专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词、短语、亮句精讲+名校新真题精练-【暑假自学课】2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019）

2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词、短语、 亮句精讲+名校新真题精练 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 一、考点聚焦 考点（一） Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词考点梳理 考点（二） Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 考点（三） Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理 考点（四） Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲 考点（五） Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试 考点（六） Unit4 Natural Disasters巩固提升 考点（七） Unit4 Natural Disasters模拟精练 重点速记 考点（一） Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 核心单词及短语 （1） 核心单词 1、ruin n. & v. 破坏;毁坏 2、electricity n. 电;电能 3、disaster n. 灾难;灾害 4、trap v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱 5、emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况 6、aid n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助 7、bury v. 埋葬;安葬 8、effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 9、wisdom n. 智慧;才智 10、damage v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 11、destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭 12、affect v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 13、shelter n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险) 14、supply n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给 （二）高频短语 be expected to do被期望;应该 volcanic eruption火山爆发 refer to 指的是 rise and fall起落;兴衰;起伏 refuse to do拒绝做某事 as usual像往常一样 as if好像 come to an end结束;终止 cause damage to对…造成伤害 cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过 lie in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪 blow away 吹走;刮走;使大为惊讶 be in shock=be shocked处于震惊中 go through经历;仔细检查;穿过;做完;用光 fall down跌倒;倒塌 on hand在手边;现有;在场 rescue sb. from sth.把某人从…中营救出来 bury the dead埋葬死者 provide medical care提供医疗护理 提供某人某物： provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to do sb. offer to do sth.主动提出干某事 get back on one’s feet站起来;重新振作起来 in times of在…的时候 in the event of 倘若;万一;如果…发生 tireless effort不懈的努力 make an effort to do努力做某事 put up shelters搭建避难所 shelter sb. from 保护某人免受… trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事 in the open air在户外 take turns to do轮流做;依次做 crash into撞上;猛撞 sweep away扫去;清除;消灭 off the coast of在…的沿海;在…海岸附近 on the coast of在…海岸上 at least至少 the number of… …的数字 be affected by被…影响 deliver food and supplies运送食物和物资 suffer from遭受;患…病;因…而受苦 keep/stay calm保持冷静 pass on wisdom传递智慧 a flood of大量 cover …with …用…覆盖… get injured受伤 first aid kit急救箱 考点（二）Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 1. disaster n.灾难;灾害→disastrous adj.灾难性的 2. dry adj.干旱的→drought n.旱灾→droughtproof adj.抗旱的 3. rescue n.& vt.营救;救援→rescuer n.救援者→rescuee n.被救援者 4. damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失→damages(复数) n.赔偿金→damaging adj.有破坏性的 5. destroy v.摧毁;毁灭→destruction n.破坏;毁灭→destructive adj.破坏(性)的 6. death n.死亡→die v.死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的 7. affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affected adj.受到影响的→affection n.喜爱→effect n.影响→effective adj.有效的 8. percent n.百分之… adj./adv.每一百中→percentage n.百分比;比例 9. shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 →shockingly adv.令人震惊地;非常地(强调不好)→shockproof adj.防电击的 10. electricity n.电;电能→electric adj.带电的;用电的→electrical adj.电气(学)的;电相关的 11. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 12. revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏 13. effort n.努力→effortless adj.不费力的;轻松的→effortlessly adv.不费力地 14. wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisdom n.智慧;才智 15. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.受难;苦楚→sufferer n.患难者;患病者 16. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n.喷发 17. survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;生还→survivor n.幸存者;生还者 18. power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强大的→powerless adj.无力的 19. emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的 20. deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表;分娩→delivery n.投递;送交 21. summary n.总结;概要→summarize v.总结 22. long adj.长的→length n.长;长度→lengthen v.