暑假作业05 语言知识巩固练（选择性必修四Unit1～4）-【暑假分层作业】2025年高二年级英语暑假培优练（译林版2020）

限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05语言知识巩固练 （选择性必修四 Unit1-4） 一、拓展词汇 1.barely adv.刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才→bare adj.赤裸的;光秃秃的;无遮盖的,无装饰的 2.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint vt.任命,指派;约定,安排→appointed adj.任命的,委派的 3.reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的→rely v.信赖,依靠→reliance n.依靠,信任→reliant adj.依赖的;可靠的 4.criminal n.罪犯　adj.犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的→crime n.罪,罪行 5.innocent adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的　n.无辜者,单纯的人→innocence n.天真,单纯;清白,无罪 6.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂,阐明→clarification n.澄清,阐明 7.knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的→knowledge n.知识,学问 8.precisely adv.准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实→precise adj.精确的,准确的;恰好 9.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.批准,赞成→approving adj.赞成的 10.anticipate vt.预计;预料→anticipation n.预先;预测 11.prejudice n.偏见,成见→prejudiced adj.怀有偏见的;有成见的 12.lawyer n.律师→law n.法律 13.receptionist n.接待员→reception n.接待;招待会 14.respective adj.分别的,各自的→respect n.方面;敬意;尊敬　v.尊敬,尊重 15.operate vt.操作,使运行　vi.运转,工作;经营,营业→operation n.操作;经营;手术 二、重点短语 1.slow down 减速,减缓 2.tear down 拆毁,拆除 3.make one’s fortune 发财 4.lose contact 失去联系 5.turn up 出现,抬高 6.as to 关于,至于 7.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地,设身处地 8.be confused about 对……感到困惑 9.account for sth 是……的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占 10.approve of 赞成,赞同 11.be fond of 喜爱 12.add to 增加,增添 13.contribute to 有助于;促成 14.be superior to 优越于 15.have prejudice against 对……有偏见 16.take pride in 以……自豪 17.for the benefit of 为了……的利益 三、重点句型 1.疑问句+插入语+陈述句 How do you think you could sharpen your communication skills? 你认为怎样才能提高你的沟通技巧? 2.状语从句的省略 They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. 它们可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候,特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。 3. with的复合结构 A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣,这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。 4. 助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词 It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 的确,我们大多数人一旦完成学业就加入了劳动大军。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单词拼写 1．Honesty and kindness are among the most important （美德)in life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．Have you read the chapter on the (法律的) system? (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．Mary f (原谅) Jack when he apologised sincerely. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4．The manager has a series of business a (预约) today, including meetings with potential partners and clients. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 5．I actually care much more about her loyal and i (单纯的，天真无邪的) heart. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 6．People who p (假装) to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 7．The government (概述) its plan to reduce carbon emissions by 2030 during the international conference.  (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 8．Her doctor was at f (错误) for not sending her straight to a specialist. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 二、选词填空 interact; bearable; expose; participate; benefit; expand; visual; tendency; acknowledge; originate; 9．He tends to explore more with the of interest in science. 10．Those who are lacking confidence have a to give up in the face of frustrations. 11．With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was often . 12．This young man devoted himself to helping those to the disaster. 13．People like Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man and more to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 14．This professor has made such great breakthroughs that he as a pioneer in the field. 15．Readers of the book use their imaginations to characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound. This is where I think many film adaptations fall down. 16．The priority of the current project is to make an effective of different ideas. 17．He admits that his latest music style from the combination of folk and classical music. 18．Forty of the course are offered employment with the company. 三、单项选择 19．Some young people in America are expected to leave ______ could be life’s most important decision — marriage — entirely up to luck. A．which B．that C．what D．as 20．You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of ______ you think your real interests lie. A．