tired to play well. 33．Which is the right order of the following things? ①Nick lost the game.                        ②Randy wanted to take a rest. ③Randy and Jack played badminton.            ④Nick and Jack played badminton. A．③①②④ B．④③①② C．③②④① D．④②③① 34．What does the underlined word “swap” mean in Chinese in Para. 3? A．扔掉 B．交换 C．擦拭 D．冲洗 35．What mainly can we learn from the passage? A．Better late than never. B．There is no such thing as a free lunch. C．A good friend is like a mirror. D．There is always someone better than you. 9 When your parents are busy at work and have no time to cook, you can pick up the phone and order some food for yourself. Lots of people order takeout these days. But did people eat takeout in ancient (古代的) China? The answer is yes! There was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty (960—1279). People at that time didn’t have phones, but they could still order food. According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong (1127—1194) liked to order takeout late at night. His servants (仆人) then went around the city to bring the dishes back. Common people also liked to order takeout. Restaurant waiters walked around the city or waited outside theaters. People paid them and the waiters would send food to their homes. People at that time even had a special meal box for takeout dishes. It was a long wooden box, and there were two layers of porcelain (两层陶瓷) in it. People put hot water between the two layers to keep the dishes warm. In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), you can even see a takeout worker on the way to send food. 36．How does the writer start the article? A．By showing feelings. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 37．What does “them” refer to (指代) in Paragraph (段落) 3? A．Theaters. B．Waiters. C．Homes. D．Dishes. 38．Which one might be the meal box for takeout dishes in the Song Dynasty? A． B． C． D． 39．Why does the writer mention (提到) Along the River During the Qingming Festival? A．To show that takeout started in ancient time. B．To answer why most people liked to order takeout. C．To tell how people ordered takeout at that time. D．To make people believe the painting was famous. 40．What’s the structure of this passage? (①=Para.1 ②=Para.2 ③=Para.3…) A． B． C． D． 10 Spring is here, and it is time to enjoy West Lake Longjing tea. Usually, we think of workers picking tea leaves by hand. But now, some metal (金属) workers are picking Longjing tea—they are tea-picking robots! In a Hangzhou tea garden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-Tech University set to work for the first time. “We took thousands of pictures of new tea buds (芽) and make the robot learn them carefully. The robot uses an AI model (模型) to find the buds that it needs to pick,” said Professor Chen Jianneng, Party branch secretary (党支部书记) of the research team. This lets the robot find the right tea buds about 90 percent of the time. The tea-picking robot’s arm pulls and then sucks (吸) up the tea buds. These buds are quickly moved into a special box. After the robot gathers (聚集) all the buds from the area (区域) it’s working at, it moves the buds from the box to a main box that holds everything it collects. The robot was made because there are not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400, 000 more pickers are needed now. “Picking is the biggest challenge (挑战) for the development of the tea industry,” said Professor Wu Chuanyu, who leads the research team. “Tea-picking robots are a trend (趋势) of the future,” said Wu. “About five years from now, the robots will do the job of picking Longjing tea instead of people”, Wu added. 41．According to Para. 2, how can the robot find the right tea buds? A．By using an AI model. B．By taking pictures of tea buds. C．By making an AI model. D．By learning pictures of tea buds. 42．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．Where the robot works. B．How the robot works. C．How the robot is made. D．Why the box is special. 43．According to Para. 4, why do people use robots to pick tea? A．Using robots costs less money. B．The tea industry doesn’t need people. C．There are not enough tea pickers. D．Robots do much better in picking tea. 44．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? →paragraph 1, →paragraph 2, … A． B． C． D． 45．What will happen to West Lake Longjing tea according to Wu? A．Robots might do the job of making tea soon. B．There will be few people drink Longjing tea. C．Robots can help taste the tea in the near future. D．There may be few human pickers in five years. 11 Let’s enjoy a movie! ZootopiaFrom a large elephant to a small mouse, animals live happily together in Disney’s Zootopia. Language: English Running Time: 1 Hour and 40 Minutes Price: Weekdays—$60; $30 (children under 6) Weekends—$70; $35 (children under 6) John: I’ve never imagined the movie’s plot (情节) is so interesting. There are 64 kinds of animals in it. After I watched the movie, I learned more about animals. I would highly recommend (推荐) this movie to those animal lovers. David: I have seen many cartoons of this kind, but this one is surprisingly funny and I love the sweet voice in it. My brother and I just couldn’t help laughing from the beginning to the end. Nancy: This movie is so well made. I went to see it with my 5-year-old son last Sunday afternoon. I love the beautiful music while my son loves the rabbit police officer Judy very much. It shows that small animals like her can also do serious work. 46．How long does this movie last? A．60 minutes. B．90 minutes. C．100 minutes. D．120 minutes. 47．What does John like about this movie? A．The sweet voice. B．The interesting plot. C．The special actors. D．The beautiful music. 48．How much should Nancy and her son pay for the movie? A．$65. B．$90. C．$105. D．$130. 49．What can we learn from the passage? A．Zootopia is a movie made by Disney. B．Nancy loves the rabbit in the movie a lot. C．John doesn’t think much of the movie. D．David went to see Zootopia with his father. 50．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Sports. B．Health. C．Art. D．Education. 12 There is a young boy called Bill in my class. He has difficulty (困难) in saying some words. Sometimes, he says the same word twice, or he stutter (结巴). Kids laugh at him sometimes. One day, my teacher asked us to make a school play and he let Bill take part in the show. We were all surprised and wanted to know how he did with his speaking problem. When the show arrived, Bill started to speak. He still stuttered. Then, to our surprise, when the music started, he sang along with it. He had a wonderful voice and didn’t stutter. Bill was different when he sang. The next day at school, everyone was happy for Bill. “It’s easy for people who stutter to sing well. Science doesn’t know why, but it’s true,” said Bill. Bill still stuttered. But sometimes when he couldn’t give an answer in class, he just stopped, and sang the answer. We have learned more than a scientific truth. Everyone has their strong and weak points. We should pay attention to the strong ones. In this way, we can grow up better and better. All the people can get along well with each other. 51．Why do kids make fun of Bill sometimes? A．Because he can’t sing well. B．Because he can’t get along well with others. C．Because he can’t say some words well. D．Because he doesn’t want to talk with others. 52．The students thought Bill’s singing was ________. A．bad B．interesting C．boring D．beautiful 53．Which is the right order of the following events? a. Bill sang well in the play. b. The teacher asked Bill to take part in the play. c. We learned more than a scientific truth. d. Bill said it was easy for people who stutter to sing well. A．b-a-c-d B．a-c-b-d C．b-a-d-c D．a-b-c-d 54．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bill’s classmates didn’t think he could be in the show at first. B．Bill didn’t stutter when he speaks in the show. C．Bill sometimes says the same word for many times. D．Bill can’t answer any questions in class. 55．What is the best title for the passage? A．Be kind to others B．Everyone is right C．Never play jokes on others D．Everyone has their strong points 13 ①China covers a large area (地区). So, the living habits of people around the country are different. Now, one living habit is being talked about a lot: the way that northerners (北方人) and southerners shop at food markets. ②People from southern China say they always buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is normal for them to buy half of a cabbage, two potatoes and 250 grams of beef at a time. ③However, one may be laughed at if he does this in the north. Buying enough vegetables and meat for a week is normal, reported China Daily. ④Also, you can just buy an apple or a pear each time in the south. Shop owners even help you peel and cut the fruit. But shop owners in the north don’t often help to do that. And they sell many fruits in baskets and boxes. ⑤The different weather makes the difference. Food can be kept for a long time in the north, because it is usually cold and dry there. Many northerners have the habit of stocking up (囤货) on food, especially for the long winter. But the hot and wet weather in the south makes southern Chinese people buy just enough food for one meal or one day, or else the food may go bad. 56．