暑假作业04 语言知识巩固练（选择性必修三Unit3～4）-【暑假分层作业】2025年高二年级英语暑假培优练（译林版2020）

限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业04语言知识巩固练 （选择性必修三 Unit3-4） 一、拓展词汇 1.　strengthen　 vt.& vi.加强，增强→strength n.体力，力气；优势，优点；长处→strong adj.强壮的；强大的；强烈的；坚决的→strongly adv.强烈地；坚固地；强有力地 2.　harmonious　 adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐 3.　dismiss　 vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散→dismissal n.解雇，开除，撤职；不予考虑，不予理会；摒弃；驳回（诉讼）；不予受理 4.　acknowledge　 vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢→acknowledgement n.承认；确认；感谢；收件复函 5.　influential　 adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n.影响，作用 vt.影响，对……起作用 6.　financial　 adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n.财政；财政学；金融 7.　depart　 vi.& vt.离开，起程→departure n.离开，起程；背离，违反 8.　shortage　 n.不足，短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；短缺的，紧俏的→shorten vt.& vi.缩短，变短→shortly adv.不多时，不久 9.　consultation　 n.咨询，商讨；就诊→consult vt.咨询，请教；商讨；查阅→consultant n.顾问 10.　suspend　 vt.暂停；悬，挂→suspension n.暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）；暂缓；推迟 11.　division　 n.分歧；分开，分隔→divide vt.& vi.（使）分开，分散，分割→divided adj.分裂的；分开的；有分歧的 12.　architect　 n.建筑师；设计师→architecture n.建筑学，建筑风格，建筑设计 13.　operator　 n.操作人员，技工；接线员→operate vt.& vi.运转，工作；操作，控制；（对……）动手术→operation n.手术；运转，运行；操作 14.　cooperation　 n.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperate vi.合作，协作 15.　interrupt　 vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴→interruption n.中断，中止；阻碍；障碍物 16.　conservation　 n.保护；保持→conserve vt.保护；保存；保藏→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 二、重点短语 1.　on behalf of　代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了 2.　regardless of　 不管，不顾 3.　allow for　 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 4.　sort out　 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5.　contrary to　 与……相反 6.　a total of　 总共 7.　at the thought of　 一想到…… 8.　take shape　 成形，有了模样 9.　in use　 在使用中 10.　at one’s peak　 在……的鼎盛时期 三、重点句型 1. before引导的时间状语从句 It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas. 2.the only＋名词＋to do ... Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 3.过去分词短语作状语 Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia，seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单词拼写 1．My heart (下沉) when I heard that she got seriously sick. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】sank 【详解】考查动词。句意：当我听说她得了重病时，我的心一沉。根据汉语提示“下沉”及语境，此处需填动词“sink” 的适当形式。由“heard”可知句子为一般过去时，故用过去式 “sank”。故填sank。 2．She is one of the most (有影响力的) figures in local politics. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】influential 【详解】考查形容词。句意：她是当地政治中最有影响力的人物之一。根据汉语提示“有影响力的”可知，本空用形容词influential，修饰名词figures，作前置定语。故填influential。 3．The new airport will f (促进) the development of tourism. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】facilitate/acilitate 【详解】考查动词。句意：新机场将促进旅游业的发展。根据中文提示及首字母“f”可知，此处应填动词“facilitate（促进；推动）”。分析句子结构可知，will后应接动词原形构成一般将来时。故填facilitate。 4．In a news release, the company said it had experienced severe (财务的) problems. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】financial 【详解】考查形容词。句意：在一份新闻稿中，该公司表示其经历了严重的财务问题。根据汉语提示“财务的”，以及后文名词 problems 可知，此处应填形容词作定语，“财务的”对应的形容词为financial。故填financial。 5．The train was (隆隆前行) through the small station.  (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】thundering 【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：火车正隆隆前行着穿过那个小站。“隆隆前行”作谓语，用动词thunder，描述过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，用现在分词thundering与助动词was构成过去进行时态was thundering。故填thundering。 6．The police officer was s (停职) from work due to the complaint. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】suspended/uspended 【详解】考查动词。 句意：由于这起投诉，这名警官被停职了。 根据首字母以及汉语提示“停职”可知，此处需填动词suspend。主语The police officer与“停职”之间为被动关系，句子使用被动语态，空前已有was，故此处需用过去分词形式。 故填suspended。 7．Nowadays, a young man’s idea always c (与……冲突) with the conservative thinking of the parents. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】conflicts/onflicts 【详解】考查动词。句意：如今，年轻人的想法总是与父母的保守思想相冲突。conflict with与……冲突。根据句中的Nowadays可知，句子时态为一般现在时，主语a young man’s idea是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填conflicts。 8．The aim of this test was to a (评估) aptitude rather than academic achievement. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】assess/ssess  【详解】考查动词。句意：这个测试的目的是评估能力而不是学术成就。根据中英文提示可知用动词assess，此处为不定式作表语，说明主语的内容。故填assess。 9．Tom t (撕碎) the letter into pieces the moment he finished reading.  (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 【答案】tore/ore 【详解】考查动词。句意：汤姆一读完信就把它撕成了碎片。“撕碎”作谓语，用动词tear，由“the moment he finished reading”可知，该动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时态，tear的过去式是tore。