where B．what C．that D．how 21．________ in the lab until midnight, the researchers finally observed the chemical reaction they had predicted. A．Having worked B．Working C．To work D．Worked 22．What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly. A．where B．how C．when D．why 23．The invention of the internet had a ______ impact on how people communicate around the world. A．slight B．significant C．temporary D．negative 24．Can we to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? A．weigh up B．put off C．take action D．pass up 25．Watching pigeons as they flow was ______ Mei Lanfang developed the expressive eye moments that were so crucial to his arts. A．that B．what C．why D．how 26．______ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Who C．Anyone D．Whoever 一、完成句子 1．归纳推理的结论可能具有不确定性。 → Conclusions from reasoning may be uncertain. 2．I tried to explain what had happened, but he just looked at me with (一脸茫然). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 3．He encouraged his crew to (参与各种娱乐活动) and celebrations because he thought it would keep their spirits up. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 4．They stared back, as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 5．The Chinese government formed a team of scientist (以……为目的) of discovering a new treatment for cancer. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 二、单句语法填空 6．The theory was developed through (inductive) reasoning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．Don’t worry. These problems will (resolve) in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The artist spent months perfecting the (compose) of his painting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．People make the   (assume) that if someone important and respected says that something is true, then it must be so. （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．I’m preparing a (present) for the city library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．These books are for (refer) only and may not be checked out of the library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．The city is undergoing significant development, and the (extend) of the subway will take several months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Employees in China may get a chance to take a breath from the tiring and punishing “996 work culture”, 13 people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, after several Chinese 14 (company) issued internal reminders to prevent formalistic (形式主义的) overtime working and workplace rat race (职场内卷). The central government has also shown greater determination 15 (regulate) the unhealthy “work culture”. Recently, local officials 16 (urge) to better protect workers’ right to rest and tighten supervision (监督) of employers’ behavior of 17 (illegal) lengthening employees’ working hours. Before the action plan was released, several Chinese companies 18 (seek) to relax their exhausting working schedules. Shenzhen-based drone manufacturer DJI became a popular topic 19 a social media platform — Sina Weibo recently, after some of its employees posted 20 (they) experiences of not being allowed to work overtime after 9 pm. Midea, a home appliance manufacturer, issued an internal notice in late January, 21 (ask) its staff members to simplify their working process, reduce work-related WeChat groups and avoid formalistic meetings. These changes mark 22 significant shift in China’s workplace culture, focusing on employees’ well-being over unreasonable overtime. 一、七选五阅读 Clear communication between pilots and air traffic controllers is absolutely necessary for safety. In order to communicate effectively, flight crews and controllers must share a common language. In 1951, when international air travel really started to take off, the International Civil Aviation (航空) Organization (ICAO) recommended that English be the standard language for aviation communications. 1 At the time, the US and UK produced and operated the majority of the world’s aircraft. ICAO publishes a special vocabulary of aviation English words and phrases that all international pilots and air traffic controllers must learn. 2 We sometimes call the words and phrases “The Script (脚本)”. It is designed to cover just about any situation that might arise, including emergencies. 