How do people in northern China buy food? A．They only buy enough food for a day. B．They buy enough food for about a week. C．They usually buy cheap food. D．They buy more meat than vegetables. 57．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Buying an apple or a pear. B．Selling many fruits together. C．Peeling and cut the fruit. D．Selling many fruits in baskets and boxes. 58．What is the big difference in the shopping habits of the two groups? A．What foods they can buy. B．How much the foods cost. C．How they spend money. D．How long they stock fresh food. 59．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How the weather is different in China B．Chinese people’s differences in buying foods C．Southern Chinese and Northern Chinese people D．Buying different things across China 60．In which part of the magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art B．Sports C．Health D．Culture 14 Making bread is a kind of art for Mary, a baker (面包师)in Wuhan. In Mary’s hands, sugar, salt, flour (面粉)and olive oil (橄榄油)seem to have their own thoughts. Bread seems to come to life when it is in the oven. Her bread has different looks from other bread. Mary’s ideas to make bread came from her life. The clothes she wore, the vegetables she bought, and even the festivals she celebrated all help her make different bread. In 2024, Mary had more time than before, so she made bread of many female portraits (女性肖像). She named the portraits Her Portraits Made of Bread. She added common materials to make the bread faces beautiful. The materials like tomatoes and apples could be bought easily in the supermarket. After putting the dough (面团) into the oven to bake (烤), Mary likes to sit there and watch the bread become different. “You will never know what it will finally look like until it is done,” Mary says. “Making bread is like playing a game. I feel wonderful when I’m in the kitchen.” Mary’s videos of making bread became popular online. People feel relaxed when they watch her videos. So next time, if you don’t feel happy, you can watch her videos and learn to make bread by yourself. 61．What does Mary do? A．A worker. B．A baker. C．A teacher. D．A cook. 62．What does Mary feel when she is making bread? A．Excited. B．Wonderful. C．Relaxed. D．Tired. 63．What gave Mary the ideas to make bread? a. the book she read        b. the clothes she wore c. the vegetables she bought        d. the videos she watched online e. the festivals she celebrated A．ade B．bce C．cde D．acd 64．What’s the right order of Mary’s story? ①She named the portraits. ②She got ideas to make bread from her life. ③Her videos of making bread became popular online. ④She had more time than before and made bread of many female portraits. A．③④①② B．②④③① C．④③①② D．②④①③ 65．What can you get from the passage? A．Mary thinks making bread is a hard job. B．It’s relaxing for people to enjoy Mary’s videos. C．Mary wants to keep warm, so she likes to sit beside the oven. D．It’s difficult to buy the materials Chen used to make the bread faces. 15 Reading is getting more and more popular among young Chinese. A new survey says that 85% of young people in China read at least 1 book last year. The number of young people who are reading has been rising in recent years, especially for teenagers, who read an average (平均) of 11. 5 books last year. The information shows that teenagers spend much more time reading from school textbooks to some other reading things, such as newspapers, e-books, magazines and so on. But younger children aged 2-8 are mainly reading for fun. When it comes to technology (科技) and reading, the survey suggests little. It does point out that many parents control (控制) the time of e-reading, mainly because of worrying about more screen time. However, most Chinese parents are helping their children to build a reading habit. They act as examples for their children. More than 70% of Chinese parents spend at least 20 minutes a day reading to their children aged 0 to 8 years old, and visit bookstores with them an average of three times a year. Information shows that kids and teenagers who do a lot of reading, compared to (与……相比) those who don’t like reading have more books in the home. Their parents read more often, and would like to spend time reading with them. General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward that we should love reading, read good books and be good at reading. We should actively build good reading habits, keep improving our knowledge through reading good books, and let reading become an important part of our life. Remember that although you might lose something else, knowledge can never be taken away from you. Now open a book, and feed your mind. 66．How does the writer support (支持) his opinion in Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By comparing facts. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 67．Why do many parents control the time of their children’s e-reading? A．Because e-books are expensive. B．Because e-reading might be bad for eyes. C．Because children has little time to read. D．Because it’s very difficult to get e-books. 68．The underlined word “act as” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．扮演 B．表演 C．装扮 D．树立 69．The next part of the article will most probably talk about ________. A．developing children’s writing habits B．encouraging parents to read more after work C．listing some different opinions about reading D．introducing some books for young people to read 70．The purpose (目的) of the passage is ________. A．to show how young Chinese like reading B．to list what kinds of books children like C．to ask young Chinese to read more books D．to point out why parents control their children 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 第05讲 阅读理解(题型策略与技能自学1) 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练题型：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 常见语篇 一、记叙文（Narrative） 【语篇特征】 记叙文主要以故事的形式进行呈现，其中涵盖了时间（Time）、地点（Place）、人物（Characters）以及事件（Events）这四个关键要素。其行文通常按照时间顺序或者事件发展的先后顺序来逐步展开，一般会具备开头（Introduction），用于引出故事的背景信息；接着是发展（Development），对故事的情节进行逐步推进；随后迎来高潮（Climax），将故事的紧张氛围或重要情节推向顶点；最后是结尾（Conclusion），对整个故事进行收尾总结。这类语篇常常会涉及到人物的情感、个人经历或者成长历程等方面，在语言运用上较为生动形象，往往包含大量的人物对话以及动作描写，以此来增强故事的吸引力和感染力。 【语篇举例】周末活动故事 Last Saturday morning, the sun was shining brightly, casting a warm glow over everything. My parents and I came to the decision that we would go to City Park. It was a place we had been looking forward to visiting for some time. First of all, we chose to ride bikes around the beautiful lake in the park. The gentle breeze blew against our faces as we pedaled, and the clear water of the lake sparkled in the sunlight. The scenery around the lake was truly captivating, with lush greenery and colorful flowers adding to its charm. After that, we found a perfect spot under a big, shady tree and had a delightful picnic. My mom had carefully prepared a delicious spread of sandwiches and fresh, juicy fruit. We sat there, enjoying the food and the peaceful atmosphere, chatting and laughing together. In the afternoon, I had an exciting time flying a kite with my dad. As the kite took off, it seemed to dance gracefully in the wind, rising higher and higher. We watched it intently, and couldn't help but laugh loudly with joy. The sight of the kite soaring through the sky was truly exhilarating. When the time to go home finally arrived, although I felt physically tired from all the activities, I was filled with a deep sense of happiness. It was such a wonderful weekend, filled with beautiful memories that I would cherish for a long time. [语篇分析] 语篇主题：旨在详细描述主人公在周末与家人一同前往公园的具体经历。 语篇结构： 开头：明确交代了时间为“Saturday morning”，人物是“我（I）”以及“我的父母（my parents）”，为整个故事的展开奠定了基础。 发展：依照时间顺序，有条不紊地描述了一系列活动，如“骑自行车（rode bikes）”“野餐（had a picnic）”“放风筝（flew a kite）”，让读者能够清晰地感受到故事的发展脉络。 结尾：通过表达“happy day, love weekends with family”，总结出主人公的感受，传达出对这一美好周末时光的喜爱与满足。 从时间线索来看，依次为“Last Saturday morning → Then → In the afternoon → When it was time to go home”，清晰明了。整个文章结构严谨，借助具体的动作描写，如“rode bikes”“had a picnic”“flew a kite”，将各个事件紧密地串联起来，在结尾处对主人公的情感进行总结，使得文章主旨得以凸显。 二、说明文（Expository） 【语篇特征】 说明文是以解释、介绍、说明为主要目的的一种文体。其内容秉持客观公正的原则，不带入过多主观情感，力求准确地传达信息。在语言运用上，简洁明了是一大特点，避免冗长复杂的表述，以确保读者能够迅速且清晰地理解所阐述的内容。 常见主题：这类文体所涉及的主题丰富多样，涵盖事物特征，例如对某种珍稀植物独特形态和特性的讲解；科学现象，像日食、月食等天文现象的原理阐释；流程步骤，比如如何制作一款美味蛋糕的详细步骤介绍等。 结构特点与说明方法：其结构多呈现为总分总或者分点论述的形式。在论述过程中，会运用多种说明方法来增强文章的说服力和可读性。举例（for example），即通过列举具体事例来使抽象概念或复杂内容更易于理解；比较（compare），将所描述对象与其他类似事物进行对比，突出其特点；分类（classify），把事物按照一定标准分成不同类别，分别进行说明。 【语篇举例】介绍动物 —— 熊猫 Pandas are highly renowned animals native to China. Their distinctive appearance features black - and - white fur, a rotund body that gives them an endearing, chubby look, and large black eyes that are accentuated by the thick "black circles" around them, which seem to make their eyes even more captivating. These adorable creatures have a rather specialized diet, mainly subsisting on bamboo. In fact, they are so dedicated to consuming this plant that they spend approximately 12 hours each day munching away on bamboo shoots and leaves. Despite being adored by people all over the globe, pandas are unfortunately facing a precarious situation. The current state of their population in the wild is alarmingly low, with only around 2,000 pandas remaining in their natural habitats. This decline is due to various factors such as habitat loss and fragmentation. To ensure the survival of these precious animals, it is of utmost importance that we take proactive measures. We must safeguard their natural habitats, which are crucial for their existence. Additionally, planting more bamboo trees is essential. Bamboo is not only their primary food source but also an integral part of their living environment. By doing so, we can help create a more sustainable future for pandas and ensure that these beloved animals continue to thrive on our planet. [语篇分析] 语篇主题：该篇文章旨在全面介绍熊猫的外貌、习性以及生存现状，让读者对熊猫这一独特动物有较为系统的认识。 