故填tore。 10．As the fog lifted, the outline of the mountains (浮现) gradually from the mist. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 【答案】emerged 【详解】考查动词。句意：随着雾气散去，群山的轮廓逐渐从薄雾中浮现。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处应用动词emerge在句中作谓语动词，主语为the outline of the mountains，根据前文lifted可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填emerged。 二、选词填空 take sb’s breath away;     contrary to;     out of shape;     help sb to one’s feet;     be worthy of 11．The view from the mountain top was so magnificent that it completely . 12． the doctor’s advice, he continued smoking and soon found himself struggling to climb stairs. 13．After months of inactivity, Jim realized he had gotten and decided to join a gym. 14．His rescuing a girl from fire everyone’s admiration. 15．When the elderly woman slipped on the ice, two passersby immediately . 【答案】11．took his breath away 12．Contrary to 13．out of shape 14．was worthy of 15．helped her to her feet 【解析】11．考查动词短语和时态。句意：山顶的景色是如此壮丽，以至于它完全让他惊叹不已。根据句意“使他惊叹不已”可知，此处为动词短语take his breath away，结合“was”可知，为一般过去时，故填took his breath away。 12．考查介词短语。句意：与医生的建议相反，他继续抽烟，很快就发现自己爬楼梯都很费劲。根据句意“与……相反”可知，此处为动词短语contrary to，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Contrary to。 13．考查介词短语。句意：经过几个月的不活动，吉姆意识到自己身体状况不佳，于是决定去健身房。根据句意“身体状况不佳”可知，此处为介词短语out of shape。故填out of shape。 14．考查动词短语和时态。句意：他从火中救出一个女孩，这值得所有人的钦佩。根据句意“值得……”可知，此处为动词短语be worthy of，陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，主语为动名词的复合结构，be动词用was。故填was worthy of。 15．考查动词短语和时态。句意：当那位老妇人在冰上滑倒时，两个路人立刻扶她站了起来。根据句意“帮助某人站起来”可知，此处为动词短语help sb to one’s feet，结合“slipped”可知，使用一般过去时，由“the elderly woman”可知，对应的形容词性物主代词是her。故填helped her to her feet。 三、单项选择 16．Recently, North Korea ________ for the first time that it had sent troops to support Russia’s war efforts against Ukraine. A．approved B．confirmed C．reformed D．advocated 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最近，朝鲜首次确认，它已派遣军队支持俄罗斯对乌克兰的战争行动。A. approved批准；B. confirmed证实，确认；C. reformed改革；D. advocated提倡。结合“it had sent troops to support Russia’s war efforts against Ukraine”可知，空格处应表达“证实，确认”，故用confirmed。故选B。 17．Schools across the country are starting to ______ AI-powered tutoring systems to provide personalized learning plans for students. A．resist B．monitor C．adopt D．adapt 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：全国各地的学校开始采用人工智能驱动的辅导系统，为学生提供个性化学习计划。A. resist抵制；B. monitor监控；C. adopt采用；D. adapt适应。根据“AI-powered tutoring systems to provide personalized learning plans for students.”可知，采用人工智能驱动的辅导系统。故选C项。 18．After leaving the soda bottle open overnight, she took a sip and made a face — the drink had gone ______ and tasted dull. A．secure B．distinctive C．exceptional D．flat 【答案】D 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：把汽水瓶敞开过夜后，她喝了一口，做了个鬼脸——饮料没气了，喝起来没味道。A. secure安全的；B. distinctive独特的；C. exceptional杰出的、例外的；D. flat(饮料)走了气的，不新鲜的。根据“tasted dull”可推知，饮料经过敞开过夜后，里面的气跑掉了，所以喝起来没味道。因此，用形容词flat来描述饮料的这种状态是最合适的。故选D项。 19．The city council decided to build a(n) ______ statue in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives during the war. A．precious B．memorial C．intricate D．ambitious 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：市议会决定建造一座纪念碑，以纪念在战争中牺牲的士兵。A. precious珍贵的；B. memorial纪念的，纪念碑的；C. intricate错综复杂的；D. ambitious有雄心的，野心勃勃的。根据空后的“in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives during the war”可知，建造雕像的目的是“纪念”牺牲的士兵，memorial（纪念的）直接对应语境。故选B项。 20．We attempted to convince him of the issue, but he still ________ judgment on some points. A．invested B．preserved C．reserved D．digested 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们试图让他相信这个问题的严重性，但他在某些方面仍对判断有所保留。A. invested投资，投入（时间/精力等）；B. preserved保护，保存，维持；C. reserved保留，预留（常用于保留意见、判断等）；D. digested消化，理解。根据but可知前后为转折关系，“我们试图说服他”但他仍“保留判断”，reserved judgment为固定搭配，表示“保留意见/保留判断”，符合语境。故选C。 21．Jean formed a ________ with English when she was young, willing to wander in the sea of English books in her spare time. A．legend B．celebration C．fascination D．shape 【答案】C 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：琼年轻时就对英语产生了一种迷恋，愿意在业余时间徜徉在英语书籍的海洋中。A. legend传说，传奇人物；B. celebration庆祝，庆典；C. fascination着迷，迷恋；D. shape形状，形态。根据下文的“willing to wander in the sea of English books in her spare time.(愿意在业余时间徜徉在英语书籍的海洋中。)”可知，琼对英语有强烈的喜爱和兴趣，所以此处表示“形成一种迷恋”符合语境。故选C。 22．________ show that the CPI for September has risen by 0.7%, indicating that the consumer product market has remained very stable A．Statistics B．Specialists C．Components D．Initiatives 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：统计数据显示，9月份的消费者物价指数(CPI)上涨了0.7%，这表明消费品市场保持了非常稳定的状态。