高二英语期末模拟卷（北京专用，北师大版2019选必三+选必四）-学易金卷：2024-2025学年高中下学期期末模拟考试

2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．测试范围：选择性必修三+选择性必修四（北师大版2019）。 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When most teenagers his age are preparing for competitive exams or training to be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decided to chart his own route for success. At the age of 10, his class 1 a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads. His mom suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mom, the baked goods market is going to be totally oversaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last long. We need to make something 2 .” So he pulled out his mom’s old button machine and made buttons. When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the 3 of Buttonsmith, a retail company which now has over 10, 000 products available. Along with his regular schooling, Burner played a large role in the company’s strategic decision making and 4 his breaks and weekends working on the company. Buttonsmith started from the farmer’s market before going online and 5 , developing its own website. After going online, Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people, and that was a (n) 6 point. Since then he has greatly 7 product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world. Starting with buttons, the company has diversified its product 8 and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. To stay ahead of competitors, Burner has optimized Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being 9 and makes sure the products are in the customers’ hands within two days. After creating an impressive retail company at home, Buttonsmith is strategizing to spread its 10 to other countries. “I love being an entrepreneur.” concluded Burner. 1．A．ran B．spotted C．decorated D．swept 2．A．stable B．portable C．durable D．flexible 3．A．mission B．initiation C．advantage D．performance 4．A．killed B．delayed C．balanced D．invested 5．A．eventually B．hesitantly C．frequently D．accidentally 6．A．regular B．temporary C．crucial D．urgent 7．A．slid B．poured C．packed D．expanded 8．A．costs B．sizes C．offerings D．suppliers 9．A．shipped B．placed C．deleted D．tracked 10．A．roots B．wishes C．taste D．research 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A With the weather getting hot, bites 11 (cause) by mosquitoes not only annoy people, but also can result in many terrible diseases. Even when people wear long clothes, they always find 12 very hard to avoid mosquitoes. It would be great if clothing could be used to completely prevent people from getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene, a material that is incredibly thin but 13 (real) strong, in order to find out if it can be applied to make clothing fight against mosquitoes. B Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors, and self-driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. 14 they can do is no keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic violations and fines can be avoided, 15 can help save costs. Drivers also benefit from the 16 (integrate) of AI technology during long trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care of driving. C Shark attacks can be deadly, 17 they are not common. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people are injured. You are more likely to be attacked in parts of the sea 18 tourists throw in food to bring in sharks. However, people are 19 (danger) to sharks, too. 60 million sharks are killed for food and medicine every year. As a result, seme kinds of sharks may die out completely. 20 (protect) these wonderful animals, some countries have made programs to help them survive. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps. Benefits ● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program. ● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time. ● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers. Applications and Tuition ● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers. ● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement. ● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship. Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next? 21．The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________. A．get their books published eventually B．meet their guides whenever necessary C．finish writing their works within 2 years D．receive feedback only from famous writers 22．To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________. A．apply before April 1 B．pay $715 for one year C．state your personal information D．prepare your novel up to 36 pages 23．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To assess new writers. B．To promote a program. C．To compare different projects. D．To introduce the best publisher. B By the time Alex Sanburn was 13, he was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts centre. Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit a barrier, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a driver for creation. “There was a gap in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists,” says Alex, now 15. With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. The gallery charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talent by showcasing their work. Not long after the opening, Henry Cameron, a professor and artist, happened upon the gallery while walking in his neighbourhood. An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Alex’s own work was on the walls. A connection was formed, and Alex asked Henry to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Given how busy Alex is with school, life and his own art, Little EGG is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still devoted to growing the gallery with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. Leo Smith, a 17-year-old artist from Toronto says it’s about time that a venue like Little EGG existed. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we’re due, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art.” 24．What happened when Alex was 13? A．He was rejected by a juried exhibition. B．He missed the deadline for submission. C．He had his first show at a local art club. D．He became a working artist successfully. 25．What do we know about Little EGG? A．It is free of charge. B．It is open on weekdays. C．It is aimed at young talents. D．It holds competitions regularly. 26．Which of the following words can best describe Alex? A．Ambitious and creative. B．Loyal and determined. C．Modest and sympathetic. D．Honest and hard-working. 27．What can we learn from the story? A．Art connects people worldwide. B．One good turn deserves another. C．Failures can drive positive change. D．Chance favours the prepared mind. C Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who we once were and envision how we will be. A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect. In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC. The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC． But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us. One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior, emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were. Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity. 28．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity B．vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others do C．the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past self D．people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults 29．As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________. A．critical B．doubtful C．