(使)变长 考点（三）Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理 （一）定语从句的概念 (1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰_______的从句叫作定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作_______。 (3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 （二）关系代词的基本用法 1. that/which that(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语) which(修饰物，做主语) （1）The doctor ______ you are looking for is in the room. （2）The building_______ stands near the river is our school. 2.Who/ whom/ whose Who （做主语/宾语） whom （做宾语 ，跟在介词后） whose(做定语) The student ________is answering the question is John. Tom is a freshman________English is fluent. Mr. Liu is the person _________you talked about on the bus. 考点（四） Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲 本单元写作: 概 要 写 作 概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。 1、写作步骤 第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意) 概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点。 阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法: （1）记叙文：圈出记叙文的六要素(who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 （2）说明文：找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议 （3）议论文： 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证) 第二步:提炼关键词 1、结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是main ideas,哪些是supporting ideas、 examples 和additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。 2、消减事例,尽量减少事实并省略细节。 第三步:合并和改写 1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。 2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。 第四步:核查成文 核查文章句子的连贯性,优先考虑使用连接词(but、 then、 later、 finally、 besides、 thus、 therefore、 yet、 however); 核查标点和语法;核查词数。 2、常用语句 1.表示文章的内容以及研究目的 1　 This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with... 2　 The article focuses on the topic of... 3　 This article/passage mainly tells (a story) about... 4　 This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores... 5　 This essay presents knowledge that... 6　 This paper provides/gives an overview of... 7　 In this passage (about...), the author... 8　 The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting... 9　 First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part,the author argues/mentions/states/points out (that)... 2.表示研究的结论 1　 The result shows that... 2　 The author finds that... 3　 It is concluded that... 4　 Finally/As a conclusion,the author concludes/adds/stresses that... 5　 Finally, the author summarizes that... 3.表示观点或建议 1　 The author suggests/considers that... 2　 As far as the author is concerned... 3　 In the author's view... 考点（五） Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试 一、识记单词 1._________ n. & v. 破坏;毁坏 2._________n. 电;电能 3._________ n. 灾难;灾害 4._________ v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱 5._________ n. 突发事件;紧急情况 6._________n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助 7._________ v. 埋葬;安葬 8._________ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 9._________ n. 智慧;才智 10._________ v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 11._________ v. 摧毁;毁灭 12._________ v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 13._________ n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险) 14._________ n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给 二、拓展单词 1._________ n. 死;死亡→_________adj. 无生命的→_________v. 死亡;消亡;灭亡 2._________ n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 v. (使)震惊→_________ adj. 令人震惊的→_________ adj. 感到震惊的 3._________ v. 呼吸→_________ n. 呼吸的空气→_________ adj. 喘不过气来的 4._________ v. 复活;(使)苏醒→_________ n. 振兴;复苏 5._________v. 遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________ n. 折磨;苦难 6._________ v.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________ n. 火山爆发;(战争等)爆发 7._________ n. 电力供应;能量;力量 v. 驱动;快速前进→_________adj.威力强大的;强有力的→_________ adj. 无力的;无影响力的 8._________ n. 影响;结果;效果→_________adj. 有效的;生效的 9._________ n. 长;长度→_________ adj. 长的→_________ v. (使)延长;(使)变长→_________ adj. 漫长的;冗长的 三、重点短语 1.______________对……造成损坏 2.______________ 消灭;彻底消除 3.______________ 震惊;吃惊 4.______________ 保持冷静 5.______________ 像往常一样 6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛 7.______________ 严重受损;破败不堪 8.______________ 露天;在户外 9.______________现有(尤指帮助) 10.