3 Have you ever heard pilots in movies and TV say things like, “Trans-Global four-one-seven, turn left two-niner-zero and fly direct to Charlie — Zulu — India?” This is why. As you can imagine, even with a common language, communication can still be challenging due to different accents around the world. When communicating with one another, flight crews and controllers usually say specific things at certain times. Just like actors following a script, everyone involved can anticipate what will be said and when. 4 Do pilots and controllers speak only English on the radio? Not exactly. 5 Although English is common, we often hear other languages on the radio. Air traffic controllers in the Canadian province of Quebec are famous for speaking both French and English. A friendly, properly accented “Bonjour, Montréal Centre!” when checking in will let them know you prefer French. In the interest of flight safety, I always say “Hello” or “Good Morning”. A．Why English is recommended? B．Here’s a sample of how picky the guidelines are. C．Flight crews can pick out the important information. D．ICAO aviation English is a recommendation but not a law. E．Things run smoothly as long as everyone stays on the script. F．Everyone tries to follow the ICAO script to minimize problems. G．ICA even requires how the words, letters and numbers should be pronounced. 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Nikki Corbett was desperate The mother and small business owner had searched online and in stores near her home in Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula, but she could not find any books to teach her young children the Yup’ik language. Growing up, Corbett was more fluent in the language because she lived largely in the Yup’ik Community of Bethel, Alaska. “And so obviously being immersed in that, you understand more and can speak more”, Corbett said. But being away from it — the community that I live in, Yup’ik is not a language that’s normally spoken. More than 20% of the state’s population is native. Of the estimated 21,000 Alaskans who identify themselves as Yup’ik, nearly half speak the language. In fact, Yup’ik is the most commonly spoken native language in Alaska. Corbett might have been immersed in Yup’ik culture when she was growing up in Bethel. But that was not the case for every Alaska native. The control of native Americans and ignorance toward native language and culture had a lot to do with it. “The younger generations, like my generation, in some of those areas, don’t know the language because their parents didn’t teach them to speak Yup’ik,” Corbett said. “And so I think it’s because they wanted their children to follow suit, speaking the official language, especially at school.” There are immersion schools in Alaska that have Yup’ik learning materials, but Corbett said it was nearly impossible to find those books outside the classroom. So Corbett and her friend, Katie O’Connor, an illustrator and mother, decided to create their own Yup’ik alphabet coloring book. Katie O’Connor is an Inupiag artist based in Nome, Alaska. Growing up, O’Connor didn’t learn much about her own Inupiag culture until after high school. “There’s not a lot available out there. Most of the books related to any Alaska native culture are written by non-native people,” O’Connor said. “Most of them are written by people who aren’t from Alaska, and some are written by people who’ve never been to our region.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Corbett and O’Connor decided to team up with each other. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hardly had the 27-page coloring book appeared when it earned great popularity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业05语言知识巩固练 （选择性必修四 Unit1-4） 一、拓展词汇 1.barely adv.刚好;仅仅,勉强可能;几乎不;刚才→bare adj.赤裸的;光秃秃的;无遮盖的,无装饰的 2.appointment n.约定,约会;任命,委任;职务→appoint vt.任命,指派;约定,安排→appointed adj.任命的,委派的 3.reliable adj.可信赖的,可依靠的;真实可信的,可靠的→rely v.信赖,依靠→reliance n.依靠,信任→reliant adj.依赖的;可靠的 4.criminal n.罪犯　adj.犯法的,犯罪的;刑事的;不道德的→crime n.罪,罪行 5.innocent adj.无辜的,清白的,无罪的;天真无邪的,纯真的　n.无辜者,单纯的人→innocence n.天真,单纯;清白,无罪 6.clarify vt.使更清晰易懂,阐明→clarification n.澄清,阐明 7.knowledgeable adj.博学的,有见识的→knowledge n.知识,学问 8.precisely adv.准确地,恰好地;细心地;正是,确实→precise adj.精确的,准确的;恰好 9.approve vi.& vt.赞成;批准,通过(计划、要求等)→approval n.批准,赞成→approving adj.赞成的 10.anticipate vt.预计;预料→anticipation n.预先;预测 11.prejudice n.偏见,成见→prejudiced adj.怀有偏见的;有成见的 12.lawyer n.律师→law n.法律 13.receptionist n.接待员→reception n.接待;招待会 14.respective adj.分别的,各自的→respect n.方面;敬意;尊敬　v.尊敬,尊重 15.operate vt.操作,使运行　vi.运转,工作;经营,营业→operation n.