approving D．unconcerned 30．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Testing Our Memories B．Creating Our Sense of Self C．The Power of Self-Reference Effect D．The Importance of Mental Time Travel D James Gailey has already retired. At 80 years old, he was enjoying time in the North Texas community of Callisburg. It’s a small town, with a population of about 300 people. The local school district has two campuses, and supports over 1,100 students in the rural area. Although Gailey had no intention of returning to the workforce, he had no choice when his monthly rent was raised by $400. Since he couldn’t afford that cost, “Mr. James,” as the students call him, went back to the local school and restarted working as a school janitor. Three students decided that they could do something about this situation. Greyson Thurman, Banner Tidwell, and Marti Yusko created a GoFundMe web page and shared his story on TikTok. “No 80-year-old should have to work because they have to,” said Tidwell, “It should be because they want to do it. It bothered us that he had to have a place to work to keep his house.” When the students started the campaign, their goal was to get Mr. James some extra money to help with his rent issues. The page was disabled only two weeks later, raising an impressive $270,000. “It’s amazing,” said Jason Hooper, the principal of Callisburg High School. “The need was met because of three kind kids—of all our students who offered help.” Many of the donations to the GoFundMe page are from students and staff at Callisburg, with most of them only $5 or $10 each. “It is crazy to see something like that. We knew people would have wanted to help,” said Yusko, “We didn’t know it would blow up.” At the time of researching and writing this story, Mr. James said that he was ready to return to retirement. “It’s what we’re about,” Hooper said, “We’re a small town. We’re family. We don’t always agree, but we love and help our own.” 31．James Gailey returned to work mainly because of ________. A．his difficulty in paying his rent B．his boredom of the retiring life C．his desire to continue his career D．his ambition to improve himself 32．What did the three kids do for James Gailey? A．Finding him a job at campus B．Giving him support for work. C．Raising money on the website. D．Turning to the school principle. 33．How did Yusko feel after the campaign ? A．Doubtful. B．Astonished. C．Regretful. D．Confused. 34．What can we learn from the story? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good turn deserves another. C．Chance favors the prepared mind. D．A small act can make a difference. 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 35 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 36 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 37 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 38 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 39 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 40．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 41．What are the negative effects of complaining? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 43．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，提到对你 校的广播站很感兴趣，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 广播站开设的栏目； 2. 广播站对师生的意义。 注意：1. 字数不少于60； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·参考答案 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 A C B D A C D C B A 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11． caused 12．it 13．really 14．What 15．Which 16．integration 17．but 18．where 19．dangerous 20．To protect 第二部分 阅读理解(共19小题,每小题2分，共38 分) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 C C B A C A C A C B 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 A C B D F E D G A 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 40、To gain redress for displeasure. 41．Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 42．➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 43．(1) Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant. (44) (2) I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. (46) 第二节 (20 分) Dear Jim, Knowing that you are very interested in our school’s radio station, I am writing to tell you something about it. In order to enrich our students’ lives and offer students a platform where they can express themselves creatively and share their unique perspectives, our school set up the radio station. The station has various programs, ranging from educational talks to music shows. Besides, every morning, the station greets students with a refreshing newscast, keeping both students and teachers updated on both campus happenings and global events. The radio station not only provides a platform for students to showcase their talents but also helps in building up their confidence and public speaking ability. Yours, Li Hua ( 1 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英语·答题 名： 准考证号 标 条码粘贴处 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 清楚。 1234 12345678 23 23 2 2 2 2。请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处的方 框内。 3 23 23 3 23 3 3。选择题必须使用B铅笔填涂：非选择题必须用 4 4 4 A 4 0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 5678 5678 45678 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围 5678 5 5 5 5 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 678 678 678 678 6 5,保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破，弄皱，不 7 准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 6.填涂样例正确错误一1 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（供10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.A1[B][C1[D1 6.[A1[B1IC1[D 2.[A1[B][C1[D 7.[A][B][C1[D 3.[A][B][C1[D 8.[A][B][C][D 4.[A][B][C][D 9.[A][B][C][D 5.[A][B][C][D] 10.[A1[B]IC1[D] 第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 11. 12. 13. 14 15. 16 17. 18 19 20. 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.A][B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31.IA][B][C][D]35.A][B][C1[D][E][F][G] 22.[A1[B][C1[D]27.IA][B][C1[D32.IA][B][C1[D136.A][B][C][D][E][F1[G 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D]37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G 24.[A1[B]IC][D]29.[A][B][C1[D]34.A][B][C][D]38.[A][B][C1[D][E][F][G] 25.A][B][C][D]30.[A][B1[C1[D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][FJG] 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-节（满分12分） 40 (2分) 4L. (2分) 42 (3分) 43 (5分) 第二节（满分20分） Dear Jim Yours, LiHua 请在各题目的答题区内作答，超出 形边框限定区的答案无效 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．测试范围：选择性必修三+选择性必修四（北师大版2019）。 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When most teenagers his age are preparing for competitive exams or training to be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decided to chart his own route for success. At the age of 10, his class 1 a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads. His mom suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mom, the baked goods market is going to be totally oversaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last long. We need to make something 2 .” So he pulled out his mom’s old button machine and made buttons. When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the 3 of Buttonsmith, a retail company which now has over 10, 000 products available. Along with his regular schooling, Burner played a large role in the company’s strategic decision making and 4 his breaks and weekends working on the company. Buttonsmith started from the farmer’s market before going online and 5 , developing its own website. After going online, Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people, and that was a (n) 6 point. Since then he has greatly 7 product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world. Starting with buttons, the company has diversified its product 8 and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. To stay ahead of competitors, Burner has optimized Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being 9 and makes sure the products are in the customers’ hands within two days. After creating an impressive retail company at home, Buttonsmith is strategizing to spread its 10 to other countries. “I love being an entrepreneur.” concluded Burner. 