语篇结构： 总起：文章开篇点明熊猫是中国的国宝（national treasure），这一表述直接确立了熊猫在中国乃至世界范围内的特殊地位，引发读者对后续内容的兴趣。 分述：（1）外貌：着重描述熊猫具有黑白相间的毛色，这种独特的毛色搭配使其在众多动物中辨识度极高。其体型圆胖，给人一种憨态可掬的感觉。尤为引人注目的是那大大的黑眼睛周围环绕着厚厚的“黑眼圈”（black circles around eyes），这一标志性特征更增添了熊猫的可爱形象。（2）习性：文中指出这些可爱的动物主要以竹子（bamboo）为食，这一习性颇为独特。并且它们每天花费约12小时进食，由此可见竹子在其生活中的重要性以及进食对于它们生存的关键意义。（3）现状：尽管熊猫深受世界各地人们的喜爱，然而它们正面临着严峻的生存危机，处于濒危（endangered）状态。目前，野外仅存约2000只熊猫，这一数据直观地反映出熊猫生存现状的紧迫性。 总结：文章结尾呼吁大家必须保护熊猫的栖息地，通过种植更多的竹子树来帮助它们更好地生存下去，升华了保护熊猫这一主题。 从结构上看，该文章采用了总 — 分 — 总结构，且分点清晰，按照外貌→习性→现状的顺序依次展开论述，层次分明。在说明方法的运用上，通过列数字（about 2,000 pandas），准确地呈现出熊猫在野外的数量，让读者对其濒危程度有更直观的认识；举例子（eat bamboo），以熊猫吃竹子为例，生动地说明了熊猫的习性特点，使文章内容更具说服力。 三、应用文（Practical Writing） 【语篇特征】 应用文具有独特的特征，其核心目的在于服务于各种实际用途。在日常生活和工作场景中，常见的应用文类型包括通知（Notice）、书信（Letter）、海报（Poster）以及广告（Advertisement）等等。每一种类型都有着特定的功能，例如通知用于传达信息，书信用于沟通交流，海报用于宣传活动，广告用于推广产品或服务。 从格式方面来看，应用文具有固定的模式。以书信为例，它通常具备称呼、正文以及结尾这几个部分。称呼用于明确收信人，正文是核心内容的阐述区域，结尾则用于表达礼貌和署名等。在语言运用上，应用文讲究简洁明了，要求在有限的文字中包含关键信息，像时间、地点以及目的等重要元素，以确保信息能够准确无误地传达给受众。 同时，应用文常常会直接表达需求，常见的如邀请、提醒或者呼吁等。比如邀请他人参加活动，提醒对方注意某些事项，呼吁大众关注某个问题等。 【语篇举例】邀请信——生日派对为例进行详细说明： Dear Lily, I’m writing to invite you to my 13th birthday party! The party will be at my home, 56 Garden Street, this Sunday at 3 p.m. We’ll play games, eat a big cake, and watch a funny movie. I really hope you can join us! Please let me know if you can come. Love, Anna [语篇分析] 该文章的主题设定为邀请朋友参加生日派对。其文章结构遵循书信的常规格式： 称呼：Dear Lily, 这一称呼明确了信件的接收对象为Lily。 正文： 事件：明确指出是“我的13岁生日派对”，让对方清楚知晓活动的性质。 时间：“周日下午3点”，精确地给出了派对开始的时间，方便对方安排日程。 地点：“家中（具体地址56 Garden Street）”，详细的地点信息使受邀者能够准确找到派对举办地。 活动：“游戏、吃蛋糕、看电影”，清晰地列举出派对上将会进行的活动内容，让受邀者对派对有更直观的了解。 结尾：“期待你的到来（Hope you can come!）”，表达出对朋友前来参加派对的热切期盼。 通过对这个例子的分析可以看出： 格式：该邀请信完全符合书信结构，具备称呼“Dear Lily”，正文详细阐述派对相关信息，以及落款“Love, Anna”。 关键信息：时间方面，“Sunday at 3 p.m.”清晰明确；地点“56 Garden Street”具体准确；活动内容“play games, eat a big cake, and watch a funny movie”表述清晰，这些关键信息都完整且明确地呈现出来，符合应用文简洁明了、包含关键信息的特征。 四、议论文（Argumentative） 【语篇特征】 议论文具有独特的特征，尽管在八年级的学习内容中此类文体出现较少，但在一些简单的观点类文章里还是能够见到。其核心特点在于表达 观点（Opinion），并且会通过阐述理由（Reasons）以及列举例子（Examples）来进行论证。 从结构方面来看，议论文通常遵循特定的模式，即提出观点→论证→总结。这种结构清晰明了，有助于读者准确把握文章的主旨和论述脉络。 在语言运用上，议论文有着显著的标志，常常会包含观点词，例如 “I think”“In my opinion” 等，这些词汇能够直接表明作者的立场。同时，还会运用连接词，像 “First”“Second”“Finally” 等，这些连接词的作用是使文章的论述层次更加分明，逻辑更为连贯。 【语篇举例】 “学生是否该做家务” I firmly believe that students ought to engage in housework while at home. To begin with, it serves as a crucial means of helping us learn to be self-reliant. For instance, tasks like washing clothes or cooking are not merely mundane chores; they impart valuable skills that will be indispensable in our future lives. Washing clothes teaches us the proper way to care for different fabrics, while cooking allows us to explore the world of flavors and nourish ourselves. Secondly, undertaking housework provides us with a profound understanding of the arduous efforts our parents put in. When we take on the responsibility of cleaning the room, we become acutely aware that they spend a significant amount of time and energy in maintaining the tidiness of the house. This realization instills in us a sense of gratitude and respect for their hard work. In summary, engaging in housework is highly beneficial to us. It not only fosters our independence but also deepens our understanding of our parents' toil. Therefore, we should make it a regular practice to do housework. [语篇分析] 观点部分明确提出：Students should help with housework. 这一观点简洁有力，直接表明了作者对于学生做家务这件事的态度。 在理由阐述方面，有两个重要的支撑点。其一，做家务能够培养学生独立（learn to be independent）。就像文中所举的例子，washing clothes or cooking（洗衣服或做饭），这些日常家务活动能够教授学生一些面向未来生活的实用技能，从而帮助他们逐渐学会独立。其二，做家务能让学生理解父母辛苦（understand parents’ hard work）。当学生亲自去 clean the room（打扫房间）时，他们就会切实地体会到父母花费了大量时间来维持家里的整洁，进而明白父母的辛劳。 最后总结部分指出：做家务对学生有益。 对这篇文章进行分析可以发现，它的结构十分清晰，观点明确，并且从培养独立和理解父母辛苦这两点理由展开论证，还运用了 “For example” 进行举例说明，使论证更加具体生动。在语言方面，文章恰当地使用了 “I think”“First”“Second”“In conclusion” 等逻辑词，让文章的论述逻辑严谨，层次分明，充分体现了议论文的特点。 解读技巧 一、记叙文：抓时间线与情感脉络 【解读策略】 全面聚焦 “5W1H” 原则，即深入探究 “When”（何时），明确事件发生的具体时间节点；“Where”（何地），精准定位事件发生的地点；“Who”（何人），清晰确定参与事件的相关人物；“What”（何事），详细梳理事件的具体内容；“Why”（为何），透彻分析事件发生的原因；“How”（如何），细致了解事件发展的方式与过程。与此同时，要认真梳理事件的发展顺序，从起始到高潮再到结局，清晰把握事件脉络。并且，密切关注文本中出现的情感词，诸如 “happy”（开心）、“surprised”（惊讶）等，这些情感词能够生动反映出人物当时的情绪状态。还要着重留意动作链，像 “ran”（跑）、“shouted”（呼喊）等，通过这些动作可以更加直观地呈现事件的动态发展过程。 【阅读语段】 Last Sunday, Tom visited his grandparents in the countryside. In the morning, he helped feed the chickens. At noon, his grandma cooked a big meal. In the afternoon, he picked apples with his grandpa. Though tired, Tom felt very happy. [结构分析] 时间线：Last Sunday → In the morning → At noon → In the afternoon 情感变化：helped（主动）→ cooked（温馨）→ picked（愉快）→ happy（总结） [解读技巧] 用 “__” 划出时间状语，明确事件顺序。 圈出情感形容词（happy），判断人物态度。 问题如 “What did Tom do in the afternoon?” 直接定位 “picked apples”。 二、说明文：理逻辑词与信息分层 【解读策略】 首先（first），运用 “first” 这一逻辑词，明确开始阐述的内容，着重抓住说明对象所具备的特征，深入剖析其独特之处，这些特征是理解说明对象本质的关键要素。接着（next），使用 “next” 来推进层次，关注说明对象所拥有的功能，详细阐释其在不同场景下能够发挥的作用，功能是说明对象实际应用价值的体现。最后（finally），借助 “finally” 来收尾，梳理说明对象涉及的步骤，清晰呈现其操作流程或者发展顺序，步骤对于完整理解说明对象的运行机制或发展脉络至关重要。通过这样以 “first, next, finally” 等逻辑词划分层次的方式，全面且有条理地把握说明对象的特征、功能、步骤。 【阅读语段】 How to Make a Sandwich? First, prepare bread, butter, and vegetables. Next, put butter on the bread. Then, add vegetables like lettuce and tomatoes. Finally, put another piece of bread on top. Now you have a delicious sandwich! [结构分析] 说明对象：制作三明治的步骤 逻辑词：First → Next → Then → Finally（流程清晰） [解读技巧] 用 “①②③” 标注步骤，对应问题中的 “order”。 注意细节词（如 “lettuce and tomatoes”），避免张冠李戴。 问题如 “What’s the second step?” 直接定位 “put butter on the bread”。 三、应用文：扫关键信息与格式标志 【解读策略】 在面对大量文本信息时，建议采用快速浏览的方式，重点关注标题、加粗字体以及表格等部分。通过这种方式，能够高效地锁定关键信息，其中包括具体的时间，例如像“7:00 p.m.”这样明确的时刻；地点信息，例如“School Hall”这类具体的场所；还有联系方式，比如“Tel: 888 - 1234”这种提供联系途径的内容。如此，能迅速获取重要信息，为进一步分析和处理信息奠定基础。 【阅读语段】 Notice Date: October 15th Time: 2:30-4:30 p.m. Place: School Library Activity: Book Sale—All books 50% off! Come and find your favorite books! [结构分析] 格式：标题（Notice）+ 分点信息（日期、时间、地点、活动） 关键信息：October 15th, 2:30-4:30 p.m., Library, 50% off [解读技巧] 用 “△” 标注时间、地点，问题如 “When is the book sale?” 直接匹配 “October 15th”。 忽略描述性语句（如 “Come and find...”），优先提取干货信息。 四、议论文：辨论点与论据关系 【解读策略】 首先，需要仔细阅读文本，在其中找寻论点句。通常情况下，论点句常常出现在文本的开头部分，因为这是一种较为常见的引出主题并表明核心观点的方式；另外，论点句也有可能出现在文本的结尾，通过前文的阐述，最后总结得出论点。在确定论点句之后，下一步就要去甄别并使用 “√” 来明确标注出支持论据。这里所指的支持论据，包括各种具体的例子，通过实例来支撑论点，让论点更具说服力；还包括各类数据，用客观的数据来论证论点的正确性和可靠性。 【阅读语段】 Reading is important. First, it improves our vocabulary. For example, when we read novels, we learn new words. Second, reading makes us clever. Studies show that reading for 30 minutes a day can make us smarter. So, everyone should read every day. [结构分析] 论点：Reading is important（首句） 论据：① improves vocabulary（举【阅读语段】novels → new words）；② makes us clever（数据：30 minutes a day） 结论：everyone should read every day（尾句） [解读技巧] 用 “★” 标记论点，问题如 “What’s the main idea?” 直接选 “Reading is important”。 论据题如 “Why is reading important?” 需整合 “vocabulary” 和 “smarter” 两点。 五、诗歌：品押韵与意象情感 【解读策略】 重点关注文本中所呈现的押韵规律，诸如常见的abab式押韵模式。这种押韵方式能够赋予文字一种节奏感与韵律美，使读者在阅读过程中感受到一种和谐的音韵流动。同时，要留意文本里运用的比喻手法，例如 “Time is a river” 这样的表述，它将抽象的时间概念生动形象地比作具象的河流，让读者更易于理解和感受时间的特性。此外，还需通过文本中重复出现的词汇，像 “sun”（太阳）、“smile”（微笑）等，来深入体会其中所蕴含的情感。这些重复出现的词汇往往承载着作者想要着重传达的某种情感，它们可能是喜悦、温暖，亦或是其他复杂的情感表达，帮助读者更精准地把握文本的情感脉络。 【阅读语段】 The Sun The sun is a golden ball, That shines over hills and all. It wakes the birds with its light, And makes the world feel warm and bright. [结构分析] 押韵：ball/all（第 1、2 行）；light/bright（第 3、4 行）→ abab 式 意象：golden ball（比喻太阳），warm and bright（情感词） [解读技巧] 划出押韵词，判断情感基调（欢快 / 忧伤）。 问题如 “What does the sun compare to?” 定位 “golden ball”。 六、广告：提促销点与产品优势 【解读策略】 在分析相关内容时，重点聚焦于大写字母、感叹号以及诸如 “Free”（免费）、“Sale”（促销）、“Best”（最佳）这类具有明显优惠性质的词汇。这些元素往往能够突出关键信息，吸引受众的注意力。与此同时，对于那些相对次要的描述，比如一些冗长且对核心优惠或重点信息补充作用不大的表述，可以选择忽略，以便更精准地把握核心要点，高效筛选出最具价值的信息。 【阅读语段】 COOL SUMMER SALE! Buy one T-shirt, get one free! All shorts 30% off! Visit our store at 123 Main Street Before July 31st! Don’t miss it! [结构分析] 促销信息：Buy one, get one free；30% off；Before July 31st 行动号召：Visit our store；Don’t miss it! [解读技巧] 用 “→” 标注优惠（如 “买一送一”），问题如 “What’s the offer?” 直接选 “Buy one, get one free”。 注意有效期（July 31st），避免混淆时间。 题型策略 题型 关键技巧 答案定位示例 细节理解题 关键词定位，直接匹配文中细节 题干 “get up”→文中 “6:30 a.m.” 推理判断题 排除矛盾选项，合理推断隐含信息 找 “knife in the drawer”→推断找刀 词义猜测题 利用上下文线索（同义、反义、因果） “bigger than”→huge=very big 主旨大意题 找高频词和主题句，概括整体内容 高频词 “soccer”→标题选 “My Favorite Sport” 一、细节理解题 这类题目主要聚焦于考查考生对文章中具体信息的直接提取能力。这里所提及的具体信息，涵盖了诸如时间、地点、人物、数字等多个方面。时间信息可能涉及到具体的日期、年份、时间段等；地点信息会明确指出事件发生的场所，如城市、国家、特定地点等；人物信息包含文中所涉及的具体人物身份、特征等；数字信息则可能是数量、比例、价格等。 此类题目所设置的问题，常常以 “What, When, Where, Who, How” 等特殊疑问词开头。值得注意的是，针对这些问题，考生能够在原文中直接找到与之对应的句子，通过对该对应句的准确理解和提取，即可得出正确答案。 【阅读语段】 My name is Lily. I go to school from Monday to Friday. Every morning, I get up at 6:30 a.m. I have breakfast at 7:00 a.m. Then I walk to school with my friend Tom. Classes start at 8:00 a.m. We have four classes in the morning and two in the afternoon. My favorite subject is English, and I have English every day. After school, I often play basketball with my classmates. 