A. Statistics统计数据；B. Specialists专家；C. Components组成部分；D. Initiatives倡议/举措。根据语境，能够显示9月份CPI上涨情况的应该是“统计数据”，只有统计数据才能准确反映出物价指数的变化情况。名词statistics符合语境，作主语。故选A项。 23．He is interested in the _______ of environment and always does what he can to protect environment. A．regulation B．reputation C．liberation D．conservation 【答案】D 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对环境保护很感兴趣，并且总是尽其所能来保护环境。A. regulation规定；规章；条例；B. reputation名声；声誉；C. liberation解放；释放；D. conservation保护；保存。根据“and always does what he can to protect environment.”可知，他很感兴趣的是环境保护。故选D。 一、完成句子 1．许多鱼类会为了繁殖而迁徙。 → Many fish species undertake for breeding. 【答案】migration 【详解】考查名词。根据句意“迁徙”可知用名词migration，作宾语，不可数。故填migration。 2．政府建立了多个自然保护区以加强保护工作。 → The government has established several nature reserves to strengthen . 【答案】conservation 【详解】考查名词。表示“保护工作”使用名词conservation，为不可数名词，在句中作宾语，故填conservation。 3．尽管考试至关重要，林巧稚认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任。(it作形式宾语) , Lin Qiaozhi 【答案】 Although the exam was of great importance considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others 【详解】考查状语从句和 it 作形式宾语。根据句意，该句讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以整句使用一般过去时，第一空表示“尽管考试至关重要”可以为although引导的让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写；“考试”为the exam作主语，“至关重要”可用be of great importance，谓语动词为be动词，主语为第三人称单数，所以第一空为Although the exam was of great importance；第二空表示“认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任” ，“认为”用 consider，用于一般过去时，所以谓语动词为considered，“暂停考试”to suspend the exam，“道德责任”为 moral responsibility作宾补，根据提提示，该句使用 it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式短语to suspend the exam to help others，结构为“consider it +名词+to do sth.”，所以第二空为considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others。故填①Although the exam was of great importance②considered it a moral responsibility to suspend the exam to help others。 4．玛雅文明以先进的历法和建筑闻名。 → The Maya was famous for its advanced calendars and architecture. 【答案】Civilization 【详解】考查名词（专有名词短语）。 根据汉语提示“玛雅文明以先进的历法和建筑闻名”，我们需要将“文明”翻译成英文并填入句子中。在英文中，“文明”被翻译为civilization。Maya Civilization意为“玛雅文明”，在句中作主语。故填Civilization。 5．他不情愿地走到我的座位前，咬了咬嘴唇，咕哝着向我道了歉。（drag） He , bit his lip and mumbled an apology to me. 【答案】dragged himself to my seat 【详解】考查固定短语和时态。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“不情愿地走到我的座位前”，是固定短语drag oneself to my seat，主语是He，反身代词用himself，由mumbled可知，时态是一般过去时，drag用过去式dragged，因此空格处是dragged himself to my seat。故填dragged himself to my seat。 6． , over time they became more complicated and more polished. 虽然在一开始，这些歌曲和故事的格式非常简单，但随着时间的推移，它们变得更加复杂和精巧。 【答案】While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format 【详解】考查让步状语从句和固定短语。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填“虽然在一开始，这些歌曲和故事的格式非常简单”的英文表达，在句中作状语；结合句意，表示“虽然”用while引导让步状语从句，表示“在一开始”用固定短语in the beginning，表示“这些歌曲和故事”用such songs and stories，表示“有”用have，根据主句时态可知，从句也应用一般过去时，故用had，表示“格式非常简单”用a very simple format，句首单词首字母需大写。故填While in the beginning such songs and stories had a very simple format。 7．与普遍的看法相反，这些动物其实并不会危害人类。 popular belief, these animals are not really dangerous to humans. 【答案】 Contrary to 【详解】考查固定搭配。此处需要使用介词短语，后接popular belief。“与……相反”对应的英文固定短语为Contrary to，专门用于反驳普遍观点。故填①Contrary ②to。 8．我们坚决要求他到艺术委员会任职。 We that he with the Arts Council. 【答案】 insist take up a position 【详解】考查动词以及动词短语。根据句意，表示“坚决要求”可用insist，此处为谓语动词，结合句意，此处描述的是客观事实情况，所以使用一般现在时，主语为we，所以谓语动词为动词原形，表示“任职”可用take up a position，且根据前文insist that后接虚拟语气，谓语动词形式为“(should)＋动词原形”，should可以省略，结合给出的空格数量可知，此处可用动词原形。故填①insist②take③up④a⑤position。 二、单句语法填空 9．I think digging wells for drinking water is a good way to solve the problem of water (short). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】shortage 【详解】考查名词。句意：我认为挖井取水是解决水资源短缺问题的好方法。本空作介词of的宾语，需用名词shortage“短缺”，不可数。故填shortage。 10．A train (load) with goods, including daily necessities, machinery and equipment, left Taiyuan on Thursday morning for Mersin in southern Turkey. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：周四上午，一列满载着日用品、机械设备等货物的火车从太原出发，前往土耳其南部的梅尔辛。该句中left是谓语动词；所给动词load意为“装载上”，指往车上装货，在句中作后置定语修饰名词train，主语与load为被动关系，应使用过去分词形式。故填loaded。 11．The revised government regulations are meant (facilitate) faster approval processes for small businesses. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to facilitate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：修订后的政府规定是为了加快小企业的审批程序。此处是固定搭配：be meant to do sth.意为“旨在做某事”。故填to facilitate。 12．She (blood) heavily after giving birth, and the medical team had to take immediate measures to ensure her safety. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】bled 【详解】考查时态。句意：她在分娩后大出血，医疗队不得不立即采取措施确保她的安全。