1．A．ran B．spotted C．decorated D．swept 2．A．stable B．portable C．durable D．flexible 3．A．mission B．initiation C．advantage D．performance 4．A．killed B．delayed C．balanced D．invested 5．A．eventually B．hesitantly C．frequently D．accidentally 6．A．regular B．temporary C．crucial D．urgent 7．A．slid B．poured C．packed D．expanded 8．A．costs B．sizes C．offerings D．suppliers 9．A．shipped B．placed C．deleted D．tracked 10．A．roots B．wishes C．taste D．research 【参考答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．A 【语篇解读】本文的体裁是记叙文。通过叙述主人公Henry Burner克服阅读障碍，从一个学校交易活动出发，创立并发展Buttonsmith公司的经历，展示了个人奋斗、创新思维和企业成长的过程。 【详情解析】 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他10岁的时候，他的班级经营了一个交易站，学生们在那里用假币买卖商品。A. ran经营；B. spotted发现；C. decorated装饰；D. swept扫除。根据后文的“a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads.”可知，此处指班级内部进行的一种商业活动，他的班级经营了一个交易站。故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要做一些持久的东西。A. stable稳定的；B. portable便携的；C. durable持久的；D. flexible灵活的。根据前文的“Few students make things that last long”可知，亨利想要制作持久耐用的商品。故选C项。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那就是Buttonsmith的起源，现在这家零售公司已经有超过1万种产品上市。A. mission使命；B. initiation起源；C. advantage优势；D. performance表演。根据前文的“When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. ‘Can I make it a real business?’”可知，这里指的是Buttonsmith公司的开始或者起源。故选B项。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：除了正常的学业，伯纳还在公司的战略决策中发挥了重要作用，并投入休息时间和周末为公司工作。A. killed杀死；B. delayed延迟；C. balanced平衡；D. invested投资，投入。根据后文的“his breaks and weekends working on the company”可知，此处表示他将个人时间投入到公司工作中。故选D项。 5．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Buttonsmith从农贸市场起步，之后转到线上，最终开发了自己的网站。A. eventually最终；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. frequently频繁地；D. accidentally偶然地。根据后文的“developing its own website”可知，此处应填入表示最后结果的副词，表示最终开发了自己的网站。故选A项。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在线销售后，Buttonsmith的销售额显著上升，达到了数百万人，这是一个关键点。A. regular常规的；B. temporary临时的；C. crucial关键的；D. urgent紧急的。根据前文的“Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant up ward graph and reached millions of people”和后文的“Since then he has greatly 6 product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world.”可知，销售额的大幅提升，极大地扩展了产品线，对于公司来说是一个关键性的转折点。故选C项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他极大地扩展了产品线，推出了许多让人们能够向世界表达自我的可负担高质量产品。A. slid滑动；B. poured倾倒；C. packed打包；D. expanded扩展。根据后文的“product lines into many affordable high quality products”可知，此处指产品线的增加和多样化，因此“扩展”最符合语境。故选D项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：从纽扣开始，公司已经多样化其产品供应，目前提供狗项圈、牵引绳、名片、横幅等。A. costs成本；B. sizes尺寸；C. offerings供应，产品；D. suppliers供应商。根据前文的“the company has diversified its product”和后文的“currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc.”可知，这里指的是公司提供的产品种类，所以使用“供应”最为合适。故选C项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了领先于竞争对手，伯纳优化了Buttonsmith，使得订单被下单后几分钟内就能生产出定制产品。A. shipped运输；B. placed放置，下单；C. deleted删除；D. tracked跟踪。根据前文的“Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being”可知，此处指客户下单后快速生产。故选B项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在国内创建了一家令人印象深刻的零售公司后，Buttonsmith正在制定战略，将其根基扩展到其他国家。A. roots根源，根基；B. wishes愿望；C. taste品味；D. research研究。根据后文的“to other countries”可知，这里指公司业务或影响范围的扩大，Buttonsmith正在将其根基扩展到其他国家。故选A项。 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 A With the weather getting hot, bites 11 (cause) by mosquitoes not only annoy people, but also can result in many terrible diseases. Even when people wear long clothes, they always find 12 very hard to avoid mosquitoes. It would be great if clothing could be used to completely prevent people from getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene, a material that is incredibly thin but 13 (real) strong, in order to find out if it can be applied to make clothing fight against mosquitoes. 【参考答案】11．caused 12．it 13．really 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员对石墨烯这种材料进行了测试，以确定它是否可以用于制造防蚊衣物。 【详情解析】 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着天气逐渐炎热，蚊虫叮咬不仅给人们带来烦恼，还可能引发许多可怕的疾病。句中有谓语，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词bites，动词cause和名词bites是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填caused。 12．考查形式宾语。句意：即使人们穿着长衣服，也总是很难避开蚊子。find it+形容词+to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“发现做某事是……”，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，故填it。 13．考查副词。句意：研究人员对石墨烯（一种非常薄但非常坚固的材料）进行了测试，以确定它是否可以用于制造防蚊衣物。此处应用副词really作状语，修饰形容词strong，故填really。 B Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors, and self-driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. 14 they can do is no keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic violations and fines can be avoided, 15 can help save costs. Drivers also benefit from the 16 (integrate) of AI technology during long trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care of driving. 【参考答案】14．What 15．which 16．integration 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了大约90%的交通事故是由人为失误造成的，而带有人工智能的自动驾驶汽车旨在解决这一问题，让司机可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。 【详情解析】 14．考查主语从句。句意：他们所能做的不是通过战略驾驶和安全驾驶来保持车辆硬件的健康。该空引导主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。 15．考查定语从句。句意：这样，可以避免交通违规和罚款，这可以帮助节省成本。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指代主句的内容，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 16．考查名词。句意：在长途旅行中，司机也受益于人工智能技术的整合，因为他们可以在汽车系统负责驾驶的同时休息。作介词from的宾语，应用名词integration，不可数。故填integration。 C Shark attacks can be deadly, 17 they are not common. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people are injured. You are more likely to be attacked in parts of the sea 18 tourists throw in food to bring in sharks. However, people are 19 (danger) to sharks, too. 60 million sharks are killed for food and medicine every year. As a result, seme kinds of sharks may die out completely. 20 (protect) these wonderful animals, some countries have made programs to help them survive. 【参考答案】17．but 18．where 19．dangerous 20．To protect 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鲨鱼攻击人类虽致命但不常见，而人类对鲨鱼威胁更大，每年有大量的鲨鱼被捕杀。为保护鲨鱼，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。 【详情解析】 17．考查连词。句意：鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的，但这种情况并不常见。空处前后均为完整的句子，空前部分表示“鲨鱼的攻击可能是致命的”，空后部分表示“这种情况并不常见”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为“但是”的并列连词but，构成并列句。故填but。 18．考查定语从句。句意：你更有可能在游客扔食物招来鲨鱼的海域遭到袭击。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词parts of the sea，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 19．考查形容词。句意：然而，人类对鲨鱼也是危险的。空处作表语，danger的形容词形式dangerous符合题意，意为“危险的”。故填dangerous。 20．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护这些奇妙的动物，一些国家制定了帮助它们生存的计划。句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，表示“为了……”，因此用protect的不定式形式，且句首单词的首字母应大写。故填To protect。 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps. Benefits ● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program. ● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time. ● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers. Applications and Tuition ● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers. ● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement. ● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship. Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next? 21．The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________. A．get their books published eventually B．meet their guides whenever necessary C．finish writing their works within 2 years D．receive feedback only from famous writers 22．To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________. A．apply before April 1 B．pay $715 for one year C．state your personal information D．prepare your novel up to 36 pages 23．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To assess new writers. B．To promote a program. C．To compare different projects. D．To introduce the best publisher. 【参考答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章旨在介绍灯塔图书项目(The Lighthouse Book Project)，这是一个为期两年的密集写作计划，旨在帮助撰写长篇手稿的作家们完成他们的作品。 【详情解析】 21．细节理解题。根据文章的第一段中提到“The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and—most importantly—finish. (灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。)”可知，灯塔图书项目是一个为期两年的密集计划，旨在帮助作家完成他们的作品。因此，该项目承诺参与者在两年内完成写作工作。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据文章“Components of applications”部分中“a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement.( 一份30页的写作样本，一个项目大纲，两到三封现任或前任写作导师的推荐信，以及一份简短的个人陈述。)”可知，申请参加灯塔图书项目需要提交的材料包括：一份最多30页的写作样本、项目大纲、来自现任或前任写作导师的两到三封推荐信以及一份简短的个人陈述。因此，成为灯塔图书项目的参与者需要提交个人陈述，即需要陈述个人信息。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据文章的第一段中提到“The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and—most importantly—finish. (灯塔图书计划是一个为期两年的密集项目。它的目的是给作者的书长度的手稿的课程，建议和精神支持，他们需要起草，修改，最重要的是完成。)”以及通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了灯塔图书项目(The Lighthouse Book Project)，包括它的目标、好处、申请条件和学费等。因此，文章的主要目的是推广这个项目，以吸引更多的作家参与。B选项“To promote a program.(推广一个项目)”符合题意。故选B。 B By the time Alex Sanburn was 13, he was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts centre. Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit a barrier, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a driver for creation. “There was a gap in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists,” says Alex, now 15. With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. The gallery charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talent by showcasing their work. Not long after the opening, Henry Cameron, a professor and artist, happened upon the gallery while walking in his neighbourhood. An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Alex’s own work was on the walls. A connection was formed, and Alex asked Henry to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Given how busy Alex is with school, life and his own art, Little EGG is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still devoted to growing the gallery with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. Leo Smith, a 17-year-old artist from Toronto says it’s about time that a venue like Little EGG existed. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we’re due, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art.” 24．What happened when Alex was 13? A．He was rejected by a juried exhibition. B．He missed the deadline for submission. C．He had his first show at a local art club. D．He became a working artist successfully. 25．What do we know about Little EGG? A．It is free of charge. B．It is open on weekdays. C．It is aimed at young talents. D．It holds competitions regularly. 26．Which of the following words can best describe Alex? A．Ambitious and creative. B．Loyal and determined. C．Modest and sympathetic. D．Honest and hard-working. 27．What can we learn from the story? A．Art connects people worldwide. B．One good turn deserves another. C．Failures can drive positive change. D．Chance favours the prepared mind. 【参考答案】24．A 25．C 26．A 27．C 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是13岁的小艺术家Alex申请参加在一个评审展览时因年龄小被拒绝，于是他创办了一个专门为未成年艺术家提供展示机会的画廊Little EGG。 【详情解析】 24．细节理解题。根据首段中的“Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit a barrier, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18.(然而，他更具体地希望开始在一个评审展览中展示他的作品，在那里，艺术专家将在一个竞争性的评审过程中评估和选择作品。就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多页申请的最后一行，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。)”可知，在他想在一个评审展览中展示他的作品时，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁；由此可知，在13岁时他遭到了一次评审展览的拒绝。故选A项。 25．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists.(在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了Little EGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，Little EGG画廊是一个专门为未成年艺术家开始的商业工作室，由此可知，Little EGG画廊的目标是年轻的人才。故选C项。 26．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“That rejection became a driver for creation. “There was a gap in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists,” says Alex, now 15.(这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：‘艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。’)”可知，13岁的Alex再被拒绝后，他认为能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会是件很酷的事情，结合第三段中的“With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. (在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了Little EGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，他成立了一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合以上信息可知，Alex是一个有抱负和富有创新精神的人。故选A项。 27．推理判断题。根据首段中的“That’s when he hit a barrier, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18.(就在这时，他遇到了障碍，在一份多页申请的最后一行，他发现提交申请的最低年龄是18岁。)”可知，Alex想在一个评审展览中展示他的作品时，他遭到了拒绝；根据第三段中的“That rejection became a driver for creation. “There was a gap in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists,” says Alex, now 15. (这种拒绝成为了创造的动力。现年15岁的Alex说：‘艺术界有一个空白，我想如果我能给更多的年轻艺术家提供机会，那就太酷了。’)”可知，这次拒绝成为了他创造的动力；根据第三段中的“With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. (在父母的支持下，Alex租了一个店面，成立了Little EGG画廊，这是一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室。)”可知，他成立了一个专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室；综合以上信息可知，Alex在失败后而成立了专门为未成年艺术家开设的商业工作室，所以，从该故事中可以学到的是失败可以带来积极的改变。故选C项。 C Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who we once were and envision how we will be. A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect. In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC. The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC. But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us. One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior, emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were. Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity. 28．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity B．vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others do C．the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past self D．people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults 29．As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________. A．critical B．doubtful C．approving D．unconcerned 30．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Testing Our Memories B．Creating Our Sense of Self C．The Power of Self-Reference Effect D．The Importance of Mental Time Travel 【参考答案】28．A 29．C 30．B 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了大脑中的一个特定区域(vmPFC)如何帮助我们将现在的记忆与未来的自我记忆结合起来，从而维持我们的身份感。这项研究发现加深了我们对大脑如何塑造和维持我们当前身份的理解。 【详情解析】 28．细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“ It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. (研究发现，对照组的人能回忆起更多与自身相关的形容词，而不是与名人相关的形容词。然而，vmPFC损伤的参与者几乎无法回忆起与自身相关的引用，无论时间背景如何。他们对名人的形容词识别能力也相对较弱。)”可知，当人们在这个区域(vmPFC)受伤时，他们几乎无法回忆起与自身相关的引用，无论时间背景如何会导致身份感的受损。这与选项A的描述“people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity (vmPFC损伤的人失去了身份感)”相符。故选A。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段中“These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC. (这些发现很有趣，因为这项研究帮助我们理解自我相关的记忆是如何依赖于vmPFC的功能的。)”