______________ 处境危险 考点（七） Unit3 Sports and Fitness巩固提升 自然灾害种类：disaster________ tornado______ 干旱__________ landslide________ tsunami_________ 洪水__ _____ 地震__________ volcanic eruption ________ 台风___________ hurricane___________ 灾害描述：magnitude_________ slide __________ 波浪______ damage_________→ _______ __adj. 袭击___________ destroy→ _________adj. → _______ __n. tap________ evacuate ______ affect→ ___________adj. → ____________n. 爆发___________ 裂痕______ _ 气体___ __ 好像__ ____ 成为废墟_______ 使陷于，陷阱_________ bury_______ 撞击________ sweep away_______ 灾难中的人及其描述：survive _________→ __________n. 呼吸____________ shock→ ________adj. 震惊__________ revive_______→ ______ __n. 遭受______ wisdom__________ 平静的____________ 救援设施：helicopter___________ 庇护所_________ kit bag________ 急救___________ electricity ________ 哨子____________ 救援工作：努力___ _________ emergency aid____________ on hand____________ deliver_____ → __________n. 营救__________ 生活必需品 ________ __n. 重点词组 似乎/好像_____________ be shocked to do sth.________________ 陷入...中________________ bury oneself in________________ 深呼吸________________ make an effort to do sth.- 考点（八） Unit3 Sports and Fitness模拟精练 Unit4语法填空专项训练 1、 (课文语法填空)Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were 1.________(sign)for an earthquake. But people 2._______ lived there didn't think much of that. At 3: 42 am that day, the earth began 3._______ (shake), which destroyed almost all the city in less than one minute. Many people, 4. _______ (include) rescue workers and doctors, came 5._______ (rescue) those who were trapped under the 6._______ (ruin). Later that afternoon, another big earthquake hit the city. More people were killed or injured and more buildings fell 7. _______. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organised to dig out the trapped and to bury 8. _______ dead. By and by things improved and the city began to breathe again. With strong support from the government and the 9._______ (tire) efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan 10._______ (build) upon the earthquake ruins. 答案： 1. signs 2.who 3.to shake/shaking 4.including 5. to rescue 6.ruins 7.down 8.the 9.tireless 10.was built 二、（单元语法填空） My father works in a hospital 1.______ is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school 2.______ I study in. She likes watching TV plays 3.______ leading actors are very famous. I am a boy 4.______ likes playing basketball. I have several good friends5. ______I often play basketball with. One day, I went out to the city stadium to play basketball with several of my friends, 6.______ homes are not far from mine. However, a terrible matter occurred when we were playing happily,7. ______ made one of my legs hurt. Fortunately, the stadium where we were playing is not far from a clinic, so I was treated by a doctor 8. ______ is skilled. Later, I was sent home by my friends, 9. ______ help makes me thankful. From this case, I know that the more attention I pay, the less pain I will get, 10. ______ is really a live lesson. 答案1.that/which 2.that/which 3.whose 4.who/that 5.who/whom/that 6.whose 7.which 8.who/that 9.whose 10.which 三、（拓展语法填空） Earthquakes Around the Pacific The world 1.______ (strike) by a large number of earthquakes every day, about 5 million in a year. China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The most serious 2. ______these occurred in Hua County, Shaanxi Province in 1556. The earthquake affected several provinces in central China. In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. 3. ______ (total), 830,000 people lost their lives. The California earthquake of April 18, 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at around 5: 12 am,4. ______ lasted for only a minute. However, it caused the worst 5. ______ (nature) disaster in the nation's history. Fires caused by the California earthquake 6. ______ (do) the most damage. The fires burned for three days 7.______ (destroy) lots of buildings. Over 700 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and many were made homeless. In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 8. ______ (death). 9. ______ 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, movements on the San Andreas Fault continue 10.