操作;经营;手术 二、重点短语 1.slow down 减速,减缓 2.tear down 拆毁,拆除 3.make one’s fortune 发财 4.lose contact 失去联系 5.turn up 出现,抬高 6.as to 关于,至于 7.put yourself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地,设身处地 8.be confused about 对……感到困惑 9.account for sth 是……的说明(或原因);(数量上、比例上)占 10.approve of 赞成,赞同 11.be fond of 喜爱 12.add to 增加,增添 13.contribute to 有助于;促成 14.be superior to 优越于 15.have prejudice against 对……有偏见 16.take pride in 以……自豪 17.for the benefit of 为了……的利益 三、重点句型 1.疑问句+插入语+陈述句 How do you think you could sharpen your communication skills? 你认为怎样才能提高你的沟通技巧? 2.状语从句的省略 They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile. 它们可以解读成来自亲密朋友的热情问候,特别是如果伴随着亲切的笑容。 3. with的复合结构 A smile shows you are attentive to the issues being discussed, while looking away with your arms folded can indicate disinterest and create distrust or friction. 微笑表明你对正在讨论的问题很关注,而双臂交叉、目光移开可能表明你不感兴趣,这样会造成不信任或导致摩擦。 4. 助动词do/does/did强调谓语动词 It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 的确,我们大多数人一旦完成学业就加入了劳动大军。 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单词拼写 1．Honesty and kindness are among the most important （美德)in life. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】virtues 【详解】考查名词。句意：诚实和善良是生活中最重要的美德。根据单词汉语提示及空前的Honesty and kindness are among the most important可知应填名词复数形式virtues，作宾语，故填virtues。 2．Have you read the chapter on the (法律的) system? (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】legal 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你读过关于法律制度的章节吗？根据句意和中文提示，可知，用填入形容词legal“法律的”作定语修饰system，legal system是固定搭配，意为“法律体系/法律制度” 。故填legal。 3．Mary f (原谅) Jack when he apologised sincerely. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】forgave 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：杰克真诚道歉后，玛丽原谅了他。由首字母提示f可知，“原谅”是forgive，由apologised可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式。故填forgave。 4．The manager has a series of business a (预约) today, including meetings with potential partners and clients. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】appointments/ppointments 【详解】考查名词。句意：经理今天有一系列的商务预约，包括与潜在合作伙伴和客户的会议。根据提示的汉语“预约”及首字母“a”，此处应使用名词appointment作宾语，空前有a series of修饰，所以此处使用名词复数形式。故填appointments。 5．I actually care much more about her loyal and i (单纯的，天真无邪的) heart. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】innocent/nnocent 【详解】考查形容词。句意：其实我更在乎的是她那颗忠诚纯真的心。根据首字母及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词innocent，修饰名词heart，作定语。故填innocent。 6．People who p (假装) to be someone they are not tend to misjudge themselves. (根据中英文提示拼写单词) 【答案】pretend/retend 【详解】考查时态。句意：那些假装成不是自己的人往往会误判自己。根据首字母和中文提示可知，表示“假装”应用pretend，为动词，作定语从句谓语，且这里时态应与后文保持一致用一般现在时，从句主语who(指代先行词People)为复数形式。故填pretend。 7．The government (概述) its plan to reduce carbon emissions by 2030 during the international conference.  (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】outlined 【详解】考查动词。句意：政府在国际会议上概述了其到2030年减少碳排放的计划。“概述”作谓语，用动词outline，根据语境可知，该动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时态。故填outlined。 8．Her doctor was at f (错误) for not sending her straight to a specialist. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】fault/ault 【详解】考查名词。句意：她的医生没有把她直接送到专家那里，这是她的错。根据单词首字母以及句意“错误”可知，空格处应用单词“fault”，意为“错误”，名词词性，在句中作宾语，“at fault”意为“有过错”。故填fault。 二、选词填空 interact; bearable; expose; participate; benefit; expand; visual; tendency; acknowledge; originate; 9．He tends to explore more with the of interest in science. 10．Those who are lacking confidence have a to give up in the face of frustrations. 11．With these severe restrictions to her communication, Helen’s behavior was often . 12．This young man devoted himself to helping those to the disaster. 13．People like Bacon and Galilei knew that knowledge and understanding are things to fight for; more vital to a man and more to mankind, some might say, than all the money in the world. 14．This professor has made such great breakthroughs that he as a pioneer in the field. 15．Readers of the book use their imaginations to characters and have very definite ideas about how characters should look and sound. This is where I think many film adaptations fall down. 16．The priority of the current project is to make an effective of different ideas. 17．He admits that his latest music style from the combination of folk and classical music. 18．Forty of the course are offered employment with the company. 【答案】 9．expansion 10．tendency 11．unbearable 12．exposed 13．beneficial 14．is acknowledged 15．visualize/visualise 16．interaction 17．originates 18．participants 【解析】9．考查名词。句意：他倾向于在科学兴趣的扩展中探索更多。根据句意，此处需填入表示“扩展”的名词，即expand的名词expansion作宾语，不可数，故填expansion。 10．考查名词。句意：缺乏自信的人在面对挫折时有放弃的倾向。根据句意，此处需填入表示“倾向”的名词，即应填名词tendency作宾语，由a可知，应用单数，故填tendency。 11．考查形容词。句意：由于沟通受到严格限制，海伦的行为常常令人难以忍受。根据句意，此处需填入表示“难以忍受的”的形容词作表语，即应用形容词bearable“可忍受的”的反义词unbearable，故填unbearable。 12．考查动词。句意：这位年轻人致力于帮助那些遭受灾难的人。