空格处用动词作谓语，blood的动词是bleed，意为“流血”，由had可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式bled，故填bled。 13．Climate change has increased (migrate) in some regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】migration 【详解】考查名词。句意：气候变化增加了一些地区的移民。本空作has increased的宾语，应用名词形式migration“移民”。故填migration。 14．Governments work to preserve historical (heritage). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】heritage 【详解】考查名词。句意：各国政府致力于保护历史遗产。空处需用名词作宾语，heritage意为“遗产”，不可数名词，符合题意。故填heritage。 15．There is some doubt the weather will be good enough for the outdoor event. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whether 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：对于天气是否足够好以举行户外活动，还存在一些疑问。空处引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，应用连接词whether引导。故填whether。 16．According to the report (submit) by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】submitted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据研究人员提交的报告，每年所有二氧化碳排放量的20%至25%是由热带雨林的破坏所导致的。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，the report和submit为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填submitted。 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Inspired by rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, cities across China are taking advantage of the growing interest in creative cultural products, giving 17 significant boost to local consumption. A gift shop at the Liaoning Provincial Museum has drawn 18 (inspire) from several spring-themed historical artifacts to create over 10 products 19 combine natural beauty with artistic innovation. Among the offerings is a tiny refrigerator magnet based on the renowned Tang Dynasty painting “Lady Guoguo’s Spring Outing”. The characters and horses in the painting have been redesigned 20 round, adorable cartoon figures, making the item very appealing. Since launching its spring-themed products, the shop 21 (see) a nearly 60 percent increase in sales compared to the same period last year, with online orders 22 (boom). These products not only capture the essence of our artifacts but also include 23 (season) elements and modern aesthetic preferences. Consumers highly appreciate this combination of culture and creativity. In Nanjing, local businesses have also embraced the trend, 24 (dramatic) transforming its time-honored landmarks and picturesque landscapes into charming souvenirs. New creative products featuring the cherry blossoms of Jiming Temple 25 the scenic views of Confucius Temple have become a hit among tourists. Cultural creativity has also breathed newlife into many scenic spots. A cafe located within a scenic area in Zhejiang Province has branched out into selling toys 26 (shape) like local specialties. Visitors can now enjoy a cup of coffee there and then take home a taste of local culture. 【答案】 17．a 18．inspiration 19．that/which 20．as 21．has seen 22．booming 23．seasonal 24．dramatically 25．and 26．shaped 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国各地城市如何利用丰富的文化遗产和自然美景，开发创意文化产品，促进当地消费。 17．考查冠词。句意：受丰富的文化遗产和自然美景启发，中国各地的城市正利用人们对创意文化产品日益增长的兴趣，为当地消费带来一次显著的推动作用。此处表示泛指 “一次显著的推动”，significant以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 18．考查名词。句意：辽宁省博物馆的一家礼品店从几件以春天为主题的历史文物中汲取灵感，创作了10多件将自然美景与艺术创新相结合的产品。此处作has drawn的宾语，应用名词inspiration“灵感”。故填inspiration。 19．考查定语从句。句意：辽宁省博物馆的一家礼品店从几件以春天为主题的历史文物中汲取灵感，创作了10多件将自然美景与艺术创新相结合的产品。本空引导定语从句，先行词是products，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 20．考查介词。句意：画中的人物和马匹被重新设计成圆润可爱的卡通形象，使该物品极具吸引力。表示“被重新设计为……”用be redesigned as...，介词as表示“作为”。故填as。 21．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自推出春季主题产品以来，该店的销售额与去年同期相比增长了近60%，在线订单也在激增。see“看到”。根据Since launching可知，时态应用现在完成时，主语the shop为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填has seen。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处是with复合结构，动词boom“激增”和逻辑主语online orders之间是主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填booming。 23．考查形容词。句意：这些产品不仅捕捉到了我们文物的精髓，还包括了季节性元素和现代审美偏好。此处修饰名词elements，应用形容词seasonal“季节性的”，作定语。故填seasonal。 24．考查副词。句意：在南京，当地企业也顺应了这一趋势，将其历史悠久的地标和风景如画的景观大幅转变为迷人的纪念品。此处修饰动词transforming，应用副词dramatically“大幅地”，作状语。故填dramatically。 25．考查连词。句意：以鸡鸣寺樱花和夫子庙美景为特色的新创意产品在游客中大受欢迎。此处the cherry blossoms of Jiming Temple和the scenic views of Confucius Temple为并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：浙江省一个景区内的一家咖啡馆开始销售当地特产形状的玩具。本句谓语为has branched out，此处为非谓语动词，且动词shape“使成为……形状”和逻辑主语toys之间是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填shaped。 一、七选五阅读 China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. 1 During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (易货贸易). 