1.What time does Lily get up? A. 6:00 a.m. B. 6:30 a.m. C. 7:00 a.m. D. 8:00 a.m. 2.How does Lily go to school? A. By bus. B. By bike. C. On foot. D. By car. [试题简析] 第 1 题：在文中明确提到 “I get up at 6:30 a.m.”，通过对这一信息的分析可知，该题答案为 B。此句清晰表明了起床时间，与题目所考查内容直接相关。 第 2 题：文中提到 “Then I walk to school with my friend Tom.”，由于在英语表达中，“walk” 与 “on foot” 意思相近，都表示步行的方式。所以依据此信息，该题答案为 C。 [策略简析] 在解答题目时，建议圈出题干中的关键词，比如 “time”（时间相关）、“how”（方式相关）等。这样做的好处是能够依据这些关键词，迅速、直接地在文中定位到与之对应的句子，从而更准确地找到答案，提高解题效率和准确性。 二、推理判断题 此类题型的内容特征在于，重点考查的是考生透过文中隐含信息，运用逻辑思维进行合理推导的能力。也就是说，问题的答案并不会在文章中直接呈现出来，需要考生深入理解文本内容，挖掘其中隐藏的线索，进而做出准确的推断。 常见的提问方式有：“What can we infer from the passage?” 此问法旨在让考生依据文章整体内容，推测出未明确表述的信息；还有 “What will happen next?” 这种问法，则是要求考生基于文章当前所呈现的情节、趋势等，对后续可能发生的事情进行合理推测。 【阅读语段】 It was Sunday afternoon. Sarah and her brother Sam were at home. Their parents were out. “I’m hungry,” said Sam. “Let’s make a sandwich.” “Good idea,” Sarah said. They went to the kitchen. Sarah took out bread, butter, and tomatoes. Sam looked for the knife, but he couldn’t find it. “Mom usually puts it in the drawer,” he said. 1.What can we learn from the passage? A. Sam is Sarah’s cousin. B. Their parents are at home. C. Sam is hungry. D. They want to make soup. 2.What will they do next? A. Look for the knife in the drawer. B. Go to the supermarket. C. Call their mom. D. Eat bread and butter. [试题简析] 第 1 题：原文提到 “I’m hungry,” said Sam. 从这句话能够明确得出，正确答案是 C 选项。对于 A 选项，文中并没有表明相关人物是 cousin 关系，所以 A 选项中 cousin 的表述错误；B 选项提到 parents out，然而文中并没有提及父母外出这一信息；D 选项中 soup 这一内容在原文中也未被提及。所以 A、B、D 选项均与文章所表达的意思不相符。 第 2 题：文中明确指出 “Sam looked for the knife... Mom usually puts it in the drawer” ，根据这一信息，按照正常的逻辑思维，Sam 下一步的行动很明显会是去抽屉寻找那把刀，所以答案为 A 选项。 [策略简析] 在做这类题目时，要仔细阅读原文，将与原文内容存在矛盾的选项排除掉，然后从文中已有的线索出发，选择那些基于线索所做出的合理推断的选项。 三、词义猜测题 这一类型的题目主要考查考生依据文章的上下文语境来推测生词、短语或者句子确切含义的能力。在题目中，常见的标志性表述为：“What does the underlined word ‘___’ mean?” ，通过这样的提问方式，要求考生利用所给文本的前后逻辑关系、语义联系等线索，准确解读出特定词汇、短语或句子在该语境下的意义。 【阅读语段】 Today is June 1st, Children’s Day. Amy goes to the zoo with her classmates. There are many animals there. The pandas are very lazy, but cute. The elephants are so huge — they are much bigger than Amy. She is a little afraid of them. The monkeys are funny; they jump up and down in the trees. 1.The underlined word “huge” means ______. A. very small B. very big C. very short D. very thin 2.What does “afraid of” mean in the passage? A. 喜欢 B. 害怕 C. 想念 D. 照顾 [试题简析] 第 1 题：在给定的表述 “they are much bigger than Amy” 中，通过这种比较关系可以清晰地看出，这里描述的是一种尺寸上的巨大差异。由此能够推断出，“huge” 这个词所表达的含义就是 “非常大的”。基于这样的分析，答案为 B。 第 2 题：从 “The elephants are so huge... a little afraid of them” 这部分内容可知，因为大象体型极其庞大，所以与之相关的 “afraid of” 所表达的情感，结合常理推测，应该是 “害怕”。所以，这道题的答案同样为 B。 [策略简析] 在解答这类题目时，一个有效的方法是巧妙利用同义词、反义词或者因果关系来推断词义。具体来说，就像在前面的题目中，通过 “bigger” 与 “huge” 的关系，以及大象体型庞大和 “afraid of” 的因果联系进行判断。同时，一定要紧密结合语境，仔细排除那些与上下文逻辑关系不相符的无关选项，从而准确得出答案。 四、主旨大意题 此类题型的内容特征主要体现在对考生概括文章整体内容能力的考查上。在阅读理解题目中，主旨大意题旨在检验考生是否能够从繁杂的文字信息里提炼出文章的核心主旨。其常见的提问方式有：“What’s the main idea of the passage?” 该问法直接询问文章的主要观点是什么，要求考生对文章整体所传达的核心思想进行总结。还有 “Which is the best title?” 此问法侧重于让考生从选项中挑选出最能准确概括文章内容的标题，这不仅需要考生理解文章主旨，还需具备一定的语言提炼和归纳能力，以判断哪个标题能最恰当地反映文章的核心要点。 【阅读语段】 Hello, I’m Mike. I love sports. My favorite sport is soccer. I play soccer with my friends every Saturday. We have a small team called “The Lions”. Last week, we had a match with another team. We played very hard and won the game. Everyone was excited. Playing sports makes me healthy and happy. 1.What is the main idea of the passage? A. Mike’s favorite sport is basketball. B. Mike’s team is called “The Tigers”. C. Mike enjoys playing soccer and the fun of sports. D. Mike won a ping-pong match last week. 2.Which is the best title for the passage? A. My School Life B. My Favorite Sport — Soccer C. A Terrible Match D. How to Play Soccer [试题简析] 第 1 题：在文中，“soccer”（足球）以及 “happy”（快乐）这两个词汇多次出现。从这些表述中能够清晰地看出，其核心要点在于迈克对足球的喜爱，以及他从足球运动中所体会到的乐趣。所以选项 C 是正确的。而选项 A 中提及的 “basketball”（篮球），与原文所围绕的足球主题不符，故 A 错误；选项 B 所涉及的队名相关内容，并非文章重点，存在错误；选项 D 里的 “ping - pong”（乒乓球）同样偏离了文章主题，因此也是错误的。 第 2 题：这篇文章整体内容都是围绕着 “足球” 这一主题展开论述的。所以，最合适的标题应当是选项 B。选项 A 的范围过于宽泛，没有精准聚焦到文章核心；选项 C 中 “Terrible”（糟糕的）这一描述与文章所表达的文意不相符；选项 D 并没有涉及到文章所讲述的方法相关内容，所以也不合适。 [策略简析] 在解答这类题目时，我们可以通过寻找文中的高频词汇，比如这里的 “soccer”，以及总结性的语句，例如文章的最后一句等方式，来准确把握文章主旨。同时，要注意排除那些仅仅涉及细节的干扰选项，从而更准确地选出正确答案。 1 Summer Programs at Museums The Postal Museum Date: July 17-23 Age: 11-13 Would you like to join us this summer vacation? You can make a stamp with your own design (设计), write and mail a postcard, and learn about the history of stamps. Tel: 965-0400 The Air and Space Museum Date: July 29-30 Age: 8-11 If you enjoy programs about air and space, please come here. It’s a good place to make and fly your own paper plane, watch an IMAX movie, and climb into a real plane. Tel: 654-0930 The Science Museum Date: August 7-20 Age: 9-12 You can experience video arts and computer technology, play VR games to explore (探索) a future city, and ask the robots questions about science. It will be wonderful! Have fun! Tel: 357-3030 The Building Museum Date: August 21-27 Age: 13-15 Want to enjoy design challenges? Come and join us. You can also go on field trips to some famous buildings, and build small houses with soft blocks. All the programs are free. Tel: 272-0560 1．Which number can you call if you want to learn about the history of stamps? A．272-0560. B．357-3030. C．654-0930. D．965-0400. 2．What can you do at the Air and Space Museum? A．Make a stamp. B．Build a house. C．Make a paper plane. D．Play VR games. 3．You can ask the robots questions about science at the ________. A．Postal Museum B．Science Museum C．Building Museum D．Air and Space Museum 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．All the programs at the Building Museum are free. B．You can watch an IMAX movie at the Postal Museum. C．A 13-year-old student can join in the programs at the Science Museum. D．You can join in the programs at the Air and Space Museum on August 15th. 5．Where can you probably read the passage? A．In a report. B．In a storybook. C．In a newspaper. D．In a food magazine. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 【解析】本文介绍了四个博物馆的暑期活动及其相关信息。 1．细节理解题。根据“The Postal Museum”部分中的“You can make a stamp with your own design, write and mail a postcard, and learn about the history of stamps.”可知，如果你想了解邮票的历史，可以拨打“965-0400”，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The Air and Space Museum”部分中的“It’s a good place to make and fly your own paper plane, watch an IMAX movie, and climb into a real plane.”可知，在航天航空博物馆可以制作纸飞机，故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“The Science Museum”部分中的“You can experience video arts and computer technology, play VR games to explore a future city, and ask the robots questions about science.”可知，你可以在科学博物馆向机器人提问科学问题，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“The Building Museum”部分中的“All the programs are free.”可知，建筑博物馆的所有项目都是免费的，故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据文章内容，这是一篇关于博物馆暑期活动的介绍，最有可能出现在报纸上，故选C。 2 Lake Puraquequara, Brazil A village on water was stranded (搁浅的) The village was usually on the water in the Amazon rainforest. However, there was little rain in Brazil last year. The lake was short of water. The village was stranded on the lake bed as a result. California, America Using AI to stop fires California uses AI to report wild fire. The AI can find smoke and fire. It uses over a thousand cameras in forests across the state. In two months, AI found 77 fires before any 911 calls came in. Ogasawara Islands, Japan A new island came out An underwater volcano (火山) broke out on October 21,2023. By early November, a new island near Japan came out. The new island was as high as 20 meters above the sea and then it became smaller. Kenya Families left homes Many families in Kenya left their homes because of floods. Trains to and from Mombasa had to stop running. The floods started after heavy rain. The warm sea water made the weather worse. 6．What do people use AI to report in the news? A．Dry weather. B．Wild fire. C．Heavy rain. D．Big flood. 7．In which country do floods make people leave their homes? A．Brazil. B．America. C．Japan. D．Kenya. 8．The news is about ________. A．natural disasters B．interesting places C．traffic accidents D．tourist cultures 【答案】6．B 7．D 8．A 【解析】本文是四则关于自然灾害的报道。 6．细节理解题。根据“Using AI to stop fires California uses AI to report wild fire. The AI can find smoke and fire. It uses over a thousand cameras in forests across the state. In two months, AI found 77 fires before any 911 calls came in.”可知， 根据美国加利福尼亚的新闻，明确提到“使用AI报告野火，且AI通过摄像头探测烟雾和火焰。故选B。 7．细节理解题。根据“Kenya Families left homes Many families in Kenya left their homes because of floods.”可知，肯尼亚的新闻提到因洪水导致家庭被迫离开家园。故选D。 8．推理判断题。四则新闻分别涉及干旱（巴西）、野火（美国）、火山爆发（日本）和洪水（肯尼亚），均属于自然灾害。故选A。 