可知，作者认为这些发现很有趣，因为这项研究帮助我们理解自我相关记忆如何依赖于vmPFC的功能，这说明作者对于vmPFC研究的发现持肯定态度。因此，作者对于vmPFC研究的发现持赞成态度。C选项“approving(支持的)”与作者态度相一致。故选C。 30．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章主要讨论了vmPFC区域如何帮助我们将现在的记忆与未来的自我记忆结合起来，以维持我们的身份感。B选项“Creating Our Sense of Self(创造我们的自我意识)”最能概括文章的主旨，符合文章标题。故选B。 D James Gailey has already retired. At 80 years old, he was enjoying time in the North Texas community of Callisburg. It’s a small town, with a population of about 300 people. The local school district has two campuses, and supports over 1,100 students in the rural area. Although Gailey had no intention of returning to the workforce, he had no choice when his monthly rent was raised by $400. Since he couldn’t afford that cost, “Mr. James,” as the students call him, went back to the local school and restarted working as a school janitor. Three students decided that they could do something about this situation. Greyson Thurman, Banner Tidwell, and Marti Yusko created a GoFundMe web page and shared his story on TikTok. “No 80-year-old should have to work because they have to,” said Tidwell, “It should be because they want to do it. It bothered us that he had to have a place to work to keep his house.” When the students started the campaign, their goal was to get Mr. James some extra money to help with his rent issues. The page was disabled only two weeks later, raising an impressive $270,000. “It’s amazing,” said Jason Hooper, the principal of Callisburg High School. “The need was met because of three kind kids—of all our students who offered help.” Many of the donations to the GoFundMe page are from students and staff at Callisburg, with most of them only $5 or $10 each. “It is crazy to see something like that. We knew people would have wanted to help,” said Yusko, “We didn’t know it would blow up.” At the time of researching and writing this story, Mr. James said that he was ready to return to retirement. “It’s what we’re about,” Hooper said, “We’re a small town. We’re family. We don’t always agree, but we love and help our own.” 31．James Gailey returned to work mainly because of ________. A．his difficulty in paying his rent B．his boredom of the retiring life C．his desire to continue his career D．his ambition to improve himself 32．What did the three kids do for James Gailey? A．Finding him a job at campus B．Giving him support for work. C．Raising money on the website. D．Turning to the school principle. 33．How did Yusko feel after the campaign ? A．Doubtful. B．Astonished. C．Regretful. D．Confused. 34．What can we learn from the story? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good turn deserves another. C．Chance favors the prepared mind. D．A small act can make a difference. 【参考答案】31．A 32．C 33．B 34．D 【语篇解读】文章的体裁为记叙文。通过讲述老人詹姆斯·盖利因无法支付房租而不得不重返工作岗位的故事，揭示了三名学生发起的筹款活动给他带来的帮助以及小善举所能带来的影响。文章通过这一真实事件展现了爱与帮助的力量，强调了小事可以产生积极的影响。 【详情解析】 31．细节理解题。根据第二段“Although Gailey had no intention of returning to the workforce, he had no choice when his monthly rent was raised by $400. Since he couldn’t afford that cost, “Mr. James,” as the students call him, went back to the local school and restarted working as a school janitor. (尽管盖利没有打算重新投入工作，但当他的每月房租涨价了400美元时，他别无选择。因为他支付不起这笔费用，“詹姆斯先生”就回到当地学校重新开始做学校清洁工。)”可知，他的月租金提高了400美元，他无法承担。因为他无法支付房租，别无选择，盖利重返工作。故选A项。 32．细节理解题。根据第三段“Greyson Thurman, Banner Tidwell, and Marti Yusko created a GoFundMe web page and shared his story on TikTok. (格雷森·瑟曼、班纳·提德威尔和玛蒂·尤斯科创建了一个GoFundMe网页，并在TikTok上分享了他的故事。) ”和第四段“When the students started the campaign, their goal was to get Mr. James some extra money to help with his rent issues. (当学生开始这项运动时，他们的目标是为盖利筹集一些额外的钱以帮助解决他的租金问题。) ”表明格雷森·瑟曼、班纳·蒂德威尔和玛蒂·尤斯科创建了一个GoFundMe网页，并在TikTok上分享了他的故事，在网站上为詹姆斯·盖利筹集资金帮助解决他的房租问题。故选C项。 33．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“It is crazy to see something like that. We knew people would have wanted to help,” said Yusko, “We didn’t know it would blow up.” (“看到这样的事情真是太疯狂了。我们知道人们会想要帮助，”尤斯科说，“我们没想到会爆炸般的发展。”) ”表明募捐活动的效果超出预期，让尤斯科感到惊讶。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Mr. James said that he was ready to return to retirement. (詹姆斯先生表示他准备重新退休。)”表明三名学生发起筹款活动的小举动对詹姆斯先生的生活产生了重大影响，年迈的詹姆斯先生不需要工作了，可以过上退休生活。说明即使是小小的善举也能产生积极影响。故选D项。 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 35 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 36 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 37 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 38 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 39 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 【参考答案】35．F 36．E 37．D 38．G 39．A 【语篇解读】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。 【详情解析】 35．由上文“Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bar e arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。 36．由上文“There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。 37．由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。 38．由上文“On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。 39．由上文“Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“However, it is an important part of human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is not fun to feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并与下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 40．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 41．What are the negative effects of complaining? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 43．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 【参考答案】 40、To gain redress for displeasure. 41．Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 42．➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 43．(1) Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant. (44 words) (2) I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. (46 words) 【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲调查数据显示，现在抱怨现象越来越多，而文章建议读者减少抱怨，多点宽容。 【详情解析】 40．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Sometimes, complaining is ‘instrumental’, designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. (有时，抱怨是‘工具性的’，旨在获得对不满的补偿，例如糟糕的服务或家庭成员令人讨厌的行为)”可知，“工具性”抱怨的目的是为了获得不满的补偿。故填To gain redress for displeasure. 41．细节理解题。由文章第四段“Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. (虽然抱怨可能会暂时缓解压力，但从长远来看，这对你的幸福感不利。学者们已经表明，在社交媒体上分享负面情绪的人的幸福感水平较低。抱怨也会降低你周围人的幸福感)”可知，从长远来看，抱怨不利于你的幸福，也会降低你周围人的幸福感。故填Complaining is bad for your happiness in the long run and lowers the happiness of the people around you as well. 42．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Complaining can also be ‘chronic’, a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. (抱怨也可能是‘慢性’的，这是一种不满状态，抱怨者不断思考自己的痛苦，拒绝得到安慰)”可知，抱怨者是拒绝安慰的，而不是获取同情。故正确答案为 “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. 43．开放性试题。言之有理即可。其中答案可以为“阅读一直是我处理不满的方式，因为在阅读的同时，我接触到了一个巨大的世界，在那里我可以体验到生活的无限可能性。此外，我从阅读中获得的全新视角使我不满的原因显得微不足道。”，也可以为“我会直面生活中的不满，积极寻求解决方案。与其抱怨，我会找出我不满的根源并采取有效措施。通过这样做，我可以将不满转化为个人成长和积极改变的动力。”故填Reading has always been my way of dealing with dissatisfaction, because while reading, I am exposed to an immense world where I can experience infinite possibilities of life. Also, the brand-new perspective I’ve gained from reading makes the cause of my dissatisfaction seem insignificant.或者I would deal with dissatisfaction in life by facing it head-on and actively seeking solutions. Instead of complaining, I would identify the root cause of my dissatisfaction and take effective measures. By doing so, I can turn dissatisfaction into motivation for personal growth and positive change. 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，提到对你校的广播站很感兴趣，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 广播站开设的栏目； 2. 广播站对师生的意义。 注意：1. 