2 In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually, the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country. In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same. 3 The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. 4 By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire. About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China. 5 It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe. A．As time went by, trade between countries increased. B．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs. C．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling. D．However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical. E．The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together. F．And in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people. G．Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used different kinds of things for buying and selling. 【答案】1．G 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了中国是世界上许多伟大发明的发源地，并详细介绍了中国货币的发展历程。 1．根据上文的“It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money.(例如，它是第一个生产纸币的国家。)”和下文“During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.(例如，在那段时间里，买一只鸡可能需要几个土豆。这种用商品和服务交换其他商品和服务的方式叫做易货贸易。)”可知，空处应该描述在纸币和硬币发明之前，人们是如何进行交易的。G选项“Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used different kinds of things for buying and selling.(在纸币和硬币发明之前，人们用不同种类的东西进行买卖。)”符合语境。故选G。 2．根据第一段的“This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering.(这种用商品和服务交换其他商品和服务的方式叫做易货贸易。)”和下文“In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money.(公元前1200年，中国人开始使用贝壳作为货币。)”可知，空处和上文形成转折关系，应该描述易货贸易存在的问题，从而引出货币的发明。D选项“However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical.(然而，随着经济的发展，这种交换变得不切实际。)”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据上文的“In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same.(在这一发明之后的几年里，世界上许多其他国家也开始这样做。)”可知，空处应该描述其他国家是如何模仿中国使用贝壳作为货币的。C选项“They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling.(他们也用小贝壳作为买卖的货币。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”，指代上文的“many other countries”。故选C。 4．根据上文的“It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal.(不久之后，中国人就用金属制造出了圆形硬币。)”可知，空处应该描述这种圆形硬币的特点或用途。E选项“The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together.(第一批硬币上通常有洞，这样人们就可以把它们串在一起。)”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上文的“About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China.(大约1000年后，皮革在中国被用作货币。)”和下文的“It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe.(纸币在欧洲出现还需要很多年。)”可知，空处应该描述中国在皮革作为货币之后，又发明了哪种货币。F选项“And in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people.(公元806年，中国人制造了第一批纸币。)”符合语境。故选F。 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 I sit at that same desk, and stare at the blank sheet in the typewriter. I wait patiently for ideas to come to me, exam questions for a test I will give my students tomorrow. My wife is off to a reunion somewhere, but I am not alone. Our two children keep me company. Ten-month-old Edward cooperates to some degree. But our 22-month-old daughter Meghan’s plan has conflicted with mine. She follows a daily routine that is both time-consuming and challenging. Her constant companion is Dumpty, a shapeless doll. Within 15 minutes she appears before me with her shoes and socks in her hands. “Don’t even ask, Meghan. Not today.” I know the pattern. First the shoes and socks. Then the stroller (童车). And pretty soon we’re in the park. She’ll want me to pick her a dandelion (蒲公英). Hearing my words, she reaches up to the typewriter keys and depresses four of them at the same time. “No, thank you, Meghan. Daddy’s seen your work. He’ll do it himself.” Then she rests her head on my leg, just as she did when she first learned to walk. Finally she leaves, upset. I watch her sit on the floor and try for several minutes to put on one of her socks. Seeing me looking, she pats the chair, the comfortable one we sit in together to watch TV or to read, and quickly gathers her books: The Poky Little Puppy, The Magic School Bus, The Cat in the Hat, and even that ancient copy of National Geographic with the penguin on the cover…She’s got them all. With her free hand, she pulls my arm. “No, Meghan,” I say angrily. “Not now. Go away and leave me alone. And take your library with you. “That does it; she leaves. She makes no further attempt to bother me. I can finish the test easily now without interruption-no one trying to climb onto my lap; no extra fingers helping me type. Paragraph 1: I see her standing quietly, tears running down her cheeks. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: I decide to do something. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Paragraph 1: I see her standing quietly, tears running down her cheeks. She has two fingers of her right hand in her mouth. She holds Dumpty in her left hand. She watches me type and slowly brushes the tip of Dumpty’s arms across her nose for comfort. At this moment, I realize that the little girl cries because I have no time for her. I hate Dumpty for an instant. He’s comforting my girl, and that is my job. So the paper slips gently into the top drawer. Paragraph 2: I decide to do something. I come to Meghan and say, “Honey, I feel like taking a walk down to the park. I was wondering if you and Edward would like to join me. I thought you might like to play on the swings for a while.” Her eyes brighten. And I add, “Bring Dumpty—and your red sweater too. It might be windy down there.” After some simple packing, we walk out of the house together. At the park, the fingers leave the mouth. She laughs excitedly and begins the frantic search for the dandelions she loves. 【导语】本文讲述了一天，作者在家里给学生们出考试的试题，妻子不在家，他负责照顾两个孩子，22个月大的女儿梅根一直在打扰他，让他帮助自己穿衣服，然后带自己去公园玩。但他忙着手头的工作，没有时间，并生气地告诉女儿不要打扰他，女儿很委屈，但照做了。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我看见她静静地站着，眼泪顺着脸颊流下来。”可知，第一段可描写看到女儿哭后，作者的内心活动。 ②由第二段首句内容“我决定做点什么。”可知，第二段可描写作者是如何安慰并陪伴女儿的。 2.续写线索：女儿的悲伤——作者感到后悔——决定陪伴女儿——邀请女儿去公园——父女一起去公园——女儿感到快乐 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①.意识到：realize/be aware of ②.哭：cry/weep ③.想要做某事：feel like doing sth./want to do sth. 情绪类 ①.憎恨：hate/detest ②.兴奋地：excitedly/with excitement 【点睛】[高分句型1]. At this moment, I realize that the little girl cries because I have no time for her. （运用了由that引导的宾语从句和because引导的原因状语从句） [高分句型2]. I was wondering if you and Edward would like to join me.（运用了由if引导的宾语从句） 3 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 限时练习：45 min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 作业04语言知识巩固练 （选择性必修三 Unit3-4） 一、拓展词汇 1.　strengthen　 vt.& vi.加强，增强→strength n.体力，力气；优势，优点；长处→strong adj.强壮的；强大的；强烈的；坚决的→strongly adv.强烈地；坚固地；强有力地 2.　harmonious　 adj.友好和睦的；协调的，和谐的→harmony n.融洽，和睦；和谐 3.　dismiss　 vt.不予考虑，对……不屑一提；去除，摒除；解雇；解散→dismissal n.解雇，开除，撤职；不予考虑，不予理会；摒弃；驳回（诉讼）；不予受理 4.　acknowledge　 vt.承认（权威、地位）；承认（属实）；（公开）感谢→acknowledgement n.承认；确认；感谢；收件复函 5.　influential　 adj.有很大影响力的，有支配力的→influence n.影响，作用 vt.影响，对……起作用 6.　financial　 adj.财政的，金融的，财务的→finance n.财政；财政学；金融 7.　depart　 vi.& vt.离开，起程→departure n.离开，起程；背离，违反 8.　shortage　 n.不足，短缺→short adj.短的；矮的；短缺的，紧俏的→shorten vt.& vi.缩短，变短→shortly adv.不多时，不久 9.　consultation　 n.咨询，商讨；就诊→consult vt.咨询，请教；商讨；查阅→consultant n.顾问 10.　suspend　 vt.暂停；悬，挂→suspension n.暂令停职（或停学、停赛等）；暂缓；推迟 11.　division　 n.分歧；分开，分隔→divide vt.& vi.（使）分开，分散，分割→divided adj.分裂的；分开的；有分歧的 12.　architect　 n.建筑师；设计师→architecture n.建筑学，建筑风格，建筑设计 13.　operator　 n.操作人员，技工；接线员→operate vt.& vi.运转，工作；操作，控制；（对……）动手术→operation n.手术；运转，运行；操作 14.　cooperation　 n.合作，协作；协助，配合→cooperate vi.合作，协作 15.　interrupt　 vt.打扰，插嘴；使暂停，使中断 vi.打扰，插嘴→interruption n.中断，中止；阻碍；障碍物 16.　conservation　 n.保护；保持→conserve vt.保护；保存；保藏→conservative adj.保守的；守旧的 二、重点短语 1.　on behalf of　代表（或代替）；为帮助；为了 2.　regardless of　 不管，不顾 3.　allow for　 使成为可能；考虑到，把……计算在内 4.　sort out　 理顺，整理；把……安排好 5.　contrary to　 与……相反 6.　a total of　 总共 7.　at the thought of　 一想到…… 8.　take shape　 成形，有了模样 9.　in use　 在使用中 10.　at one’s peak　 在……的鼎盛时期 三、重点句型 1. before引导的时间状语从句 It would take 500 years before a larger fleet sailed the seas. 2.the only＋名词＋to do ... Out of 37 sets of brothers，Russell and his brother were the only full pair to survive the attack. 3.过去分词短语作状语 Assigned by the emperor，the ambassador Zhang Qian journeyed from Chang’an to Central Asia，seeking to build bridges between the Han Dynasty and the Western Regions. 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单词拼写 1．My heart (下沉) when I heard that she got seriously sick. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 2．She is one of the most (有影响力的) figures in local politics. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 3．The new airport will f (促进) the development of tourism. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 4．In a news release, the company said it had experienced severe (财务的) problems. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 5．The train was (隆隆前行) through the small station.  (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 6．The police officer was s (停职) from work due to the complaint. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 7．Nowadays, a young man’s idea always c (与……冲突) with the conservative thinking of the parents. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 8．The aim of this test was to a (评估) aptitude rather than academic achievement. (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 9．Tom t (撕碎) the letter into pieces the moment he finished reading.  (根据中英文提示单词拼写) 10．As the fog lifted, the outline of the mountains (浮现) gradually from the mist. (根据汉语提示单词拼写) 二、选词填空 take sb’s breath away;     contrary to;     out of shape;     help sb to one’s feet;     be worthy of 11．The view from the mountain top was so magnificent that it completely . 12． the doctor’s advice, he continued smoking and soon found himself struggling to climb stairs. 13．After months of inactivity, Jim realized he had gotten and decided to join a gym. 14．His rescuing a girl from fire everyone’s admiration. 15．When the elderly woman slipped on the ice, two passersby immediately . 三、单项选择 16．Recently, North Korea ________ for the first time that it had sent troops to support Russia’s war efforts against Ukraine. A．approved B．confirmed C．reformed D．advocated 17．Schools across the country are starting to ______ AI-powered tutoring systems to provide personalized learning plans for students. A．resist B．monitor C．adopt D．adapt 18．After leaving the soda bottle open overnight, she took a sip and made a face — the drink had gone ______ and tasted dull. A．secure B．distinctive C．exceptional D．flat 19．The city council decided to build a(n) ______ statue in honor of the soldiers who sacrificed their lives during the war. A．precious B．memorial C．intricate D．ambitious 20．We attempted to convince him of the issue, but he still ________ judgment on some points. A．invested B．preserved C．reserved D．digested 21．Jean formed a ________ with English when she was young, willing to wander in the sea of English books in her spare time. A．legend B．celebration C．fascination D．shape 22．________ show that the CPI for September has risen by 0.7%, indicating that the consumer product market has remained very stable A．Statistics B．Specialists C．Components D．Initiatives 23．He is interested in the _______ of environment and always does what he can to protect environment. A．regulation B．reputation C．liberation D．conservation 一、完成句子 1．许多鱼类会为了繁殖而迁徙。 → Many fish species undertake for breeding. 2．政府建立了多个自然保护区以加强保护工作。 → The government has established several nature reserves to strengthen . 3．尽管考试至关重要，林巧稚认为暂停考试去救助他人是一种道德责任。(it作形式宾语) , Lin Qiaozhi 4．玛雅文明以先进的历法和建筑闻名。 → The Maya was famous for its advanced calendars and architecture. 5．他不情愿地走到我的座位前，咬了咬嘴唇，咕哝着向我道了歉。（drag） He , bit his lip and mumbled an apology to me. 6． , over time they became more complicated and more polished. 虽然在一开始，这些歌曲和故事的格式非常简单，但随着时间的推移，它们变得更加复杂和精巧。 7．与普遍的看法相反，这些动物其实并不会危害人类。 popular belief, these animals are not really dangerous to humans. 8．我们坚决要求他到艺术委员会任职。 We that he with the Arts Council. 二、单句语法填空 9．I think digging wells for drinking water is a good way to solve the problem of water (short). （所给词的适当形式填空） 10．A train (load) with goods, including daily necessities, machinery and equipment, left Taiyuan on Thursday morning for Mersin in southern Turkey. （所给词的适当形式填空） 11．The revised government regulations are meant (facilitate) faster approval processes for small businesses. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．She (blood) heavily after giving birth, and the medical team had to take immediate measures to ensure her safety. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Climate change has increased (migrate) in some regions. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Governments work to preserve historical (heritage). (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．There is some doubt the weather will be good enough for the outdoor event. (用适当的词填空) 16．According to the report (submit) by researchers, between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、短文语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Inspired by rich cultural heritage and natural beauty, cities across China are taking advantage of the growing interest in creative cultural products, giving 17 significant boost to local consumption. A gift shop at the Liaoning Provincial Museum has drawn 18 (inspire) from several spring-themed historical artifacts to create over 10 products 19 combine natural beauty with artistic innovation. Among the offerings is a tiny refrigerator magnet based on the renowned Tang Dynasty painting “Lady Guoguo’s Spring Outing”. The characters and horses in the painting have been redesigned 20 round, adorable cartoon figures, making the item very appealing. Since launching its spring-themed