______ (cause) problems for the whole of California. 答案：1.is struck 2.of 3.Totally 4.and 5.natural 6.did 7.destroying 8.deaths 9.The 10. to cause 四、（拓展语法填空） Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them1.______ (regular) . Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite 2.______(mountain) . The earthquake which 3.______(talk) about most in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Many people 4.______(die) in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones 5.______ kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever 6.______ (record) was felt in Portugal. More than 60, 000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. 100 7.______( thousand ) people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed 8.______ large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they 9.______(come) . People can not prepare 10.______ them. 答案: 1.regularly 2.mountainous 3.was talked 4.died 5.that 6.recorded 7.thousand 8. a 9.are coming 10.for 5、 (写作语法填空) Over the past few years, there have been 1.______ （vary） natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms,forest fires, hurricanes, floods and so forth, occurring worldwide, 2.______ have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes. There are several reasons 3.______ (contribute) to these frequent disasters. To begin with, so overpopulated is the earth 4.______people have been overexploiting natural resources. In addition, with forests cut down, grasses dug up, 5.______ lakes turned into fields, not only has the ecosystem been 6.______(serious) damaged, but the environment has been badly polluted. It is our joint 7.______(effort) that can make a difference. Therefore, I strongly advise everyone 8.______(become) aware of the importance of environmental protection and take immediate 9.______(act) , ranging from saving water, taking public transport, planting trees 10.______ recycling waste. 答案：1.various 2.which 3.contributing 4.that 5.and 6.seriously 7.efforts 8.to become 9.action 10.to 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2025年新高一英语暑假提升精品讲义（人教版2019） 专题15 Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词、短语、 亮句精讲+名校新真题精练 内容导航 考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢 重点速记：知识点和重难点梳理，查漏补缺 牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升 高频考点：模拟新题+提升专练，全面突破 一、考点聚焦 考点（一） Unit4 Natural Disasters核心单词考点梳理 考点（二） Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 考点（三） Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理 考点（四） Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲 考点（五） Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试 考点（六） Unit4 Natural Disasters巩固提升 考点（七） Unit4 Natural Disasters模拟精练 重点速记 考点（一） Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 核心单词及短语 （1） 核心单词 1、ruin n. & v. 破坏;毁坏 2、electricity n. 电;电能 3、disaster n. 灾难;灾害 4、trap v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱 5、emergency n. 突发事件;紧急情况 6、aid n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助 7、bury v. 埋葬;安葬 8、effort n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 9、wisdom n. 智慧;才智 10、damage v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 11、destroy v. 摧毁;毁灭 12、affect v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 13、shelter n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险) 14、supply n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给 （二）高频短语 be expected to do被期望;应该 volcanic eruption火山爆发 refer to 指的是 rise and fall起落;兴衰;起伏 refuse to do拒绝做某事 as usual像往常一样 as if好像 come to an end结束;终止 cause damage to对…造成伤害 cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过 lie in ruins成为废墟；破败不堪 blow away 吹走;刮走;使大为惊讶 be in shock=be shocked处于震惊中 go through经历;仔细检查;穿过;做完;用光 fall down跌倒;倒塌 on hand在手边;现有;在场 rescue sb. from sth.把某人从…中营救出来 bury the dead埋葬死者 provide medical care提供医疗护理 提供某人某物： provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb. offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to do sb. offer to do sth.