根据句意，此处是后置定语，表示“暴露”应用动词expose，和所修饰词those是被动关系，即应用过去分词形式，故填exposed。 13．考查形容词。句意：培根和伽利略等人知道，知识和理解是需要争取的东西；对一个人来说更重要，对人类来说更有益，有些人可能会说，比世界上所有的钱都重要。根据句意，此处需填入表示“有益的”形容词作表语，动词benefit“受益”的形容词为beneficial，more beneficial是比较级，故填beneficial。 14．考查动词。句意：这位教授取得了如此重大的突破，以至于他被公认为该领域的先驱。根据句意，此处表示“公认为”为固定搭配be acknowledged as，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是he，be动词应用is，故填is acknowledged。 15．考查动词。句意：这本书的读者利用他们的想象力来想象角色，并对角色的外貌和声音有非常明确的想法。这就是我认为许多电影改编失败的地方。根据句意，此处需填入表示“想象”的动词，visual“视觉的”的动词形式为visualize/visualise，由不定式符号to可知，应用原形，故填visualize/visualise。 16．考查名词。句意：当前项目的首要任务是有效地整合不同的想法。根据句意，此处需填入表示“互动”或“整合”interact的名词作宾语，由an可知，应用单数，故填interaction。 17．考查动词。句意：他承认，他最新的音乐风格源自民间音乐和古典音乐的结合。根据句意，此处需填入动词作谓语，表示“源自”，应用动词originate，句子描述一般性事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，即谓语动词应用三单形式，故填originates。 18．考查名词。句意：该课程的40名参与者获得了该公司的就业机会。根据句意，此处需填入表示“参与者”的名词作主语，participate的名词形式为participant，由forty可知，应用复数形式，故填participants。 三、单项选择 19．Some young people in America are expected to leave ______ could be life’s most important decision — marriage — entirely up to luck. A．which B．that C．what D．as 【答案】C 【详解】考查宾语从句连接词辨析。 句意：在美国，一些年轻人被认为会将人生最重要的决定——婚姻—— 完全交给运气来决定。空处引导宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，所以用what引导该从句。故选C。 20．You should first explore your talents and get to know yourself so as to make a list of ______ you think your real interests lie. A．where B．what C．that D．how 【答案】A 【详解】考查宾语从句。句意：你应当首先开发你的天赋，了解自己，以便于列出一个你认为你真正的兴趣所在的名单。空处引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用连接副词where引导。故选A。 21．________ in the lab until midnight, the researchers finally observed the chemical reaction they had predicted. A．Having worked B．Working C．To work D．Worked 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在实验室工作到午夜，终于观察到了他们预测的化学反应。本句谓语为observed，此处为非谓语动词，作状语。逻辑主语the researchers与work为主动关系，且“工作到午夜”发生在“观察到反应”之前，应用现在分词的完成式having worked。故选A。 22．What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly. A．where B．how C．when D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令考古学家困惑的是，这座古城为何会被如此突然地废弃。空格处引导表语从句，表示“为何，为什么”，用why引导表语从句。故选D。 23．The invention of the internet had a ______ impact on how people communicate around the world. A．slight B．significant C．temporary D．negative 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：互联网的发明对世界各地人们的交流方式产生了重大影响。A. slight轻微的；B. significant重要的；C. temporary短暂的；D. negative消极的。根据“The invention of the internet”可知，此处是对互联网的发明作客观评价，指它对人们的交流方式产生了“重大”影响。故选B。 24．Can we to shape it, or should we just accept whatever comes our way? A．weigh up B．put off C．take action D．pass up 【答案】C 【详解】动词动词短语辨析。 句意：我们能采取行动来塑造它，还是应该接受我们所遇到的一切？   A. weigh up权衡利弊； B. put off推迟； C. take action采取行动； D. pass up放弃机会。根据句意可知，我们能采取行动来塑造它，还是应该接受我们所遇到的一切。故选C项。 25．Watching pigeons as they flow was ______ Mei Lanfang developed the expressive eye moments that were so crucial to his arts. A．that B．what C．why D．how 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：看着鸽子飞翔，梅兰芳就这样发展出了富有表现力的眼神，这对他的艺术至关重要。分析句子结构可知，本句为表语从句，从句缺少方式状语，所以用连接副词how引导，表示“如何，怎样”之意。故选D。 26．______ breaks the law should be punished. A．No matter who B．Who C．Anyone D．Whoever 【答案】D 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：任何触犯法律的人都应该受到惩罚。A. No matter who无论谁；B. Who谁；C. Anyone任何人；D. Whoever无论谁。分析句子结构可知，本句为主语从句，且表示“无论谁”，所以用whoever引导，no matter who只能让步引导状语从句。故选D。 一、完成句子 1．归纳推理的结论可能具有不确定性。 → Conclusions from reasoning may be uncertain. 【答案】inductive 【详解】考查形容词。空处需填形容词inductive，表示“归纳的”，修饰名词reasoning，作定语。故填inductive。 2．I tried to explain what had happened, but he just looked at me with (一脸茫然). (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】a blank look 【详解】考查名词短语。句意：我试图解释发生了什么，但他只是一脸茫然地看着我。形容词blank (没表情的)，名词look (表情)，根据汉语提示“一脸茫然”可知，空处应用名词短语a blank look，作介词with的宾语，符合题意。故填a blank look。 3．He encouraged his crew to (参与各种娱乐活动) and celebrations because he thought it would keep their spirits up. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】attend all kinds of recreations 【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。句意：他鼓励他的船员参加各种娱乐和庆祝活动，因为他认为这可以让他们振作起来。“参与”是attend，“各种”是all kinds of，“娱乐活动”是recreation，要用复数形式表示多种不同的娱乐活动，encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此attend用原形，故填attend all kinds of recreations。 4．They stared back, as to what they would say next. 他们面无表情地凝视着她，让人根本看不出他们接下来会说什么。 【答案】their blank faces giving no clue 【详解】考查独立主格。根据句意和给的句式结构，They stared back为句子的主干部分，且该句中没有连词，故后半部分应用独立主格结构。their blank faces表示“他们面无表情的脸”，作独立主格结构中的逻辑主语；give no clue表示“没有提供线索”，give与其逻辑主语their blank faces构成主动关系，因此要用现在分词giving。故填their blank faces giving no clue。 5．