3 I am Black Beauty. I think a horse fair was an interesting place. There was always a lot to see. There were young horses from the country and many beautiful horses too. But there were also a lot of poor, thin horses, tired from hard work. I was very sad to see them. At the horse fair, there was a man with a gentle voice and kind grey eyes. He offered 23 pounds to buy me, but they didn’t accept and he walked away. Then a man with a very loud voice came. I was afraid he was going to buy me, but he walked away. Then the grey-eyed man came back again and said, “I will pay 24 for him.” “OK,” said the salesman, “He’s a very good horse and if you want a horse for cab (出租马车) work, he’s exactly the one you’re looking for.” Half an hour later, we left the horse fair and walked along the roads, and finally got to that great city—London. There were streets to the right, and streets to the left. We went into one of the small streets, and then into a very narrow street, with small, old houses on one side, and stables (马厩) on the other. My new owner stopped at a house. The door opened, and a young woman, a little girl and boy, came out. They all looked at me. “Is he gentle, Father?” “Yes, Dolly, just like a baby cat. You can touch him.” Dolly, the little girl, gave me a gentle touch without fear. It felt good! Then they led me into a comfortable, clean stable, with lots of dry straw, and after a delicious meal, I lay down to sleep. —Adapted from Black Beauty 9．What kind of horses did Black Beauty see at the horse fair? ①Young horses.    ②Beautiful horses.    ③Poor, thin horses. A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．①②③ 10．How much did the grey-eyed man finally pay for Black Beauty? A．20 pounds. B．23 pounds. C．24 pounds. D．47 pounds. 11．Where did the grey-eyed man and Black Beauty go after they left the horse fair? A．To London. B．To a village. C．To a small town. D．To another horse fair. 12．What did the little girl Dolly do when she saw Black Beauty? A．She shouted at him. B．She gave him a gentle touch. C．She led him into her room. D．She was afraid and ran away. 13．From the passage, we can infer (推断) that ________. A．Dolly kept a baby cat as a pet at home B．the horse fair was a place for horses to do different work C．Black Beauty would have a happy life with the new family D．the grey-eyed man would sell Black Beauty to others for more money 【答案】9．D 10．C 11．A 12．B 13．C 【解析】本文节选自《黑美人》，以第一人称视角描述了主角Black Beauty在马市的见闻和被新主人购买的经历。 9．细节理解题。根据“There were young horses from the country and many beautiful horses too. But there were also a lot of poor, thin horses, tired from hard work. I was very sad to see them.”可知，有年轻马、漂亮马和瘦弱的可怜马，故选D。 10．细节理解题。根据“Then the grey-eyed man came back again and said, ‘I will pay 24 for him.’...‘OK,’ said the salesman”可知，灰眼睛男人最终支付金额为24英镑。故选C。 11．细节理解题。根据“Half an hour later, we left the horse fair and walked along the roads, and finally got to that great city—London”可知，他们到了伦敦，故选A。 12．细节理解题。根据“Dolly, the little girl, gave me a gentle touch without fear”可知，Dolly温柔地抚摸Black Beauty，故选B。 13．推理判断题。根据“Dolly, the little girl, gave me a gentle touch without fear. It felt good! Then they led me into a comfortable, clean stable, with lots of dry straw, and after a delicious meal, I lay down to sleep”可知，Black Beauty将在此过上幸福生活。故选C。 4 At the picnic, Tom and Becky went into the caves with the other children. They took their candles and walked down a small tunnel. Then Tom saw a small opening he had never seen before. He decided to explore. Becky came with him. They made some marks on the wall. This would help them find their way back. They found a large cave with a spring in it. There were a lot of bats hanging on the roof. The bats did not like the candlelight and attacked the children. Tom and Becky ran. They did not watch where they were going. They escaped from the bats and found a lake. They sat down to rest. “We haven’t heard the other children for a long time,” said Becky. “We’d better go back,” suggested Tom. They tried to find a way back without going through the cave with bats. However, they didn’t know how to get back. They began to shout. Nobody answered. Becky began to cry. “Tom, Tom, we can never get out! We should not have left the others!” Tom tried to make her feel better. They walked around for a while. Then they found a spring and stayed there. Tom had some cake from the picnic in his pocket, and he gave it to Becky. He ate a small piece himself. They shouted again and sat down to wait. They fell asleep. They woke up. They drank water. They fell asleep again. They woke up again. They did not know how long they had been there. 14．Why did Tom and Becky make some marks on the wall? A．To explore the cave. B．To tell other children. C．To help them go back. D．To run away from bats. 15．What is the correct order for Tom and Becky? a. They shouted again and waited.  b. They came into a small opening. c. They didn’t know how to get back.  d. They ate some cake near the spring. e. They met a lot of bats and ran away. A．c-b-a-e-d B．c-b-e-d-a C．b-e-c-a-d D．b-e-c-d-a 16．What does the underlined word “it” refer to? A．Cake. B．Picnic C．Water. D．Spring. 17．According to the passage, we infer that Becky ________. A．had no home B．became afraid C．got hurt badly D．found treasure 【答案】14．C 15．D 16．A 17．B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Tom和Becky在野餐时进入洞穴探险，因迷路而陷入困境的故事。 14．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“They made some marks on the wall. This would help them find their way back.”可知，标记的目的是为了返回时认路。故选C。 15．细节理解题。首先，“Then Tom saw a small opening he had never seen before. He decided to explore. Becky came with him.”说明他们先进入了一个小洞口(b)；接着“There were a lot of bats hanging on the roof. The bats did not like the candlelight and attacked the children. Tom and Becky ran.”表明他们遇到了很多蝙蝠并逃跑(e)；然后“However, they didn't know how to get back.”可知他们不知道怎么回去了(c)；再然后“Tom had some cake from the picnic in his pocket, and he gave it to Becky. He ate a small piece himself.”是他们在泉水附近吃了些蛋糕(d)；最后“They shouted again and sat down to wait.”他们又呼喊并等待(a)。所以正确顺序是b-e-c-d-a，故选D。 16．词句猜测题。根据文章第4段“Tom had some cake from the picnic…and he gave it to Becky”可知，Tom把野餐的蛋糕给了Becky，“it”指代蛋糕。故选A。 17．推理判断题。根据文章第3段“Becky began to cry…‘We should not have left the others!’”可知，Becky开始哭泣并觉得他们出不去了，这表明她变得害怕了。故选B。 5 When you visit someone’s new home for the first time, it’s nice to bring a gift. Housewarming gifts may not be as common (普遍) as birthday gifts, but they show one’s kindness. When to give a housewarming gift? The best time to give a housewarming gift is within the first three to six months after someone moves in. When you go to the housewarming party, you should always bring a gift. Even if there’s no party, but you will visit someone’s new home within the first six months after they move in, a gift is still a good idea. Who should get a housewarming gift? Housewarming gifts are not just for people who buy their first home. Anyone moving into a new place would love to get a gift. It’s a nice way to say “welcome and congratulations”. What should be avoided when giving the gift? It’s important to bring the right kind of housewarming gift. But how do you choose one? Try not to give very expensive gifts. Usually the price of a housewarming gift should be between $25 and $50. For example, house plants and picture frames are popular housewarming gifts within this budget (预算). If you don’t know the person’s taste very well, you’d better not send art or furniture. Housewarming gifts are a lovely way to celebrate someone’s new home and make their space comfortable and welcome. The next time you visit a friend’s new home, remember to bring a gift and, of course, follow the rules for gift-giving. 18．According to the passage, we can know housewarming gifts ________. A．are only for the first house B．should show names on them C．are the same as birthday gifts D．can be given within half a year 19．Which gift is the most suitable when visiting a friend’s new home? A．A bag ($100). B．A book ($13). C．Flowers($48). D．Toys ($56). 20．What’s the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 21．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How to move to a new home B．Tips for housewarming gift-giving C．When to visit one’s new home D．Rules for choosing birthday presents 【答案】18．D 19．C 20．A 21．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了乔迁礼物的相关礼仪，包括何时送、送给谁、以及如何选择合适的礼物等。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The best time to give a housewarming gift is within the first three to six months after someone moves in.”可知，乔迁礼物最好在搬入新家的前3到6个月内送出。故选D。 19．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Usually the price of a housewarming gift should be between $25 and $50.”可知，乔迁礼物的价格通常在25到50美元之间。选项C中的鲜花价格为48美元，符合这一预算范围。故选C。 20．篇章结构题。文章首先介绍了乔迁礼物的意义，然后分别从何时送、送给谁、如何选择礼物等方面展开说明，最后总结乔迁礼物的作用。故选A。 21．最佳标题题。文章主要围绕乔迁礼物的相关礼仪展开，包括何时送、送给谁、如何选择礼物等。选项B“Tips for housewarming gift-giving”最能概括文章内容。故选B。 6 Technology is making our life smart in many ways. Do you sometimes dream of wearing a fashionable and smart jacket? Levi’s, a famous clothing company (公司), is working with Google, a technology (科技) company, to make a special kind of jacket—a “smart” jacket! What makes it “smart”? It’s a special technology on the cuff (袖口). When somebody calls you, your jacket shows lights to let you know somebody is calling. A touch on the cuff can give directions to help you get to where you need to go. The jacket can also play music when you join it with a mobile phone. Now, people can buy the Levi’s smart jacket on the Internet for $350. It is just a start for smart clothing. Google plans to use the technology for more kinds of clothing. It’s cooperating with other fashion companies to make more useful clothes with more technology. Technology is also changing the way to make clothes. With the help of new technology, designers can make new materials. A company uses yeast cells (酵母细胞) to make a new material that feels like leather. With better and better technology, the fashion world will keep surprising us. Who knows what other cool, useful and smart fashion is waiting for us in the future? 