主动提出干某事 get back on one’s feet站起来;重新振作起来 in times of在…的时候 in the event of 倘若;万一;如果…发生 tireless effort不懈的努力 make an effort to do努力做某事 put up shelters搭建避难所 shelter sb. from 保护某人免受… trap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事 in the open air在户外 take turns to do轮流做;依次做 crash into撞上;猛撞 sweep away扫去;清除;消灭 off the coast of在…的沿海;在…海岸附近 on the coast of在…海岸上 at least至少 the number of… …的数字 be affected by被…影响 deliver food and supplies运送食物和物资 suffer from遭受;患…病;因…而受苦 keep/stay calm保持冷静 pass on wisdom传递智慧 a flood of大量 cover …with …用…覆盖… get injured受伤 first aid kit急救箱 考点（二）Unit4 Natural Disasters重点词汇转化总结 1. disaster n.灾难;灾害→disastrous adj.灾难性的 2. dry adj.干旱的→drought n.旱灾→droughtproof adj.抗旱的 3. rescue n.& vt.营救;救援→rescuer n.救援者→rescuee n.被救援者 4. damage vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失→damages(复数) n.赔偿金→damaging adj.有破坏性的 5. destroy v.摧毁;毁灭→destruction n.破坏;毁灭→destructive adj.破坏(性)的 6. death n.死亡→die v.死亡→dying adj.垂死的→dead adj.死的→deadly adj.致命的 7. affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→affected adj.受到影响的→affection n.喜爱→effect n.影响→effective adj.有效的 8. percent n.百分之… adj./adv.每一百中→percentage n.百分比;比例 9. shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt.(使)震惊→shocked adj.感到震惊的→shocking adj.令人震惊的 →shockingly adv.令人震惊地;非常地(强调不好)→shockproof adj.防电击的 10. electricity n.电;电能→electric adj.带电的;用电的→electrical adj.电气(学)的;电相关的 11. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸→breath n.呼吸→breathless adj.气喘吁吁的 12. revive vt.&vi.复活;(使)苏醒→revival n.振兴;复苏 13. effort n.努力→effortless adj.不费力的;轻松的→effortlessly adv.不费力地 14. wise adj.明智的→unwise adj.不明智的→wisdom n.智慧;才智 15. suffer vt.遭受;蒙受 vi.(因疾病/痛苦/悲伤等)受苦→suffering n.受难;苦楚→sufferer n.患难者;患病者 16. erupt vi.&vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→eruption n.喷发 17. survive vi.生存;存活vt.幸存;艰难度过→survival n.幸存;生还→survivor n.幸存者;生还者 18. power n.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerful adj.强大的→powerless adj.无力的 19. emergency n.突发事件;紧急情况→emergent adj.紧急的 20. deliver vt.&vi.递送;传达 vt.发表;分娩→delivery n.投递;送交 21. summary n.总结;概要→summarize v.总结 22. long adj.长的→length n.长;长度→lengthen v.(使)变长 考点（三）Unit4 Natural Disasters语法解析考点梳理 （一）定语从句的概念 (1)定语从句：在复合句中，修饰_______的从句叫作定语从句。 (2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫作_______。 (3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫作关系词。关系词分为__________(that,which,who,whom,whose)和____________(when,where,why)两类。关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 （二）关系代词的基本用法 1. that/which that(修饰人、物，做主语、宾语) which(修饰物，做主语) （1）The doctor ______ you are looking for is in the room. （2）The building_______ stands near the river is our school. 2.Who/ whom/ whose Who （做主语/宾语） whom （做宾语 ，跟在介词后） whose(做定语) The student ________is answering the question is John. Tom is a freshman________English is fluent. Mr. Liu is the person _________you talked about on the bus. 考点（四） Unit4 Natural Disasters书面表达精讲 本单元写作: 概 要 写 作 概要写作是一种阅读和写作要求并重的新题型,有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求阅读原文后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文,又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。 1、写作步骤 第一步:归纳主旨大意(含段落大意) 概要写作的第一步便是阅读并抓取主题,进而提取主旨大意,即有关该主题的主要内容或作者在该主题上的观点。 阅读语篇时,根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法: （1）记叙文：圈出记叙文的六要素(who、 when、 where、 what、 how、 why),如果是夹叙夹议文,还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意 （2）说明文：找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议 （3）议论文： 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、论证) 第二步:提炼关键词 1、结合主旨大意,细读段落,找出每个段落的主旨句和关键词,区别段落中哪些是main ideas,哪些是supporting ideas、 examples 和additional information。通常是在相对重要的句子中提炼关键词。正确的关键词和关键句是概要写作最重要的内容和依据。 2、消减事例,尽量减少事实并省略细节。 第三步:合并和改写 1.合并信息首先需要对信息进行分类、整合,找到信息之间的联系,再将联系紧密的信息合并在一起。同一层级的主旨句不宜合并在一起,但如果联系紧密,且没有支持的细节信息,可以考虑合并。 2.在核心信息的基础上进行语言表达形式的改写,对原文的语言表达形式尽可能实现大规模的改变(改词、换句型)。 第四步:核查成文 核查文章句子的连贯性,优先考虑使用连接词(but、 then、 later、 finally、 besides、 thus、 therefore、 yet、 however); 核查标点和语法;核查词数。 2、常用语句 1.表示文章的内容以及研究目的 1　 This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with... 2　 The article focuses on the topic of... 3　 This article/passage mainly tells (a story) about... 4　 This passage mainly deals with/discusses/explores... 5　 This essay presents knowledge that... 6　 This paper provides/gives an overview of... 7　 In this passage (about...), the author... 