字数不少于60； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【参考答案】 Dear Jim, Knowing that you are very interested in our school’s radio station, I am writing to tell you something about it. In order to enrich our students’ lives and offer students a platform where they can express themselves creatively and share their unique perspectives, our school set up the radio station. The station has various programs, ranging from educational talks to music shows. Besides, every morning, the station greets students with a refreshing newscast, keeping both students and teachers updated on both campus happenings and global events. The radio station not only provides a platform for students to showcase their talents but also helps in building up their confidence and public speaking ability. Yours, Li Hua 【语篇解读】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生英国笔友Jim回复邮件，介绍你校广播站开设的栏目，以及广播站对师生的意义。 【详解】1.词汇积累 对……感兴趣：be interested in→have an interest in 表达：express→convey 开办：set up→launch 展示：showcase→show 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The station has various programs, ranging from educational talks to music shows. 拓展句：The station has various programs, which range from educational talks to music shows. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you are very interested in our school’s radio station, I am writing to tell you something about it.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】In order to enrich our students’ lives and offer students a platform where they can express themselves creatively and share their unique perspectives, our school set up the radio station.(运用了where引导的定语从句) ( 1 / 15 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷(北京专用 英语·答题卡 姓名: 缺 准考证号 条 码 粘 贴 处 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 。 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 一(11x。 1. 答题前,考生先将自己的姓名,准考证号码填写清 一4。 二 一C) _~ 一~ 一~ _ 。 □ { ~ ~ 2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处]的方框 ■ 础 内。 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂:非选择题必须用0.5 41阳 14 (,。) (。 。1 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写,字体工整。 r (,) 4. 请按题号题序在各题的答题区内作答,超出范围的 答案无效,在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 , 6 5. 保持卡面清洁,不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱,不准 1 1 1 1P2 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 1 6. 填涂样例 正确[]错误[-]1[×] 0 。 0 0 0 第一部分知识运用(共两节,30分 第一节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,共15分 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3.[A][B][C][D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9.[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D 10.[A][B][C][D] 第二节(共10小题:每小题1.5分,共15分 12. 14. 11 15 16. 17 18 20. 第二部分阅读理解(共两节,38分) 21.[A][B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22.[A][B][C][D]27.[A][B][C][D]32.[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][C][D]33.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 24.[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C][D]34.[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 第三部分书面表达(共两节.32分 第一节(满分12分 40 (2分) (2分) (3分) 43 第二节(满分20分) Dear Jim. Yours. Li Hua ■ ■ 请在各题目的答题区域内作答,超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2024-2025学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（北京专用） 英 语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 考生注意： 1．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。 3．测试范围：选择性必修三+选择性必修四（北师大版2019）。 4．难度系数：0.65。 5．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When most teenagers his age are preparing for competitive exams or training to be athletes, Henry Burner, struggling with dyslexia (阅读障碍), decided to chart his own route for success. At the age of 10, his class 1 a trading post, where students would sell and buy goods with heads. His mom suggested making cupcakes, but Burner refused. “Mom, the baked goods market is going to be totally oversaturated (过度饱和的). Few students make things that last long. We need to make something 2 .” So he pulled out his mom’s old button machine and made buttons. When Burner ended up with the most bends at the trading post, he felt for the first time that he was really successful. Arriving home, Burner asked his mom. “Can I make it a real business?” That was the 3 of Buttonsmith, a retail company which now has over 10, 000 products available. Along with his regular schooling, Burner played a large role in the company’s strategic decision making and 4 his breaks and weekends working on the company. Buttonsmith started from the farmer’s market before going online and 5 , developing its own website. After going online, Buttonsmith’s sales showed a significant upward graph and reached millions of people, and that was a (n) 6 point. Since then he has greatly 7 product lines into many affordable high quality products that allow people to express who they are to the world. Starting with buttons, the company has diversified its product 8 and currently provides dog collars, leashes, business cards, banners, etc. To stay ahead of competitors, Burner has optimized Buttonsmith to have custom products made within minutes of the order being 9 and makes sure the products are in the customers’ hands within two days. After creating an impressive retail company at home, Buttonsmith is strategizing to spread its 10 to other countries. “I love being an entrepreneur.” concluded Burner. 1．A．ran B．spotted C．decorated D．swept 2．A．stable B．portable C．durable D．flexible 3．A．mission B．initiation C．advantage D．performance 4．A．killed B．delayed C．balanced D．invested 5．A．eventually B．hesitantly C．frequently D．accidentally 6．A．regular B．temporary C．crucial D．urgent 7．A．slid B．poured C．packed D．expanded 8．A．costs B．sizes C．offerings D．suppliers 9．A．shipped B．placed C．deleted D．tracked 10．A．roots B．wishes C．taste D．research 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。 A With the weather getting hot, bites 11 (cause) by mosquitoes not only annoy people, but also can result in many terrible diseases. Even when people wear long clothes, they always find 12 very hard to avoid mosquitoes. It would be great if clothing could be used to completely prevent people from getting bitten. Researchers tested graphene, a material that is incredibly thin but 13 (real) strong, in order to find out if it can be applied to make clothing fight against mosquitoes. B Around 90% of road accidents are caused by human errors, and self-driving cars with AI aim to solve the problem. 14 they can do is no keep vehicle hardware healthy by driving strategically and safely. In this way, traffic violations and fines can be avoided, 15 can help save costs. Drivers also benefit from the 16 (integrate) of AI technology during long trips as they can rest while the car’s system takes care of driving. C Shark attacks can be deadly, 17 they are not common. Each year, sharks usually kill fewer than 10 people worldwide, and about 100 people are injured. You are more likely to be attacked in parts of the sea 18 tourists throw in food to bring in sharks. However, people are 19 (danger) to sharks, too. 60 million sharks are killed for food and medicine every year. As a result, seme kinds of sharks may die out completely. 20 (protect) these wonderful animals, some countries have made programs to help them survive. 