The Chinese government formed a team of scientist (以……为目的) of discovering a new treatment for cancer. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】with the objective of 【详解】考查介词短语。句意：中国政府成立了一个科学家小组，目的是发现治疗癌症的新方法。表示“以……为目的”使用介词短语with the objective of，故填with the objective of。 二、单句语法填空 6．The theory was developed through (inductive) reasoning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】inductive 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这个理论是通过归纳推理发展而来的。提示词修饰名词reasoning，用形容词inductive作定语，意为“归纳的”。故填inductive。 7．Don’t worry. These problems will (resolve) in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be resolved 【详解】考查语态。句意：别担心。这些问题最终会得到解决。These problems与resolve为被动关系，本句为一般将来时的被动语态。故填be resolved。 8．The artist spent months perfecting the (compose) of his painting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】composition 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位艺术家花了几个月的时间来完善他的绘画构图。设空处应填名词作宾语，compose的名词形式是composition，意为“构图；作品”，此处表示绘画的构图，该词表示“构图”含义时，为不可数名词，使用单数，故填composition。 9．People make the   (assume) that if someone important and respected says that something is true, then it must be so. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】assumption 【详解】考查名词。句意：人们认为，如果一个重要而受人尊敬的人说某事是真的，那么它一定是真的。空格处动词assume“认为”应用其名词形式assumption“假设”，作make“做”的宾语，表示做下文提到的假设。故填assumption。 10．I’m preparing a (present) for the city library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】presentation 【详解】考查名词。句意：我正在为城市图书馆准备一场演讲。空处作宾语，需用名词presentation，不定冠词a修饰单数可数名词。故填presentation。 11．These books are for (refer) only and may not be checked out of the library. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】reference 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些书籍仅供参考，不得借出图书馆。空处需要名词作介词for的宾语。refer的名词形式为reference“参考”。故填reference。 12．The city is undergoing significant development, and the (extend) of the subway will take several months. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extension 【详解】考查名词。句意：这座城市正在经历重大发展，地铁延伸将需要几个月的时间。此处应用名词extension作主语，不可数，故填extension。 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Employees in China may get a chance to take a breath from the tiring and punishing “996 work culture”, 13 people work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week, after several Chinese 14 (company) issued internal reminders to prevent formalistic (形式主义的) overtime working and workplace rat race (职场内卷). The central government has also shown greater determination 15 (regulate) the unhealthy “work culture”. Recently, local officials 16 (urge) to better protect workers’ right to rest and tighten supervision (监督) of employers’ behavior of 17 (illegal) lengthening employees’ working hours. Before the action plan was released, several Chinese companies 18 (seek) to relax their exhausting working schedules. Shenzhen-based drone manufacturer DJI became a popular topic 19 a social media platform — Sina Weibo recently, after some of its employees posted 20 (they) experiences of not being allowed to work overtime after 9 pm. Midea, a home appliance manufacturer, issued an internal notice in late January, 21 (ask) its staff members to simplify their working process, reduce work-related WeChat groups and avoid formalistic meetings. These changes mark 22 significant shift in China’s workplace culture, focusing on employees’ well-being over unreasonable overtime. 【答案】 13．where 14．companies 15．to regulate 16．have been urged 17．illegally 18．had sought 19．on 20．their 21．asking 22．a 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了中国政府及企业正采取措施，抵制“996工作文化”，以保护劳动者权益和提升职场福祉。 13．考查定语从句。句意：在几家中国公司发布内部提醒，防止形式主义的加班和职场内卷之后，中国的员工可能会得到一个从令人疲惫和惩罚性的“996工作文化”中喘口气的机会，在这种文化中，人们每周工作六天，从早上9点工作到晚上9点。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“996 work culture”，表示抽象地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 14．考查名词复数。句意同上。根据空前several可知，空处应用可数名词company的复数形式companies。故填companies。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：中央政府也表现出了更大的决心来规范不健康的“工作文化”。根据句意和空前greater determination可知，此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，修饰名词determination，determination to do sth.意为“做某事的决心”。故填to regulate。 16．考查时态和语态。句意：最近，地方官员被敦促更好地保护工人的休息权，并加强对雇主非法延长员工工作时间的监督。根据时间状语Recently和句意可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语local officials和动词urge之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词应用have。故填have been urged。 17．考查副词。句意同上。空处修饰动词lengthening，应用副词illegally“非法地”作状语。故填illegally。 18．考查时态。句意：在行动计划发布之前，几家中国公司已经寻求放松他们令人疲惫的工作时间表。空处为主句谓语动词，根据时间状语从句Before the action plan was released可知，此处表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had sought。 19．考查介词。