8　 The author began the essay/passage by telling/presenting... 9　 First/Firstly/In the beginning/In the first part,the author argues/mentions/states/points out (that)... 2.表示研究的结论 1　 The result shows that... 2　 The author finds that... 3　 It is concluded that... 4　 Finally/As a conclusion,the author concludes/adds/stresses that... 5　 Finally, the author summarizes that... 3.表示观点或建议 1　 The author suggests/considers that... 2　 As far as the author is concerned... 3　 In the author's view... 考点（五） Unit4 Natural Disasters牛刀小试 一、识记单词 1._________ n. & v. 破坏;毁坏 2._________n. 电;电能 3._________ n. 灾难;灾害 4._________ v. 使落入险境;使陷入圈套 n. 险境;陷阱 5._________ n. 突发事件;紧急情况 6._________n. 援助;帮助;救援物资 v. 帮助;援助 7._________ v. 埋葬;安葬 8._________ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 9._________ n. 智慧;才智 10._________ v. 损害;破坏 n. 损坏;损失 11._________ v. 摧毁;毁灭 12._________ v. 影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 13._________ n. 避难处;居所;庇护 v.保护;掩蔽;躲避(风雨或危险) 14._________ n. 供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品 v.供应;供给 二、拓展单词 1._________ n. 死;死亡→_________adj. 无生命的→_________v. 死亡;消亡;灭亡 2._________ n. 震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 v. (使)震惊→_________ adj. 令人震惊的→_________ adj. 感到震惊的 3._________ v. 呼吸→_________ n. 呼吸的空气→_________ adj. 喘不过气来的 4._________ v. 复活;(使)苏醒→_________ n. 振兴;复苏 5._________v. 遭受;蒙受;(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_________ n. 折磨;苦难 6._________ v.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→_________ n. 火山爆发;(战争等)爆发 7._________ n. 电力供应;能量;力量 v. 驱动;快速前进→_________adj.威力强大的;强有力的→_________ adj. 无力的;无影响力的 8._________ n. 影响;结果;效果→_________adj. 有效的;生效的 9._________ n. 长;长度→_________ adj. 长的→_________ v. (使)延长;(使)变长→_________ adj. 漫长的;冗长的 三、重点短语 1.______________对……造成损坏 2.______________ 消灭;彻底消除 3.______________ 震惊;吃惊 4.______________ 保持冷静 5.______________ 像往常一样 6.______________似乎;好像;仿佛 7.______________ 严重受损;破败不堪 8.______________ 露天;在户外 9.______________现有(尤指帮助) 10.______________ 处境危险 考点（七） Unit3 Sports and Fitness巩固提升 自然灾害种类：disaster________ tornado______ 干旱__________ landslide________ tsunami_________ 洪水_______ 地震__________ volcanic eruption ________ 台风__________ hurricane___________ 灾害描述：magnitude_________ slide __________ 波浪______ damage_________→ _______ __adj. 袭击___________ destroy→ _________adj. → _______ __n. tap________ evacuate ______ affect→ ___________adj. → ____________n. 爆发___________ 裂痕______ _ 气体_____ 好像__ ____ 成为废墟_______ 使陷于，陷阱_________ bury_______ 撞击________ sweep away_______ 灾难中的人及其描述：survive _________→ __________n. 呼吸____________ shock→ ________adj. 震惊__________ revive_______→ ______ __n. 遭受______ wisdom__________ 平静的____________ 救援设施：helicopter___________ 庇护所_________ kit bag________ 急救___________ electricity ________ 哨子____________ 救援工作：努力____________ emergency aid____________ on hand____________ deliver_____ → __________n. 营救__________ 生活必需品 __________n. 重点词组 似乎/好像_____________ be shocked to do sth.________________ 陷入...中________________ bury oneself in________________ 深呼吸________________ make an effort to do sth.- 考点（八） Unit3 Sports and Fitness模拟精练 Unit4语法填空专项训练 1、 (课文语法填空)Several days before July 28, 1976, many strange things happened in Tangshan. They were 1.________(sign)for an earthquake. But people 2._______ lived there didn't think much of that. At 3: 42 am that day, the earth began 3._______ (shake), which destroyed almost all the city in less than one minute. Many people, 4. _______ (include) rescue workers and doctors, came 5._______ (rescue) those who were trapped under the 6._______ (ruin). Later that afternoon, another big earthquake hit the city. More people were killed or injured and more buildings fell 7. _______. Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to help, and teams were organised to dig out the trapped and to bury 8. _______dead. By and by things improved and the city began to breathe again. With strong support from the government and the 9._______ (tire) efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan 10._______ (build) upon the earthquake ruins. 答案： 二、（单元语法填空） My father works in a hospital 1._____is very famous in our city. My mother teaches maths in the school 2.