products, the shop 21 (see) a nearly 60 percent increase in sales compared to the same period last year, with online orders 22 (boom). These products not only capture the essence of our artifacts but also include 23 (season) elements and modern aesthetic preferences. Consumers highly appreciate this combination of culture and creativity. In Nanjing, local businesses have also embraced the trend, 24 (dramatic) transforming its time-honored landmarks and picturesque landscapes into charming souvenirs. New creative products featuring the cherry blossoms of Jiming Temple 25 the scenic views of Confucius Temple have become a hit among tourists. Cultural creativity has also breathed newlife into many scenic spots. A cafe located within a scenic area in Zhejiang Province has branched out into selling toys 26 (shape) like local specialties. Visitors can now enjoy a cup of coffee there and then take home a taste of local culture. 一、七选五阅读 China has been the birthplace of many of the world’s greatest inventions. It was, for example, the first country to produce paper money. 1 During that time, for example, buying a chicken might cost several potatoes. This exchange of goods and services for other goods and services is called bartering (易货贸易). 2 In 1200 BC, people in China began to use shells as money. Usually, the shells used as money were very small. This made it easier for people to carry money over long distances, and allowed for trade to develop between different parts of the country. In the years which followed this invention, many other countries around the world began to do the same. 3 The next development was in 1000 BC, when China started making bronze and copper shells. It wasn’t long before the Chinese made round coins out of metal. 4 By 500 BC, metal coins had begun to appear in countries like Persia and Greece, and later in the Roman Empire. About 1,000 years later, leather was used as money in China. 5 It was still many years before paper currency appeared in Europe. A．As time went by, trade between countries increased. B．People also began collecting foreign coins as souvenirs. C．They also used tiny shells as money for buying and selling. D．However, as economies developed, such exchanges became impractical. E．The first coins often had holes in them so that people could string them together. F．And in 806 AD, the first paper banknotes were produced by the Chinese people. G．Before the invention of paper money and coins, people used different kinds of things for buying and selling. 二、读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。 I sit at that same desk, and stare at the blank sheet in the typewriter. I wait patiently for ideas to come to me, exam questions for a test I will give my students tomorrow. My wife is off to a reunion somewhere, but I am not alone. Our two children keep me company. Ten-month-old Edward cooperates to some degree. But our 22-month-old daughter Meghan’s plan has conflicted with mine. She follows a daily routine that is both time-consuming and challenging. Her constant companion is Dumpty, a shapeless doll. Within 15 minutes she appears before me with her shoes and socks in her hands. “Don’t even ask, Meghan. Not today.” I know the pattern. First the shoes and socks. Then the stroller (童车). And pretty soon we’re in the park. She’ll want me to pick her a dandelion (蒲公英). Hearing my words, she reaches up to the typewriter keys and depresses four of them at the same time. “No, thank you, Meghan. Daddy’s seen your work. He’ll do it himself.” Then she rests her head on my leg, just as she did when she first learned to walk. Finally she leaves, upset. I watch her sit on the floor and try for several minutes to put on one of her socks. Seeing me looking, she pats the chair, the comfortable one we sit in together to watch TV or to read, and quickly gathers her books: The Poky Little Puppy, The Magic School Bus, The Cat in the Hat, and even that ancient copy of National Geographic with the penguin on the cover…She’s got them all. With her free hand, she pulls my arm. “No, Meghan,” I say angrily. “Not now. Go away and leave me alone. And take your library with you. “That does it; she leaves. She makes no further attempt to bother me. I can finish the test easily now without interruption-no one trying to climb onto my lap; no extra fingers helping me type. Paragraph 1: I see her standing quietly, tears running down her cheeks. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Paragraph 2: I decide to do something. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$