句意：总部位于深圳的无人机制造商大疆最近在社交媒体平台新浪微博上成为一个热门话题，此前该公司的一些员工发布了他们在晚上9点后不被允许加班的经历。根据句意和空后a social media platform可知，此处表示“在社交媒体平台上”，应用介词on。故填on。 20．考查代词。句意同上。根据空后experiences可知，空处应用形容词性物主代词their作定语，修饰名词。故填their。 21．考查非谓语动词。句意：家电制造商美的在1月底发布了一份内部通知，要求其员工简化工作流程，减少与工作相关的微信群，并避免形式主义的会议。句中已有谓语动词issued，空处应用非谓语动词，逻辑主语an internal notice和动词ask之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填asking。 22．考查冠词。句意：这些变化标志着中国职场文化的一个重大转变，即关注员工的福祉，而不是不合理的加班。shift为可数名词单数，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且significant为辅音音素开头的单词，应用a。故填a。 一、七选五阅读 Clear communication between pilots and air traffic controllers is absolutely necessary for safety. In order to communicate effectively, flight crews and controllers must share a common language. In 1951, when international air travel really started to take off, the International Civil Aviation (航空) Organization (ICAO) recommended that English be the standard language for aviation communications. 1 At the time, the US and UK produced and operated the majority of the world’s aircraft. ICAO publishes a special vocabulary of aviation English words and phrases that all international pilots and air traffic controllers must learn. 2 We sometimes call the words and phrases “The Script (脚本)”. It is designed to cover just about any situation that might arise, including emergencies. 3 Have you ever heard pilots in movies and TV say things like, “Trans-Global four-one-seven, turn left two-niner-zero and fly direct to Charlie — Zulu — India?” This is why. As you can imagine, even with a common language, communication can still be challenging due to different accents around the world. When communicating with one another, flight crews and controllers usually say specific things at certain times. Just like actors following a script, everyone involved can anticipate what will be said and when. 4 Do pilots and controllers speak only English on the radio? Not exactly. 5 Although English is common, we often hear other languages on the radio. Air traffic controllers in the Canadian province of Quebec are famous for speaking both French and English. A friendly, properly accented “Bonjour, Montréal Centre!” when checking in will let them know you prefer French. In the interest of flight safety, I always say “Hello” or “Good Morning”. A．Why English is recommended? B．Here’s a sample of how picky the guidelines are. C．Flight crews can pick out the important information. D．ICAO aviation English is a recommendation but not a law. E．Things run smoothly as long as everyone stays on the script. F．Everyone tries to follow the ICAO script to minimize problems. G．ICA even requires how the words, letters and numbers should be pronounced. 【答案】1．A 2．G 3．B 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了国际民航组织将英语作为航空通信的标准语言，并说明了相关原因以及执行情况。 1．根据上文“In 1951, when international air travel really started to take off, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) recommended that English be the standard language for aviation communications.(1951年，当国际航空旅行真正开始起飞时，国际民航组织建议将英语作为航空通信的标准语言。)”和下文“At the time, the US and UK produced and operated the majority of the world’s aircraft.(当时，美国和英国制造并运营着世界上大部分的飞机。)”可知，本空需要承接上文，说明国际民航组织为什么将英语作为航空通信的标准语言，选项A“为什么推荐英语”符合语境。故选A。 2．根据上文“ICAO publishes a special vocabulary of aviation English words and phrases that all international pilots and air traffic controllers must learn.(国际民航组织出版了一份航空英语词汇和短语的特殊词汇表，所有国际飞行员和空中交通管制员都必须学习。)”和下文“We sometimes call the words and phrases “The Script”.(我们有时把这些单词和短语称为“脚本”。)”可知，本空需要承接上文，进一步说明国际民航组织对航空英语词汇和短语的特殊要求，选项G“国际民航组织甚至要求单词、字母和数字应该如何发音”符合语境。故选G。 3．根据下文“Have you ever heard pilots in movies and TV say things like, “Trans-Global four-one-seven, turn left two-niner-zero and fly direct to Charlie — Zulu — India?” This is why.(你是否在电影和电视中听到过飞行员这样说：“环球417，左转290，直接飞往查理——祖鲁——印度？”这就是原因。)”可知，本空需要引出后文，说明这些特殊表达的原因，选项B“下面是一个指南多么挑剔的例子”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据上文“Just like actors following a script, everyone involved can anticipate what will be said and when.(就像演员按照剧本表演一样，每个参与者都能预知接下来要说什么以及什么时候说。)”可知，上文说明了按照既定的规则进行沟通的好处。本空需要承接上文，进一步说明按照既定的规则进行沟通的效果，选项E“只要每个人都按照剧本行事，事情就会顺利进行”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文“Do pilots and controllers speak only English on the radio? Not exactly.(飞行员和管制员在无线电里只说英语吗？不完全是。)”和下文“Although English is common, we often hear other languages on the radio.(虽然英语很常见，但我们经常在无线电里听到其他语言。)”可知，本空需要承接上文，说明飞行员和管制员在无线电里并不只说英语，并引出后文，说明英语在航空通信中的地位，选项D“国际民航组织的航空英语是一个建议，而不是法律”符合语境。故选D。 