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Lighthouse Book Project is an intensive, two-year program. It is aimed at giving writers of book-length manuscripts (文稿) the classes, advice, and moral support they need to draft, revise, and — most importantly — finish. Whether you’re working on a novel, short story collection, or narrative nonfiction, our program guides will work closely with you to chart a path through your project. And at the end of two years, you’ll have a manuscript you can be proud of and a support team ready to help you take the next steps. Benefits ● Individualized guidance: You’ll meet your guide on a regular basis to check your progress, review drafts of your work, and set goals for the future, keeping you accountable and on track throughout the program. ● Intensives: Three times a year, the Book Project participants gather for a weekend of classes led by special guest authors and our publishing expert, group meetings, participant readings, great meals and plenty of social time. ● Manuscript feedback: You’ll receive detailed feedback on your manuscript from your guide and then a second thorough examination of your complete manuscript from a second reader, chosen from our list of Lighthouse teachers and many other famous writers. Applications and Tuition ● Applications: Applications are available starting April 1, and the deadline to apply is June 22 every year. Each guide accepts six applicants, for a total of 36 participating writers. ● Components of applications: a writing sample up to 30 pages, a project outline, two to three recommendation letters from your current or former writing instructors, and a short personal statement. ● Tuition: $8,580 per year, or $715 per month. Partial tuition assistance is available through our Book Project Fellowship. Since 2019, we’ve seen deals signed for thirteen books from our Book Project participants. They’ve had nonfiction, short story collections, novels, and middle-grade works signed by the best publishers. Will you be next? 21．The Lighthouse Book Project promises that participants will ________. A．get their books published eventually B．meet their guides whenever necessary C．finish writing their works within 2 years D．receive feedback only from famous writers 22．To be a participant of the Lighthouse Book Project, you need to ________. A．apply before April 1 B．pay $715 for one year C．state your personal information D．prepare your novel up to 36 pages 23．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To assess new writers. B．To promote a program. C．To compare different projects. D．To introduce the best publisher. B By the time Alex Sanburn was 13, he was well on his way to becoming a working artist. He had already had his first show at a local arts centre. Yet he wanted more-specifically to start showing his work in a juried exhibition, where art experts would evaluate and select pieces in a competitive review process. That’s when he hit a barrier, discovering in the very last line of a multi-page application that the minimum age for submission was 18. That rejection became a driver for creation. “There was a gap in the art world, and I thought it’d be really cool if I could provide the opportunity to more young artists,” says Alex, now 15. With the support of his parents, Alex rented a storefront and founded Little EGG Gallery, a commercial studio only for underage artists. The gallery charges a small hanging fee for any displayed work and takes a 15 percent commission fee on sales. In turn, Little EGG helps promote young talent by showcasing their work. Not long after the opening, Henry Cameron, a professor and artist, happened upon the gallery while walking in his neighbourhood. An exhibition was being installed at the time, and some of Alex’s own work was on the walls. A connection was formed, and Alex asked Henry to help judge an upcoming competition. The first juried show was last spring, and the top three winners each received a $50 cash prize. Given how busy Alex is with school, life and his own art, Little EGG is mostly open by appointment only, but he’s still devoted to growing the gallery with seasonal and themed shows scheduled a few times a year. Leo Smith, a 17-year-old artist from Toronto says it’s about time that a venue like Little EGG existed. “As young artists, we don’t get as much credit as I think we’re due, and we also don’t get many opportunities to showcase the amount of work we put into the art.” 24．What happened when Alex was 13? A．He was rejected by a juried exhibition. B．He missed the deadline for submission. C．He had his first show at a local art club. D．He became a working artist successfully. 25．What do we know about Little EGG? A．It is free of charge. B．It is open on weekdays. C．It is aimed at young talents. D．It holds competitions regularly. 26．Which of the following words can best describe Alex? A．Ambitious and creative. B．Loyal and determined. C．Modest and sympathetic. D．Honest and hard-working. 27．What can we learn from the story? A．Art connects people worldwide. B．One good turn deserves another. C．Failures can drive positive change. D．Chance favours the prepared mind. C Our travels are not limited to physical time. We also experience mental time travel. We visit the past through our memories and then journey into the future by imagining what tomorrow or next year might bring. When we do so, we think of ourselves as we are now, remember who we once were and envision how we will be. A recent study explores how one particular brain region helps to knit together memories of the present and future selves. When people sustain an injury to this area, it leads to a damaged sense of identity. The region, called vmPFC, may produce a fundamental model of the person and place it in mental time. When the region does so, it may be the source of our sense of self. It’s also found that memories that reference the self are easier to recall. They benefit from what researchers have called a self-reference effect. In the study, the researchers used the self-reference effect to assess memories of present and future selves among people who had brain lesions (损伤) to the vmPFC. The scientists worked with people with vmPFC lesions, then compared them with a control group made up of people with injuries to other parts of the brain and healthy individuals. They were asked to list adjectives to describe themselves and a celebrity, both in the present and future. Later, they had to recall these same traits. It was discovered that people in the control group could recall more adjectives linked to themselves than adjectives linked to the celebrity. However, the participants with vmPFC lesions had little or no ability to recall references to the self, regardless of the context of time. Their identification of adjectives for celebrities was also comparatively weak. These findings are intriguing, for the study helps us understand how self-related memories depend on the function of the vmPFC． But what about our past selves? Previous studies asked people to consider their past selves, but there was no evidence of the self-reference effect. Our past selves seem foreign to us, as if they were individuals apart from us. One idea that scientists have put forward to understand this distinction is that perhaps we are not very kind in our judgments of our past selves. Instead we may be rather critical of our previous behavior, emotions and personal traits. We may use our past primarily to construct a more positive self-image in the present. Put another way, because we may recognize flaws (瑕疵) in our past self’s behavior, we tend to distance ourselves from the person we once were. Therefore, bringing the present and future into the spotlight is central to understanding the way our brain and thoughts shape our current selves. And with the research, we have a better idea about the way a small region within our brain is able to build and hold the core ability to maintain our identity. 28．