语法专题——宾语从句讲解一 2024-2025学年外研版八年级英语下册

八年级下册宾语从句专题（一） 宾语从句小口诀： 宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词； 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时； 陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether, 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。 一、基本讲解 1　概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。 He said he was good at drawing. (动词宾语 He asks him how long Mike has been done. (动词宾语) Miss Zhang is angry at what you said. (介词宾语) 2.连接词 (1) .陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。 e.g, She told me (that) she would like to go with us. 注：以下情况中that不能省略 ①当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 eg. He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you. ②当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 eg. Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap. ③当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。 eg. I can’t tell him that his mother died. (2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序 　　 eg, I wonder if /whether you have told the news to Li Lei . 　　注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用， 但有些情况例外。 　　 a. 当从句做介词的宾语时只用whether 不用if 　　 eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 　　 b. 引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时， 只用whether. 　　 eg, Could you tell me whether you go or not? 　　 c. if当如果讲时， 引导的是条件状语从句， 这时不能用whether. (3).特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。 E.g. Could you tell me what's the matter\wrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。 3.宾语从句时态 a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如： Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如： I didn't know （if/whether he had seen the film.） 注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： He said （that the earth moves round the sun.） The teacher told us （that light travels much faster than sound.）　 4、语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。陈述句语序，就是主语在前，谓语 动词在后。 eg. 1). He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. (错误) He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. (正确) 2) .I don’t know what are they looking for. (错误) I don’t know what they are looking for. (正确) 3). Could you tell me when will the train leave? (错误) Could you tell me when the train will leave? (正确) （ Could you tell me when to leave?/Could you tell me what happened？/ I want to know what（主语） is（谓语） the matter.注：the matter 表示“问题”、“毛病” 例句：Is anything the matter? What's the matter with the machine? What's the matter with your foot? 从第一句可以看出，anything是主语，the matter 是表语，那么肯定句可 以是Something is the matter. 或 Nothing is the matter.如果对Nothing 或 something划线提问的话，那么就是What is the matter? 也就是说the matter 是表语；what 是主语，这本身就是陈述语序了。那么在直接引语转间接引语后，She asked what was the matter.是正确的。 ） 5.人称的变化和标点的使用 a.从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：(一主二宾三不变) “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. b. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如： Who will give us a talk? I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live? →Do you know where he lives? 二、宾语从句的转化 1. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如： I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy. 3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 三、宾语从句的否定转移即主句的谓语动词为 think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第 一人称时,从句的否定词要转移到主句上来。 eg. 1).I think he won’t come to my party. (错误) I don’t think he will come to my party. (正确) 2).I suppose that it is not true. (错误) I don’t suppose that it is true. (正确) 3). I imagine that he will not come. (错误) I don’t imagine that he will come. (正确) 四、宾语从句与形式宾语it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句 处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末： eg. I think it best that you should stay here. He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. She found it difficult to answer the question. He feels it his duty to help others. He thought it best to be on his guard. I consider it wrong to cheat in an examination. 专项练习 一、根据宾语从句的时态，用所给动词的正确形式填空. 1. We are sure that he _________ (go) to school tomorrow. 1. Do you know who ________ (be) the first man to walk on the moon 3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is) 4. Our father said that he ____________ (will) buy a new computer. 5. I hear that he ____________ (swim) in the sea yesterday. 6. The little boy tells us where his father ____________ (work). 7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already. 8. They thought they could ________ (hike) to the top of the mountain. 9. He was glad that so many people _________ (help) him. 10. She doesn't know whether _____________ (go) or wait. 【答案】will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works 7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go 二、请将以下句子转换成宾语从句。（考虑三方面：引导词、时态、语序） 1. He will come back in a week. I think _________ he ______________ ______________ back in a week. 2. Who is he looking for? Do you know _________ ______________ _________ looking for? 3. Why is the plane late? I didn’t know _________ the plane ______________ ______________. 4. He has already come back. He told me _________ he ______________ already come back. 5. How can I get to the Summer Palace? Could you tell me _________ _________ _________ get to the Summer Palace? 6. Why didn’t he come yesterday? Can you tell me _________ _________ ______________ come yesterday? 7. What are they doing? Tom didn’t tell me ______________ they ______________ doing. 8. When will we have an English test? The teacher didn’t tell us _________ _________ __________ have an English test. 9. Where will the meeting be? I asked him _________ the meeting ______________ be. 10. Whose watch is this? Does anybody know ___________ _____________ __________ _________? 11. Was the watch made in Shanghai？ I don't know ____________ the watch ____________ made in Shanghai. 三、 单项选择 1.—Could you tell me _________? — You can take No. 16 bus. A. how can we get to the Olympic Park B. how we can get to the Olympic Park C. how did we get to the Olympic Park D. how we got to the Olympic Park 2.—Can you tell me how many colors ________ in a rainbow? —Seven. A. there are B. are there C. they are D. are they 3.—Could you tell me ___________ ?—He's a bank clerk. A. who your father is B. what your father does C. where your father works。 4.—Morgan, could you tell me _____________? —In the Mexican city of Cancun. A. where did the UN Climate Change Meeting open B. when did the UN Climate Change Meeting open C. when the UN Climate Change Meeting opened D. where the UN Climate Change Meeting opened 5. —Do you know what time _________ in Shanghai tomorrow? —He will tell us as soon as he gets the ticket. A. he will arrive B. will he arrive C. does he arrive D. he arrives 6.Let’s discuss_______stop eating dog meat. A. should people B. if should people C.whether people should 7. —Could you tell me__________? I will meet you at the airport. —At 10:00 am. A. what time will you arrive B. what time you will arrive C. what your flight number is D. what is your flight number 8.—Can you tell me _____________? —About two months ago. A. where my watch is B. where is my watch C. when you bought your camera D. when did you buy your camera 9.—Could you tell me _______? —Certainly. In half an hour. A. when will the train arrive B. when the train will arrive C. when would the train arrive D. when the train would arrive 10.--- Could you tell us ______ ? --- About two weeks. A. how often are you going to be away B. how often we are going to be away C. how long are we going to be away D. how long we are going to be away 11.---There is a girl in front of our classroom. Do you know ________? --- She is my neighbor, Sue. A. who is she B. who she is C. what is she D. what she is 12.In the UK, a woman usually doesn’t like to be asked_______. A. whether she had been married B. what is her age C. how much she weighs D. where she comes from 13.—Do you know_______? —Yes. At about twelve. I was just about to go to bed. A. when he came back B. when he will come back C. when did you go to bed D. whether he goes to bed late 14. Do you know ________ ? I guess he may be a teacher. A. what is he B. how he does it C. what he does D. what does he do 15.--- Michael, look at the man in yellow over there. Can you tell me ________? --- He is a farmer. A. who is he B. what is he C. what he is 【答案】1-5 BABDA 6-10 CBCBD 11-15 BCACC 四、 句型转换。 1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→ Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it. 2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） → I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea. 3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） → Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy. 4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） → I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital. 5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句) 【答案】 1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they 宾语从句规律总结： 1. 主现从任 2. 主过从过 3. 宾从表真理，从句一般现在时 4. Could / Would you (please) ...等委婉语气，主句为一般现在时 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$