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Nikki Corbett was desperate The mother and small business owner had searched online and in stores near her home in Alaska’s Kenai Peninsula, but she could not find any books to teach her young children the Yup’ik language. Growing up, Corbett was more fluent in the language because she lived largely in the Yup’ik Community of Bethel, Alaska. “And so obviously being immersed in that, you understand more and can speak more”, Corbett said. But being away from it — the community that I live in, Yup’ik is not a language that’s normally spoken. More than 20% of the state’s population is native. Of the estimated 21,000 Alaskans who identify themselves as Yup’ik, nearly half speak the language. In fact, Yup’ik is the most commonly spoken native language in Alaska. Corbett might have been immersed in Yup’ik culture when she was growing up in Bethel. But that was not the case for every Alaska native. The control of native Americans and ignorance toward native language and culture had a lot to do with it. “The younger generations, like my generation, in some of those areas, don’t know the language because their parents didn’t teach them to speak Yup’ik,” Corbett said. “And so I think it’s because they wanted their children to follow suit, speaking the official language, especially at school.” There are immersion schools in Alaska that have Yup’ik learning materials, but Corbett said it was nearly impossible to find those books outside the classroom. So Corbett and her friend, Katie O’Connor, an illustrator and mother, decided to create their own Yup’ik alphabet coloring book. Katie O’Connor is an Inupiag artist based in Nome, Alaska. Growing up, O’Connor didn’t learn much about her own Inupiag culture until after high school. “There’s not a lot available out there. Most of the books related to any Alaska native culture are written by non-native people,” O’Connor said. “Most of them are written by people who aren’t from Alaska, and some are written by people who’ve never been to our region.” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Corbett and O’Connor decided to team up with each other. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hardly had the 27-page coloring book appeared when it earned great popularity. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Corbett and O’Connor decided to team up with each other. Corbett, with her deep knowledge of the Yup’ik language and culture, would handle the text, ensuring accuracy and authenticity. O’Connor, on the other hand, would bring the illustrations to life with her artistic skills. They spent countless hours researching, designing, and refining their work, aiming to create a book that would not only teach children the Yup’ik alphabet but also spark an interest in their cultural heritage. The two mothers were determined to make a difference and preserve the Yup’ik language for future generations. Hardly had the 27-page coloring book appeared when it earned great popularity. The response was overwhelming, with parents, educators, and community members praising the book for its cultural significance and educational value. Sales soared, and the book quickly became a must-have for families and schools interested in Yup’ik language and culture. Corbett and O’Connor’s collaboration not only fulfilled their initial goal but also inspired others to take action in preserving and promoting their native languages and cultures. Their story became a beacon of hope, showing that with determination and creativity, even the smallest efforts can make a big difference. 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Nikki Corbett在阿拉斯加基奈半岛的家中附近无法找到教孩子尤皮克语书籍的情况下，与插画家朋友Katie O’Connor，凭借各自专长，合作创作27页彩色绘本，成功推广尤皮克语言文化并激励他人的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“Corbett和O’Connor决定携手合作。”可知，第一段可描写两人合作的具体行动，如分工、创作过程以及他们希望这本书能带来的影响。 ②由第二段首句内容“这本27页的涂色书一经问世，就广受欢迎。”可知，第二段可描写这本书受欢迎的具体表现，如人们的反馈、销售情况，以及它对尤皮克语传承和教育的积极影响。 2.续写线索：决定合作——分工与创作——书籍出版——广受欢迎——积极影响——文化传承 3.词汇激活 行为类： ①处理：handle/deal with ②研究：research/investigate ③改进：refine/improve ④激发兴趣：spark an interest in/stimulate interest in ⑤保存：preserve/conserve 情感类： ①决心：be determined to/make up one’s mind ②赞扬：praise/commend ③激励：inspire/motivate ④希望：hope/optimism 【点睛】[高分句型1]. The response was overwhelming, with parents, educators, and community members praising the book for its cultural significance and educational value.（运用了with的复合结构作状语） [高分句型2]. Their story became a beacon of hope, showing that with determination and creativity, even the smallest efforts can make a big difference.（运用了现在分词短语作状语） 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$