______ I study in. She likes watching TV plays 3.______leading actors are very famous. I am a boy 4.______likes playing basketball. I have several good friends5. ______I often play basketball with. One day, I went out to the city stadium to play basketball with several of my friends, 6.______ homes are not far from mine. However, a terrible matter occurred when we were playing happily,7. ______ made one of my legs hurt. Fortunately, the stadium where we were playing is not far from a clinic, so I was treated by a doctor 8. ______ is skilled. Later, I was sent home by my friends, 9. ______ help makes me thankful. From this case, I know that the more attention I pay, the less pain I will get, 10. ______ is really a live lesson. 三、（拓展语法填空） Earthquakes Around the Pacific The world 1.______ (strike) by a large number of earthquakes every day, about 5 million in a year. China is situated in one of the most active earthquake regions in the world and there have been many terrible earthquakes. The most serious 2. ______these occurred in Hua County, Shaanxi Province in 1556. The earthquake affected several provinces in central China. In some communities, 60 percent of the population were killed. 3. ______ (total), 830,000 people lost their lives. The California earthquake of April 18, 1906 is the worst earthquake that has ever happened in the United States. It took place at around 5: 12 am,4. ______ lasted for only a minute. However, it caused the worst 5. ______ (nature) disaster in the nation's history. Fires caused by the California earthquake 6. ______(do) the most damage. The fires burned for three days 7.______ (destroy) lots of buildings. Over 700 people were killed in the city of San Francisco and many were made homeless. In the whole of California, the earthquake and fires caused about 3,000 8. ______ (death). 9. ______ 1906 earthquake was caused by a movement on the San Andreas Fault. One hundred years later, movements on the San Andreas Fault continue 10.______ (cause) problems for the whole of California. 四、（拓展语法填空） Earthquakes are something that people fear. There are some places that have few or no earthquakes. Most places in the world, however, have them1.______ (regular) . Countries that have a lot of earthquakes are usually quite 2.______(mountain) . The earthquake which 3.______(talk) about most in the United States was in San Francisco in 1906. Many people 4.______(die) in it. The strongest one in North America was in 1964. It happened in Alaska. Strong earthquakes are not always the ones 5.______kill the most people. In 1755, one of the strongest earthquakes ever 6.______ (record) was felt in Portugal. More than 60, 000 people died. In 1923, a very strong earthquake hit Tokyo, the Yokohama area of Japan. 100 7.______( thousand ) people died. Most of them died in fires which followed the earthquake. One of the worst earthquakes ever was in China in 1976. It killed8.______ large number of people. The worst earthquake ever recorded was also in China. This earthquake happened in 2008. Earthquakes worry people a lot. The reason is that we often do not know when they 9.______(come) . People can not prepare 10.______ them. 5、 (写作语法填空) Over the past few years, there have been 1.______ （vary） natural disasters, such as earthquakes, sandstorms,forest fires, hurricanes, floods and so forth, occurring worldwide, 2.______ have killed millions of people and destroyed countless homes. There are several reasons 3.______(contribute) to these frequent disasters. To begin with, so overpopulated is the earth 4.______people have been overexploiting natural resources. In addition, withforests cut down, grasses dug up, 5.______ lakes turned into fields, not only has the ecosystem been6.______(serious) damaged, but the environment has been badly polluted. It is our joint 7.______(effort) that can makea difference. Therefore, I strongly advise everyone 8.______(become) aware of the importance of environmental protection and take immediate 9.______(act) , ranging from saving water, taking public transport, planting trees10.______recycling waste. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$