22．What makes the special jacket “smart”? A．Its looks. B．Its material. C．The names of the companies. D．The technology on the cuff. 23．How much does the smart jacket cost? A．$300. B．$350. C．$400. D．$450. 24．What can the smart jacket do when someone calls? A．It can play music. B．It can show lights. C．It can answer the call. D．It can give directions. 25．The underlined phrase “cooperating with” in Paragraph 3 means ________. A．working with B．looking after C．listening to D．thinking about 26．What’s the best title for this article? A．Google Has New Ideas For Fashion B．Technology Makes Smart Life C．The Future of Fashion Technology D．New Technology in Clothing 【答案】22．D 23．B 24．B 25．A 26．C 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述Levi公司和谷歌公司研制了一款智能夹克，这件夹克可以醒你有人向你打招呼，可以引路，可以播放音乐等功能。科技也在改变服装的制作方式。随着越来越好的技术，时尚界将不断给我们带来惊喜。 22．细节理解题。根据第一段中“ What makes it ‘smart’? It’s a special technology on the cuff (袖口).”可知，袖口上的技术使这种特殊的夹克变得“智能”。故选D。 23．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now, people can buy the Levi’s smart jacket on the Internet for $350.”可知，这件智能夹克价值350美元。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段中“When somebody calls you, your jacket shows lights to let you know somebody is calling.”可知，当有人打电话时，智能夹克可以显示灯光。故选B。 25．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“It’s cooperating with other fashion companies to make more useful clothes with more technology.”可知，它与其他时装公司合作，用更多的技术制造更有用的衣服。所以此处下划线部分“cooperating with”最有可能意为“与……合作”，与working with同义。故选A。 26．最佳标题题。通读全文，尤其最后一段内容“With better and better technology, the fashion world will keep surprising us. Who knows what other cool, useful and smart fashion is waiting for us in the future?”可知，本文主要讲述科技与服装的巧妙结合，这件夹克可以醒你有人向你打招呼，可以引路，可以播放音乐等功能。科技也在改变服装的制作方式。随着越来越好的技术，时尚界将不断给我们带来惊喜。所以C选项“时尚科技的未来”最适合做文章的标题。故选C。 7 Food allergies can be very dangerous for people. Their bodies may itch (发痒). They may want to throw up and can even die from allergies. What’s worse, food allergies are becoming more common these days. Kari Nadeau, an allergy expert at Stanford University in the US, did a study of food allergies around the world. She found that while 3 percent of people had them in 1960, the number rose to 7 percent in 2018. Nadeau said one reason for this might be that we have fewer interactions with microbiota (微生物群). Microbiota can “train” our bodies and stop us from getting allergies. Our bodies have fewer chances to get close to microbiota these days. We live in cleaner homes. We stay indoors for longer hours. Doctors are using more antibiotics (抗生素) on us as children-antibiotics kill microbiota. Scientists say it’s a good idea for babies to eat many different kinds of foods so that they can build up tolerance (耐受) in their early years. Having a pet cat or dog can also stop the development of allergies. 27．What does the underlined word “allergies” most probably mean in Chinese? A．过敏 B．中毒 C．上瘾 D．免疫 28．What may happen when people have food allergies, according to the passage? A．They may lose weight. B．They may get hungry easily. C．They may want to throw up. D．They may feel thirsty all the time. 29．According to Nadeau, what might be the reason why more people are getting food allergies? A．They do more outdoor activities. B．They eat many different kinds of food. C．They keep pets in their homes. D．They don’t interact a lot with microbiota. 30．In which section of a magazine could you find this article? A．Food. B．Health. C．Music. D．Culture. 【答案】27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 【解析】本文讨论了食物过敏对人们的潜在危险，以及近年来食物过敏现象日益普遍的原因和可能的预防措施。 27．细节理解题。文章中多次提到“food allergies”，并且描述了过敏可能带来的严重后果，如身体发痒、呕吐甚至死亡。因此，可以推断出“allergies”在这里的意思是“过敏”，故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“They may want to throw up”可知，当人们有食物过敏时，他们可能会想要呕吐，故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据“Nadeau said one reason for this might be that we have fewer interactions with microbiota”可知，人们与微生物群的互动减少可能是导致食物过敏增加的原因之一，因为微生物群可以“训练”我们的身体并防止过敏。他们与微生物群的互动不多，故选D。 30．推理判断题。文章主要讨论了食物过敏的危险性、原因和预防措施，这些都是与健康相关的话题。因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在杂志的健康栏目中，故选B。 8 Nick was a proud (自负的) boy. He thought that he was the best in everything he did. Whenever he lost, he would always find excuses (借口). One Friday, Randy and Jack came to the playground to play badminton. Jack was much better at badminton than Randy. After about half an hour, Randy said to Jack, “Oh, I need to take a rest. I have to say that you are really good at this game.” Their classmate Nick heard this. He laughed out loud and said, “Randy, that’s because you are really bad at the sport. I am the best of the three of us.” Then, he asked Jack if he would like to play with him. Jack said, “OK.” Then, the two began to play. As a tall boy, Nick showed great skill (技巧) at playing badminton. It was not easy for Jack to win, but still, he won the game. To Jack’s surprise, Nick said, “I can win if I have a racket (球拍) as good as yours.” However, Jack didn’t think so. He said, “Let’s swap rackets to play again.” Unluckily for Nick, he still lost the game. This time round, Nick had no excuses. He lowered his head and planned to leave. However, Jack went over to him, saying, “Do not be sad! You are a skilled player, too.” Hearing this, Nick learned that he should not be too proud because there would always be somebody better than him. 31．Which sentence in Paragraph 2 shows that Nick was proud? A．I need to take a rest. B．that’s because you are really good at the sport. C．I am the best of the three of us. D．he asked Jack if he would like to play with him. 32．What was Nick’s excuse for losing the game? A．He wasn’t as tall as Jack. B．His racket was not good. C．The badminton was not good. D．He was too tired to play well. 33．Which is the right order of the following things? ①Nick lost the game.                        ②Randy wanted to take a rest. ③Randy and Jack played badminton.            ④Nick and Jack played badminton. A．③①②④ B．④③①② C．③②④① D．④②③① 34．What does the underlined word “swap” mean in Chinese in Para. 3? A．扔掉 B．交换 C．擦拭 D．冲洗 35．What mainly can we learn from the passage? A．Better late than never. B．There is no such thing as a free lunch. C．A good friend is like a mirror. D．There is always someone better than you. 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．C 34．B 35．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了自负的尼克从自负到明白他不应该太骄傲，因为总会有比他更好的人。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I am the best of the three of us.”可知，尼克说“我是我们三个中最好的”，此句体现了尼克的自负。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“To Jack’s surprise, Nick said, ‘I can win if I have a racket (球拍) as good as yours.’”可知，尼克输掉比赛的借口是他的球拍不好。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“One Friday, Randy and Jack came to the playground to play badminton.”，“Oh, I need to take a rest.”，“Their classmate Nick heard this ... Then, the two began to play.”和“Unluckily for Nick, he still lost the game.”可知，事情正确的顺序是③②④①。故选C。 34．词义猜测题。根据“To Jack’s surprise, Nick said, ‘I can win if I have a racket (球拍)as good as yours.’ However, Jack didn’t think so. He said,‘ Let’s swap rackets to play again.’”可推测出，尼克觉得自己的球拍不如杰克的好才输掉的比赛，但杰克不这样认为，故杰克应是提议交换球拍。以此可推测出“swap”的意思是“交换”。故选B。 35．主旨大意题。根据通读全文和文章最后一句“Hearing this, Nick learned that he should not be too proud because there would always be somebody better than him.”可知，文章主要告诉我们“总有比你更好的人”。故选D。 9 When your parents are busy at work and have no time to cook, you can pick up the phone and order some food for yourself. Lots of people order takeout these days. But did people eat takeout in ancient (古代的) China? The answer is yes! There was takeout as far back as the Song Dynasty (960—1279). People at that time didn’t have phones, but they could still order food. According to history books, Emperor Xiaozong (1127—1194) liked to order takeout late at night. His servants (仆人) then went around the city to bring the dishes back. Common people also liked to order takeout. Restaurant waiters walked around the city or waited outside theaters. People paid them and the waiters would send food to their homes. People at that time even had a special meal box for takeout dishes. It was a long wooden box, and there were two layers of porcelain (两层陶瓷) in it. People put hot water between the two layers to keep the dishes warm. In the famous Song Dynasty painting Along the River During the Qingming Festival (《清明上河图》), you can even see a takeout worker on the way to send food. 36．How does the writer start the article? A．By showing feelings. B．By asking a question. C．By giving an example. D．By telling a story. 37．What does “them” refer to (指代) in Paragraph (段落) 3? A．Theaters. B．Waiters. C．Homes. D．Dishes. 38．Which one might be the meal box for takeout dishes in the Song Dynasty? A． B． C． D． 39．Why does the writer mention (提到) Along the River During the Qingming Festival? A．To show that takeout started in ancient time. B．To answer why most people liked to order takeout. C．To tell how people ordered takeout at that time. D．To make people believe the painting was famous. 