From the passage, we can learn that ________. A．people with vmPFC lesions have a broken sense of identity B．vmPFC-injured people recall celebrities better than others do C．the self-reference effect plays a vital role in considering past self D．people tend to accept past self after realizing their previous faults 29．As for the findings of the recent study on vmPFC, the author is ________. A．critical B．doubtful C．approving D．unconcerned 30．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Testing Our Memories B．Creating Our Sense of Self C．The Power of Self-Reference Effect D．The Importance of Mental Time Travel D James Gailey has already retired. At 80 years old, he was enjoying time in the North Texas community of Callisburg. It’s a small town, with a population of about 300 people. The local school district has two campuses, and supports over 1,100 students in the rural area. Although Gailey had no intention of returning to the workforce, he had no choice when his monthly rent was raised by $400. Since he couldn’t afford that cost, “Mr. James,” as the students call him, went back to the local school and restarted working as a school janitor. Three students decided that they could do something about this situation. Greyson Thurman, Banner Tidwell, and Marti Yusko created a GoFundMe web page and shared his story on TikTok. “No 80-year-old should have to work because they have to,” said Tidwell, “It should be because they want to do it. It bothered us that he had to have a place to work to keep his house.” When the students started the campaign, their goal was to get Mr. James some extra money to help with his rent issues. The page was disabled only two weeks later, raising an impressive $270,000. “It’s amazing,” said Jason Hooper, the principal of Callisburg High School. “The need was met because of three kind kids—of all our students who offered help.” Many of the donations to the GoFundMe page are from students and staff at Callisburg, with most of them only $5 or $10 each. “It is crazy to see something like that. We knew people would have wanted to help,” said Yusko, “We didn’t know it would blow up.” At the time of researching and writing this story, Mr. James said that he was ready to return to retirement. “It’s what we’re about,” Hooper said, “We’re a small town. We’re family. We don’t always agree, but we love and help our own.” 31．James Gailey returned to work mainly because of ________. A．his difficulty in paying his rent B．his boredom of the retiring life C．his desire to continue his career D．his ambition to improve himself 32．What did the three kids do for James Gailey? A．Finding him a job at campus B．Giving him support for work. C．Raising money on the website. D．Turning to the school principle. 33．How did Yusko feel after the campaign ? A．Doubtful. B．Astonished. C．Regretful. D．Confused. 34．What can we learn from the story? A．It’s never too late to learn. B．A good turn deserves another. C．Chance favors the prepared mind. D．A small act can make a difference. 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Picture this: you’re baking cookies. As you lift the pan out of the oven, your bare arm accidentally touches it. Ouch! Why did you feel pain? And how is your brain involved in sensing pain? We may not like pain, but our bodies need it as a warning system. 35 There are special receptor cells in our skin and bodies that are sensitive to certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nociceptors”. When a nociceptor gets exposed to a painful stimulus, it sends a message into the brain. The brain processes that information, and then pain is felt. 36 Think about a time when you’ve stubbed your toe. There doesn’t seem to be a delay between hitting your toe and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time. 37 If we have an injury, pain alerts us to rest and let the injury heal. If we stand too close to a fire, pain tells us to move away. Not being able to feel pain can be dangerous. Some people can feel sensations like touch, but they cannot feel pain. Without feeling pain, they cannot listen to their bodies when they need to rest or heal. On the other hand, the brain sometimes processes pain where there isn’t any actual injury to the body. Here’s a famous story: a man stepped on a nail. It went through the bottom of his shoe, and he felt like he was in horrible pain. When the doctors removed his shoe, they found that the nail was between his toes! It hadn’t gone into his foot at all. 38 So his brain perceived pain to match the experience. Without pain, we might not know when we could need to rest. We might not know if we were in danger of hurting ourselves. 39 However, it is an important part of human life and survival! A．Pain is not fun to feel. B．Pain is a response to a stimulus. C．Our brains use sensory information to interpret the pain that we feel. D．Even though pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary for human survival. E．All of this signal sending and processing happens faster than we can perceive. F．It is an important function of our brain, telling our bodies when something is wrong. G．However, the visual information tricked his brain into thinking that there was cause for alarm. 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Survey data show that American customers today are more than twice as likely to complain about a product or service as they were in 1976. People are grumbling (抱怨) more at work too. Nearly a third of employers in one UK-based survey witnessed an increase in employee complaints over a two-year period. Of course, you can always find something to complain about. But if you do so habitually, that is probably hurting you, making others feel down, and making you a less attractive person to be around. So you might want to resist the trend toward a culture of complaint. Sometimes, complaining is “instrumental,” designed to gain redress (补偿) for displeasure, such as poor service or annoying behaviour from a family member. Complaining can also be “chronic,” a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and refuse to be comforted. More typically, however, complaining is simply to let out displeasure or obtain sympathy. The problem with complaining is that even though it can feel therapeutic (有疗效的), it typically isn’t. Although complaining might offer temporary relief, it’s bad for your happiness in the long run. Scholars have shown that people who share negative emotions on social media experience lower levels of well being. Complaining can also lower the happiness of the people around you. Researchers showed that simply hearing another’s complaint lowers one’s mood. Even worse, in some relationships , the negative effect can pass like a virus to those exposed. Let’s assume, however, that your livelihood does not rely on spreading misery. Much more likely is that it will be in your interest, if you have a complaining habit, to break it. The people you care about will be happier too. 40．What is the purpose of “instrumental” complaining? 41．What are the negative effects of complaining? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. ➤ “Chronic” complaining is a state of dissatisfaction in which grumblers constantly think about their misery and try to obtain sympathy. 43．Instead of complaining, how would you deal with dissatisfaction in life? (In about 40 words) 第二节 (20 分) 假设你是红星中学高二学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim发来邮件，提到对你 校的广播站很感兴趣，请你用英文给他回复，内容包括： 1. 广播站开设的栏目； 2. 广播站对师生的意义。 注意：1. 字数不少于60； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第5页（共8页） 试题 第6页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$