40．What’s the structure of this passage? (①=Para.1 ②=Para.2 ③=Para.3…) A． B． C． D． 【答案】36．B 37．B 38．C 39．A 40．B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了古代的外卖。 36．细节理解题。根据“But did people eat takeout in ancient (古代的) China?”可知，作者通过提问开篇。故选B。 37．词句猜测题。根据“Restaurant waiters walked around the city or waited outside theaters. People paid them and the waiters would send food to their homes.”可知，饭店服务员走遍全城或等在剧院外，人们给他们钱，然后他们把饭送到他们家，此处是指服务员。故选B。 38．推理判断题。根据第四段“It was a long wooden box, and there were two layers of porcelain (两层陶瓷) in it. People put hot water between the two layers to keep the dishes warm.”可知，宋朝用来装外卖的餐盒是一个长长的木箱，里面有两层瓷器。人们在两层之间放热水来保温。据此可推断，C项图片所示可能是宋朝用来装外卖的餐盒，故选C。 39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“a takeout worker can be seen on the way to send food”可知，《清明上河图》上也出现了送外卖的工作人员；由此可推断，最后一段提到《清明上河图》是为了说明古代就已经有外卖了。故选A。 40．篇章结构题。综合全文可知，第一段提出观点：古代是否有外卖；第二段至第五段分别从不同的角度来介绍古代的外卖情况；据此可知，本文属于“总——分”结构。故选B。 10 Spring is here, and it is time to enjoy West Lake Longjing tea. Usually, we think of workers picking tea leaves by hand. But now, some metal (金属) workers are picking Longjing tea—they are tea-picking robots! In a Hangzhou tea garden, a smart tea-picking robot developed by Zhejiang Sci-Tech University set to work for the first time. “We took thousands of pictures of new tea buds (芽) and make the robot learn them carefully. The robot uses an AI model (模型) to find the buds that it needs to pick,” said Professor Chen Jianneng, Party branch secretary (党支部书记) of the research team. This lets the robot find the right tea buds about 90 percent of the time. The tea-picking robot’s arm pulls and then sucks (吸) up the tea buds. These buds are quickly moved into a special box. After the robot gathers (聚集) all the buds from the area (区域) it’s working at, it moves the buds from the box to a main box that holds everything it collects. The robot was made because there are not enough people to pick tea. In Zhejiang, about 400, 000 more pickers are needed now. “Picking is the biggest challenge (挑战) for the development of the tea industry,” said Professor Wu Chuanyu, who leads the research team. “Tea-picking robots are a trend (趋势) of the future,” said Wu. “About five years from now, the robots will do the job of picking Longjing tea instead of people”, Wu added. 41．According to Para. 2, how can the robot find the right tea buds? A．By using an AI model. B．By taking pictures of tea buds. C．By making an AI model. D．By learning pictures of tea buds. 42．What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A．Where the robot works. B．How the robot works. C．How the robot is made. D．Why the box is special. 43．According to Para. 4, why do people use robots to pick tea? A．Using robots costs less money. B．The tea industry doesn’t need people. C．There are not enough tea pickers. D．Robots do much better in picking tea. 44．Which of the following best shows the structure of the text? →paragraph 1, →paragraph 2, … A． B． C． D． 45．What will happen to West Lake Longjing tea according to Wu? A．Robots might do the job of making tea soon. B．There will be few people drink Longjing tea. C．Robots can help taste the tea in the near future. D．There may be few human pickers in five years. 【答案】41．A 42．B 43．C 44．D 45．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智能采茶机器人的情况。 41．细节理解题。根据“The robot uses an AI model (模型) to find the buds that it needs to pick”可知，机器人使用人工智能模型来识别它需要采摘的芽。故选A。 42．主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍机器人是如何工作的，故选B。 43．细节理解题。根据“The robot was made because there are not enough people to pick tea.”可知，因为没有足够的人采茶，所以制造了这个机器人。故选C。 44．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段引出智能采茶机器人；第二、三、四段介绍智能采茶机器人如何采茶、制造的原因；第五段介绍智能采茶机器人未来的发展。故选D。 45．细节理解题。根据“Tea-picking robots are a trend (趋势) of the future”和“About five years from now, the robots will do the job of picking Longjing tea instead of people”可知，他认为采茶机器人是未来的一种趋势，大约五年后，机器人将代替人去采摘西湖龙井茶。所以五年后可能很少有人类采茶了，故选D。 11 Let’s enjoy a movie! ZootopiaFrom a large elephant to a small mouse, animals live happily together in Disney’s Zootopia. Language: English Running Time: 1 Hour and 40 Minutes Price: Weekdays—$60; $30 (children under 6) Weekends—$70; $35 (children under 6) John: I’ve never imagined the movie’s plot (情节) is so interesting. There are 64 kinds of animals in it. After I watched the movie, I learned more about animals. I would highly recommend (推荐) this movie to those animal lovers. David: I have seen many cartoons of this kind, but this one is surprisingly funny and I love the sweet voice in it. My brother and I just couldn’t help laughing from the beginning to the end. Nancy: This movie is so well made. I went to see it with my 5-year-old son last Sunday afternoon. I love the beautiful music while my son loves the rabbit police officer Judy very much. It shows that small animals like her can also do serious work. 46．How long does this movie last? A．60 minutes. B．90 minutes. C．100 minutes. D．120 minutes. 47．What does John like about this movie? A．The sweet voice. B．The interesting plot. C．The special actors. D．The beautiful music. 48．How much should Nancy and her son pay for the movie? A．$65. B．$90. C．$105. D．$130. 49．What can we learn from the passage? A．Zootopia is a movie made by Disney. B．Nancy loves the rabbit in the movie a lot. C．John doesn’t think much of the movie. D．David went to see Zootopia with his father. 50．In which part of a magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Sports. B．Health. C．Art. D．Education. 【答案】46．C 47．B 48．C 49．A 50．C 【解析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了影片《疯狂动物城》的基本信息及一些影评。 46．细节理解题。根据“Running Time: 1 Hour and 40 Minutes”可知，持续100分钟，故选C。 47．细节理解题。根据“John: I’ve never imagined the movie’s plot (情节) is so interesting.”可知，John喜欢电影情节，故选B。 48．细节理解题。根据“Price: Weekends—$70; $35 (children under 6)”和“I went to see it with my 5-year-old son last Sunday afternoon.”可知，70+35=105，故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据“From a large elephant to a small mouse, animals live happily together in Disney’s Zootopia.”可知，这部电影是迪士尼创作的，故选A。 50．推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，本文是一篇应用文，介绍了影片《疯狂动物城》的基本信息及一些影评，与艺术有关，故选C。 12 There is a young boy called Bill in my class. He has difficulty (困难) in saying some words. Sometimes, he says the same word twice, or he stutter (结巴). Kids laugh at him sometimes. One day, my teacher asked us to make a school play and he let Bill take part in the show. We were all surprised and wanted to know how he did with his speaking problem. When the show arrived, Bill started to speak. He still stuttered. Then, to our surprise, when the music started, he sang along with it. He had a wonderful voice and didn’t stutter. Bill was different when he sang. The next day at school, everyone was happy for Bill. “It’s easy for people who stutter to sing well. Science doesn’t know why, but it’s true,” said Bill. Bill still stuttered. But sometimes when he couldn’t give an answer in class, he just stopped, and sang the answer. We have learned more than a scientific truth. Everyone has their strong and weak points. We should pay attention to the strong ones. In this way, we can grow up better and better. All the people can get along well with each other. 51．Why do kids make fun of Bill sometimes? A．Because he can’t sing well. B．Because he can’t get along well with others. C．Because he can’t say some words well. D．Because he doesn’t want to talk with others. 52．The students thought Bill’s singing was ________. A．bad B．interesting C．boring D．beautiful 53．Which is the right order of the following events? a. Bill sang well in the play. b. The teacher asked Bill to take part in the play. c. We learned more than a scientific truth. d. Bill said it was easy for people who stutter to sing well. A．b-a-c-d B．a-c-b-d C．b-a-d-c D．a-b-c-d 54．What can we infer from the passage? A．Bill’s classmates didn’t think he could be in the show at first. B．Bill didn’t stutter when he speaks in the show. C．Bill sometimes says the same word for many times. D．Bill can’t answer any questions in class. 55．What is the best title for the passage? A．Be kind to others B．Everyone is right C．Never play jokes on others D．Everyone has their strong points 【答案】51．C 52．D 53．C 54．A 55．D 【解析】本文主要讲述了作者同学比尔虽然说话口吃，但是唱歌非常好，从而告诉我们：每个人都有自己的闪光点，我们要学习别人身上的优点。 51．细节理解题。根据“Sometimes, he says the same word twice, or he stutter. Kids laugh at him sometimes.”可知，孩子们有时会嘲笑比尔是因为他说话结巴，有些话说不好。故选C。 52．细节理解题。根据“He had a wonderful voice and didn’t stutter. Bill was different when he sang.”可知，学生们认为比尔的歌声很优美。故选D。 53．细节理解题。根据“One day, my teacher asked us to make a school play and he let Bill take part in the show.”、“Then, to our surprise, when the music started, he sang along with it. He had a wonderful voice and didn’t stutter.”、“‘It’s easy for people who stutter to sing well. Science doesn’t know why, but it’s true,’ said Bill.”和“We have learned more than a scientific truth.”可知，一开始老师让比尔参加学校的戏剧演出，然后比尔在戏剧中唱得很好，并说：“科学也无法解释为什么口吃的人很容易唱得很好”，最后作者陈述他们学到的不仅仅是一个科学真理。对应的题干顺序为b-a-d-c。故选C。 54．细节理解题。根据“We were all surprised and wanted to know how he did with his speaking problem.”可知，比尔的同学起初并不认为他能出演这部戏。故选A。 55．最佳标题题。根据“Everyone has their strong and weak points. We should pay attention to the strong ones.”及全文内容可知，文章通过讲述比尔的事情，告诉我们每个人都有自己的长处。故选D。 13 ①China covers a large area (地区). So, the living habits of people around the country are different. Now, one living habit is being talked about a lot: the way that northerners (北方人) and southerners shop at food markets. ②People from southern China say they always buy what they need for just one or two meals. It is normal for them to buy half of a cabbage, two potatoes and 250 grams of beef at a time. ③However, one may be laughed at if he does this in the north. Buying enough vegetables and meat for a week is normal, reported China Daily. ④Also, you can just buy an apple or a pear each time in the south. Shop owners even help you peel and cut the fruit. But shop owners in the north don’t often help to do that. And they sell many fruits in baskets and boxes. ⑤The different weather makes the difference. Food can be kept for a long time in the north, because it is usually cold and dry there. Many northerners have the habit of stocking up (囤货) on food, especially for the long winter. But the hot and wet weather in the south makes southern Chinese people buy just enough food for one meal or one day, or else the food may go bad. 56．How do people in northern China buy food? A．They only buy enough food for a day. B．They buy enough food for about a week. C．They usually buy cheap food. D．They buy more meat than vegetables. 57．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Buying an apple or a pear. B．Selling many fruits together. C．Peeling and cut the fruit. D．Selling many fruits in baskets and boxes. 58．What is the big difference in the shopping habits of the two groups? A．What foods they can buy. B．How much the foods cost. C．How they spend money. D．How long they stock fresh food. 59．Which is the best title for the passage? A．How the weather is different in China B．Chinese people’s differences in buying foods C．Southern Chinese and Northern Chinese people D．Buying different things across China 60．In which part of the magazine can we probably read the passage? A．Art B．Sports C．Health D．Culture 【答案】56．B 57．C 58．D 59．B 60．D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲了中国南北地区因气候不同导致食物储存情况有别，这使得南北方人在食品市场购物习惯上存在差异。 56．细节理解题。根据“Buying enough vegetables and meat for a week is normal, reported China Daily.”可知，北方人会买够大约一周的食物。故选B。 57．词句猜测题。根据“Shop owners even help you peel and cut the fruit. But shop owners in the north don’t often help to do that.”可知，店主甚至会帮你去皮和切水果。但北部的店主通常不会帮忙做这件事。that指的是“Peeling and cut the fruit.”。故选C。 58．细节理解题。根据“One living habit is being talked about a lot: the way that northerners and southerners shop at food markets.”以及文章内容可知，南北购物习惯的最大不同在于购买食物的量，北方人会囤够一周左右的食物，南方人则按一顿或一天所需购买。故选D。 59．最佳标题题。根据“the way that northerners and southerners shop at food markets.”可知，文章主要介绍了中国南北方人在购买食物方面的差异。故选B。 60．推理判断题。文章介绍的是中国南北方不同的饮食文化相关内容，所以可能在杂志的文化板块读到这篇文章。故选D。 14 Making bread is a kind of art for Mary, a baker (面包师)in Wuhan. In Mary’s hands, sugar, salt, flour (面粉)and olive oil (橄榄油)seem to have their own thoughts. Bread seems to come to life when it is in the oven. Her bread has different looks from other bread. Mary’s ideas to make bread came from her life. The clothes she wore, the vegetables she bought, and even the festivals she celebrated all help her make different bread. In 2024, Mary had more time than before, so she made bread of many female portraits (女性肖像). She named the portraits Her Portraits Made of Bread. She added common materials to make the bread faces beautiful. The materials like tomatoes and apples could be bought easily in the supermarket. After putting the dough (面团) into the oven to bake (烤), Mary likes to sit there and watch the bread become different. “You will never know what it will finally look like until it is done,” Mary says. “Making bread is like playing a game. I feel wonderful when I’m in the kitchen.” Mary’s videos of making bread became popular online. People feel relaxed when they watch her videos. So next time, if you don’t feel happy, you can watch her videos and learn to make bread by yourself. 61．What does Mary do? A．A worker. B．A baker. C．A teacher. D．A cook. 62．What does Mary feel when she is making bread? A．Excited. B．Wonderful. C．Relaxed. D．Tired. 63．What gave Mary the ideas to make bread? a. the book she read        b. the clothes she wore c. the vegetables she bought        d. the videos she watched online e. the festivals she celebrated A．ade B．bce C．cde D．acd 64．What’s the right order of Mary’s story? ①She named the portraits. ②She got ideas to make bread from her life. ③Her videos of making bread became popular online. ④She had more time than before and made bread of many female portraits. A．③④①② B．②④③① C．④③①② D．②④①③ 65．What can you get from the passage? A．Mary thinks making bread is a hard job. B．It’s relaxing for people to enjoy Mary’s videos. C．Mary wants to keep warm, so she likes to sit beside the oven. D．It’s difficult to buy the materials Chen used to make the bread faces. 【答案】61．B 62．B 63．B 64．D 65．B 【解析】本文介绍了面包师玛丽的个人经历，她从生活中得到一些制作面包的想法，后来，她制作面包的视频在网络上走红。 61．细节理解题。根据“Making bread is a kind of art for Mary, a baker( 面包师) in Wuhan.”可知，玛丽是一名面包师。故选B。 62．细节理解题。根据“I feel wonderful when I’m in the kitchen.”可知，玛丽制作面包时是感觉愉快的。故选B。 63．细节理解题。根据“The clothes she wore, the vegetables she bought, and even the festivals she celebrated all help her make different bread.”可知，她穿的衣服、她买的蔬菜和她庆祝的节日都让她想到做面包。故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据“Mary’s ideas to make bread came from her life.”可知，玛丽从生活中得来了一些做面包的想法；根据“ In 2024, Mary had more time than before, so she made bread of many female portraits( 女性肖像).”可知，她比以前有更多的时间，用许多女性肖像做面包并给它们命名；根据“Mary’s videos of making bread became popular online.”可知，玛丽制作面包的视频开始在网络上流行，因此②④①③ 是正确的顺序。故选D。 65．细节理解题。根据“So next time, if you don’t feel happy, you can watch her videos and learn to make bread by yourself.”可知，对人们来说，欣赏玛丽的视频是一种放松。故选B。 15 Reading is getting more and more popular among young Chinese. A new survey says that 85% of young people in China read at least 1 book last year. The number of young people who are reading has been rising in recent years, especially for teenagers, who read an average (平均) of 11. 5 books last year. The information shows that teenagers spend much more time reading from school textbooks to some other reading things, such as newspapers, e-books, magazines and so on. But younger children aged 2-8 are mainly reading for fun. When it comes to technology (科技) and reading, the survey suggests little. It does point out that many parents control (控制) the time of e-reading, mainly because of worrying about more screen time. However, most Chinese parents are helping their children to build a reading habit. They act as examples for their children. More than 70% of Chinese parents spend at least 20 minutes a day reading to their children aged 0 to 8 years old, and visit bookstores with them an average of three times a year. Information shows that kids and teenagers who do a lot of reading, compared to (与……相比) those who don’t like reading have more books in the home. Their parents read more often, and would like to spend time reading with them. General Secretary Xi Jinping has put forward that we should love reading, read good books and be good at reading. We should actively build good reading habits, keep improving our knowledge through reading good books, and let reading become an important part of our life. Remember that although you might lose something else, knowledge can never be taken away from you. Now open a book, and feed your mind. 66．How does the writer support (支持) his opinion in Paragraph 1? A．By giving an example. B．By comparing facts. C．By listing numbers. D．By asking a question. 67．Why do many parents control the time of their children’s e-reading? A．Because e-books are expensive. B．Because e-reading might be bad for eyes. C．Because children has little time to read. D．Because it’s very difficult to get e-books. 68．The underlined word “act as” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________. A．扮演 B．表演 C．装扮 D．树立 69．The next part of the article will most probably talk about ________. A．developing children’s writing habits B．encouraging parents to read more after work C．listing some different opinions about reading D．introducing some books for young people to read 70．The purpose (目的) of the passage is ________. A．to show how young Chinese like reading B．to list what kinds of books children like C．to ask young Chinese to read more books D．to point out why parents control their children 【答案】66．C 67．B 68．D 69．D 70．C 【解析】本文通过调查数据展现中国年轻人阅读现状，阐述家长对孩子阅读的影响，呼吁年轻人多读书，让阅读成为生活的重要部分。 66．推理判断题。根据 “A new survey says that 85% of young people in China read at least 1 book last year.” 以及 “teenagers, who read an average (平均) of 11.5 books last year.”可知，通过列举这些数据来支持 “阅读在中国年轻人中越来越受欢迎” 这一观点。故选C。 67．细节理解题。根据 “many parents control (控制) the time of e-reading, mainly because of worrying about more screen time” 可知，家长控制孩子电子阅读时间，主要是担心屏幕使用时间过长对眼睛不好。故选B。 68．词义猜测题。根据 “However, most Chinese parents are helping their children to build a reading habit. They act as examples for their children.” 可知，大多数中国父母在帮助孩子培养阅读习惯，他们为孩子树立榜样。“act as” 在这里是 “树立（榜样）” 的意思 。故选D。 69．推理判断题。文章最后鼓励大家阅读，提到 “Now open a book, and feed your mind.”，接下来最有可能介绍一些适合年轻人阅读的书籍。故选D。 70．主旨大意题。文章先介绍了中国年轻人阅读的现状，接着阐述家长对孩子阅读的影响，最后引用习近平总书记的话鼓励大家热爱阅读，其目的是呼吁中国年轻人多读书。故选C。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$